Psychological autobiography is a collective name for a large group of methods for obtaining biographical information from the person being studied. These methods make it possible to obtain psychological history data, information about major events and stages life path personality, about her attitude to the lived and about the features of her anticipation.
General information (gender, age, education, marital status, professional information, health status, etc.)
P.) can be obtained with the help of a conversation, a questionnaire, biographical questionnaires. Specific information (assessment of past and possible future events, attitude towards oneself and others, subjective perception of one's life path, etc.) is received different ways. The most common and simplest is an oral or written narration about one's life with a simultaneous description of one's mental state in the corresponding periods.
Narrative can be facilitated by the scheme of presentation offered to the subject. The scheme contains separate reference points related to different age periods of a person's life and to different areas of his activity.
The method of self-portrait is popular in such studies. The subject is asked to draw a straight horizontal line. extreme points who represent birth and death. On the segment, the subject chooses a point corresponding to present moment his life. Thus, he correlates his past and future, evaluates his temporal possibilities. In these two sections, he marks the most important events: those that have happened in the past and those expected in the future. It is desirable to accompany these milestones with an emotional assessment.
Another well-known technique is controlled fantasy. It can be carried out in different options. For example, “getting used to” your imaginary image in old age with summing up the results of life. Or "speeding up time" by repeatedly imagining yourself older and older in sequence.
Of the latest developments, we point out the methodology of E. Yu. Korzhova, proposed in 1994 to identify self-perception of a person's life path. The answers and descriptions of the biographer concern his past, present and possible future, but mainly the events of his recent past.
A formalization and unification procedure for autobiographical material is provided, which makes it possible to quantify it. The methods of data interpretation provided by the method make it possible to attribute it to the category of event-biographical methods. And since in the analysis of the material the personal meaning (i.e., meaning) of the answers comes to the fore, then this technique(however, as well as the method of psychological autobiography in general) can be attributed to the group of expressive projective methods. The author has developed criteria for data analysis. When interpreting, the following features of the perception of events by a person are taken into account: 1) formal characteristics - the productivity of reproducing images of the past and future; the significance of this event for oneself in comparison with others; desirability of events; the degree of influence of events on the subsequent course of the subject's life; the time of their anticipation (anticipation) and retrospection; 2) meaningful characteristics - the type and type of significant events; their "originality-popularity" (frequency of occurrence); their "strength-weakness" (the predominant influence of personality or situational variables). The subjective picture of the life path is considered as a holistic image of human existence: sensations, perceptions, emotional and intellectual experiences and assessments own life and ultimately attitude towards it. A number of components of this inner picture of one's life are subject to analysis: 1) the somatic (bodily) component - attitude towards one's health, age, changes in both, etc.; 2) personal (individual-psychological) component - attitude towards oneself as a person; 3) situational (socio-psychological) component - attitude to life situations in which he was included this person. The results for a particular subject are compared with the normative ones obtained for contingents of somatically healthy and sick people. Healthy people are differentiated into two professional groups: teachers and engineering and technical workers (ITR). The technique allows diagnosing mental states. It can be used for both individual and group research and examination.
More on the topic 20.5. Psychological autobiography:
- Chapter III. AUTOBIOGRAPHY AS HISTORY AND HISTORY AS AUTOBIOGRAPHY
- S. Shumov, A. Andreev,. M.S. Grushevsky. History of the Ukrainian people. Autobiography, 2002
- Differences in the understanding of psychological causality and the essence of psychological experimentation Plurality of ideas about psychological causation
- Chapter 4
- Unscientific psychological knowledge and the possibility of psychological knowledge as scientific
- 58. PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES. FORMATION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES AND ITS COMPONENTS
§ 1. General characteristics of the methodology
"Psychological Autobiography" is one of the situational psychodiagnostic methods. Situational psychodiagnostics, related to the psychodiagnostics of the adaptive capabilities of the individual, is aimed at identifying the features of the situational component of the internal picture of the life path (see Chapter 4) - one of the indicators of the functioning of the adaptive process. We believe that the components of the internal picture of the life path can be included in the system of basic indicators underlying the data obtained in the psychodiagnostic study. The system of such indicators should be distinguished in accordance with the concept of measured individuality (L. F. Burlachuk, E. Yu. Korzhova), according to which a person in the process of psychodiagnostic research appears primarily as an individual. In this case, a special form of personality description arises - a measured individuality. The theory of measured individuality refers to the theories of the "middle level" (theories of middle-range, the term was introduced by R. Merton in 1947 during the polemic with T. Parsons) - bridges between empirical material and general theory.
Theoretical models represent indirect knowledge, while the theory of measured individuality "grows" from the directly observed results of psychodiagnostic research.
The "Psychological Autobiography" was developed to assess the situational features of a person's life path.
This is an expressive projective technique for studying experiences associated with the most significant areas of life. The technique allows to reveal the peculiarities of perception of significant life situations, namely, the most important events in a person's life. These are special situations closely related to the personality of the subject. Naming the significant events of his life, a person refracts them through his "I". Thus, the technique provides an opportunity to study the most significantly personality-related features of the psychological environment, according to R. Barker, or the perception of situations, according to D. Magnuason, or subjective situations, according to R. Stebbins ( R. Stebbine), in human life. The focus of the methodology on the study of the life path, the methods of interpreting quantitative indicators make it possible to attribute the "Psychological Autobiography" to the methods of the event-biographical approach (see Chapter 1, § 3), while the ways of creating the methodology, as well as, accordingly, the quantitative parameters proposed for analysis (1 - 4A) are in many ways consonant with the traditional methods of conducting a study of the event direction, which is widespread abroad, focused on the analysis of events of the recent past (see Chap. 1, § 4). Thus, the Psychological Autobiography is based on two main approaches to the study of situations and can serve good example their interactions.
How to write an autobiography. Template, example. Requirements for content and text. (10+)
Autobiography. Template, example, sample
I will give an example of an autobiography with explanations. The curriculum vitae can be written in chronological order without division into sections or with division into sections by topic. In the example above, splitting is used. In some cases, the current state of affairs and social status are described at the end.
Depending on the purpose for which you are writing an autobiography, the requirements for it may be different. Before writing, read the requirements of the place where you provide it.
The text should be in a formal business style.
All autobiography data is fictitious, all coincidences, if any, are accidental.
Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich, autobiography
Date and place of birth, parents
Born on August 12, 1964 in Rostov
Father: Ivanov Ivan Sergeevich (born 07/14/1940 in the village of Nizhnee Rostov region), teacher.
Mother: Ivanova (nee Zakharova) Antonina Vasilievna (born February 8, 1944 in Rostov), software engineer.
In parental data, if the parent is deceased at the time of writing the autobiography, the date of death may be given, but often this is not given. There are discrepancies in what position of parents to indicate, because a person could change jobs or move up the career ladder. Sometimes the position at the time of the birth of the child is indicated, sometimes at the time of compiling the autobiography. Most often in our time it is not indicated at all, since the worker-peasant origin, which was established according to these data, has lost its meaning.
Education
1971 - 1979 studied at the secondary school N 61 in Rostov
1979 - 1981 studied at the FMS N 18 named after. Kolmagorov at the Moscow State University them. Lomonosov Moscow
1981 - 1986 studied at the Moscow State University. Lomonosov, Moscow. at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics. Diploma topic "Mathematical modeling of the impact of technogenic carbon dioxide on the greenhouse effect" (Scientific adviser...)
1986 - 1989 studied at the graduate school at the Moscow State University. Lomonosov, Moscow, worked on his dissertation. In 1989 he defended his dissertation on the topic "Mathematical modeling of the movement of air masses and greenhouse effect", received the degree of candidate of physical and mathematical sciences. (Scientific adviser ...)
1990 trained at the Ecological University (France, Leon)
Labor activity
1990 - 1994 Researcher, Department of Mathematical Modeling, Ecological Institute, Moscow.
1994 - 1998 Senior Researcher, Department of Mathematical Modeling, Ecological Institute, Moscow.
1998 - present. Associate Professor, Department of Mathematical Modeling, Ecological Institute, Moscow.
Family status
In 1984 he married Tatyana Georgievna Feoktistova ( Date and place of birth). In 1986, the son Ivanov Sergey Ivanovich was born ( Date and place of birth).
In 1989, the marriage with Tatyana Georgievna Feoktistova was annulled.
In 1990 he married Galkina Zinaida Vasilievna ( Date and place of birth). In 1991, the daughter Ivanova Irina Ivanovna was born ( Date and place of birth).
Publications
In 1985, the book Mathematical Approaches to environmental safety", in the work on which he participated as part of a group of authors.
In 1992, the book Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming was published.
At this moment
Married, have two children.
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. I am working on my doctoral dissertation.
I teach at the Ecological Institute in Moscow
I own foreign languages: English - I read with a dictionary, French - I speak fluently, Japanese - I read with a dictionary.
Awarded with an international environmental award, a commemorative diploma from the Environmental Technology Fund of the Russian Federation for merits in protecting environment RF.
Hobbies and personal qualities
I'm fond of fishing and tourism and outdoor recreation.
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Applicants think about how to write an autobiography before passing an interview, participants in specialist competitions, student programs, etc. The document contains information about the life path of a citizen, the facts that make him a professional in a particular field, personal qualities. The fact of employment or the decision of the competitive jury depends on the literacy and completeness of the presentation.
According to the generally accepted definition, an autobiography for work is a biography of a person, which outlines the stages of professional and personal development. The chronology includes events from birth to the present.
A biography is required in the following cases:
- employment (usually such a document is required by government agencies and law enforcement agencies);
- participation in professional competitions;
- organization of student projects;
- adoption of a child;
- supplementing the personal file of an already employed specialist.
The value of a sample autobiography submitted by a citizen varies depending on the specifics of the case. A commercial structure that requested it from a working employee “for show” may not read the text, but government agency, having received a biography from the applicant, will make a decision on the offer of employment based on it.
A short autobiography performs a function that is beyond the power of a characterization or summary - through a description of the author's life path, it introduces the reader to inner world citizen, constitutes an idea of him as a specialist. In state structures, the document is studied with the involvement of psychologists, graphologists and (or) security service specialists.
Rules for writing your own biography
How to write an autobiography? There are no hard rules or restrictions. Sample filling, the form is not regulated by the current regulatory legal acts. The compiler is required to comply with the standards for official business correspondence.
Be guided by the following rules:
- Keep it short. The maximum volume of a document is 1-2 pages. An example of an autobiography written on five sheets will create a negative impression of the applicant as a person who is not able to succinctly formulate thoughts.
- Write to business style. Give up overly emotional statements, insults, unnecessary metaphors and additions. Remember: the reader will no longer be interested in the content of the document, but in the form of presentation.
- Avoid mistakes: grammatical, stylistic, speech. They will create a negative opinion in the reader.
- Observe chronological order. The pattern for writing an autobiography suggests that the events are presented in the order that takes place in real life: birth. education, school, higher education, job change.
- State only true facts. If the deception in the autobiography is revealed, the applicant will be denied a vacancy, the contestant will not be given the victory. The business reputation of the author will remain "tarnished".
In order to avoid mistakes when compiling a document, study the submitted sample of an autobiography for the civil service and be guided by its style and structure.
What should be reflected in the biography?
- Full name of the compiler;
- Date and place of birth;
- passport data of the author-compiler;
- information about parents (name, occupation);
- information about the education received (school, college or university, postgraduate education, advanced training courses, etc.);
- military service (for those liable for military service);
- information about professional activity(places of employment, main responsibilities);
- data on labor achievements (received awards, titles and degrees, successfully completed projects, etc.);
- personal qualities significant in the labor process;
- information about spouse, children;
- having a hobby;
- contacts for communication.
The sample autobiography for employment assumes that the biography ends with the date of preparation and the personal signature of the author-compiler.
No special form is required to write your own biography. A blank A4 sheet will do. You can type the text on a computer and then print it out or write it by hand.
Features of compiling an autobiography for employment
An autobiography when applying for a job is an addition to the resume and characteristics from past places of employment, by which a potential employer judges the professional suitability of a specialist. To produce best impression for a future leader, include the following information in the document:
- Career success
Describe in detail the points that may be of interest to a potential employer: the tasks performed on previous places employment, professional achievements, career, your benefits as a specialist.
- Professional skills
An autobiography for the civil service will be more valuable if you write in it what additional knowledge within the chosen profession you have received by attending courses, trainings, seminars, having mastered new software products etc.
- Business qualities
Write down what personal characteristics necessary for successful work, you possess. This can be punctuality, attentiveness, perseverance, communication skills, etc. Separately, note that you are able to work in multitasking conditions, you are not afraid of large volumes and tight deadlines.
- Wishes for work
Refuse to be too demanding, but indicate your wishes for a future place of employment, for example, flexible hours, no business trips, etc.
A sample of an autobiography in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and state structures requires the presence of a photograph. Choose a photo that shows you in business attire against a uniform background. If you have references from past places of employment, copies of diplomas, certificates, attach them to your biography.
Understanding how to write a quality CV will help you win professional or student competitions, get the job you want, and achieve other career goals. There are no special requirements for the document; when preparing it, you must follow the principles formal business style, worldly wisdom and adequacy. In order to avoid mistakes, find in advance on the Internet and carefully study the example of writing that suits your situation.
This is a collective name for a large group of methods for obtaining biographical information from the person being studied. These methods make it possible to obtain psychological anamnesis data, information about the most important events and stages of a person's life path, about her attitude to the past and about the features of her anticipation.
General information (gender, age, education, marital status, professional information, health status, etc.) can be obtained using a conversation, questionnaire, biographical questionnaires. Specific information (assessment of past and possible future events, attitude towards oneself and others, subjective perception of one's life path, etc.) is obtained in various ways.
Autobiography(oral or written narration about one's life with a simultaneous description of one's mental state in the relevant periods) is the most common and simple method of obtaining specific information. Narrative can be facilitated by the scheme of presentation offered to the subject. The scheme contains separate reference points related to different age periods of a person's life and to different areas of his activity.
A popular approach in such studies is self-portrait. The subject is asked to draw a straight horizontal line, the extreme points of which represent birth and death. On the segment, the subject chooses a point corresponding to a given moment in his life. Thus, he correlates his past and future, evaluates his temporal possibilities. In these two sections, he marks the most important events: those that have happened in the past and those expected in the future. It is desirable to accompany these milestones with an emotional assessment.
Another well-known trick controlled fantasy. It can be carried out in different ways. For example, “getting used to” your imaginary image in old age with summing up the results of life. Or "speeding up time" by repeatedly imagining yourself older and older in sequence.
One of the latest developments is the technique of E.Yu. Korzhova, proposed in 1994 to identify self-perception of a person's life path. The answers and descriptions of the biographer concern his past, present and possible future. A formalization and unification procedure for autobiographical material is provided, which makes it possible to quantify it. The methods of data interpretation provided by the method make it possible to attribute it to the category of event-biographical methods. And since in the analysis of the material the personal meaning (that is, the meaning) of the answers comes to the fore, this technique (as well as the method of psychological autobiography in general) can be attributed to the group of expressive projective methods. The author has developed criteria for data analysis. When interpreting, the following features of the perception of events by a person are taken into account:
Formal characteristics - the productivity of reproducing images of the past and future; the significance of this event for oneself in comparison with others; desirability of events; the degree of influence of events on the subsequent course of the subject's life; the time of their anticipation (anticipation) and retrospection.
The subjective picture of the life path is considered as a holistic image of human existence: sensations, perceptions, emotional and intellectual experiences and assessments of one's own life and, ultimately, attitude towards it. A number of components of this inner picture of one's life are subject to analysis:
Somatic (bodily) component - attitude towards one's health, age, changes in both, etc.;
Personal (individual-psychological) component - attitude towards oneself as a person;
The situational (socio-psychological) component is the attitude to life situations in which this person was included.
The results for a particular subject are compared with the normative data obtained for contingents of somatically healthy and sick people. Healthy people are differentiated into two professional groups: teachers and engineering and technical workers (ITR). The technique allows diagnosing mental states. It can be used for both individual and group research and examination (12).
N. Denzin proposed general scheme analysis and description of life stories, which includes the following steps:
1. Select problems and hypotheses that can be explored and tested using the life story.
2. Select the subject or subjects and determine in what form the biographical data will be collected.
3. Describe objective events and experiences from the subject's life that are relevant to the problem you are interested in. These events must be evaluated from various sources and perspectives in such a way that contradictions, inconsistencies and irregularities become apparent.
4. Obtain from the subject his interpretation of these events, following the natural or chronological order.
5. Analyze all statements and messages in terms of their internal and external validity (check the reliability of sources).
6. Make a final decision about the reliability of the above sources and prioritize sources for further testing of hypotheses.
7. Start testing previously formulated hypotheses, searching for refuting examples. Keep modifying these hypotheses, making new ones, and testing them.
8. Make a rough sketch of the whole life story and present it to the subjects to study their reactions.
9. Rework the research report, putting the events in their natural sequence and taking into account the comments of the research subjects. Present in the report the hypotheses and assumptions that have been confirmed. In conclusion, dwell on the theoretical significance of your findings and the prospects for further research.
This scheme can serve as a guide in working with biographical data (7).
From the above, it can be concluded that the biographical method is used by many disciplines, namely: sociology, psychology, pedagogy, ethnology, ethnography, etc. The main areas of application of biographical methods in psychology are personality psychology, differential psychology, historical psychology. Some modifications of biographical methods are used to diagnose mental conditions.
The concept of "Biographical method" combines several different methods of collecting biographical information. Most often, these methods are differentiated by the type of information source. There are four such varieties: psychobiography, causometry, formalized biographical questionnaire, psychological autobiography.
Psychobiography is a method psychological analysis personality based on biographical information. For the first time the method was used to describe the personality of US President W. Wilson.
Causometry is one of the biographical methods designed to study the subjective picture of the life path and the psychological time of a person. Proposed in 1982 by E.I. Golovakha and A.A. Kronik. With its help, not only the past stages of a person’s life can be described, but also the expected future. Conducted in the form of an interview, consisting of six main procedures: biographical warm-up; formation of a list of significant events; their dating; causal analysis of the relationships between these events; target analysis; designation of spheres of ownership of events. Additionally, an assessment is made of the emotional attractiveness of events, their remoteness to the past and future, and their significance “for oneself” and for “others”, as well as the localization of a personal temporary center. The results of the interview are depicted in the form of a causogram - a graph of events and connections between them. This allows us to conclude about possible deformations pictures of the life path, about the scale, meaningfulness and realization of the ideas of the respondent. According to these data, one can judge the features of his lifestyle and satisfaction with his past, present, and future. Based on causometry, a computer program"Biograph", which allows you to diagnose the person being examined using a computer.
The formalized biographical questionnaire is a concretization of a large group of methods united by the name "Biographical Questionnaires". In these questionnaires, objective indicators of a person's life path (age, education, work experience, place of residence, etc.) are usually clarified. Sometimes they also include questions of a subjective nature (interests, inclinations, etc.). For example, the questionnaire of N.V. Loginova, which reflects the following main groups of biographical data: life path data; stages of socialization (nursery, Kindergarten, school, university, labor collectives etc.); development environment (place of residence, educational institutions, production organizations); interests and hobbies in different periods life; health status (including past illnesses). The interpretation of the results involves the analysis of social situations of personality development, the emotional background and the orientation of the personality to different stages life path, major conflicts and driving forces of personal development.
Psychological autobiography is a collective name for a large group of methods for obtaining biographical information from the person being studied. These methods make it possible to obtain psychological anamnesis data, information about the most important events and stages of a person's life path, about her attitude to the past and about the features of her anticipation. Here we can single out the main methods, such as: autobiography, self-portrait technique, “guided fantasy” technique. One of the latest developments is the method of E.Yu.Korzhova, proposed in 1994 to identify self-perception of a person's life path. N. Denzin also proposed a general scheme for the analysis and description of life histories, which includes 9 successive steps. This scheme can serve as a guide in working with biographical data.
