General and local vibration affect the human body in different ways, therefore, various maximum permissible values ​​​​are also established for them.

The normalized parameters of the general vibration are the root-mean-square values ​​of the vibrational speed in octave bands frequencies or amplitudes of movements excited by the operation of equipment (machines, machine tools, electric motors, fans, etc.) and transmitted to workplaces in industrial premises(floor, work platforms, seat). The regulated parameters are introduced by sanitary norms SN 245-71. They do not apply to vehicles and self-propelled machines in motion.

The permissible values ​​of vibration parameters given in the norms (Table 12) are intended for permanent workplaces in industrial premises with continuous exposure during the working day (8 hours).

Table 12

If the duration of exposure to vibrations is less than 4 hours during the working day, the permissible values ​​of the vibration parameters indicated in the table should be increased by 1.4 times (by 3 dB); when exposed to less than 2 hours - twice (by 6 dB); when exposed to less than 2 hours, three times (by 9 dB). The duration of exposure to vibrations must be justified by calculation or confirmed by technical documentation.

For manual machines, the maximum permissible vibration levels were introduced by GOST 17770-72. Their parameters determine: the effective values ​​of the vibrational speed or their levels in octave frequency bands at the points of contact of the machines with the hands of the worker; the force of pressing (feed) applied in the process of work to the manual machine by the hands of the worker; mass manual machine or its parts, perceived in the process of work by the hands of the worker.

Permissible values ​​of vibrational speed and their levels in octave frequency bands are given in Table. 13.

Table 13

Note. In the octave band with a geometric mean frequency of 8 Hz, the control of vibrational speed values ​​\u200b\u200bshould be carried out only for manual machines with a number of revolutions or beats per second less than 11.2.

The standards for manual machines also define the pressing force and the mass of the machine, and for pneumatic actuators - the magnitude of the applied force.

The force of pressing (feed) applied by the hands of the worker to the manual machine and necessary for stable and productive work is established by standards and specifications for certain types of machines; it should not exceed 200 N.

The mass of a manual machine or its parts, perceived by the hands, the force of gravity or its component, transmitted to the hands of the worker in the process of work, should not exceed 100 N.

The surfaces of the machines in the places of their contact with the hands of the worker must have a thermal conductivity coefficient of not more than 0.5 W / (m * K). General requirements manual pneumatic machines are equipped with GOST 12.2.010-75, which contains safety requirements for the design and operation of machines, as well as requirements for vibration parameters control methods.

The design of the machine must comply with the requirements of GOST 17770-72 with the following additions: the design of the machine must provide vibration protection for both hands of the operator; to have protections of the working tool; the location of the exhaust openings is such that the exhaust air does not interfere with the work of the operator. Percussion machines must be equipped with devices that prevent spontaneous flight of the working tool during idle impacts.

The use of machines to perform operations not provided for by their main purpose is allowed. However, if at the same time the vibration exceeds the established levels (GOST 17770-72), then the duration of the work of one operator should not exceed the established "Recommendations for the development of working conditions for workers in vibration-hazardous professions", approved by the USSR Ministry of Health, the State Committee for Labor and Wages of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions 1-XII 1971

On manual controls of pneumatic actuators and devices, the amount of effort should not exceed during operation: with the hand - 10 N; arm to the elbow - 40 N; with the whole hand - 150 N; two hands -250 N.

Controls (handles, flywheels, etc.), with the exception of remote panels remote control, must be placed relative to the platform from which the control is performed, at a height of 1000-1600 mm when servicing drives while standing and 600-1200 mm when servicing while sitting.

Technical requirements for measuring and monitoring vibrations at workplaces are established by GOST 12.4.012-75.

Measuring instruments must ensure the measurement and control of the vibration characteristics of workplaces (seat, working platform) and controls under operating conditions, as well as the determination of the mean square value of the vibration velocity averaged over the measurement time in absolute and relative values. Measurement of root-mean-square values ​​of vibration acceleration in absolute and relative values ​​and vibration displacement in absolute values ​​is allowed.

Measuring instruments must ensure the determination of vibration in the octave and third octave frequency bands. The characteristics of octave and third octave filters are accepted in accordance with GOST 12.4.012-75, but the dynamic range of the filter must be at least 40 dB.

Measuring instruments must ensure the determination in octave frequency bands of root-mean-square values ​​of vibration velocity relative to 5 * 10 -8 m / s in accordance with Table. 14 and vibration acceleration relative to 3*10 -4 m/s 2 in accordance with the table. fifteen.

Table 14

Table 15

Measuring instruments are carried out in the form of portable devices.

Vibrodiagnostics allows you to control technical condition main and retaining units in the mode of continuous monitoring of the vibration level.

Basic requirements for monitoring and measuring vibrations of pumping units:

1. All mainline and booster pumping units must be equipped with stationary monitoring and signaling vibration equipment (KSA) with the possibility of continuous monitoring of the current vibration parameters in the operator room. The PS automation system should provide light and sound alarms in the control room in case of increased vibration, as well as automatic shutdown units when reaching the emergency value of vibration.

2. Sensors of the control and signal vibration equipment are installed on each bearing support of the main and horizontal booster pumps to control vibration in the vertical direction. (fig) On vertical booster pumps, sensors are installed on the housing of the thrust bearing assembly to monitor vibration in the vertical (axial) and horizontal-transverse directions. (fig)

Picture. Measuring points on the bearing pedestal

Picture. Vibration measuring points on the vertical pump unit

The automation system must be configured to issue a signal when the warning and emergency levels of pump vibration at controlled points are reached. The measured and normalized vibration parameter is the mean square value (RMS) of the vibration velocity in the operating frequency band of 10…1000 Hz.

3. The values ​​of the alarm and protection settings for excessive vibration are set according to the approved process protection settings map depending on the rotor size, pump operation mode (supply) and vibration standards.

Vibration standards for main and booster pumps for nominal operating modes

Vibration standards for main and booster pumps for non-rated operating modes

With a vibration value of 7.1 mm/s to 11.2 mm/s, the duration of operation of the main and booster pumps should not exceed 168 hours.

The nominal mode of operation of the pumping unit is the supply from 0.8 to 1.2 of the nominal supply (Q nom) of the corresponding rotor (impeller).

When turning on and off the pumping unit, the protection of this unit and other operating units should be blocked due to excessive vibration for the duration of the program for starting (stopping) the pumping units.

4. Warning alarm in the control room of the local control room according to the “increased vibration” parameter, it corresponds to the RMS value of 5.5 mm/s (nominal mode) and 8.0 mm/s (non-nominal mode).

Signal "emergency vibration" - RMS 7.1 mm/s and 11.2 mm/s, immediate shutdown of the pumping unit.

5. Vibration control of auxiliary pumps (oil pumps, pumps of pumping systems for leaks, water supply, fire extinguishing, heating) should be carried out once a month and before being put into Maintenance using portable equipment.

6. To obtain additional information during vibration diagnostics of main and retaining units, as well as for the period of temporary absence of permanently installed means for measuring and monitoring vibration (verification, calibration, modernization), portable portable vibration equipment is used.

Each measurement of vibration by portable equipment is carried out at strictly fixed points.

7. When using portable vibration equipment, the vertical component of the vibration is measured on the top of the bearing cap above the middle of the bearing shell length.

The horizontal-transverse and horizontal-axial vibration components of horizontal pumping units are measured 2…3 mm lower from the axis of the pump shaft opposite the middle of the support insert length (Fig.).

Vibration measurement points on the vertical pump unit correspond to points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (fig.).

Picture. Vibration measuring points on the pump bearing housing without outriggers

For pumps that do not have remote bearing units (such as CNS, NGPNA), vibration is measured on the housing above the bearing as close as possible to the axis of rotation of the rotor (Fig.).

8. To assess the rigidity of the frame attachment to the foundation, vibration is measured on all elements of the pump attachment to the foundation. The measurement is made in the vertical direction on the anchor bolts (heads) or next to them on the foundation at a distance of no more than 100 mm from them. The measurement is carried out with planned and unscheduled vibration diagnostics control.

9. To carry out vibration diagnostic control, equipment is used to measure the root-mean-square value of vibration and universal vibration-analyzing equipment with the ability to measure the spectral components of vibration and amplitude-phase characteristics.

PUBLIC CORPORATION

JOINT-STOCK COMPANY
OIL TRANSPORT "TRANSNEFT"

JSC"AK" TRANSNEFT "

TECHNOLOGICAL
REGULATIONS

(enterprise standards)
joint stock company
for oil transportation "Transneft"

VolumeI

Moscow 2003

REGULATIONS
ORGANIZATION OF CONTROL OVER REGULATORY PARAMETERS OF MN AND PS IN OPERATOR'S PS, DISPATCH POINTS RNU (UMN) AND OAO MN

1. GENERAL

1.one. The regulation determines the procedure for control by pumping station operators, dispatching services of RNU (UMN), OAO MN, of the actual parameters of trunk oil pipelines, pumping stations and NB for compliance with regulatory and technological parameters.

Actual parameter - the real value of the controlled value recorded by the devices.

Regulatory and technological parameters - parameters set by PTE MN, RD, Regulations, GOST, Projects, Technological maps, Operating Instructions, State verification acts, and others normative documents determining the control system for the technological process of pumping oil.

Deviation -the output of the actual parameter beyond the boundaries of the established limits in table. "Regulatory and technological parameters of operation of main oil pipelines and pump stations displayed on the screen of the workstation of the operator of the pump station, the dispatcher of the RNU (UMN) and OAO MN" when the controlled parameter decreases beyond the established minimum allowable value, as well as when the controlled parameter increases beyond the established maximum allowable value .

1.2. The regulation is intended for employees of maintenance services, information technology, automated process control systems, OGM , OGE, services of technological regimes, dispatch services, RNU (UMN), OAO MN, operators of PS, LPDS, NB (hereinafter referred to as PS).

2. ORGANIZATION OF SUPPLIER CONTROL OVER REGULATIONAL PARAMETERS OF OPP AND OPS

2.1. Control for compliance of the actual parameters of MN andNP With regulatory and technological parameters, it is carried out by the operators of the PS by the dispatch services of the RNU and OAO MN on monitors personal computers installed in operator and control rooms in accordance with Table. .

2.2. Compliance with the actual parameters of the equipment PS, reservoirs х parks and the linear part of the main oil pipelines to standard parameters is controlled at the level of the pumping station by the system of automation and telemechanics by the operators of the pumping station, at the level of RNU (UMN) and OAO MN by the system of telemechanics by dispatching services. Deviation of controlled parameters from standard values ​​should be displayed on personal computer monitors and alarm boards and be accompanied by sound signals.

Accompaniment of deviations of actual parameters from the normative ones by light and sound signal, the mode of viewing actual parameters by control levels are given in Table. .

In viewing mode, information is displayed on monitors, is not accompanied by light and sound alarms, and if there are deviations, information is presented in a daily summary:

- at the NPS - to the head of the NPS;

- in the RNU - to the chief engineer of the RNU;

- in OJSC - to the chief engineer of OJSC.

2.3. To control the operation of the equipment of main oil pipelines and pumping stations, normative values ​​and indicators are entered into the SDKU program of the RNU (UMN), OAO MN according to Table. “Regulatory and technological parameters of operation of main oil pipelines and pumping stations, displayed on the screen of the workstation of the operator of the pumping station, the dispatcher of the RNU (UMN) and OAO MN”, then table. .

2.4. The table is reviewed and approved by the chief engineer of OAO MN at least once a quarter before the 25th day of the month preceding the beginning of the quarter.

2.5. The table is drawn up by the Operations Department of OAO MN, broken down by RNU, indicating the full name of those responsible for providing and changing the data.

2.6. The order of data collection, design and approval of the table. :

2.6.1. Until March 15, until July 15, until September 15, until December 15, RNU specialists in the field of activity fill in the parameters of the Table with the signature of the person responsible for each parameter. The head of the operation department submits the draft table for the signature of the chief engineer of the RNU and, after signing, sends it to OAO MN with a cover letter within 24 hours. Responsibility for the timely formation and transfer to OAO MN of the Table lies with the Chief Engineer of the RNU.

2.6.2. OE OJSC until March 20, until July 20, until September 20, until December 20 on the basis of the draft tables submitted from the RNU generates a pivot table and submits for approval in the direction of activity to the chief mechanic, chief power engineer, chief metrologist, head of the ACS T departmentP , head of the goods and transport department, head of the dispatch service.

The table agreed by the departments of OAO MN is submitted to the OE for approval by the chief engineer of OAO MN, who approves it by the 25th and returns it to the OE for sending to the departments of OAO MN in areas of activity and to the RNU, within a day from the date of approval niya.

2.6.3. Within a day from the date of receipt of the approved table from OAO MN, the RNU operation department sends the approved table with a cover letter according to service limits NP S, LPDS.

2.7. Entering the standard values ​​indicated in the table,approved by the chief engineer of OAO MN, is made by a responsible person with a record of the executor's name in the operational log, within a day after approval:

- at the PS as the head of the ACS section. The head of the PS is responsible for the compliance of the entered data. The table of regulatory and technological parameters is entered into the workstation of the PS automation system (according to paragraphs 1-14 tab. ) in the operator NPS, where the work log is stored with records of the adjustments made;

- in the SDKU of the RNU level by an employee of the IT department or APCS of the RNU by an appointed order. The table of regulatory and technological parameters is entered into SDKU RNU (UMN) from the workstation of the SDKU RNU administrator (according to paragraphs 15-27 tab. ), a working log with records of the adjustments made is stored in the control room of the RNU. Responsibility for compliance with the entered normative values ​​lies with the head of the IT department (APCS) of the RNU;

- the responsibility for compliance with the introduced normative values ​​at all levels is borne by the head of the IT department (APCS) of OAO MN.

2.8. The basis for making changes to the normative values ​​and indicators in the SDKU system is the cancellation of existing and the introduction of new documents, the change in the full name of those responsible for providing and changing data, changes in technological maps, operating modes of oil pipelines, tanks, pumping station equipment, in PTE MN, Regulations, RD and etc.

Changes are made by the OE on the basis of memos from the relevant departments and services in the areas of activity addressed to the chief engineer of the JSC. Within a day, the OE draws up in accordance with paragraph. of this regulation addition to the table.. After the approval of the addendum, the OE are brought to all interested departments, services and structural divisions in accordance with paragraph.P . and this regulation.

2.9. At least once per shift operatorsNP With dispatching services of the RNU check the compliance of the actual parameters of the equipment operation with the normative values ​​of the table displayed on the AWP screen.

2.10. When a light and sound signal is received about the discrepancy between the actual operating parameters of the MN, PS, the regulatory information is automatically entered into the archive of emergency messagessch of the “Regulatory and technological parameters of the operation of oil and gas pumping stations”.

The electronic archive must meet the following requirements:

- data storage periodTo U for RNU - 3 months, for OJSC - 1 month;

- to prevent unauthorized access of unauthorized persons to the archive of emergency messages, the differentiation of rights and control of access to the archive of emergency messages by means of SDKU should be implemented;

- in the archive of emergency messages, it should be possible to select messages by type, time of occurrence, content;

- by means of SDKU to ensure the output of archival messages for printing.

Special requirements - the electronic archive must contain service information about the state of the software and hardware, identified by the results of the system self-diagnostics.

2.11. The actions of the on-duty operational personnel of the PS, RNU (UMN ), OJSC upon receipt of a light or sound signal about deviations of the actual parameters of the equipment from the normative ones.

2 .11.one. Upon receipt of a light or sound signal about deviations of the actual parameters of the equipment operation from the normative ones, the pumping station operator is obliged to:

- take steps to ensure normal operation NPS;

- report the incident to the chief specialists of the NPS (services of the chief mechanic - according to paragraphs 1-3, 6 -11, services of the chief power engineer - according to.P. 4, 5, 12 -14, 17, 19, L ES - 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, ACS section - according to p.p. 20, 21, 22-27, the security service - according to paragraphs. 15, 6, 19-21), the head of the pumping station and the RNU dispatcher (UMN) - for all items in the table;

- make a record of what happened in the work log and the log "Control of events and measures taken ..." (form - Table);

- report to the RNU dispatcher on the reasons for the deviation and the measures taken based on the report of the chief specialists of the pumping station.

2. 11.2. Upon receipt of a message from the operator of the PS about the deviation of the actual parameters of the equipment from the normative, light or sound signal at the workstation of the SDKU, the RNU dispatcher is obliged to:

- report to the chief specialists of the RNU to find out the reasons (OGM - according to paragraphs 1-3, 6 -11, OGE - according to p.p. 4, 5, 12 -1 4, 17, 19, OE - 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, OASU - according to p.p. 20, 21, Metrology - according to p. 22, TTO - according to p.p. 15, 24-27, the security service - according to paragraphs. 15, 16, 19-21), the chief engineer of the RNU and the dispatcher of the JSC - for all items of the Table;

- make a record of what happened in the work log, in the daily dispatch list and the log of "Event control and measures taken ..." (form - Table);

- report to the dispatcher of the JSC on the reasons for the deviation and the measures taken based on the report of the chief specialists of the RNU.

2. 11.3. Upon receipt of a message from the RNU dispatcher, a light or sound signal at the SDKU workstation about deviations in the actual parameters of the equipment operation from the normative ones, the OJSC dispatcher is obliged to:

- take measures to ensure the normal operation of the oil pipeline;

- report to the chief specialists of the OJSC to find out the reasons (OGM - according to paragraphs 1-3, 6 -11, OGE - according to p.p. 4, 5, 12-14, 17, 19, OE - 16, 18, 20, 21, OASU - according to p.p. 20, 21, Metrology - according to paragraph 22, TTO - according to paragraphs. 26-27, STR - according to item 15), to the chief engineer of JSC - for all items of the table;

- make a record of what happened in the work log, in the daily dispatch sheet and the log "Event control and measures taken ..." (form - Table).

2.12. Actions of the chief specialists of the PS, RNU (UMN) and OAO MN upon receipt of a message about the deviation of the actual operating parameters of the equipment, MN from the standard parameters:

- chief specialistsNP C are obliged to take measures to clarify the circumstances that led to the deviation of the parameters from the normative ones, eliminate the reasons for the deviation and report to the head of the pumping station, the operator;

- the chief specialists of the RNU are obliged to - find out the circumstances that led to the deviation of the parameters from the normative ones, take measures to eliminate the causes of the deviation and report to the chief engineer of the RNU, the RNU dispatcher;

- the main specialists of the JSC are obliged to - find out the circumstances that led to the deviation of the parameters from the normative ones, take measures to eliminate the causes of the deviation and report to the chief engineer of the JSC, the dispatcher of the JSC.

2 .13. In addition to those indicated in tab. persons e normative and technological parameters, the operator of the PS, the dispatch service of the RNU, OAO MN controls the operation of the equipment of the PS, reservoir s x parks, oil pipelines and all the parameters of the work of oil pipelines and pump stations specified in the technological maps, regulations, tables of settings and instructions.

Accepted abbreviations

AChR - automatic frequency unloading

IL - measuring line

KP - checkpoint

checkpoint SOD - chamber for receiving the launch of cleaning and diagnostic tools

power transmission line

MA - main unit

MN - main oil pipeline

NB- tank farm

LP DS - linear production and dispatching station

NPS - oil pumping station

PA - booster unit

P To U - point of control and management

RD - pressure regulator

RNU - Regional Oil Pipeline Administration

ACS - automatic control system

LDS - leak detection system

TM- telemechanics

FGU-filter-dirt trap

EXPLANATIONS FOR COMPLETING THE TABLE

The full name of the person responsible for providing and changing data and the full name of the person responsible for entering data into the SDKU system must be filled in the table.

All standard parameters are entered manually.

NPS section

In paragraph "The value of the maximum allowable pressure passing through the PS" in the column "max" indicates the value of the maximum allowable pressure passing through the stopped PS, through the chamber for passing or starting-receiving treatment devices based on the bearing capacity of the pipeline at the receiving part of the PS.

Input

Control carried out by means of the automation system of the PS and SDKU (independently disconnected or connected PS to the oil pipeline).

In the paragraph, the value of pressure deviations at the intake and at the outlet of the PS is set, which determines the boundaries (range) of pressures characterizing the normal operation of the oil pipeline in the steady state. It is introduced at the PS by the operator after 10 minutes of oil pipeline operation in steady state.

Input current actual parameters is carried out automatically by means of automation and telemechanics of the PS.

Control parameter is carried out automatically by the NPS automation system, through T M by means of SDKU.

The steady state operation of the oil pipeline is the operation mode of the oil pipeline, in which the specified performance is ensured, all the necessary starts and stops of the pumping station are completed and there are no changes (fluctuations) in pressure for 10 minutes.

In p .P . and the magnitude of the pressure deviation from the steady-state pressure at the outlet and intake of the PS is indicated. The upper limit of the pressure at the outlet of the NPS is set to 2 kgf / cm 2 more than the established working pressure, but not more than the maximum allowable specified in technological map. The lower pressure limit at the intake of the NPS is set to 0.5 kgf/cm 2 less than the steady state b some pressure, but not less than the minimum allowable pressure specified in the technological map. Similarly, the boundary of the maximum pressure at the intake of the PS and minimum pressure at the exit of the NPS.

The paragraph indicates the maximum and minimum allowable pressure drop across the dirt filters, according to RD 153-39 TM 008-96.

AT waters carried out automatically by the PS automation system.

Control carried out by means of the PS and SD automation system To U.

The paragraph indicates the rated load of the electric motor MA according to the passport.

Input carried out automatically by the PS automation system.

Control

The paragraph indicates the nominal load of the electric motor PA according to the passport.

Input

Control is carried out by means of the PS and SDKU automation system.

The paragraph indicates the maximum allowable vibration of the main pump, the response threshold (setpoint) of the aggregate protection in accordance with RD 153-39 TM 008-96.

Input current actual parameters is carried out automatically by the automation system of the PS.

Control is carried out by means of the PS and SDKU automation system.

The paragraph indicates the maximum allowable vibration of the booster pump, the response threshold (setpoint) of the aggregate protection in accordance with RD 153-39 TM 008-96.

Input current actual parameters is carried out automatically by the automation system of the PS.

Control is carried out by means of the PS and SDKU automation system.

One maximum vibration value of the booster pump is transmitted through the TM for control by means of SDKU.

The paragraph indicates the operating time of the main unit in accordance with RD 153-39 TM 008-96.

Input current actual parameters is carried out automatically according to the operational data of SDKU.

Control for this normative parameter is carried out by means of SDKU. The actual operating time should not exceed the normative indicator.

The paragraph indicates the maximum allowable continuous operating time MA d about the transition to a reserve 600 hours in accordance with the Regulations "Ensuring the shift of operating and in reserve main units NPS".

The paragraph indicates the operating time of MA before overhaul in accordance with RD 153-39 TM 008-96.

The paragraph indicates similar paragraph parameters for PA in accordance with RD 153-39 TM 008-96.

In p.p. and the standard number of the main and retaining units of the PS in the ATS state, respectively, is indicated, but not less than 1 unit MA and PA.

Input current actual parameters is carried out automatically by the automation system of the PS.

Control carried out by means of the PS and SD automation system To U.

The item indicates the position of the input and section switches.

The paragraph indicates the normative indicator of the position of the input switches ON.

The clause indicates the standard indicator for the position of the sectional switches OFF.

Input current actual parameters is carried out automatically by the automation system of the PS.

Control is carried out by means of the PS and SDKU automation system.

The paragraph indicates the disappearance of voltage on the tires 6-10 kV.

Input current actual parameters is carried out automatically by the automation system of the PS.

Control is carried out by means of the PS and SDKU automation system.

The paragraph indicates the number of shutdownsMA and PA on activation of protection A CR.

Input current actual parameters is carried out automatically by the automation system of the PS.

Control is carried out by means of the PS and SDKU automation system.

Section Linear part

The paragraph indicates the value of the maximum allowable pressure at each gearbox at the maximum operating mode of the oil pipeline. It is calculated for each KP based on the operating modes of the oil pipeline approved by OAO MN.

Input current actual parameters is carried out by means of TM.

Control carried out by means of SD To U.

The item indicates the standard value of pressure on KP underwater crossing. It is determined according to the Regulations for the technical operation of MN crossings through water barriers.

Input

Control

The paragraph indicates the value of the maximum and minimum protective potential at the gearbox, the standard is determined according to GOST R 51164-98.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically via the TM.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The paragraph indicates the maximum allowable level in the tank for collecting leaks at the KPPSOD, which is no more than 30% of the maximum volume of the tank.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically via the TM.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The paragraph indicates the presence or absence of voltage on the along-route LEP , CP power supply. Standard indicator "presence" of PKU supply voltage.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically via the TM.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The paragraph indicates unauthorized access (opening the doors of a second-hand PKU without an application and a message to the RNU dispatcher). Standard indicator 0.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically via the TM.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The item indicates the standard indicator "closed" 3 or "open" O, with a spontaneous change in the position of the valves on the linear part, a signal of deviation from the standard parameter occurs. Standard indicator 0.

Input the current actual parameters are carried out automatically via the TM.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

ChapterUUN

The item displays the actual instantaneous flow rate for IL in real time in the view mode.

Input current actual parameters is carried out automatically by means of T M with UUN in real time.

Control carried out through TM by means of SD To U.

The paragraph indicates the water content in the oil.

Input current actual parameters at l Other possibilities are carried out automatically about BKK data means T M silt and manually every 12 hours.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The paragraph indicates the maximum allowable density of oil.

Input QC using TM or manually every 12 hours.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The clause indicates the maximum allowable oil viscosity.

Input the current actual parameters, if possible, is carried out automatically according to the BPC by means of TM or in manual mode every 12 hours.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The paragraph indicates the maximum allowable sulfur content in oil.

Input current actual parameters, if possible, is carried out automatically according to data B To By means of TM or in manual mode every 12 hours.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The clause indicates the maximum allowable content of chloride salts according to chemical data. analysis.

Input controlled parameter is carried out in manual mode every 12 hours.

Control carried out by means of SDKU.

The vibration of pumping units is mainly low- and medium-frequency of hydroaerodynamic origin. The vibration level, according to the survey data of some PSs, exceeds the sanitary standards by 1-5.9 times (Table 29).

When vibration propagates through the structural elements of the units, when the natural vibration frequencies of individual parts turn out to be close and equal to the frequencies of the main current or its harmonics, resonant oscillations occur r threatening the integrity of some components and parts, in particular, the angular contact rolling bearing and oil pipelines of thrust bearings. One of the means of reducing vibration is to increase the losses due to inelastic resistance, i.e., applying to the pump and motor casing

Unit brand

24ND-14X1 NM7000-210

ATD-2500/AZP-2000

AZP-2500/6000

Note. Rotation speed 3000 rpm.

Anti-vibration coating, for example ShVIM-18 mastic. The source of low-frequency mechanical vibration of units on the foundation is the imbalance force and the misalignment of the pump and motor shafts, the frequency of which is a multiple of the shaft rotational speed divided by 60. Vibration caused by misalignment of the shafts leads to increased loads on the shafts and plain bearings, their heating and destruction, loosening of machines on the foundation, cutting anchor bolts, and in some cases - to a violation of the explosion permeability of the electric motor. To reduce the vibration amplitudes of the shafts and increase the standard overhaul period of babbitt plain bearings up to 7000 motor-hours, the PS uses calibrated steel gasket sheets installed in the sockets of the bearing caps to select the wear gap.

The reduction of mechanical vibration is achieved by careful balancing and alignment of the shafts, timely replacement of worn parts and elimination of limiting clearances in bearings.

The cooling system must ensure that the temperature of the bearings does not exceed 60 °C. If the stuffing box becomes too hot, the pump should be stopped several times and immediately started to allow oil to seep through the packing. The absence of oil indicates that the stuffing box is packed too tightly and should be loosened. When a knock occurs, the pump is stopped to find out the cause of this phenomenon: they check the lubrication, oil filters. If the pressure loss in the system exceeds 0.1 MPa, the filter is cleaned.

Heating of the bearings, loss of lubrication, excessive vibration or abnormal noise indicate a problem with the pump unit. It must be stopped immediately to correct the detected problems. To stop one of the pumping units, close the valve on the discharge line and the valve on the hydraulic discharge line, then turn on the engine. After the pump has cooled, close all the valves of the pipelines supplying oil and water, and the valves at the pressure gauges. When the pump is stopped for a long time, to prevent corrosion, the impeller, sealing rings, shaft protection sleeves, bushings and all parts that come into contact with the pumped liquid should be lubricated, and the gland packing should be removed.

During the operation of pumping units, various malfunctions are possible, which can be caused by various reasons. Let's consider malfunctions of pumps and ways to eliminate them.

1. The pump cannot be started:

the pump shaft, connected by a gear coupling to the motor shaft, does not rotate - manually check the rotation! of the pump hall and the motor separately, the correct assembly of the gear coupling; if the shafts rotate separately, ta.216

check the centering of the unit; check the operation of the pump and wires when they are connected through a turbo transmission or gearbox;

the pump shaft, disconnected from the motor shaft, does not turn or rotates tightly due to the ingress of foreign objects into the pump, breakage of its moving parts and seals, jamming in the sealing rings - inspect, sequentially eliminating the detected mechanical damage.

2. The pump is started, but does not deliver liquid or after starting
submission is terminated:

the suction capacity of the pump is insufficient, since there is air in the intake pipeline due to incomplete filling of the pump with liquid or due to leaks in the suction pipeline, stuffing boxes - repeat filling, eliminate leaks;

incorrect rotation of the pump shaft - ensure the correct rotation of the rotor;

the actual suction height is greater than the permissible one, due to the mismatch of the viscosity, temperature or partial vapor pressure of the pumped liquid with the design parameters of the installation - provide the necessary backwater.

3. The pump consumes more power during start-up: ■
gate valve open pressure pipeline- close

gate valve during start-up;

impellers installed incorrectly - eliminate incorrect assembly;

seizing occurs in the sealing rings due to large clearances in the bearings or as a result of the displacement of the rotor - check the rotation of the rotor by hand; if the rotor turns hard, remove the jam;

the tube of the loading device is clogged - inspect and: clean the pipeline of the unloading device;

A fuse blows in one of the phases of the electric motor - replace the fuse.

4. The pump does not generate the calculated head:

the speed of the pump shaft is reduced - change the speed, check the engine and troubleshoot;

damaged or worn sealing rings of the impeller, leading edges of the impeller blades - replace the impeller and damaged parts;

hydraulic resistance the discharge pipeline is less than the calculated one due to a rupture of the pipeline, excessive opening of the valve on the discharge or bypass line - check the supply; if it has increased, then close the valve on the bypass line or cover it on the discharge line; eliminate various leaks in the discharge pipeline;

The density of the pumped liquid is less than the calculated one, the content of air or gases in the liquid is increased - check the density of the liquid and the tightness of the suction pipeline, stuffing boxes;

cavitation is observed in the suction pipeline or working parts of the pump - check the actual cavitation reserve of specific energy; at an underestimated value, eliminate the possibility of the appearance of a cavitation regime.

5. Pump flow less than calculated:

the rotation speed is less than the nominal one - change the rotation speed, check the engine and eliminate malfunctions;

the suction lift is greater than the permissible one, as a result of which the pump operates in cavitation mode - perform the work specified in paragraph 2;

the formation of funnels on the suction pipeline, not deep enough immersed in the liquid, as a result of which air enters with the liquid - install a cut-off valve to eliminate the funnel, increase the liquid level above the inlet of the suction pipeline;

increase in resistance in the pressure pipeline, as a result of which the pump discharge pressure exceeds the calculated one - fully open the valve on the discharge line, check all valves of the manifold system, linear valves, clean the clogs;

damaged or clogged impeller; increased gaps in the sealing rings of the labyrinth seal due to their wear - clean the impeller, replace worn and damaged parts;

Air enters through leaks in the suction pipeline or stuffing box - check the tightness of the pipeline, stretch or change the packing of the stuffing box.

6. Increased power consumption:

pump flow higher than calculated, head less due to opening of the valve on the bypass line, rupture of the pipeline or excessive opening of the valve on the discharge pipeline - close the valve on the bypass line, check the tightness pipeline system or close the valve on the pressure pipeline;

damaged pump (worn impellers, O-rings, labyrinth seals) or motor - check pump and motor, repair damage.

7. Increased vibration and pump noise:

bearings are displaced due to the weakening of their fastening; worn bearings - check the shaft laying and the clearances in the bearings; in case of deviation, bring the size of the gaps to the permissible value;

the fastenings of the suction and discharge pipelines, foundation bolts and valves are loosened - check the fastening of the nodes and eliminate the shortcomings; 218

ingress of foreign objects into the flow part - clean the flow part;

pump or motor out of balance due to bent shafts, misalignment or eccentric installation coupling- check the alignment of the shafts and couplings, eliminate damage;

increased wear and play in check valves and valves on the discharge pipeline - eliminate backlash;

the rotor balance is broken as a result of impeller clogging - clean the impeller and balance the rotor;

the pump operates in cavitation mode - reduce the flow by closing the valve on the discharge line, seal the connections in the suction pipeline, increase the back pressure, reduce the resistance in the suction pipeline.

8. Increased temperature of oil seals and bearings:

heating of the glands due to excessive and uneven tightening, small radial clearance between the pressure sleeve and the shaft, installation of the sleeve with a warp, jamming or distortion of the gland lantern, insufficient supply of sealing fluid - loosen the seals; if this does not give an effect, then disassemble and eliminate installation defects, replace the packing; increase the supply of sealing fluid;

bearing heating due to poor oil circulation in compulsory system lubrication of bearings, lack of rotation of rings in bearings with ring lubrication, oil leakage and contamination - check the pressure in the lubrication system, the operation of the oil pump and eliminate the defect; ensure the tightness of the oil bath and pipeline, change the oil;

heating of the bearings due to improper installation (small clearances between the bushing and the shaft), wear of the bearings, increased tightening of the support rings, small gaps between the washer and the rings in the thrust bearings, scuffing of the thrust or thrust bearing or melting of the babbitt - check and eliminate defects; clean the burrs or replace the bearing.

Piston compressors. Parts where the most dangerous defects are possible include shafts, connecting rods, crossheads, rods, cylinder heads, crank pins, bolts and studs. The zones in which the maximum concentration of stresses is observed are threads, fillets, mating surfaces, pressings, necks and cheeks of columnar shafts, keyways.

During operation of the frame (bed) and guides, the deformation of their elements is checked. Vertical movements greater than 0.2 mm are a sign that the compressor is not working. Cracks are detected on the surface of the frame and their development is controlled.

The fit to the foundation of the frame, as well as any of the guides fixed on the foundation, must be at least G) 0% of the perimeter of their common joint. At least once a year, the horizontal position of the frame is checked (the deviation of the frame plane in any direction over a length of 1 m should not exceed 2 mm). On the sliding surfaces of the guides there should be no scratches, dents, nicks with a depth of more than 0.3 mm. For the crankshaft during operation, the temperature of its sections operating in the friction mode is controlled. It must not exceed the values ​​specified in the operating instructions.

For connecting rod bolts, their tightening, the state of the locking device and the surface of the bolt are controlled. The signs of bolt inoperability are as follows: the presence of cracks on the surface, in the body or thread of the bolt, corrosion in the fitting part of the bolt, stripping or crushing of the threads. The total contact area should be at least 50 ° / about the area of ​​​​the support belt. have breaks exceeding 25% of the circumference If the residual elongation of the bolt exceeds 0.2% of its original length, the bolt is rejected.

For the crosshead, the condition of the elements of its connection with the rod, as well as the pin, is checked, the gaps between the upper guide and the crosshead shoe are checked. During operation, attention is paid to the condition of the outer surface of the cylinder, the sealing of the oil lines of the indicator plugs, and the flange connections of the water cooling system. Fistulas and omissions of gas, water, oil in the body or flange connections are unacceptable. The water temperature at the outlet of the water jackets and cylinder heads must not exceed the values ​​given in the operating instructions.

For pistons, the condition of the surface is subject to control (including the condition and thickness of the bearing surface of the sliding type piston), as well as the fixation of the piston on the rod and plugs (for cast pistons) of the pressure stage. Signs of piston rejection are as follows: scoring in the form of grooves on an area constituting more than 10% of the casting surface, the presence of areas with lagged, melted or crumbled babbit, as well as cracks with a closed contour. The radial crack in the pour layer should not decrease to 60% of the original. Violations of the fixation of the piston nut for the plugs of cast pistons, piston play on the rod, leakage of the surface of the welds, separation of the piston bottom from the stiffeners are not allowed.

For rods, before taking the compressor out for repair, they control the beating of the rod within the stage piston, the state of the rod surface; scoring or traces of enveloping of the metal of the sealing elements on the surface of the rod are detected. No cracks on surface, threads or 220

stem fillets, deformation, thread breakage or collapse. During operation, the tightness of the stem seal, which is not equipped and equipped with a leak removal system, is checked. Rod seals tightness indicator - gas content in the controlled places of the compressor and the room, which should not exceed the values ​​allowed by the current standards.

Check the condition of the stem seal annually during repairs. Cracks on the element or its breakage are unacceptable. The wear of the sealing element should be no more than 30% of its nominal radial thickness, and the gap between the stem and the protective ring of the stem seal with non-metallic sealing elements should not exceed 0.1 mm.

During operation, the performance of piston rings is monitored according to regulated pressures and temperatures of the compressible medium. There should be no increase in noise or knocking in the cylinders in the cylinders. Seizure of the sliding surface of the rings must be less than 10% of the circumference. If the radial wear of the ring in any of its sections exceeds 30% of the original thickness, the ring is discarded.

The signs of valve inoperability are as follows: abnormal knocking in the valve cavities, deviations in pressure and temperature of the compressible medium from the regulated ones. When monitoring the condition of the valves, the integrity of the plates, springs and the presence of cracks in the valve elements are checked. The area of ​​the valve flow section as a result of contamination should not decrease by more than 30% of the original, and the density should not be below the established norms.

Piston pumps. Cylinders and their liners may have the following defects: wear of the working surface as a result of friction, corrosion and erosion wear, cracks, scoring. The amount of cylinder wear is determined after the piston (plunger) is removed by measuring the bore diameter in the vertical and horizontal planes along three sections (middle and two extreme) using a micrometric pin.

On the working surface of the piston, scuffing, nicks, burrs and torn edges are unacceptable. The maximum allowable wear of the piston is (0.008-0.011) G> n, where About l- minimum piston diameter. If cracks are found on the surface of the piston rings, significant and uneven wear, ellipse, loss of elasticity of the rings, they must be replaced with new ones.

The rejection gaps of the piston rings of the pump are determined as follows: the smallest gap in the ring lock in the free state D "(0.06 ^ -0.08) B; the largest gap in the lock of the ring in working condition L \u003d k (0.015-^0.03) D where O is the minimum diameter of the cylinder.

Permissible radial warping for rings with a diameter of up to 150, 150-400, over 400 mm is, respectively, no more than 0.06-0.07; 0.08-0.09; 0.1-0.11 mm.

The rejection gap between the rings and the walls of the piston grooves is calculated according to the following ratios: L t y = = 0.003 /g; A t ah \u003d (0.008-4-9.01) to, where to- nominal height of the rings.

Upon detection of scratches with a depth of 0.5 mm, ellipsoidality of 0.15-0.2 mm, the rods and plungers are machined. The stem can be machined to a depth of no more than 2 mm.

The misalignment of the cylinder and the rod guide is allowed within 0.01 mm. If the runout of the rod exceeds 0.1 mm, then the rod is machined for 7 g of the runout value or corrected.

Development of recommendations for reducing the impact of vibration on the body of a fitter of the 5th category of technological installations of the LPDS Perm OJSC North-Western Oil Lines

As mentioned above, on the main oil pipeline, production workers are exposed to many harmful and dangerous factors. In this section, the most harmful factor of the head oil pumping station, which adversely affects the body, will be considered - vibration.

When working in vibration conditions, labor productivity decreases, and the number of injuries increases. At some workplaces, vibrations exceed the normalized values, and in some cases they are close to the limit. Usually, low-frequency vibrations that negatively affect the body predominate in the vibration spectrum. Some types of vibration adversely affect the nervous and cardiovascular systems, the vestibular apparatus. The most harmful effect on the human body is exerted by vibration, the frequency of which coincides with the frequency of natural oscillations of individual organs.

Industrial vibration, characterized by a significant amplitude and duration of action, causes irritability, insomnia, headache, aching pains in the hands of people dealing with a vibrating instrument. With prolonged exposure to vibration, the bone tissue is rebuilt: on radiographs, you can see stripes that look like traces of a fracture - areas of greatest stress, where the bone tissue softens. The permeability of small blood vessels increases, the nervous regulation is disturbed, the sensitivity of the skin changes. When working with a manual mechanized tool, acroasphyxia (a symptom of dead fingers) may occur - loss of sensitivity, whitening of fingers, hands. When exposed to general vibration, changes from the side of the central nervous system: dizziness, tinnitus, memory impairment, impaired coordination of movements, vestibular disorders, weight loss appear.

Vibration control methods are based on the analysis of equations describing vibrations of machines and units in working conditions. These equations are complicated because any kind technological equipment(as well as its individual structural elements) is a system with many degrees of mobility and has a number of resonant frequencies.

where m is the mass of the system;

q - system stiffness coefficient;

X - current value of vibration displacement;

Current value of vibration velocity;

Current value of vibration acceleration;

The amplitude of the driving force;

Angular frequency of the driving force.

The general solution of this equation contains two terms: the first term corresponds to the free oscillations of the system, which in this case are damped due to the presence of friction in the system; the second - corresponds to forced vibrations. The main role is forced oscillations.

Expressing the vibration displacement in a complex form and substituting the corresponding values ​​and into formula (5.1), we find expressions for the relationship between the amplitudes of the vibration velocity and the driving force:

The denominator of the expression characterizes the resistance that the system provides to the driving variable force, and is called the total mechanical impedance of the oscillatory system. The value is active, and the value is the reactive part of this resistance. The latter consists of two resistances - elastic and inertial -.

The reactance is zero at resonance, which corresponds to the frequency

In this case, the system resists the driving force only due to active losses in the system. The amplitude of oscillations in this mode increases sharply.

Thus, from the analysis of the equations of forced vibrations of a system with one degree of freedom, it follows that the main methods for combating vibrations of machines and equipment are:

1. Reducing the vibration activity of machines: achieved by changing technological process, the use of machines with such kinematic schemes, in which dynamic processes, caused by shocks, accelerations, etc., would be excluded or reduced to the maximum.

replacement of riveting by welding;

· dynamic and static balancing of mechanisms;

lubrication and cleanliness of the processing of interacting surfaces;

the use of kinematic gearings of reduced vibration activity, for example, chevron and helical gears instead of spur gears;

replacement of rolling bearings with plain bearings;

Use of structural materials with increased internal friction.

2. Detuning from resonant frequencies: consists in changing the operating modes of the machine and, accordingly, the frequency of the disturbing vibration force; natural vibration frequency of the machine by changing the stiffness of the system.

installation of stiffeners or changing the mass of the system by attaching additional masses to the machine.

3. Vibration damping: a method of reducing vibration by strengthening friction processes in the structure that dissipate vibrational energy as a result of its irreversible conversion into heat during deformations that occur in the materials from which the structure is made.

deposition on vibrating surfaces of a layer of elastic-viscous materials with heavy losses on internal friction: soft coatings (rubber, polystyrene PVC-9, VD17-59 mastic, Anti-Vibrit mastic) and hard coatings (sheet plastics, stekloizol, hydroizol, aluminum sheets);

the use of surface friction (for example, plates adjacent to each other, like springs);

installation of special dampers.

4. Vibration isolation: reducing the transmission of vibrations from the source to the protected object with the help of devices placed between them. The effectiveness of vibration isolators is estimated by the transmission coefficient KP, equal to the ratio of the vibration displacement amplitude, vibration velocity, vibration acceleration of the protected object, or the force acting on it to the corresponding parameter of the vibration source. Vibration isolation only reduces vibration when the gearbox< 1. Чем меньше КП, тем эффективнее виброизоляция.

· the use of anti-vibration supports such as elastic pads, springs, or combinations thereof.

5. Vibration damping - an increase in the mass of the system. Vibration damping is most effective at medium and high vibration frequencies. This method has been found wide application when installing heavy equipment (hammers, presses, fans, pumps, etc.).

installation of units on a massive foundation.

6. Personal protective equipment.

Since the methods collective defense it is irrational to use due to their high cost (for this it is necessary to completely revise the plans for modernizing the equipment of the enterprise), then in this section we will consider and carry out calculations on the use of personal protective equipment to reduce the effect of vibrations on the body production staff serving pumping systems main oil pumping station.

As a means of protection against vibration during work, we will choose anti-vibration gloves and special shoes.

Thus, to reduce the impact of vibration, the worker must use the following personal protective equipment:

Distinctive characteristics: unique vibration-protective gloves from the widest range of low-frequency and high-frequency vibrations. Cuffs: driver's leggings with Velcro. Special resistance to abrasion, tearing. Oil and petrol repellent. Excellent dry and wet (oiled) grip. Antistatic. Antibacterial treatment. Lining: filler "Gelform". Vibration reduction as a percentage up to safe level(removal of vibration syndrome of the hand-forearm system): low-frequency vibrations from 8 to 31.5 Hz - by 83%, medium-frequency vibrations from 31.5 to 200 Hz - by 74%, high-frequency vibrations from 200 to 1000 Hz - by 38%. Operation at temperatures from +40°С to -20°С. GOST 12.4.002-97, GOST 12.4.124-83. Model 7-112

Coating material: butadiene rubber (nitrile). Length: 240 mm

Sizes: 10, 11. Price - 610.0 rubles per pair.

Anti-vibration ankle boots have a multi-layered rubber sole. Such, for example, as Boots RANK CLASSIC, which are recommended for oil and gas enterprises and industries where aggressive substances are used. The upper is made of high quality natural water-repellent leather. Wear-resistant MBS, KShchS sole. Goodyear sole attachment method. Side loops for easy donning. A metal toe cap with an impact strength of 200 J protects the foot from impacts and pressure. Reflective elements on the shaft visually indicate the presence of a person when working in conditions of poor visibility or at night. GOST 12.4.137-84, GOST 28507-90, EN ISO 20345:2004. Upper material: genuine grain leather, VO. Sole: monolithic multi-layered rubber. Price - 3800.0 per pair.

Thus, using these personal protective equipment, it is possible to reduce the impact of vibration on the worker's body. If 4 pairs of gloves and one pair of anti-vibration boots are issued for one year, then the enterprise will additionally spend approximately 2,000.0 rubles per employee per month. These expenses can be considered economically justified, since they are the prevention of occupational diseases. Such as, for example, vibration disease, which is the reason for putting an employee on disability.

In addition, it is also rational to observe the working hours. Thus, the duration of work with vibrating equipment should not exceed 2/3 work shift. Operations are distributed among workers so that the duration of the continuous action of vibration, including micropauses, does not exceed 15 ... 20 minutes. It is recommended to take breaks for 20 minutes 1-2 hours after the start of the shift and for 30 minutes 2 hours after lunch.

During breaks, a special set of gymnastic exercises and hydroprocedures should be performed - baths at a water temperature of 38 ° C, as well as self-massage of the limbs.

If the vibration of the machine exceeds the permissible value, then the contact time of the person working with this machine is limited.

For increase protective properties body, working capacity and labor activity, special complexes of industrial gymnastics, vitamin prophylaxis (twice a year a complex of vitamins C, B, nicotinic acid), special nutrition should be used.

Comprehensively applying the above methods, it is possible to reduce the influence of such a harmful factor as vibration and prevent its transition from the category of harmful to the category of dangerous factors.

Conclusions on the fifth section

Thus, in this section, the working conditions of a fitter of the 5th category of technological installations of the LPDS "Perm" OJSC "North-Western Oil Lines" are considered.

The most dangerous and harmful factors at this workplace are: noise, vibration, evaporation of oil products, the possibility of infection with encephalitis and borreliosis in the spring and summer. The most dangerous of these is the impact of vibration. In this regard, recommendations were implemented aimed at eliminating the negative impact of this factor. To do this, it is rational to provide the working staff with personal protective equipment in the amount (per person) of 4 pairs of anti-vibration gloves and one pair of anti-vibration boots for a period of 12 months, which will reduce the influence of this factor several times.