Air heating of the industrial premises. Heating production facilities is a necessary condition for protecting the health of workers and the safety of equipment. The main advantages of air heating systems

In the cold season, the interior of industrial buildings of any size needs to maintain a normal temperature. For heating industrial premises, several types of heating systems are usually used. Each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Which option to choose will depend on the object, its area and purpose.

Due to the harsh climate of Russia during the cold seasons, production facilities must be heated, maintaining them. To create normal conditions will have to make a lot of effort. This is due to the large size of the buildings, the performance of certain works and the technological equipment placed in them. All these factors complicate the task of installing a heating system.

Despite such difficulties, heating of industrial premises is still provided. The heating system in such buildings performs several important functions:

• creates comfortable working conditions for the staff;
• serves to protect equipment from temperature extremes, preventing its hypothermia;
• comfortable microclimate in the warehouse of products.

Heating and cooling of high rooms. Hoval Air-Injector

The areas of industrial buildings vary in size and range from tens to several thousand square meters. Such buildings usually have very high ceilings, and the working area that needs heating is small. Unlike residential buildings and apartments, industrial heating has its own characteristics.

Equipment for heating industrial premises should be as efficient as possible. The zone of its location in the building does not matter regarding aesthetics. There are buildings in which it is necessary to heat a certain area, but there are also those where it is necessary to heat the entire area. Consideration of heat losses is of great importance. The heating system is selected depending on the type and purpose of the room.

When performing calculations for autonomous heating of industrial premises and enterprises, it must be taken into account that a constant temperature must be maintained in them without sudden jumps. In some places there is a need to create separate zones with different levels of heat. When calculating a particular type of system, one must rely on the following criteria:

All these factors will help determine the need for thermal energy for industrial and industrial buildings. To calculate heating systems, you must use a special table. It is also necessary to take into account the specifics of production, the availability of fuel, its cost, and heat engineering calculations.

Several heating systems for industrial buildings are now offered. The most effective are:

• steam;
• water;
• air;
• electrical.

Heating large rooms

When choosing any of these options, you need to focus on the dimensions of the building, ease of installation and the availability of repairs if necessary. It is also important to calculate the amount of thermal energy that will be spent to maintain a certain temperature regime.

All of the above types of heating have their advantages and disadvantages. When choosing a project, technological processes must be taken into account. People working in the workshops will not be able to stay indoors if the temperature in it drops below 10 ° C. Warehouses usually store finished products. Its quality may suffer from temperature changes, so it needs to create a certain microclimate.

Heating with steam is different in that it cannot be installed in rooms where there are emissions of combustible gases, aerosols or a constant source of dust. For example, in the production of paving slabs, such a heating system is not suitable. For other businesses, steam heating has its advantages. This is, for example, a high temperature, which is kept constantly. It is able to warm up the room very quickly, but the building also cools down quickly. To maintain heat, the number of floors in the building does not matter. This type can be called ideal for periodic heating.

In addition to the positive aspects, steam heating has its drawbacks. The equipment makes a lot of noise during operation. The second disadvantage is that it is very difficult to regulate heat transfer and the amount of steam. The cost of the heating season will depend on the frequency of use and the type of fuel.

In heating with hot water, the main component is the boiler. It tends to work on many types of energy carriers:

• electricity;
• liquid or solid fuel;
• combined view;

The most economical fuel option is gas and coal. Other types of consumption will cost more, which is less beneficial for heating industrial buildings.

Water heating has its own characteristics. It is released under high pressure, when using it, it is possible to maintain the required temperature level so that the structure does not freeze through. If during operation the temperature mark drops to 0 ° C, then the installation may fail. When the heating equipment is not in use, antifreeze must be added.

The main advantage of such a system is fast heating. However, besides this plus, there are many disadvantages. For example, with high ceilings in industrial buildings, hot air will rise to the top, while cold air will remain at the bottom. With such heating, a lot of electricity is consumed, the air becomes dry, so it is necessary to humidify it to a normal state.

A wide variety of systems can be used with electrical appliances. Now more and more modern developments are being used. For example, infrared emitters great for storage areas.

They also install thermal curtains, due to which the cold does not get inside the buildings. Nevertheless, despite all the positive qualities, it will not be possible to heat the entire area with the help of these devices, and when using additional equipment, material costs will be high.

Ceiling systems are considered the most effective. This innovative technology of radiant installations allows you to warm up the walls, floors and ceilings of any premises. During operation, the local zone is rapidly heated, and this type of equipment occupies a minimum area. Infrared heating does not require reconstruction work for a long time, the installation of this system is quick and simple (it is sometimes installed in the form of wall panels). According to many experts, radiant heaters are the most acceptable option for heating industrial buildings and premises.

Heating of industrial premises has its own characteristics, because the area of ​​buildings is large, the ceilings are high, and the zone of required thermal comfort is often limited. Water heating, which is most often equipped in residential buildings, is not always suitable for heating spacious retail, industrial areas, warehouses, hangars, etc. It is necessary to ensure that the heat is in the lower part of the premises - at a height of up to 2-3 m. The streams of warm air rise up, and the owners involuntarily heat 70-80% of the "extra" volume. How to ensure economical heating of industrial premises?

Industrial buildings cover hundreds of square meters, so conventional heating systems are inefficient and too expensive.

Heating options for spacious non-residential buildings

For heating large areas, three main types of systems are usually used:

• water;
• air;
• radiant.

Water heating refers to systems using radiators. They are beneficial due to the wide selection of heating devices. But at the same time, many owners of premises are not satisfied with the irrational use of space, high costs and energy costs, and high thermal inertia. Systems are not suitable for many retail outlets and warehouses, because radiators take up space near the walls, where it is convenient to place shelving. Air and radiant heating are more popular, so we will consider in detail exactly their arrangement.

Mall air heating system

Air heating of industrial premises

This method of heating production areas became popular back in the 70s. The principle of operation is based on air heating by heat generators, water or steam heaters. Air through the collectors enters those areas where it is necessary to maintain the desired temperature. To distribute air flows, special distribution heads or blinds are installed. This is far from an ideal method of heating, it has significant drawbacks, but it is used quite widely.

Central and zonal systems

Depending on the needs of building owners, uniform heating of the entire room or individual zones can be equipped. Central air heating is a device that takes air from outside, heats it up and delivers it to the premises. The main disadvantage of this type of system is the inability to control the temperature in individual rooms of the building.

Zone heating allows you to create the desired temperature in each room. To do this, a separate heating device (most often a gas convector) is installed in each room, which maintains the desired temperature. The zonal system is cost-effective, as it uses exactly as much energy as is needed for heating, and wasteful costs are minimized. During installation, there is no need to lay air ducts.

An experienced specialist should determine the appropriate type of system and calculate the air heating of the production room. The following factors are taken into account:

• heat losses;
• the required temperature regime;
• the amount of heated air;
• power and type of air heater.

Advantages and disadvantages

Important advantages can be considered a quick heating of the air, the possibility of combining heating with ventilation. The disadvantage is associated with a well-known law of physics: warm air rises. A warmer zone is created under the ceiling than at the level of human growth. The difference can be several degrees. For example, in workshops with ceilings 10 m high below, the temperature can be 16 degrees, and in the upper part of the room - up to 26. To maintain the desired thermal regime, the system must work constantly. Such inappropriate energy consumption forces owners to look for other methods of heating buildings.

Scheme of air heating of industrial premises

Radiant heating – economical systems for large industrial buildings

To heat industrial premises, "light" and "dark" infrared heaters are installed. Natural or liquefied gas is used as a heat source. In buildings where for some reason it is impossible to install gas equipment, suspended radiant panels are mounted.

Features of the operation of different types of infrared heaters

In "light" heaters, gas is burned using a special burner, the surface temperature of which can reach 900 degrees. A red-hot burner provides the necessary radiation. "Dark" heaters (they are also called "pipe" by the type of design) are emitters with reflectors that are designed to direct radiant energy to the desired areas of the premises. Tubular infrared devices heat up less (up to 500 degrees) and are characterized by less hard radiation, which greatly expands their scope.

Suspended radiant panels are universal, they are widely used in categorical, industrial and warehouse premises of all types. The systems operate with the help of an intermediate heat carrier "steam/water". Water in the appliances is heated to 60-120 degrees, and steam - up to 100-200. Today it is the most convenient and economical way of heating industrial premises and enterprises.

Pros and cons of radiant heating

Infrared heaters have the following indisputable advantages:

• quick heating of the premises (15-20 minutes);
• the possibility of creating warm zones in unheated rooms;
• no energy loss for heating the “extra” area”;
• minimum heat losses in systems operating without heat carrier;
• savings on maintenance, since there is no need to change filters, check, repair pumps, etc.;
• comfortable microclimate: the air does not dry out, the floor heats up and serves as a secondary source of heat.

Do not install infrared heaters:

• if the ceiling height is below 4 m;
• in industries where radiation affects product quality or technological processes;
• in the premises of fire categories A, B.

How does an infrared heater work?

conclusions

Infrared heating systems for industrial premises are more economical and convenient to use than air ones. Radiant heaters do not contribute to the spread of dust, create thermal zones at the height of human growth, and do not dry the air. Radiation heats the floor, making people in the rooms feel more comfortable. At the same time, there are buildings where radiant heating is not applicable, and air heating will be optimal for them.

Heating industrial premises is a time-consuming task that requires competent design of the heating system and calculation of optimal capacities.

As a rule, in workshops and other premises for industrial purposes, one of three types of heating is most often used:

• Centralized. The traditional method, as a heat carrier - water.
• infrared. Infrared heating technology.
• Air. Modern method, optimal for most industrial premises.

More and more entrepreneurs are choosing an air heating system for a warehouse or workshop, as it has a number of obvious advantages.

6 reasons to choose air heating

• The air heating system can perform the function of ventilation, which makes it economical.
• The air heating system has an efficiency of up to 93%.
• The absence of an intermediate coolant allows you to quickly and efficiently heat the air in the heated room.
• Installation of radiators, heaters, laying and installation of pipelines is not required.
• The fan heater for air heating of industrial premises can only operate during those periods when there is a need for heating (there is no need for round-the-clock and daily operation).
• The cost of heat received from a solid fuel fan heater is several times lower than the cost of heat from a hot water boiler.

Working Principle and Applications

The air is heated in the heat exchanger through a metal wall, without direct contact with flue gases. The maximum temperature of the heated air can reach 200 C. The specificity of the process makes it possible to use fan heaters in various industries:

• drying lumber, sawdust, wood chips, firewood;
• concrete steaming;
• drying sand and other building materials;
• drying agricultural products (grain, rice, seeds, vegetables, fruits, etc.);
• soil heating during construction;
• workshops where there is a need to quickly and cost-effectively obtain a large amount of hot air (emergency, repair, construction work).

The air heating system for industrial premises, warehouses and workshops is an economical and highly efficient equipment that will minimize the cost of finance and time for start-up and further maintenance. Contact our managers to get advice or leave a request.

For the comfortable work of employees of production and storage facilities, it is necessary to equip an efficient heating system. In addition, the normal temperature regime has a positive effect on equipment, machines and the building itself. Consider what are the ways of heating production and storage facilities. After all, someone chooses heating boilers, and someone prefers heaters for space heating. In our article we will talk about the features and efficiency of different heating systems.

How to heat non-residential premises

For rooms with large areas, 3 types of heating systems are usually used: air, water and radiant. When using water heating, it is necessary to arrange heating radiators. Such a system is beneficial, as it has a large selection of heating equipment. But with such a heating system, there is a large thermal inertia and high costs are required. Not all commercial premises can be equipped with heating radiators, as they must be installed on the wall. And usually in retail outlets in these places they arrange racks.

Radiant and air heating have a higher demand. Consider in detail each heating system.

air heating

Air heating appeared one of the first types of heating systems. And until now, such a system is popular due to its effectiveness. Air heating has the following advantages:

• In such a system, the efficiency is greater than that of water heating.
• There is no need for piping and heating radiators. In the air system, it is necessary to install only air ducts.
• An air heating system is often used in conjunction with an air conditioning system. Therefore, you can get clean air instead of heated.
• The heated air is distributed evenly throughout the room.
• The air is cleaned and changed regularly. Therefore, there will always be a comfortable atmosphere in the room, which positively affects the performance of employees.

In order to save money, it is better to use combined air heating for industrial premises. Such a heating system consists of mechanical and natural air induction.

With natural intake, warm air will be taken from the environment. It will be warm even when it is very cold outside. Mechanical impulsion - cold air intake by an air duct for heating and supply to the room.

Air heating is the most optimal for heating large industrial premises. And in chemical enterprises, only air is allowed to be used as a heating system.

Water heating

Not all production and storage facilities are suitable for a water heating system. Since for its device it is necessary to equip a boiler room, arrange a piping system, install heating radiators in the premises. In addition to these elements, it is still necessary to purchase pressure gauges, valves and other control devices. In order to maintain the operation of the heating system, the presence of specialists is necessary.

Water heating is of two types according to the principle of the device: one-pipe and two-pipe.

In the first type, it will not be possible to regulate the water temperature. Since all heating radiators are installed in series. And there is no way to turn off only one device.

In a two-pipe system, the temperature can be controlled. This can be done using thermostats that are installed on radiators in parallel.

The heating boiler serves as a source of heat in the water system. Boilers are divided according to the type of fuel: solid fuel, gas, electric, liquid fuel and combined. If the production room has a small area, then a furnace with a water circuit can be used.

The type of boiler should be chosen from the desires and possibilities. Not everyone has the ability to connect gas, so a gas boiler cannot be used. Many people choose solid fuel or diesel heating boilers.

Electric boilers are often used, but in small rooms. Since heating with electricity is not cheap.

Unforeseen situations often happen. And there may be any accidents in the electricity or gas supply. Therefore, it is desirable to have a backup version of the heating system.
Combined heating boilers are more expensive. Such devices can have several types of burners: gas-diesel, gas-wood and gas-electricity-diesel.

infrared heating

Infrared heating can be divided into two types: light and dark heaters.

In the first form, the gas is burned with a burner. And its surface temperature can be 900oC. The required radiation comes from a hot burner.

The second type of heater is radiators with reflectors. They are designed to direct radiant energy to the required areas. Dark infrared devices cannot heat up like light ones. The maximum heating temperature is 500°C. Such heaters differ in radiation, it is not so hard. Therefore, tubular heaters have a large scope.

The most convenient and economical heating is suspended radiant panels. Such panels work with the help of an intermediate coolant. It is made up of steam and water. Water can be heated in the device up to 60-120 ° C, and steam is heated up to 100-200.

Consider the benefits of radiant heating:

• Warm zones can be created in unheated rooms;
• Rapid space heating. Depending on the area, the approximate heating time is from 15 to 20 minutes;
• Since it is not necessary to check or repair pumps, replace filters and other elements that are in other heating systems, this factor allows significant savings;
• No loss of thermal energy;
• The floor is also heated, so it is an additional source of heating;
• Comfortable microclimate. The air does not dry out

Such heaters cannot be installed indoors: with a ceiling height of less than 4 m, in production, where radiation can affect the quality of products, as well as in rooms that have fire categories A and B.

The infrared heating system is easy to use and more economical than an air system. Infrared heaters do not spread dust, do not dry the air and create thermal zones in the room. But in those rooms where radiant heating cannot be used, an air system would be the best option.

"How to choose the optimal heating"? - this question is asked by the owners of industrial premises, workshops and warehouses. The large size of the buildings, combined with Russia's harsh climate, scare young entrepreneurs. In this review, we will talk about "optimal" heating. First, let's understand what is meant by the word "optimal". Usually, this word is understood as a suitable ratio for the building "cost / reliability / convenience".

Choosing and creating a heating scheme for large rooms is not an easy task. Each building is universal - size, height, purpose. Equipment for production is often an obstacle to laying pipes. But without heating anywhere. A well-built heating system protects equipment from hypothermia (often this factor leads to equipment breakdown), creates favorable working conditions for workers. In addition, without the right temperature, some products will deteriorate many times faster. That is why it is so important to choose a reliable space heating system.

Choosing a heating system for industrial buildings

Almost every warehouse needs heating. Usually use centralized heating systems. They are:

• Water;
• Air.

When choosing heating, the following characteristics should be considered:

• The area and height of the building;
• The amount of heat energy required to maintain the desired temperature;
• Ease of equipment for heating in technical terms, its wear resistance.

Central water heating

The main thermal resource is the central heating system or boiler room. Water heating includes:

• Boiler;
• Heating devices;
• Pipeline.

The principle of operation is simple. The liquid is heated in the boiler and goes through the pipes, giving off heat.

Types of water heating:

• Single-pipe (it is impossible to regulate the water temperature);
• Two-pipe (temperature control is possible. It is carried out using thermostats on radiators).

The central heating element is the boiler. To date, there are quite a few types of boilers: liquid fuel, solid fuel, gas, electric and mixed. The boiler should be chosen taking into account the possibilities. A gas boiler is convenient when you can connect to a gas source. Keep in mind that the price of this resource is growing every year. Interruptions in gas supply will lead to sad consequences.

Oil-fired boilers need a separate room and a container for storing fuel. In addition, it will be necessary to constantly replenish fuel supplies, which means that additional hands are needed for transportation and unloading. And these are additional costs.

Solid fuel boilers are not suitable for heating large industrial premises. Caring for a solid fuel boiler is not an easy task (loading fuel, cleaning the chimney and furnace). On the modern market, you can find partially automated models with the possibility of mechanized fuel loading. Other components (firebox, chimney) require human care. Sawdust, pellets, wood chips, etc. act as fuel. Despite the fact that the operation of such boilers is a laborious process, these models are the cheapest on the market.

Electric boilers are not the most suitable option for heating large rooms (up to 70 square meters). The electricity used will cost the owner dearly. It should be borne in mind that planned and unscheduled power outages negatively affect the system.

Combined boilers can be called universal samples.

The water heating system is a stable and efficient space heating. Despite the fact that combined boilers cost more than their counterparts, but with it you will not depend on external troubles (various interruptions in gas and electrical systems). Combined samples of boilers have two or more heaters for different types of fuel. Due to the built-in types of burners, boilers are divided into:

• Gas-wood - are not afraid of interruptions in the gas supply system and rising fuel prices)
• Gas-diesel - ideally heat a large room)
• Gas-diesel-wood - a functional boiler with low efficiency and low power)
• Gas-diesel-wood-electricity is an almost universal unit that is completely independent of external problems

The situation with the boilers is explained. Now you need to find out if the water type of heating fits the previously described criteria. It is worth noting that the heat capacity of water is thousands of times higher than the heat capacity of air. This means that water will need a thousand times less than air. Another point: the water heating system will allow you to set the desired temperature at different times. For example, during standby heating of production, the temperature will be +10 C, and during working hours you can set a higher temperature.

air heating

People have been using air heating for a long time. The system is efficient and popular. Has the following advantages:

• Instead of radiators and pipes, air ducts are installed.
• Air heating has a higher efficiency compared to a water system
• The heated air is evenly distributed over the entire area of ​​the room
• It is convenient to connect the air system with ventilation and air conditioning (you can get clean air instead of warm air)
• The constant change of air has a positive effect on the well-being of workers; increases work efficiency.

If you want to save money, it is better to choose mixed industrial air heating. It consists of natural and mechanical air stimulation.

• The "natural" motivation is to take the warm air of their atmosphere at any temperature.
• Mechanical impulse - taking cold air through the duct for its subsequent warming and supply to the room.

It is believed that an air heating system is the best option for heating large industrial premises.

infrared heating

It is possible to heat the production room in non-traditional ways. Infrared heaters are a modern invention of engineers. The principle of their operation is as follows: radiators produce energy above the heating zone and give off heat to objects that heat the air. The functionality of such heaters is compared with the sun. It also heats the surface of the earth with the help of infrared waves, and then the air heats up from the heat exchange. Thanks to this principle, the heated air will not accumulate under the ceiling, evenly distributed over the area of ​​​​the room.

There are many types of IR heaters, differing in the following characteristics:

• Installation location (floor, portable floor, wall, ceiling);
• Type of emitted waves (shortwave, medium wave and light);
• Type of energy consumed (diesel, gas, electric).

The most profitable are gas and diesel infrared models of heaters. Their efficiency is often above 90%. But they are characterized by burning air and changing the characteristics of its humidity.

• Type of heating element (halogen - not very durable models; carbon - a fragile model, but consumes less energy; ceramic - the heater is assembled from ceramic tiles. Inside it is a mixture that heats the environment).

Infrared heaters are used for heating industrial buildings, various structures, workshops, greenhouses, greenhouses, farms and apartments.

Benefits of infrared heating

Infrared heating can provide spot heating, that is, there can be different temperatures in different parts of the building. Infrared heaters do not come into contact with air, heating surfaces, objects, organisms. This means that there will be less drafts in the room. IR heating is economical. High efficiency and low power consumption - just a dream. Long service life, ease of installation, low weight, the possibility of local effective heating - these are just the main positive aspects of IR heaters.

In this extensive article, we reviewed the popular types of space heating. Which type is the best is up to you. We hope that this article was useful and informative.