What blocks are best for building a house. PGS concrete: practical recommendations for manufacturing How to lay down PGS partitions

Concrete is the main material used in the construction of residential and industrial buildings, laying of highways, construction of bridges, dams, strengthening of dams and tunnels. Safety depends on the strength of concrete long term services, erected structures.

Structural concrete consists of cement, water and solid aggregates. Increased requirements for the strength and reliability of foundations, monolithic structures, dams, dams, tunnels are successfully performed by concrete based on sand and gravel mix(PGS).

The main types of ASG

Sand and gravel mixture is an inorganic bulk building material.

According to the percentage of gravel grains in the mixture, there are:

• natural (natural) sand-gravel mixture (SGM) with a gravel content of 10–20%;
• enriched (sorted) sand-gravel mixture (OPGS) with a gravel content of 15–75%.

By origin and place of occurrence, the natural form of the mixture is divided into three types:

• Mountain ravine, in which rock inclusions are present, and gravel grains are distinguished by an acute-angled shape.
• Lake-river with gravel of smoother forms and a small content of clay and shell rock.
• marine type It is distinguished by its homogeneous composition, solid inclusions of a rounded shape and a minimum content of impurities.

Mountain-ravine ASG is not used for the production of concrete because of its heterogeneous structure. Excavations, foundations for highways, trenches when laying pipelines are poured with such a mixture, they are used as a drainage layer in sewer systems.

Concrete for building structures, requiring special strength, are prepared from a river or sea enriched mixture of sand and gravel.

Permissible grain sizes of solid fractions in AGM according to GOST 23735–2014 “Sand and gravel mixtures for construction works” (entered into force on 01.07.15) are:

Which sand and gravel mix is ​​suitable for concrete?

In the construction industry, concrete is used, which is produced from a natural mixture by enriching it with a certain amount of gravel. Enrichment of AGM occurs on screens, in drums or on vibration planes, where fractions are sorted by size and excess sand is removed.

Permissible norms for the content of gravel in OPGS are defined in GOST 23735–2014 "Sand and gravel mixtures for construction work."

There are five groups of enriched sand-gravel mix, which differ in the percentage of gravel grains in their composition. They are shown in the table.

According to GOST 23735–2014, the size of gravel grains in OPGS should not exceed: 10 mm; 20 mm; 40 mm or 70 mm. AT special occasions maximum gravel size up to 150 mm is allowed.

The characteristics of the gravel included in the OPGS, such as strength, frost resistance, impurity content, are checked according to GOST 8267–93 “Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction work.

The quality of sand (composition, grain caliber, content of dust and clay impurities) in the enriched sand-gravel mixture, which is used for the preparation of concrete, must comply with GOST 8736-93 "Sand for construction work".

How to prepare concrete from ASG?

Depending on the compressive strength, concretes are divided into classes in accordance with SNiP 2.03.01–84 "Concrete and reinforced concrete structures". The class of concrete is indicated by the letter "B" and a number corresponding to the load in MPa that a cube of concrete with a size of 15 * 15 * 15 cm can withstand.

Concrete grades more familiar to the construction market are denoted by the letter "M" and tensile strength values ​​​​in kg / cm 2. The cement that is part of the concrete is also marked.

In construction, concrete grades from M100 to M450 are used. The brand and, accordingly, the strength of concrete depends on the amount of cement included in its composition.

For the production of running concrete grades, cement M400 and M500 are used in certain proportions with an enriched sand-gravel mixture and water.

OPGS for concrete mix must contain gravel grains various sizes. Fine gravel will fill the voids between coarse grains and provide the design strength of the concrete.

The purchase of an enriched mixture should be carried out from large manufacturers that guarantee that the characteristics of the OPGS comply with norms and standards.

Mixing of the concrete mixture is carried out manually or mechanically.

Mechanisms and tools for mixing concrete directly on the construction site:

• concrete mixer;
• shovel;
• bucket;
• container for manual mixing.

Higher quality concrete is obtained by the mechanical method of production from ready-made enriched sand and gravel mixtures.

PGS concrete for foundation

Concrete grades are prepared from an enriched mixture of gravel and sand:

• M150- for foundations for small one-story buildings;
• M200- for strip, slab foundations;
• M250- for monolithic and slab foundations;
• M300- for monolithic foundations;
• M400– with accelerated setting for particularly strong foundations.

To improve the adhesion of the mixed components, Portland cement with a calcium silicate content of up to 80% is taken for concrete preparation. This allows concrete to be mixed low temperatures, but not lower than +16 0 С.

Proportions of ASG and cement for concrete

Proportions for the preparation of concrete from cement grades M400, M500 and OPGS of the 4th group with a gravel content of 60–65% (cement / OPGS):

Humidity dependent source material, the amount of water per fraction of the dry mass of the solution may vary, so water is added in parts. At the beginning of the batch, 2/3 of the water is taken, gradually adding water during the preparation of concrete until a homogeneous plastic mass is obtained.

Experienced builders advise preparing concrete for the foundation from an enriched sand-gravel mixture in a volume ratio of 1/8 or 1/6.

In this case, concrete grades are obtained, respectively:

• M150 and M200 from cement M400 and M500;
• M200 and M300 from cement M400 and M500.

Instructions for mixing concrete M300 from OPGS, mechanically, in a 125l concrete mixer:

• Include concrete mixer without filling with ingredients.
• Tilt Concrete Mixer to the first position and pour 5 liters of water.
• Fall asleep 6 buckets of OPGS 4th group with a grain size of 5–20 mm.
• Tilt Concrete Mixer to the second position and pour 1 bucket of M500 cement.
• Add 3 liters of water, depending on the humidity of the OPGS.
• After 2-3 minutes the color and consistency determine the readiness of concrete.

With manual kneading concrete:

• dry components are poured into a container (trough, pallet) mixtures and mix them thoroughly with a shovel;
• form a hill from cement mixture and make a recess in it;
• gradually pour water into the recess, constantly stirring the solution with a shovel;
• water is added to obtain the desired concrete consistency.

It is possible to determine the proportions for concrete mixing without weighing and complex calculations. The method is based on the observance of the condition under which it turns out durable concrete. The binder cement emulsion should fill all the free space between the solid fractions of the mixture.

To do this, take a measuring container and a bucket of 10 liters. An enriched sand and gravel mixture is poured into a bucket and filled with water, measuring the volume with a measuring cup. When the water rises to the surface of the mixture, record the measured volume of water. This will be the volume of cement that needs to be added to the OPGS.

If it was possible to pour 2 liters of water into the bucket with filler, then to obtain concrete, a bucket of OPGS and 2-liter measures of cement are mixed. The proportion of cement-mixture will be 1/5. Water is added to the dry mixture in portions until a plastic mass is formed.

Concrete gains branded strength 28 days after pouring the foundation.

But to continue construction, it is not necessary to wait so long. At warm weather after three days, concrete is gaining 70% strength, enough to build walls.

In the cold season, you should wait a week, after which you can continue construction.

Mechanical or manually prepare small volumes of concrete for strip foundations garages, outbuildings, cottages, one-story buildings. The average mixing volume of a concrete mixer is 125–300 liters, and up to 20 m 3 of concrete may be needed for a foundation for a house with a basement.

Pouring concrete in layers for several days is unacceptable according to technology, so it is better to order ready-made concrete, which will be brought in a mixer directly to the construction site.

I'm going to build in the spring. Ahead of winter for reflection, the land was bought.

So what we have: 1,000,000 rubles (well, approximately), little time and a great desire to solve the housing problem. After much deliberation and estimates, calculations, I opted for gas silicate. I myself work in ArchiCAD (if anyone says anything), but I am not connected with construction. I have, like many, friends, acquaintances, a la builders, but I have already outgrown their knowledge, so I start a topic, in the hope of comments and help from more literate people.

I will post the material that I managed to prepare, do not hit hard for flaws - there is not enough time, so I was only engaged in "constructive" and "information extraction", do not pay attention to "pretty and ugly".
Material readiness:
1) Plan of the house - defined
2) Material - 95% taken into account (attached)
3) Cost - 95% (attached)
3) House weight - 95% calculated (attached)
4) Soils - 50% sure(he looked into the wells, talked, but he had to dig) clay soil GWT is seasonally close

Have questions:
1) Oper bearing walls the second floor above the spans on monolithic reinforced concrete beams. The beams were placed with a gap above the floor slabs, so as not to transfer the load to them. The load on the beams is approximately 1.98t / mp, but probably only the weight of the walls should be taken, and after the armored belt, the 2nd floor is no longer taken into account, then it will be approximately 0.6t. Or consider everything?
I drove the data into Monomakh Balka and calculated how I could figure it out. If anyone owns Monomakh please check.

2) According to calculations, the width of the foundation is about 400mm, the central wall is 500mm. How to make the width of the tape the same or different? How much can you narrow the width of the foundation, while maintaining the width of the sole? Everywhere they write that it is necessary at least = the thickness of the walls or more, but at the same time an overhang is made, and secondly, the compressive strength of the ASG is at least 28kg / cm2 = 280t / m2.
Let's say a 400mm wall has overhangs on both sides of 50mm, i.e., it rests on a plinth 300mm thick. So it is possible?

3) Look at all the material with a "fresh look" in general, otherwise when you have been watching for two months, all sorts of crap starts to seem.

By design:
Foundation: tape
Floor: floor on the ground + 100mm EPPS (either warm, but somehow confused)
External walls: PGS D500 400mm (for the future I will sheathe siding and mineral wool)
Internal bearing wall: PGS D500 300mm
Partitions: PGS D400 150mm
Overlapping 1-2 floor: slabs
Overlap 2-attic: wood + mineral wool 200mm
Roof: metal tile
Chimney-ventilation: asb. pipes in mineral wool in a casing (I don’t know either: the casing can be galvanized, you can PGS 150)

In the attached materials there is an "exe" file - this is a virtual representation, i.e. you can wander around the house and see it. By pressing the "Esc" key, you can turn off the layers in the menu (sorry for the chaos - there is no time at all). Try turning off "Wall Facade". Can only be left bearing structures. You can turn on the jumpers, armored belt and slabs, then you will see those beams about which I asked. The "F" button turns on the flight mode. ​

To begin with, a small educational program. PGS is a sand and gravel mixture. You do not need to be seven spans in the forehead to guess that its main components are sand and gravel. This mixture is extracted from the sea and river bottom. The quality and bonding properties largely depend on the place where the mixture was taken.

PGS - the basis of structures

ASG is the main component of many concrete and reinforced concrete structures(house foundations, road surfaces etc.).

ASG is divided into several types depending on the ratio of sand / gravel, the size of the gravel grains and other indicators: strength, frost resistance, the presence of silt and clay particles, etc.

OPGS is an enriched sand and gravel mixture. It differs from ASG by an artificially increased amount of gravel. In OPGS, the proportion of gravel is approximately 25-75%, while in PGS it is 10-20%.

The main components of concrete from these mixtures are cement, PGS or OPGS and water. But to get quality concrete certain proportions must be observed.

concrete preparation from OPGS

The same applies to concrete from ASG: the proportions of the constituent materials will depend on what brand of concrete you need to get at the output, what brand of cement you take, and what is the ratio of sand and gravel in your ASG.

Usually it is indicated when buying, but if you do not have this information, then there are many ways to approximately determine this ratio yourself, at home. For example, sift part of the mixture through a metal mesh.

Sand and proportions

As a rule, sand does not need to be added to such concrete, it is already enough in the ASG itself. When using some types of ASG, on the contrary, crushed stone is added.

If you need to prepare concrete for the foundation, then it is best to take a ratio of 1: 8, that is, for 1 part of cement, 8 parts of ASG. This ratio is verified and the most optimal, although it is also recommended to know. And the video in this article will show in practice how you can use PGS.

We will build a house of aerated concrete in Moscow and the Moscow region on a turnkey basis from 14,000 rubles per meter. This price includes gas silicate block, foundation, walls, roof, screed. Construction of a house from aerated concrete "turnkey" - perfect option for people who dream of their own housing, who, after construction, do not want to find a hole in their wallet. Building technology from this material allows you to build a reliable structure in a relatively short time period. The SVS construction company has been engaged in the construction of turnkey houses from aerated concrete in Moscow and the region for over a decade. We have successfully implemented hundreds of projects in life, as evidenced by positive reviews clients.

• Advantages of building a house from gas silicate

  • Durability and strength of the structure
  • Light weight, reducing the load on the foundation
  • High degree of fire protection
  • Environmental safety of the material
  • Wide architectural possibilities
  • Immunity to decay and microorganisms
  • Good ones thermal insulation properties

• Disadvantages of building a house from gas silicate

  • A large number of low-quality material, the risk of acquiring a marriage
  • Need for exterior finish facade
  • Tendency to saturate with moisture (hygroscopicity), the need to constantly heat the house

Having decided to build a house of aerated concrete with us, you can be sure of 100% quality. Specialists of "SVS" pay special attention to the observance of technology, SOPs and GOSTs. We:

• we thoroughly study the soils in order to correctly calculate the foundation for a house made of aerated concrete;
• we accurately calculate the load on the foundation of the house, which allows you to choose optimal technology foundation pouring and construction;
• we use our own professional formwork for the foundation;
• be sure to fill in the armored belt in the house of aerated concrete;
• we put the blocks on special glue, which allows to increase the heat capacity and makes it more aesthetic appearance, relative to the use of a conventional solution;
• We use autoclaved aerated concrete. Soundproof properties material made using this technology is ten times superior to brick.

It should be noted that during the construction of housing, the cost of work does not change. Risks associated.

The cost of building houses from aerated concrete - from 15,000 rubles m²

The cost of a house made of aerated concrete - the price in Moscow and the region

The cost of building a house from aerated concrete in Moscow and the region in various construction companies varies greatly. It depends not only on the quality of the work performed, but also on the image of the construction team, the availability of appropriate licenses, permits, own machinery and equipment. The SVS company offers to build a turnkey aerated concrete house inexpensively. We have achieved cost reduction relative to competitors due to the complete rejection of subcontracting and leasing.

Price individual design- 250 rubles per 1 sq. meter.
When building a house with our company - design is free of charge

In the SVS company, the price of building a turnkey aerated concrete house varies. It starts from 14 thousand rubles, and reaches 23. This indicator is affected by the complexity of the work and the materials used. Having decided to entrust the construction of a turnkey aerated concrete house in Moscow and the region to the SVS construction company, you will receive unsurpassed quality, an officially concluded contract, total control over the construction site, up to online monitoring.

It is almost impossible to build a stable and durable base without the use of concrete, since this material serves as the basis for any structure. Durability and reliability depend on the quality of concrete finished building, so you should responsibly approach the manufacture of the solution. Very often for construction on private suburban areas developers prepare concrete from sand and gravel with their own hands. Before you opt for this option, you should learn about all the intricacies of its manufacture.

Material selection

Having decided on the development of the site, you should purchase all the building materials that may be needed in the work. It is necessary to purchase a sand-gravel mixture exclusively from time-tested manufacturers.

It is worth knowing that when making concrete from AGS, the proportions of gravel and sand in the mixture may differ. For example, the composition of the classic CBC (unenriched) includes only 20 percent of the gravel, while in the enriched one there is 75 percent of the material.

Usually, experts advise using an enriched composition, in which crushed stone predominates. Components for the manufacture of PGS, which are mined from the bottom of a river or sea, have high quality characteristics, therefore, it is recommended to add them to prepare the mixture. River and sea components (gravel and sand) contain practically no impurities, which increases the adhesion of the mixture with the rest of the concrete elements. As a result, the master is guaranteed to receive high-quality AGS concrete for the foundation, the proportions of which will fully comply with the standards.

The subtleties of preparing the solution

Make your own concrete mortar for a base using gravel and sand, it is quite simple. For this, certain tools and the necessary raw materials are preliminarily prepared:

• Shovel;
• Dry cement;
• Pure water;
• Sand and gravel;
• Bucket of standard size;
• A concrete mixer or trough in which the components will be mixed.

In order for the solution to come out of high quality, it is worth adhering to a certain ratio when preparing it. If an enriched composition is used for work, then the ideal proportions of PGS and cement for concrete are 8 to 1, respectively.

Then, of course, water is added, the volume of which is determined in a practical way based on the state of the ABC. Often the composition is moistened, and therefore, when using the mixture, several times less liquid is needed than when using a dry composition of gravel and sand. Be that as it may, the water does not pour in immediately, but gradually, otherwise there is a risk of getting a too liquid solution. The ideal density of concrete is similar to that of sour cream. Having achieved such a consistency, topping up the liquid should be stopped.

If you plan to use a classic mixture, then its selection should be approached very carefully. Maximum size gravel grains should be 8 cm, but if the fraction of the material exceeds this indicator, then such a PGS is not suitable for concrete. Regarding the proportion for the unenriched mixture:

• Sand and gravel - 6 parts;
• Cement - 1 part.

As for cement, professionals advise to pay attention to Portland cement, which has excellent binding characteristics. It is best to purchase material M300, M500 or M600. Grade 400 cement has a certain drawback - instant setting, so it should not be used. Not everyone knows that the rapid hardening of cement when pouring the base is fraught with the formation of cold seams that degrade the quality of the finished base.

What else is worth remembering when making concrete from ASG? The proportions in the buckets are slightly different. One jar contains:

• Cement - 15.6 kg;
• A mixture of sand and gravel - 18 kg.

In this case, the proportion of elements for the classic mixture is 2 to 14, respectively. For an enriched composition, 1 part of cement is used to 9 parts of PGS. Don't forget about water. By strictly following these ratios, you can get concrete of the highest quality.

Many masters are wondering how much PGS is needed per cube of concrete. To calculate the volume of the mixture, you should focus on the mass of all elements. In addition, the brand of cement used also plays an important role. For example, for the manufacture of concrete M300 is used:

• Cement grade 400 - 0.382 t;
• Gravel - 1.08 t;
• Sand - 0.705 t;
• Water - 220 l.

For concrete M100 is used:

• Cement grade 400 - 0.214 t;
• Gravel - 1.08 t;
• Sand - 0.87 t;
• Water - 210 liters.

Almost always, manufacturers of sand and gravel compositions indicate on the bags the consumption of gas per 1 m3 of concrete.

Sometimes a different system of calculations is used. For example, to build a basic structure, you need concrete mix M300. For the manufacture of 1 cubic meter of solution you will need:

• Cement - 0.38 t;
• Gravel - 0.8 m3;
• Sand - 0.5 m3.

If these calculation methods seem too complicated, you can go on your own easy way used by professionals - refer to a special table. It is enough to find the name of the material itself ("concrete from AGS"), proportions. The table will tell you the appropriate amount of all components to create a quality solution.

Table

Calculation and proportions of ASG in the video:

More about concrete: