11.9.1 During the execution of production processes and operations, operational control in order to identify defects that may be hidden during the continuation of the process or operation, and to take measures to prevent and eliminate these defects.
11.9.2 By operational control, the person carrying out the construction checks:
Compliance with the sequence and composition of the technological operations performed by the technological and regulatory documentation applicable to the data technological operations;
Compliance with the technological regimes established technological maps and regulations;
Compliance of the quality indicators of the performance of operations and their results with the requirements of design and technological documentation, as well as regulatory documentation applicable to these technological operations.
11.9.2 During the construction process, an assessment of the work performed, the results of which affect safety, should be carried out. object, but in accordance with the accepted technology, they become unavailable for control after the start of the subsequent work, as well as the completed building structures and plots engineering networks, the elimination of defects of which, identified by the control, is impossible without disassembly or damage to subsequent structures and sections of engineering networks. Representatives of the relevant bodies of state supervision, architectural supervision, as well as, if necessary, independent experts may participate in these control procedures. The performer of works not later than three working days notifies the other participants about the timing of the specified procedures.
11.9.3 The results of the acceptance of work hidden by subsequent work, in accordance with the requirements of the design and regulatory documentation, are documented in survey reports hidden works (Annex M ). The builder (customer) may require a re-examination after the elimination of the identified defects.
11.9.4 Conformity assessment procedure individual structures, tiers of structures (floors), the performer of the work must submit certificates of examination of all hidden works that are part of these structures, geodetic executive schemes, as well as test reports for structures in cases provided for by the design documentation and (or) a building contract. The developer (customer) can perform verification of the reliability of the executive geodetic schemes submitted by the contractor. To this end, the performer of the work must keep, until the completion of the acceptance, the alignment axes and mounting landmarks fixed in kind.
The results of acceptance of individual structures should be documented in acts of acceptance of critical structures ( annex H ).
11.9.5 Testing of sections of engineering networks and installed engineering equipment is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant normative documents and are drawn up by acts of acceptance of critical structures (Appendix H).
11.9.6 If, as a result of phased acceptance, defects in works, structures, sections of engineering networks are detected, the relevant acts should be drawn up only after the identified defects have been eliminated.
In cases where subsequent work must begin after a break of more than 6 months from the moment the phased acceptance is completed, these procedures should be repeated before the resumption of work with the execution of the relevant acts.
11.9.7 Places for performing control operations, their frequency, performers, methods and measuring instruments, forms for recording results, decision-making procedures in case of detection of non-compliance with established requirements must comply with the requirements of design, technological and regulatory documentation.
11.9.8 The person carrying out the construction appoints by its administrative documents responsible executors for the performance of operational control, documentation of its results and elimination of defects identified by the control.
The results of operational control should be documented in special work logs.
1.23. Operational quality control should be carried out during the implementation construction processes or production operations and ensure the timely detection of defects and the adoption of measures to eliminate and prevent them.
1.24. Operational control performer checks:
Compliance of the sequence and composition of the technological operations performed with the technological and regulatory documentation applicable to these technological operations;
Compliance with technological regimes established by technological maps and regulations;
Compliance of quality indicators of operations and their results with the requirements of design and technological documentation, as well as regulatory documentation applicable to these technological operations
The results of operational control should be documented.
(12-01-2004, clause 6.1.6)
1.25. The executors of operational control are the foremen, foremen and workers of construction laboratories, geodetic and other services of the construction organization, as well as representatives of the customer and the design organization.
The results of the operational quality control are recorded in the journals or in Section 4 of the "General Journal of Work" (Appendix 3)
1.26. During the construction process, an assessment of the performance of work should be carried out, the results of which affect the safety of the facility, but in accordance with the accepted technology become unavailable for control after the start of the implementation of subsequent work, as well as completed building structures and sections of engineering networks, the elimination of defects of which, identified by the control, is impossible without disassembly or damage to subsequent structures and sections of engineering networks. Representatives of the relevant bodies of state supervision, architectural supervision, as well as, if necessary, independent experts may participate in these control procedures. The executor of the works not later than three working days notifies the other participants about the timing of the specified procedures.
The results of the acceptance of work hidden by subsequent work, in accordance with the requirements of the design and regulatory documentation, are documented in certificates of examination of hidden work (Appendix 12). The builder (customer) may require a re-examination after the elimination of the identified defects.
(12-01-2004, paragraphs 6.2, 6.2.1)
Acceptance control
1.27. To the procedure for assessing the conformity of individual structures, tiers of structures (floors), the performer of the work must submit certificates of examination of all hidden works that are part of these structures, geodetic executive schemes, as well as test reports for structures in cases provided for by design documentation and (or) a building contract . The developer (customer) can perform verification of the reliability of executive geodetic schemes presented by the contractor. To this end, the performer of the work must keep the alignment axes and mounting landmarks fixed in kind until the acceptance is completed.
The results of acceptance of individual structures must be documented in acts of acceptance of critical structures (Appendix 13).
1.28. The manual contains forms of certificates of examination covert work acceptance of critical structures.
The list of hidden works and critical structures is determined by the design documentation.
1.29. When erecting complex and unique objects, certificates of examination of hidden work, acceptance of critical structures should be drawn up taking into account special instructions and specifications project documentation.
1.30. In accordance with clause 4.4 of the chapter of SNiP 3.01.03-84, the design organization must also determine the list of critical structures and parts of the structure subject to executive geodetic survey when performing acceptance control.
1.31. Examination of concealed works and intermediate acceptance of critical structures is carried out by commissions with the mandatory participation of representatives:
bridge building department
technical supervision of the customer;
· Design organizations - when accepting critical structures and concealed works provided for by the contract for architectural supervision.
1.32. Inspection and acceptance of works under clause 1.31 is carried out as they are ready. The bridge building division is obliged to call in advance representatives of the technical supervision of the customer and design organizations.
1.33. Certificates of inspection of hidden works and acceptance of critical structures are drawn up in two copies and, after signing, are kept by the contractor and the customer.
1.34. Until the acceptance of hidden work, it is prohibited to carry out subsequent work. It is also prohibited to load completed critical structures of bridges and pipes with construction and operational loads until the acceptance certificate for these structures is issued.
1.35. The following documentation must be submitted during acceptance control:
Executive drawings with introduced (if any) deviations or changes and documents on their agreement with design organizations-developers of drawings;
factory technical data sheets, certificates, acts of acceptance by the factory inspection for steel, reinforced concrete and wooden structures;
certificates or passports certifying the quality of materials used in the production of construction and installation work;
certificates of examination of hidden works;
acts of intermediate acceptance of structures;
Executive geodetic schemes of the position of structures;
work logs;
quality control documents welded joints;
acts of testing structures (if tests are provided for by working drawings);
other documents specified in the working drawings.
(3.03.01-87, paragraph 1.22)
Technical Supervision
1.36. The technical supervision of the developer (customer) of the construction is carried out by:
checking that the performer of works has documents on quality (certificates in established cases) for the materials, products and equipment used by him, documented results input control and laboratory tests;
Control over compliance by the performer of works with the rules for warehousing and storage of materials, products and equipment used; if violations of these rules are detected, the technical supervision representative may prohibit the use of improperly stored and stored materials;
· control of compliance of the operational control performed by the contractor with the requirements of SNiP 12-01-2004, clause 6.1.6.
Monitoring the availability and correctness of the work performed by the performer executive documentation, including an assessment of the reliability of geodetic executive schemes of completed structures with selective control of the accuracy of the position of elements;
control over the elimination of defects in the design documentation identified during the construction process, documented return of defective documentation to the designer, control and documented acceptance of the corrected documentation, its transfer to the contractor;
control over the execution by the contractor of the instructions of state supervision bodies and local self-government;
· notification of state supervision authorities about all cases of emergency at the construction site;
Control of compliance of volumes and terms of performance of works with the terms of the contract and calendar plan construction;
assessment (together with the work contractor) of the compliance of the work performed, structures, sections of engineering networks, signing of bilateral acts confirming compliance; control over the fulfillment by the contractor of the work of the requirement on the inadmissibility of performing subsequent work until the signing of these acts;
final assessment (together with the work contractor) of the compliance of the completed construction facility with the requirements of legislation, design and regulatory documentation.
To carry out technical supervision, the developer (customer), if necessary, forms a technical supervision service, providing it with the design and necessary regulatory documentation, as well as control and measuring devices and tools.
1.37. In cases provided for by law, the developer of project documentation carries out architectural supervision of construction. The procedure for implementation and functions of architectural supervision are established by the relevant regulatory documents.
The remarks of the representatives of the technical supervision of the developer (customer) and architectural supervision are documented. The facts of elimination of defects according to the comments of these representatives are documented with their participation.
(12-01-2004, paragraphs 6.4, 6.5)
1.38. Architectural supervision is carried out on the basis of an agreement (regulatory document) and is carried out, as a rule, during the entire period of construction and commissioning of the facility, and, if necessary, the initial period of its operation.
(SP 11-110-99, paragraphs 4.1,4.2)
1.39. When exercising architectural supervision over the construction of an object, a journal of architectural supervision of construction (hereinafter referred to as the journal) is regularly maintained, which is compiled by the designer and transferred to the customer. Forms for filling out the journal are given in Appendix 5.
(SP 11-110-99, clause 5.1)
1.40. Logging can be carried out both for the construction site as a whole, and for its start-up complexes or individual buildings and structures.
The design of the journal should be carried out in accordance with GOST 2.105-95. The journal must be laced, numbered, decorated with all signatures on title page and affixed with the customer's stamp. The magazine is transferred by the customer to the contractor and is located at the construction site until it is completed. The journal is filled in by the head or specialists exercising architectural supervision, the customer and an authorized person of the contractor.
After construction is completed, the contractor hands over the magazine to the customer.
Each visit to the construction site by specialists is recorded in the journal.
Records and instructions of specialists are set out clearly, with the necessary references to the current building codes and rules, state standards, specifications.
(SP 11-110-99, paragraphs 5.1-5.5)
1.41. Representatives of state control (supervision) bodies, upon notification of the contractor, may participate, in accordance with their authority, in the procedures for assessing the conformity of the results of work hidden by subsequent work and individual structures.
(12-01-2004, item 6.9)
1.42. When discrepancies are identified, the state control (supervision) bodies apply the sanctions provided for by the current legislation.
Any construction and installation work is accompanied by quality control of the actions performed. Operational quality control of work is part of the activities of supervisory authorities involved in regulation in the field of creating new facilities capital construction. The specialists of these bodies monitor all types technical measures for compliance with applicable law.
Supervisory authorities will not have claims during construction and installation works:
- if strictly adhere to the construction requirements established in the rules and regulations;
- carry out all activities in accordance with state standards and documents of state supervision bodies;
- take into account all the requirements of project documentation.
The objects of operational control are the materials used. In addition, during the control, the condition of equipment and machinery, the availability of the necessary construction and installation documentation, and much more are checked.
Operational control is carried out on different stages construction: in progress earthworks, at the stages of arranging the foundation, installation, carpentry and finishing actions.
Let's take a closer look at each of these stages.
Earthwork control
The initial construction work is related to land plot, on which a new object is being built or an existing one is being reconstructed. At this stage, backfilling, development of excavations, arrangement of trenches and embankments can be performed.
When carrying out control measures, specialists visually check the marks for deviations of land construction formations from design parameters. In addition, experts check compliance geometric parameters and pits to the values specified in the project documentation. In parallel, the specialists of the supervisory authority check the documents for their compliance with general regulatory requirements.
Thus, the scheme of operational control at this stage is aimed at checking compliance with the correct arrangement of the selected area for subsequent construction works.
Foundation laying
One of milestones construction and installation work is the laying of the foundation, which begins immediately after the completion of earthworks.
In the future, its integrity, reliability and durability will depend on the quality of the foundation of the capital construction object.
Control measures at this stage, they are aimed at checking the soil layer on which the foundation will be laid. Experts check the composition of the soil, which should not contain construction garbage, particles of ice and snow, any other decaying elements.
Along with this, the specialists of the supervisory authority determine the characteristics of the blocks and structures that are planned to be used when laying the foundation of the structure. The quality of installation of building elements, the correctness of their location in structures, their distance from each other, the density of information and integrity are also controlled. Any violations identified at this stage, if they are not eliminated, may later lead to negative consequences and significantly reduce the life of the facility.
Installation control
The control of installation work includes a large amount of activity. At this stage, the installation of reinforced concrete columns, beam elements, floor slabs, shafts and panels is controlled.
The entire supervisory process can be conditionally divided into two stages:
- external and measuring check used building materials and structures (assessment of compliance of beams, slabs and other materials with the requirements of design documentation);
- control of installation actions after their completion (checking the installation of objects for compliance with the initially determined location).
At the first stage, the surfaces are inspected, the presence of cracks, concrete sagging and other defects is checked. At the second stage, the existing deviations, the reliability of the fasteners are evaluated. The results of the control measures carried out are the basis for drawing up an act of hidden deficiencies.
Control of carpentry and finishing works
At the next stages, carpentry and finishing works are controlled. As a rule, carpentry activities include the installation of window and door blocks. Before installing them, the characteristics of the material used are checked, including its compliance with the stated requirements. Estimated appearance, the accuracy of the parameters, after which the installation actions are directly controlled, insulation block structures, the correctness of their positions.
After that, finishing works are checked: the quality of materials, their compliance with environmental and design requirements.
Completion finishing works entails control operational properties finishes. At this stage, possible shortcomings of coatings are identified and recommendations are given for their elimination.
Roofing, insulation and finishing measures
Almost every project provides for the implementation of hydro-, noise- and thermal insulation measures. They are mandatory both for residential buildings and for most industrial facilities, and are designed to neutralize the negative factors affecting the facility from the outside.
Particular attention in the implementation of control is given to roofing work.
Both basic designs and quality are checked roofing materials, their density and reliability.
Thus, operational quality control includes a whole set of measures that must be implemented at each stage of construction and installation activities. Control measures provide for a high degree of responsibility on the part of the inspection structures, since the quality of operational control directly affects the safety of operation of the construction site.
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CENTRAL
SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH PROJECT AND EXPERIMENTAL INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MECHANIZATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE USSR STATE CONSTRUCTION
FOR IMPLEMENTATION
OPERATING
CONTROL
MOSCOW - 1973
CENTRAL
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MECHANIZATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE USSR STATE CONSTRUCTION
FOR IMPLEMENTATION
OPERATING
CONTROL
|
Moscow - 1973 |
QUALITY OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION WORKS
PUBLISHING HOUSE OF LITERATURE ON CONSTRUCTION
Recommendations for the implementation of operational quality control of construction and installation works were developed by TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (performed by engineer E. M. Zolotnikov), NIISP Gosstroy of the Ukrainian SSR (performed by inzh. L. I. Pokrass).
Plan If-III k. 1971, M 14
1. These Recommendations establish general order operational quality control of construction and installation and special construction works in the construction of buildings and structures for various purposes, being built in ordinary areas and in areas with special natural conditions(seismic, distribution of permafrost subsidence and other soils, etc.).
2. Recommendations are mandatory for construction and installation and specialized construction organizations, regardless of their departmental subordination, as well as for the technical supervision of the customer (developer), architectural supervision of design organizations.
3. The main objectives of the operational quality control of construction and installation and special construction works are:
ensuring compliance of construction and special construction works performed with the project and the requirements of regulatory documents for construction. approved or agreed by Gosstroy of the USSR;
timely identification of the causes of defects in the production of work and the adoption of measures to eliminate them;
increasing the responsibility of direct executors (working units, teams) for the quality of work.
4. Operational quality control of construction and installation works is assigned to the foremen and foremen who manage the construction of buildings and structures.
If necessary, construction laboratories and geodetic and surveying services, as well as specialists involved in control are involved in operational control. certain types works;
is carried out in accordance with the schemes of operational quality control of work performance (SOQC),
attached to technological cards, which are integral part work production projects (PPR). approved by engineers of construction and installation or specialized construction organizations in accordance with the Instructions on the procedure for compiling and approving. design of projects for the organization of construction and projects for the production of works (SN 47-67), approved by the USSR State Construction Committee.
For the construction of facilities for which technological maps are not being developed, the groups for the preparation of production and the design of the production of works of construction organizations are required to issue standard or reuse SOCC.
5. The preparation of the SOCC is carried out on the basis of the requirements of regulatory documents for construction and state standards.
6. SOCC should contain:
sketches of structures indicating the permissible deviations according to SNiP, and, if necessary, the main characteristics of the quality of the material or structures (strength, frost resistance, fire resistance, etc.);
a list of operations, the execution of which must be checked by the foreman or foreman;
data on the composition of the control, established on the basis of the requirements of regulatory documents for construction and working drawings, indicating what needs to be checked (for example, the cross-section of the reinforcement and the location of the reinforcing bars; compliance of the actual dimensions of the elements with the design ones; monolithic floor slabs and coatings, their connection to each other , as well as with strapping and anti-seismic belts, etc.);
an indication of the method of monitoring the operations performed - how and with what the check should be carried out (visually, instrumentally - name measuring instruments and tools, etc.);
terms of control;
a list of hidden works to be handed over to representatives of the technical supervision of the customer (developer);
re-evaluation of operations controlled with the participation of a construction laboratory, geodetic surveying service (observance of the geometric parameters of the project, the accuracy of transferring design data to nature
etc.), as well as specialists involved in the control of certain types of work;
The scheme is drawn in a format of 420X297 mm, which is reduced when reprinted to the required size.
An example of SOCC is given in the appendix.
7. The list of hidden works to be handed over to representatives of the technical supervision of the customer is determined by the compilers of the SOKK on the basis of SNiP and other regulatory documents, while indicating the sequence of handing over hidden works (for example, welding of embedded parts before the production of anti-corrosion protection, etc.).
Note. The specified list must necessarily include work on laying reinforcement outlets (anchors) in foundations, supports, ceilings in order to use them in the construction of anti-seismic belts.
8. When determining the list of operations controlled with the participation of a construction laboratory, a geodetic surveying service, as well as specialists involved in the control of certain types of work, one should be guided by the current Standard Regulations on laboratories of construction and installation organizations and their manufacturing enterprises, the Regulations on the geodesic and mine surveying service in construction and installation organizations and other regulatory documents approved or agreed by the USSR State Construction Committee.
9. SOKK are developed by orders of contracting construction organizations by the Orgtekhstroy (Org-stroy) trusts, groups for the preparation and design of the production of construction and installation and specialized construction organizations, and for experimental construction - by design and research institutes.
10. The management of the construction and installation or specialized construction organization, no later than 15 days before the start of work, must transfer to the immediate supervisor of the construction of the building or structure (foreman, foreman) the SOCC complete with WEP and technological maps. SOKK should be presented at the request of persons controlling the quality of construction.
11. The start of construction and installation and special construction work must be preceded by an inspection
foremen and foremen with the participation, if necessary, of representatives of construction laboratories of the quality of building materials, products, semi-finished products, structures (as they are received for construction), as well as the compliance of these passports and certificates for them with the requirements of projects.
12. All defects identified during the operational control (deviations from projects, standards, requirements of regulatory documents for construction) must be eliminated before the start of subsequent operations (works).
13. The organization of operational control and the establishment of supervision over its implementation are assigned to the heads and chief engineers of construction and installation and specialized construction organizations (sections, departments, trusts, etc.).
14. Chief engineers of construction and installation and specialized construction organizations are obliged to ensure before the start of work at the facility:
briefing of the line engineering and technical personnel of construction sites and workshops on the procedure for conducting operational control, drawn up by an appropriate entry in the journal of work on the construction of the facility;
study by all engineering and technical workers and workers of the requirements of SNiP when performing construction and installation work in areas with special natural conditions, checking the knowledge of these workers, processing the results of this check;
instructing newly recruited engineering and technical workers on the procedure for exercising operational quality control of work performance.
15. Engineering and technical workers who carry out operational quality control of construction and installation and special construction works are required to keep records of manufacturing defects and defects identified in the process of this control and enter them in the logs of works on the construction of facilities.
APPENDIX
SCHEME OF OPERATIONAL QUALITY CONTROL
(Installation of foundation formwork)
1 - deviations internal dimensions(length, width) glasses of building foundations - 15 mm; 2 - deviations of the ledges in the plan -20 mm; 3 - deviations from the horizontal ±5 mm;
4 - deviations in the arrangement of holes for connecting elements (wedges, bolts, etc.) - 0.5 mm;
5 - offset relative to the center axes of the lower row ± 20 mm;
6 - offset relative to the center axes of the glasses and blocks of the upper row ± 110 mm; 7 - permissible deviation of the top of the foundations ± 5 mm;
I - deviations of the marks of the supporting surfaces of the foundations from the design ones - 20 mm; P - deviations from the vertical or from the design slope of the formwork planes for the entire height of the foundation - 20 mm, for 1 m of height - 5 mm; /0 - deviations of marks of foundation edges ±15 mm; L - deviations in the length and width of shields and frames for
them - b mm.
Note. If the work at the facility is headed by one manager (foreman or foreman), he performs all control functions according to the scheme.
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Moscow, K-31, Kuznetsky most, 9, Stroyizdat 0
Publishing house editor V. V. Petrova Technical editor K. E. Tarkhova Proofreader M. F. Kazakova
Handed over in a set on 22/XI-1972. Signed for printing on 13/XII, 1972 T-20 236 Printing paper No. 2 84X108 "/* - 0.126 paper. l.
0.42 arb. oven l. (account-ed. 0.4 l.)
Circulation 50.000 copies. Ed. No. XII-3936 Order no. Ni 463 Price 3 kop.
Podolsk Printing House of Glavpoligrafprom State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Publishing, Printing and Book Trade Podolsk, st. Kirova, 25
Operational (or intermediate) control is carried out at construction sites in the process of performing production operations or construction processes and should ensure the timely detection of defects, their causes and the adoption of measures to eliminate and prevent them.
The composition and content of operational control is regulated by RSN-73 guidelines. This knowledge establishes the general procedure for monitoring the implementation of construction and installation and special works in the construction of buildings and structures for various purposes. The task of operational control is to ensure compliance of the construction, installation and special works performed with the project and the requirements of regulatory documents (SNiP, GOST, OST, etc.), as well as to increase the responsibility of the performers directly for the quality of the work performed.
Intermediate control is carried out according to operational control schemes (SOCC).
The scheme of operational quality control should contain:
■ sketch of the structure indicating on it the point of control application;
■ permissible deviations according to SNiP;
■ the main technical characteristics of the material or structure (strength, frost resistance, fire resistance, etc.);
■ a list of operations, the implementation of which must be checked with reference to who exercises this control - foreman, foreman);
■ composition of control;
■ method of control;
■ timing (stages) of implementation;
■ a list of operations controlled with the participation of a construction laboratory, a geodetic service, as well as specialists in certain types of work. If necessary, operations requiring special tests (systems, assemblies, etc.) are indicated;
■ a list of concealed works to be handed over to the representative of the customer's technical supervision (examples of the design and content of the operational control scheme are given in appendices 2 and 3)..
The organization of operational control and verification of its implementation is usually assigned to the chief engineers of enterprises, who are obliged to instruct the line engineering and technical personnel (before starting work) on the procedure for conducting operational control with a corresponding entry in the work log for the construction of the facility. Foremen (foremen) who carry out operational control of work must fill out special statistical control cards, which reflect the operation performed in violation of regulatory requirements and not accepted from the first presentation. Identification during operational control of defects, deviations from the project, GOST, OST should be eliminated before the start of subsequent operations.
INSTALLATION OF WALL BLOCKS UNDERGROUND PART OF BUILDINGS
13.03.01-87 paras. 3.5, 3.6, tab. 12
Limit deviations:
- from the alignment of the installation landmarks of the wall blocks with the risks of the center axes - no more than 12 mm;
- from the vertical of the top of the planes of the wall blocks -12 mm.
The brand of the solution must correspond to the design.
The mobility of the bedding solution should be 5-7 cm.
The installation of wall blocks should be carried out in compliance with the dressing.
Not allowed:
The use of a solution whose setting process has already begun, as well as the restoration of its plasticity by adding water;
Contamination of bearing surfaces.
| STAGES OF WORK | CONTROLLED OPERATIONS | CONTROL (method, volume) |
DOCUMENTATION |
| Preparatory work | Verify: The quality of the surface and appearance of the blocks, the accuracy of their geometric dimensions; Transfer of the main axes of the foundations to a cast-off; Preparation of foundation blocks for installation, including cleaning of supporting surfaces from dirt and ice |
visual Visual, measuring Measuring Visual, every element |
Passports for slabs and locks, general work log |
| Installation fundamental |
To control: Installation of foundation blocks, compliance of their position in plan and height with the requirements of the project; The density of the junction of the base of the foundation blocks to the surface of the base; Filling joints with cement mortar according to project requirements |
Visual |
General work log |
| Acceptance completed |
Verify: Deviation from the vertical of the planes of the wall blocks; Deviation of the axes of the foundation blocks relative to the center axes; Filling the joints between blocks with mortar |
Measuring, each element Visual |
Executive geodetic scheme, work acceptance certificate |
Control and measuring tool: level, tape measure, metal ruler, plumb line, rule.
Operational control is carried out by: a foreman (foreman), a surveyor - in the process of performing work. Acceptance control is carried out by: an employee of the quality service, a foreman (foreman), a representative of the technical supervision of the customer.
Requirements and quality of applied structures
GOST 13580-85*. Slabs of reinforced concrete strip foundations. Specifications. GOST 13579-78*. Blocks concrete for basement walls. Specifications.
Up to 1000 mm - +10 mm;
St. 1000 to 1600 mm - ± 10 mm;
St. 1600 to 3200 mm -±15 mm.
Permissible deviations of length and width:
Deviation of the position of the mounting loop above the plane of the plate + 10 ... -5 mm. Deviations of the position of embedded products:
In the plane of the plate - 10 mm;
From the plane of the plate - 3 mm.
Non-straightness of the upper plane of the slab in any section along the entire length or width:
Up to 1000 mm - 1.5 mm;
Over 1000 to 1600 mm - 3.0 mm;
Over 1600 to 3200 mm - 4.0 mm.
Not allowed:
On the surface of the slabs, shells with a diameter of more than 20 mm or chipped ribs with a depth of more than 20 mm.
Permissible deviations of block sizes:
Lengthwise - ±13 mm;
in width and height - ± 8 mm;
By the size of the cutouts - ± 5 mm.
The deviation from the straightness of the profile of the block surfaces should not exceed 3 mm per
the entire length and width of the block.
Not allowed:
- cracks, with the exception of local, surface, shrinkage cracks, with a width of not more than 0.1 mm;
- exposure of reinforcement, except for outlets.
Work instructions SNiP 3.03.01-87 paragraphs. 3.9,3.11
Installation of foundation structures is allowed to be carried out only after the completion of the entire complex of earthworks, breakdown of axes and foundation. Prior to installation, on the upper edges of the foundation slabs and blocks and at their bases, marks must be applied with indelible paint, fixing the position of the axes of the slabs and blocks. The supporting surfaces of the slabs and blocks must be cleaned of contamination. Installation of wall blocks should be carried out, starting with the installation of lighthouse blocks in the corners of the building and at the intersection of the axes. Beacon blocks are installed by combining their axial risks with the risks of the center axes in two mutually perpendicular directions. The installation of ordinary blocks should be started after reconciling the position of the lighthouse blocks in terms of and in height.
Ordinary blocks should be installed, orienting the bottom along the edge of the blocks of the lower row, the top - along the center line. Blocks of external walls installed below the ground level must be aligned on the inside of the wall, and above - on the outside. Vertical and horizontal seams must be filled with mortar and embroidered on both sides.
INSTALLATION OF BALCONY PLATES AND LIMPERS
Technical requirements
SNiP 3.03.01-87 paragraphs. 3.5, 3.6, tab. 12
Balcony slabs:
The difference between the levels of the plane of the balcony slab and the floor of the room should be no more than 80-1000 mm;
The slope of the balcony slab from the outer wall is 2%.
Jumpers:
Permissible deviations of the marks of the supporting surfaces of the wall -10 mm;
The value of the support of the jumpers on the walls - according to the project;
The side surface of the jumpers should not go beyond the plane of the wall.
Requirements for the quality of the materials used
GOST 25697-83*. Slabs of balconies and loggias are reinforced concrete. General specifications. GOST 948-84. Reinforced concrete lintels for buildings with brick walls. Specifications.
Composition of operations and controls
| STAGES OF WORK | CONTROLLED OPERATIONS | CONTROL (method, volume) |
DOCUMENTATION |
| Preparatory work | Verify: Availability of a quality document; surface quality, accuracy of geometric parameters, appearance of plates, lintels; The presence of markings that determine the design positions of plates and lintels |
Visual Visual, measuring each element |
Passports (certificates), general work log |
| Installation of balcony slabs | To control: Installation of balcony slabs in the design position; Quality of welding work; Installation of reinforced concrete lintels in the design position |
Measuring, each element Visual, measuring Measuring, each element |
General work log, journal welding work |
| Acceptance of work performed | Verify: The actual position of the mounted plates and lintels; The quality of the welded joints, the monolithic joints; Appearance of elements |
Measuring Technical inspection Visual | Certificate of examination (acceptance) of work performed |
Control and measuring tool: metal tape measure, metal ruler, plumb line, level, level.
Operational control is carried out by: foreman (foreman), engineer (laboratory assistant) - in the process of work.
Acceptance control is carried out by: employees of the quality service, foreman (foreman), representatives of the technical supervision of the customer.
| DEVIATION NAMES | NAME | LIMIT |
| FROM GEOMETRIC PARAMETER | geometric parameter | DEFLECTION, mm |
| Deviation from linear dimension | Product length, mm: | |
| up to 2500 | ±6 | |
| St. 2500 to 4000 | ±8 | |
| St. 4000 | ±10 | |
| Width and Height | ±5 | |
| REJECTION of position of mortgages | Embedded parts position: | |
| details | in plane | 3 |
| out of plane | 5 | |
| Straightness deviation | Straightness of the face | |
| by lenght | ±3 |
Reinforced concrete lintels are allowed to be manufactured with a technological slope of the side and end faces. The dimensions of the bottom face of the jumper can be smaller than the corresponding sizes of the top face:
Length - up to 20 mm;
Width - up to 8 mm.
The values of the actual deviations of the geometric parameters of the lintels and balcony slabs should not exceed the limit values indicated in the table.
Grease and rust stains are not allowed on the front surfaces of reinforced concrete products. Markings and signs are applied on the end side of the lintel, and on the balcony slab - on the end side hidden in the wall. The label must contain:
The brand of the product;
Short name of the manufacturer;
date of manufacture;
The value of the mass of the product.
Work instructions
SNiP 3.03.01-87 paragraphs. 2.112, 3.4
Balcony slabs and lintels are mounted simultaneously with the construction of external walls. The supporting parts of the masonry for prefabricated reinforced concrete structures must be made of whole bricks in bonded rows.
When installing balcony slabs, it is necessary to perform temporary fastenings in the form of supports made of timber. Permanent fastening must be carried out immediately in accordance with the requirements of the project. Metal embedded parts hidden in the masonry are subject to protection with an anti-corrosion coating.
For the welding of fittings, embedded parts and for the sealing of balcony slabs, certificates of examination of hidden works must be drawn up.
