Interesting and educational quizzes for primary and secondary school children. Quizzes on the topic “Vegetables”. All quiz questions with answers. Quizzes about what grows in the garden, in the beds, about vegetables for children.
Quiz “In the garden”
■ It can be bitter or sweet, and its fruits have different shapes and colors. It is famous not only as a unique food, but also as an aromatic and medicinal product. It contains five times more vitamin C than lemon. (Pepper).
■ This vegetable “came” to us from America two hundred years ago and at first we didn’t like the taste at all. It’s just that people didn’t immediately figure out what they needed to eat—they even ate flowers and green berries. For some time, its bushes with flowers and fruits unusual for Russia served as decoration for ladies' hats at balls and theaters. Many delicious dishes and sauces are currently made from it. (Tomato or tomato).
■ This vegetable was known in India already 3 thousand years ago and from there it spread across all continents. Since then, people have learned to make many salads and pickles from it. And sometimes they are grown in gardens for their beautiful yellow flowers and leaves. There is a known wild species of this plant, the fruit of which “shoots” seeds several meters away. (Cucumber, “mad” cucumber).
■ This vegetable has always been valued for its sweet juiciness and healing properties. After all, it contains a lot of vitamin A (beta-carotene), which is very important for human health and growth. This vitamin improves vision. Therefore, all children (not just hares) need to eat it as often as possible. (Carrot).
■ This vegetable is a long-standing symbol of health and well-being. It is no coincidence that braids and wreaths woven from it are hung in many homes, grocery stores, and markets to this day. It, both green and onion, is a “protector” from harmful microbes. (Onion).
■ This vegetable in green pods is one of children’s favorite treats in the world. country garden bed. It has long been grown not only for delicious soups and porridge, but also for very nutritious flour, which was mixed with wheat or rye flour and baked into bread, pancakes, and pies. (Peas).
■ This vegetable has long been known on all continents. Even in the north of our country and America it gives good harvest and feeds people all year round. A total of 35 species are known. They are eaten fresh, making various salads, cabbage rolls, and cutlets. And when fermented, it is a storehouse of various vitamins. (Cabbage).
■ One of the largest vegetables. And people always have a weakness for the huge - it awakens the imagination. Therefore, this vegetable is treated with special respect. At the whim of a person, this vegetable reaches incredible sizes and can weigh up to 100 kg. It is easy to grow: it is unpretentious, grows even without care, and due to its size it is not popular with thieves. (Pumpkin).
■ Closest relatives of the most common pumpkin. They are fried or stewed with other vegetables, canned like cucumbers, and sometimes eaten raw and even made into jam. (Zucchini).
■ These vegetables are very beautiful, looking like stars or flowers. They decorate New Year trees, decorate kitchens and cottages, and make funny toys, decorative vases and baskets from them. (Patissons).
Quiz "Vegetable"
■ Which vegetable changes its name three times? (Onion, onion sets, onion).
■ What did they give for dessert after dinner in Ancient Egypt? (Boiled heads of cabbage).
■ What vegetable were lazy people called in the old days? (Peas).
■Which vegetable contains a lot of starch? (Potato).
■ Which vegetable resembles a flying (space) saucer? (Squash).
■ What causes tears without pain and sadness? (Onion).
■ What is not sweeter than radishes? (Horseradish).
■ The name of which vegetable comes from Latin word"kaput"? (Cabbage).
■ What does the word “melon” mean? (Garden).
■ Which vegetable contains a large amount of growth vitamins? (Carrot).
■ Round and smooth, if you take a bite, it’s sweet... Settled firmly in the garden bed... (Turnip).
■ Which vegetable is called the second bread? (Potato).
■ What did Cinderella's carriage turn into? (Pumpkin).
■ It sits in the ground, its tail looks up, you can get sugar from it, cook delicious borscht. (Beet).
■ What caused the princess's insomnia? Peas.
Blitz quiz “Vegetables”
■ A place where vegetables grow. (Garden).
■ It can be both sweet and bitter. (Pepper).
■ It is used to make ketchup and tomato paste. (Tomato).
■ A vegetable whose fruits are the largest of all vegetables. (Pumpkin).
■ Cabbage, Brussels sprouts, Savoy, kohlrabi, leaf cabbage - this is... (Cabbage).
■ A vegetable that contains a lot of vitamin A (Carrots).
■ They are called plant-based meats because they contain a lot of protein. (Peas and beans, or legumes.)
■ Delicious puree is made from it. (Potato).
■ A relative of watermelons and melons. (Pumpkin).
■ Stem turnip. (Kohlrabi).
■ Homeland of the tomato. (America).
Of course, this “modesty” had an objective reason: cold winters and a short summer season in Russia did not allow the cultivation of many vegetables, as in Western European countries, but the ingenuity of our people sometimes led to miracles, for example: in the Solovetsky Monastery, located above the Arctic Circle , the monks treated Emperor Peter I to watermelons they had grown. The famous director V.I., who visited the same monastery in 1874 Nemirovich-Danchenko wrote: “ Watermelons, melons, cucumbers and peaches grew here. Of course, all this is in greenhouses. The ovens were built with heat pipes under the soil on which fruit trees grew" And it is obvious that such an example of gardening and horticulture was not the only one.
So, let's talk about vegetables according to the chronology of their appearance, i.e. according to the approximate time of the beginning of their cultural breeding in Russia. It should be noted that many of the centuries given in this article are quite arbitrary, because exact dates are given only by references to the use of these vegetables in ancient documents. And in general, if you believe our historians and agronomists, then in the beds of the medieval Russian peasant there were only three or four vegetables, and in the pre-Rurik era the Slavs ate only turnips and peas.
Turnip
Turnips can rightfully be called the “progenitor” of all vegetable crops grown in Rus'. Our people consider this vegetable to be “originally Russian.” Now no one can say when it appeared on the table, but it is assumed that during the period of the emergence of agriculture among the Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes.
There were times when in Rus' a turnip harvest failure was equated to a natural disaster. And this is not surprising, because turnips grow quickly and almost everywhere, and from this vegetable one could easily prepare a full meal with the “first” and “second” courses, and even the “third”. They made soups and stews from turnips, cooked porridge, prepared kvass and butter, it was a filling for pies, they stuffed geese and ducks with it, they fermented turnips and salted them for the winter. Turnip juice, added with honey, was used for medicinal purposes. Probably, this would have continued to this day if Emperor Nicholas I (it was he, not Peter I) had not forced Russian peasants to grow and eat potatoes, which greatly spoiled their relationship with turnips.
The saying has survived to this day: “Simpler than a steamed turnip,” and it originated precisely in those ancient times, when turnips, along with bread and cereals, were a staple food and were quite cheap.
Peas
 |
Many of us believe that peas are “the most Russian food”, with which other nationalities are not particularly familiar. There is some truth in this. Indeed, peas have been known in Rus' since time immemorial; they are cultivated from the 6th century. It is no coincidence that, emphasizing the remoteness of this or that event, they say: “This was when it happened, back under Tsar Gorokh!”
For a long time, Russian people have given preference to pea dishes among various dishes. From “Domostroy” - a national written monument of the 16th century, a kind of code of laws on the way of life of our ancestors - we learn about the existence of many pea dishes, the recipes of which are now lost. So, in fast days in Rus' they baked pies with peas, ate pea soup and pea noodles...
And yet peas came to us from overseas countries. It is generally accepted that the ancestor of all cultivated pea varieties grew in the Mediterranean region, as well as in India, Tibet and some other southern countries.
Peas began to be cultivated en masse as a field crop in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century. After the large-grained pea variety was brought to us from France, it quickly became very popular. Peas even glorified an entire province - Yaroslavl. Local gardeners came up with their own way to dry pea “shovels” and for a long time supplied them abroad. They knew how to grow and cook the famous “green peas” in the villages of Ugodichi and Sulost, not far from Rostov the Great.
Cabbage
 |
On the territory of modern Russia, cabbage first appeared on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus - this was the period of Greco-Roman colonization in the 7th-5th centuries BC. Only in the 9th century did Slavic peoples begin to cultivate cabbage. Gradually the plant spread throughout the territory of Rus'.
In the Principality of Kiev, the first written mentions of cabbage date back to 1073, in Svyatoslav’s Izbornik. During this period, its seeds began to be imported for cultivation from European countries.
Cabbage was a good thing in Rus'. This cold-resistant and moisture-loving vegetable felt great on the territory of all Russian principalities. Its strong white heads of cabbage, which have an excellent taste, were grown in many peasant households. The nobility also revered cabbage. For example, Prince of Smolensk Rostislav Mstislavovich presented to his friend as an expensive and special gift, a whole garden cabbage, called "cabbage" in those days. Cabbage was consumed both fresh and boiled. But most of all in Rus', sauerkraut was valued for its ability to retain “health-improving” properties in winter period.
Cucumber
 |
There is no exact information about when the cucumber first appeared in Rus'. It is believed that he was known to us even before 9th century, having penetrated us, most likely, from Southeast Asia, and there the cucumber grew in the tropical and subtropical forests of Indochina, twining around trees like vines. According to other sources, cucumbers appeared only in the 15th century, and the first mention of cucumbers in the Muscovy state was made by the German ambassador Herberstein in 1528 in his notes on a trip to Muscovy.
Travelers from Western Europe were always surprised that cucumbers are grown in huge quantities in Rus' and that in cold northern Russia they grow even better than in Europe. This is also mentioned in the “Detailed Description of the Travel of the Holstein Embassy to Muscovy and Persia” by the German traveler Elschläger, written in the 30s of the 17th century.
Peter I, who loved to do everything on a grand scale and with a scientific approach, issues a decree according to which cucumbers and melons begin to be grown in greenhouses in the Prosyan Royal Garden in Izmailovo.
In the Suzdal archives, records from the 18th century of the keymaster of the Nativity Cathedral, Anania Fedorov, were found: “ In the city of Sujdal, due to the kindness of the earth and the pleasantness of the air, there is an abundance of onions, garlic, and especially cucumbers." At the same time, other “cucumber capitals” were gradually formed - Murom, Klin, Nezhin. The breeding of local varieties begins, some of which have survived to this day, having undergone minor improvements.
Beet
 |
For the first time beets are mentioned in written monuments Ancient Rus' V X-XI centuries., in particular, in Svyatoslav’s Izbornik, and it came to us, like many other cultivated vegetables, from the Byzantine Empire. The ancestor of table beets, as well as sugar and fodder beets, is wild chard.
It is assumed that beets began their glorious journey across Rus' from the Principality of Kyiv. From here it penetrated the Novgorod and Moscow lands, Poland and Lithuania.
In the XIV century. Beets have already begun to be grown everywhere in Rus'. This is evidenced by numerous entries in the income and expenditure books of monasteries, shop books and other sources. And in the 16th-17th centuries, beets completely “Russified”; Russians considered them a local plant. Beet crops moved far to the north - even the residents of Kholmogory successfully cultivated it. During the same period, beets were divided into table beets and livestock feed. In the 18th century Fodder beet hybrids were created, from which they then began to grow sugar beets.
In Russia, the first sugar production from beets was organized by Count Bobrinsky, the illegitimate son of Empress Catherine II and Grigory Orlov. However, it developed rather slowly, and sugar was very expensive. Even at the beginning of the 19th century, it surpassed honey in price. Therefore, sugar did not play a significant role in the diet of the common people of Russia for quite a long time, but was used rather as a delicacy.
Beetroot was actively used in Rus' for medicinal purposes, and one can talk endlessly about its beneficial health properties.
Onion
 |
Onions became famous in Russia in the XII-XIII centuries. Presumably, onions came to Russia from the banks of the Danube along with trading people. The first centers of onion cultivation arose near trade centers. Gradually they began to be created near other cities and villages with suitable conditions for growing onions. climatic conditions. Such centers of onion sowing began to be called “nests”. The entire local population was engaged in growing onions. From the seeds, onion sets were obtained, the next year a selection of onions and, finally, a mother onion. Over the centuries, local varieties of onions have been improved, the names of which were often given according to the settlements where they were created.
But we should not forget that in many places in Russia wild leeks (ramson) also grow, which our ancestors collected and stored in the spring, probably long before the cultivation of onions.
Radish
 |
This is the second vegetable, the history of which has been lost in the mists of time, although according to some historians in Rus', black radish appeared in XIV century. Radish came to Russian soil from the Mediterranean countries and gradually became popular among all classes. This is also evidenced by the fact that radish, as an obligatory component, was used in the preparation of one of the most ancient and legendary Russian dishes - turi.
In the old days there was such a popular saying: “ Our clerk has seven variations: trikha radish, sliced radish, radish with kvass, radish with butter, radish in pieces, radish in cubes, and whole radish"(note: trikha - grated, lomtikha - cut into slices).
Radish was also used to make the oldest folk delicacy - mazyunya, which was prepared like this: they made radish flour, boiled it in white molasses until thickened, adding various spices. Here are references to delicious dishes from the manuscript “A Book for the Whole Year, What Dishes to Serve on the Table”: “Constantinople-style radish with honey”, “grated radish “on iron” with molasses”, “mazyunya”.
And in the old days, radish was popularly called a “repentant vegetable.” Why? The fact is that most radishes were eaten on “days of repentance”, i.e. during the seven-week Great Lent, the longest and most arduous of all church fasts. IN Lent They didn’t play weddings, didn’t dance, didn’t eat meat or butter, didn’t drink milk - it was a sin, but eating vegetables was not forbidden. And since this fast falls in the spring, when the peasants no longer had fresh cabbage and turnips in their bins, since these vegetables could not be stored for long, radishes came first in the diet.
Carrot
 |
Carrots are one of the oldest vegetable plants, people have been using it for more than 4 thousand years. Carrot varieties with reddish roots are native to the Mediterranean, while those with purple, white and yellow roots are native to India and Afghanistan.
In the 16th century, modern orange carrots appeared in Europe. It is believed that this variety was invented by Dutch breeders.
Meanwhile, the outstanding Russian scientist, popularizer of natural sciences N.F. Zolotnitsky argued that the Krivichi people of Ancient Rus' (VI-IX) already knew carrots: in those days there was a custom of bringing them as a gift to the deceased, putting them in a boat, which was then burned along with the deceased.
It is known for sure that carrots were popular in Rus' already in the Middle Ages. In “Domostroy” (XVI century) it is said: “ And in the fall they salt cabbage and put out beets, and store turnips and carrots.” As the monastery income and expenditure books testify, carrots were even supplied to the royal table: “Porridge of turnips or carrots in frying pans, or carrots steamed under garlic in vinegar.” And in the book of the Volokolamsk Monastery (1575-1576) it is noted: “Given to Ivan Ugrimov 4 hryvnia... for seedlings and for garden seeds, for onions, for cucumbers... and for carrots...».
According to foreigners who visited the Moscow state in those days, there were many vegetable gardens with carrots around the capital. And among the people themselves at that time, carrot porridge and carrots steamed with garlic in vinegar were very popular.
In Russian herbalists, medicinal and economic manuals of the 16th–17th centuries, it was written that carrots have healing properties, in particular: carrot juice was used to treat heart and liver diseases, it was recommended as a remedy for coughs and jaundice.
In the 17th century, Russian carrot pies became mandatory at various folk celebrations. “Long pies with carrots” are mentioned in the “Consumable Book of the Patriarchal Order for Food Served to Patriarch Andrian and Persons of Various Rank.”
In the 19th century in Russia, varieties of folk carrot selection were known, for example: “Vorobevskaya” from the Moscow region, “Davydovskaya” from the Yaroslavl province, “Staratel” from near Nizhny Novgorod.
Sweet pepper
 |
The primary center of origin of pepper is considered to be Mexico and Guatemala, where until now it is concentrated greatest variety its wild forms. All over the world this pepper is called “sweet” and only in Russia and the post-Soviet space – “Bulgarian”.
In Russia, the appearance of sweet peppers dates back to the beginning 16th century, brought it from Turkey or Iran. For the first time in Russian literature, it was mentioned only in 1616 in the manuscript “The Blessed Flower Garden or Herbalist.” Pepper became widespread in Russia only after a century and a half, but then it was called “Turkish”.
Pumpkin
 |
Today it is difficult to believe that six hundred years ago pumpkin did not grow at all in Russia and neighboring countries.
The real homeland of this vegetable is often called America, or more precisely, Mexico and Peru, and supposedly pumpkin seeds were brought to Europe by Christopher Columbus. But at the beginning of the 20th century, a Russian expedition led by scientist, geneticist and breeder Nikolai Vavilov found wild pumpkins in northern Africa, and everyone immediately started talking about the fact that the “black” continent is the homeland of pumpkins. Some scientists reject these versions, considering China or India to be the birthplace of the plant. Although it is also known that pumpkin was consumed in Pharaonic Egypt and in Ancient Rome, in the latter, Polinius the Elder and Petronius mentioned pumpkin in their works.
In Russia, this vegetable appeared only in XVI century, according to one opinion, Persian merchants brought it with goods. In Europe, pumpkins appeared everywhere a little later, in the 19th century, although back in 1584, French explorer Jacques Cartier reported that he had found “huge watermelons.” Pumpkin quickly became popular because... it did not require any special conditions, grew everywhere, and always gave a rich harvest. On holidays, almost every Russian hut served the so-called “fixed pumpkin.” They took a large fruit, cut off the top, stuffed it with minced meat with onions and spices, covered it with the top and baked it in the oven. After an hour and a half, a magnificent dish was obtained, the analogues of which are difficult to find in our history.
Potato
 |
Potatoes are the most “long-suffering vegetable” in Russia, since its rooting in our country lasted for several centuries and took place with noise and riots.
The very history of the appearance of potatoes in Russia dates back to the era of Peter I, who at the end 17th century sent a bag of tubers from Holland to the capital for distribution to the provinces for cultivation. But Peter I’s wonderful idea was not destined to come true during his lifetime. The fact is that the peasants, who were the first to be forced to plant potatoes, unknowingly began to collect not the “roots”, but the “tops”, i.e. tried to eat not potato tubers, but its berries, which are poisonous.
As history shows, Peter’s decrees on the widespread cultivation of “earth apples” caused riots that forced the tsar to abandon the complete “potatoization” of the country, thereby allowing the people to forget about potatoes for half a century.
Then Catherine II took over the potatoes. During her reign, the Senate issued a special decree in 1765 and issued “Instructions on the cultivation and consumption of earthen apples.” In the autumn of the same year, 464 poods and 33 pounds of potatoes were purchased and delivered from Ireland to St. Petersburg. The potatoes were placed in barrels and carefully covered with straw, and at the end of December they were sent along a sled road to Moscow to be distributed from here to the provinces. stood severe frosts. A convoy with potatoes arrived in Moscow and was solemnly greeted by the authorities. But it turned out that the potatoes were almost completely frozen on the way. Only five quadruples remained suitable for landing - about 135 kilograms. IN next year the preserved potatoes were planted in the Moscow apothecary garden, and the resulting harvest was sent to the provinces. Control over the implementation of this event was carried out by local governors. But the idea failed again - the people stubbornly refused to allow a foreign product onto their table.
In 1839, during the reign of Nicholas I, there was a severe shortage of food in the country, followed by famine. The government has taken decisive measures to prevent such incidents from happening in the future. As usual, “fortunately the people were driven with a club.” The Emperor ordered that potatoes be planted in all provinces.
In the Moscow province, state peasants were ordered to grow potatoes at the rate of 4 measures (105 l) per person, and they had to work for free. In the Krasnoyarsk province, those who did not want to plant potatoes were sent to hard labor to build the Bobruisk fortress. “Potato riots” broke out again in the country, which were brutally suppressed. However, since then potatoes have truly become the “second bread”.
And yet, the bad reputation of this plant remained in Russia for a long time. The Old Believers, of whom there were many in Russia, opposed planting and eating potatoes. They called it the “damn apple,” “the devil’s spit,” and “the fruit of harlots,” and their preachers forbade their fellow believers to grow and eat potatoes. The confrontation between the Old Believers was long and stubborn. Even in 1870, there were villages near Moscow where peasants did not plant potatoes in their fields.
Eggplant
 |
In Russia, eggplant is known since 17th century. It is believed that it was brought from Turkey and Persia by merchants, as well as Cossacks, who made frequent raids on these territories. The homeland of eggplant is India and Burma, where the wild form of this vegetable still grows.
Eggplants, being a heat-loving plant, have taken root well in the southern territories of Russia, where they received the name “little blue”. The local population appreciated their excellent taste. Eggplant began to be cultivated in large quantities, diversifying Russian cuisine, incl. "overseas" eggplant caviar.
Pomodoro (tomato)
 |
Tomato or tomato ( from Italian pomo d'oro - golden apple, the French remade it into tomate) - a native of the tropical regions of South and Central America.
Compared to others vegetable crops, tomato is a relatively new crop for Russia. Tomato cultivation began in the southern regions of the country in XVIII century. In Europe at that time, tomatoes were considered inedible, but in our country they were grown both as an ornamental and as a food crop.
Under Catherine II, who made many discoveries for Russia, the first information about tomatoes appears. The Empress wished to listen to a report “on strange fruits and unusual growths” in European fields. The Russian ambassador reported to her that “French tramps eat tomatoes from flower beds and do not seem to suffer from it.”
In the summer of 1780, the Russian ambassador to Italy sent a shipment of fruit to Empress Catherine II to St. Petersburg, which also included a large number of tomatoes. AND appearance, and the taste of the strange fruit was very much liked in the palace, and Catherine ordered tomatoes from Italy to be regularly delivered to her table. The Empress did not know that tomatoes called “love apples” had been successfully grown by her subjects on the outskirts of the empire for decades: in the Crimea, Astrakhan, Taurida and Georgia.
One of the first publications about tomato culture in Russia belongs to the founder of Russian agronomy, scientist and researcher A.T. Bolotov. In 1784 he wrote that in middle lane“Tomatoes are grown in many places, mainly in room conditions(in pots) and sometimes in gardens.”
Thus, in the 18th century, the tomato was more of a decorative “pot” crop, only the further development of gardening made the tomato completely edible: by the middle of the 19th century, the tomato culture began to spread throughout the gardens of Russia in the middle regions, and by the end of this century it spread widely in the northern regions .
Parsley
 |
It is believed that parsley comes from the Mediterranean countries. In the wild it grows among stones and rocks, and its scientific name is “petroselinum”, i.e. "growing on the rocks" The ancient Greeks called it “stone celery” and valued it, not for its taste and healing properties, but for its beautiful appearance.
The root of the word, meaning stone, passed into the German name, and then the Poles came up with a diminutive name - “parsley”, borrowed by the Russian people.
Parsley acquired nutritional value only in the Middle Ages in France, when ordinary people, out of hunger, decided to include this plant in their menu. But when the fame of the excellent taste of dishes with parsley roots and leaves reached the aristocracy, broths, meat and soups with this plant appeared even on the richest tables.
Having spread throughout Europe as a table vegetable, parsley “reached” in this capacity in XVIII century and to Russia, where it appeared on the tables of aristocrats along with dishes French cuisine. In the 19th century, parsley began to be grown everywhere as a vegetable plant.
In fact, in Rus' parsley was grown as a medicinal product with 11th century under the names "petrosilova grass", "variegated", "sverbiga". Its juice was used to treat wounds and inflammation caused by poisonous insect bites.
Salad (lettuce)
 |
India is recognized as the birthplace of lettuce and Central Asia. In Ancient Persia, China and Egypt it was cultivated as cultivated plant already the fifth millennium BC.
The exact time when lettuce appeared in Europe is not known exactly, but it is certain that the Greeks adopted the lettuce culture from the Egyptians. IN Ancient Greece The salad was used both as a vegetable and for medicinal purposes. During the time of the Roman Emperor Augustus, lettuce was not only consumed fresh, but also pickled with honey and vinegar or canned like green beans. The Arabs in Spain (VIII-IX centuries), in addition to head lettuce, also had summer endive (ed. - a type of lettuce). Lettuce was brought to Avignon, France, by a papal gardener in the 14th century. Forcing lettuce was first started by the gardener of King Louis XIV (around 1700), who served the lettuce to the king's table in January.
In Russia, the first mentions of lettuce come from 17th century, but the plant did not take root immediately. People became accustomed to its taste and regular use only at the beginning of the 19th century, and lettuce began to be grown everywhere.
Sorrel
 |
IN XVII century Little was known about sorrel in Russia. Many were surprised how foreigners eat this sour grass that grows like a weed. Thus, traveler Adam Olearius and part-time translator for a German diplomat in Rus' noted in his travel notes dated 1633 that “Muscovites laugh at how the Germans happily eat green weeds.”
They laughed and laughed... but then gradually they began to grow them in their own gardens and put them in soups. This is how green cabbage soup and botvinya with sorrel appeared; now these dishes are considered traditional dishes in Russian cuisine. By the way, the origin of the word “sorrel” in Russian comes from the word “schanoy”, that is, “characteristic of cabbage soup,” i.e. required ingredient for green cabbage soup.
Meanwhile, since ancient times, sorrel has been used as medicinal plant. In the 16th century healers considered it a remedy that could protect a person from the plague. In ancient Russian medical books they wrote: “Sorrel cools and extinguishes the fire in the stomach, and in the liver, and in the heart...”.
Rhubarb
 |
Rhubarb is a vegetable with the most unusual history, since it has been of national importance for Russia for more than two centuries.
Historically, rhubarb is native to Tibet, Northwestern China and Southern Siberia. Wild rhubarb in Rus' has been known since ancient times, but only as a medicinal plant, for which only the root was used. Over time, its trunk and leaves began to be used for culinary purposes.
At the beginning of the 17th century, the Russian state began to actively “grow” into Siberia, spreading its trade relations up to East Turkestan and Northern China. In 1653, the Chinese authorities officially allowed cross-border trade with Russia, and from that moment on, Chinese rhubarb, which had the most powerful medicinal properties, attracted the attention of Russian monarchs. By the middle of the 17th century, trade in rhubarb had become an exclusive royal monopoly, as did furs.
Having received rhubarb from China, the tsarist government immediately tried to export it to Europe. Information has been preserved about how in 1656 Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich sent his steward Ivan Chemodanov as ambassador to Venice, who, in addition to political goals, also had two commercial goals - to sell a batch (ten forty) of sables and one hundred pounds of rhubarb from the Order of the Sovereign Great Treasury. However, then the steward was not able to sell the rhubarb; this happened later.
The state monopoly on the sale of rhubarb remained under Emperor Peter I. In 1716, by his decree, people were sent to Selenginsk, who with “care and diligence” delivered rhubarb roots with soil and its seeds to St. Petersburg. After the death of the emperor, by decree of the Supreme Privy Council in 1727, rhubarb was allowed “for free sale.” However, in 1731, during the reign of Anna Ioannovna, rhubarb was again returned exclusively to state jurisdiction, where it remained until 1782, when the government again allowed private trade in rhubarb.
The purchase of rhubarb from Chinese and other traders was initially carried out in Siberian cities, but since 1737 the Russian government began to send a special commissioner with an assistant from merchants directly to Kyakhta to purchase rhubarb ( ed. – The Kyakhtinsky trade is a large fair held in the village of Kyakhta, which is near the modern Russian-Mongolian border in Buryatia). The rhubarb trade was highly profitable, and Russian Empire was practically a monopolist in rhubarb trade with Western European countries. In Moscow, English merchants bought it in bulk, but Venetian merchants were more profitable buyers for almost a century and a half. There was a period when rhubarb in Europe was called “Moscow”, “imperial” or simply “Russian”.
In 1860, after two “opium” wars of the British against the Qing Empire, Chinese ports became open to international trade, as a result Russia lost its monopoly on this crop and practically stopped exporting it.
Wild rhubarb, called "Siberian" rhubarb, grew in Russia in the southern Urals, Altai and Sayan Mountains, but it did not have as many medicinal powers as Chinese rhubarb, so it was local residents only for food. In the 19th century, it began to be planted in the Botanical Garden of St. Petersburg, and later rhubarb appeared in the gardens of ordinary people, who used it to prepare salads, sweet jams and syrups.
Afterword
 |
The introductory part of this article stated that “if you believe our historians and agronomists, then ... before Rurik, the Slavs ate only turnips and peas.” Indeed, it’s somehow strange, isn’t it? dining table were the Polyans, Drevlyans, Krivichi and other peoples so poor? Of course not - these peoples were surrounded by rich forests, in which an abundance of edible wild plants grew - berries, mushrooms, herbs, roots, nuts, etc. Russian cuisine among our ancestors, due to the climate, was based on seasonality - the products that were provided were used for food nature itself. In winter, the diet included meat products and what was prepared in the summer and autumn for the winter.
In this article it is impossible not to mention the traditional Russian garden weeds - nettle and quinoa, which have more than once helped our people out in difficult times. The fact is that quinoa has the ability to satisfy hunger, since it contains a large amount of protein, and nettles contain many different vitamins and microelements, therefore, when there was a crop failure and there were not enough food supplies for the spring, the peasants were forced to collect these plants, which grew first after the snow melted. Of course, quinoa was not eaten because of a good life, but nettle was included in the diet even in well-fed times - they made excellent soup from it and salted it for the winter.
Further, there are reasons to doubt the dates of the appearance of some vegetables in Rus'. Yes, there were no potatoes and tomatoes in pre-Rurik Rus', which, indeed, arrived in Europe from Central and South America, but those vegetables that grew and cultivated in India and China could well have ended up on the table of our ancestors back “in the time of King Pea.” We know the journey of the Tver merchant Afanasy Nikitin to India in the 15th century from a literary source, but was such a journey unique? Surely not. Russian merchants had previously, at the risk of their lives, tried to “infiltrate” wherever they could. They tried to carry goods that were marketable, not heavy and not perishable - and there was no better way to meet these requirements than plant seeds. And these seeds often reached Rus' earlier than in Western Europe, since Portuguese merchants, who were the first to establish maritime trade between the West and the East, began to regularly sail to India only in the 16th century.
And lastly, have you noticed how many vegetables our people consider “originally Russian”? Of course, this is not so, all of these vegetables are also consumed by other peoples, but no one can boast of such quality and variety of methods for pickling cucumbers and cabbage. In what other country are green tomatoes salted? And what about soups that cannot be made without “natively Russian” vegetables - cabbage soup, borscht, solyanka or rassolnik? Probably, the reason for this attitude of Russian cuisine towards vegetables lies in our people.
By the way: Historically, it so happened that the people divided food plants into fruits and vegetables not because of the biological characteristics of the products, but because of their taste, namely: fruits included all the sweet fruits of plants, and vegetables included those fruits and plants that began to be consumed with salt. Therefore, vegetables are part of the main dish or salad, and fruits are usually served as dessert.
Meanwhile, botanists think differently: they classify everything as fruit. flowering plants, which reproduce using the seeds found in their fruits, and vegetables include other edible plants, for example: leafy (lettuce and spinach), root vegetables (carrots, turnips and radishes), stems (ginger and celery) and flower buds (broccoli and cauliflower).
Thus, biologically fruits include beans, corn, sweet pepper, peas, eggplants, pumpkins, cucumbers, zucchini and tomatoes, since they are all flowering plants, there are seeds inside their fruits with the help of which they reproduce.
It is curious that potatoes give us both fruits and vegetables at the same time, but only vegetables, i.e. We eat the tubers, but we throw away the berries because they are poisonous.
The article was prepared using materials
taken from open sources
)
Autumn Festival
Goals: repeat the main signs and symptoms of autumn;
develop expressive reading skills and public speaking skills;
cultivate a sense of kindness, mutual assistance, and a sense of responsibility.
Hall decoration: The hall is decorated with garlands of autumn leaves, bouquets of flowers, branches of rowan, aspen, maple. There are models of autumn trees.
Costumes: Kuzya, Grandfather Au, Leshy, Hedgehog, Hare, Squirrel, Bear, Autumn, September, October, November.
music
Leading:
Fairy tale-fairy tale joke!
Telling it is not a joke!
So that the fairy tale from the beginning,
Like a small river, it gurgled,
So that all the people are in the heart
She left her mouth agape,
So that no one - neither old nor small -
In the end I didn’t fall asleep.
Friends! Today we will go on an extraordinary journey - to a beautiful fairy tale, on the holiday of the Queen of Autumn.
Close your eyes and repeat after me;
“One, two, three! Open the door to a fairy tale!” (Children repeat.)
Leading:
Open your eyes! It seems we are there. Is no one behind? Is everyone here?
Brownie Kuzya runs onto the stage in an embroidered shirt:
Kuzya(yells that he has strength)
Who, who will sing and dance with us?
Who, who will play games with us?
Leshy appear on the stage: Grandfather Au and Leshy.
Grandfather AU: Hush, Kuzya! Don't make any noise! The Autumn Festival begins quietly - admire the beauty around you!
Goblin: So admire it so that not a single leaf falls from the tree! Look around!
Leshik, Grandfather AU and Kuzya retreat to the back of the stage. Animals silently appear in the clearing to the music - Hedgehog, Bear Cub, Squirrel, Hare - and take their places in the clearing
The music “Autumn Round Dance” plays.
Hare ( looking behind the scenes, in a whisper): It’s coming! It's coming!
Animals: Who's coming?
Hare: Autumn is coming, birthday girl!
The animals scatter to their places, Grandfather AU leaves to meet Autumn. The Hare takes Squirrel aside.
Hare: Let's catch Autumn!
Squirrel: Let's! Why?
Hare: How stupid you are! What good, pleasant, tasty things happen in the fall?
Squirrel: Nuts!
Hare: Fine. What else?
Squirrel: More nuts! Lots of nuts!
Hare: Everything is clear with you. Guys, what good, pleasant and tasty does autumn have in store for you?
(The audience responds; animals approach the Hare and Squirrel and also express their versions).
Wow! If we catch autumn, then it will stay with us and cold winter will never come!
Squirrel: A! Understood. How are we going to catch her?
Hare: Of course the network! The kind of net that catches crucian carp! Maybe it’s better to catch autumn on a maple leaf? Or for dry peas?...
The hare takes out a fishing net from behind the scenes, tries to untangle it, the animals help, but as a result they themselves become entangled. Grandfather AU returns and helps the Hare and everyone else get out.
Grandfather AU: Well, well, well... And who are you going to catch here, huh?
All: Autumn! We want her to stay with us longer.
Grandfather AU: Eh, no, my friends! The year has its turn. And it doesn’t happen that one season of the year is delayed or its turn is missed. Which of you can name all the seasons in order (the audience answers). That's it! And there will be no spring before winter- this is the law of Nature!
Sounds like “September” - a play from the cycle “The Seasons”.
Squirrel: What beautiful music! It's Autumn.
Grandfather Au: In a golden carriage, What about the playful horse,
Autumn galloped through the forests and fields.
The Good Witch changed everything:
She painted the Earth with bright yellow color.
Goblin: Falling leaves wander in the grove, through the bushes and maples,
Soon he will look into the garden with a golden ringing sound.
AUTUMN DITS FOR CHILDREN
Together: We are autumn ditties
Let's sing it for you now!
Clap your hands louder
Have fun!
How beautiful everything is all around
Golden autumn day:
Yellow leaves are flying,
They rustle underfoot! Oh, you artist, Autumn,
Teach me how to draw like this.
I'm in your work then
I will help you!
3. Autumn is a damp time,
The rain is pouring down from above.
People are more likely to disclose
Multi-colored umbrellas!
4. Autumn is a wonderful time,
Kids love autumn!
We go to the forest with baskets,
We find a lot of mushrooms there!
5. Autumn, golden autumn,
It's good that you came!
You and apples, you and honey,
You brought bread too!
6. We love beets and carrots
And there is cabbage too,
Because vitamins
Found in vegetables and fruits!
7. There are no tastier apples than ripe ones,
The kids know this.
How can we see apples?
We all shout at once: “Hurray!”
8. I am a daring strongman -
I bend a horseshoe with my hand!
Because I chew
Carrots every day.
Our pumpkin was watered
Morning, evening and afternoon!
The pumpkin has grown big
And now we live in it!
10. I could barely wait for autumn -
I really like to be fashionable.
Oh guys, look at it
You are on my cap.
11. It’s getting cold outside -
We need to wear jackets.
Autumn suggested this
Sing ditties about her.
12. Autumn, autumn, goodbye!
We say goodbye for a year.
Smile at us goodbye
Have fun honest people!
Music sounds and Oktyabrinka comes out with leaves in her hands (a bouquet of leaves)
Oktyabrinka. It's time for the leaves to fall, It's time for the birds to fly away.
Me, guys, Oktyabrinka, Zolotinka and Rain.
I have a lot to do too:
I'll check the bunnies' fur coats, I'll prepare bark for them.
And I’ll try to cover the hole with leaves.
The song “Dear Autumn rustling” will be performed by the children of 4th grade
Oktyabrinka. In the morning we go to the yard -
Leaves are falling like rain.
They rustle underfoot
And they fly... they fly... they fly...
dancing the dance "Falling Leaves" 4th grade
Hedgehog and Little Bear remain on stage. They are cold.
Hedgehog: The last leaves will fall, and autumn will end, winter will come.
Teddy bear: Don't worry! You see a birch tree (points to the audience behind the audience) - these leaves will never fall, because yesterday in a dream I thought of sewing them to a branch.
Hedgehog: And sewed it on?
Teddy bear: Yeah! Both sigh and look into the distance at the last leaves. The fan blows away the leaves. (Wind noise) the wind subsides.
Oktyabrinka: I suggest you play. Contest
Let's split into two teams. Those on the left will represent rain, and those on the right will represent wind.
Have you forgotten how the rain hits the roofs? Drip-drip-drip-drip!
Do you remember how the wind howls outside the window? Uh-uh. u.u!
Scarecrow: Well, now all together! Children “drip” and “howl.”
Music children in the rain (dance) Dance with Umbrellas
Noyabrinka comes out, holding gloves and a scarf, and wearing a crown with dried leaves on her head.
November. I, guys, are Noyabrinka, Kholodinka and Snowflake.
The forest and glades fell asleep, fogs lay over the meadows.
Both the bee and the bug are sleeping, The cricket has fallen silent in the corner.
Only a cheerful tit suddenly flies up - she can’t sit still!
Let's not forget the birds, They will have to spend the winter.
They need so little food - Hang up a piece of lard!
Brownie Kuzya carefully examines one of the leaves, runs out onto the stage, and calls everyone.
Kuzya: What a disaster! Good people! Here! The telegram is here! Urgent!
Everyone gathers around the brownie.
Kuzya(reads): Everyone, everyone, everyone! Important! Urgently! We really need help. Please make feeders for us, otherwise it will be very difficult for us in winter! Your friends are wintering birds.
Squirrel: But it’s still only autumn! Grandfather AU said that winter is far away!
Kuzya: Did you hear this? “Prepare the sleigh in the summer and the cart in the winter”!
Hare: Or like this: “Time for work, time for fun”!
Teddy bear: They also say: “Better late than never.”
Everyone looks at him reproachfully, in chorus: “Ay-ay-ay!”
Kuzya:“If you miss an hour, you won’t make it up in a year!” - that's what they say! Oh yes, at the feeders. Guys, don’t forget to make feeders!
Noyabrinka: Play with me. Competition 4 “Pig in a poke”
Vegetables and fruits are hidden in the bag. Blindfolded, the child takes a vegetable out of the bag and determines by touch what it is. (Potatoes, apple, tomato, cucumber, zucchini, orange, carrots, beets, onions, garlic, eggplant).
Song
Autumn: We had a lot of fun. And now I want to check if you know everything about autumn.
Competition "Autumn Quiz"
1. How many days does autumn last? (91 days)
2. What kind of vegetable was it? fairy tale hero Cipollino? (onion)
3. Name a vegetable - a classic substitute for a snowman’s nose. (Carrot)
4. Which vegetable has two notes? (Beans).
5. What is another name for the Little Blues in Russia? (eggplant).
6. What rain remedy was invented in China? (umbrella)
7. What vegetable gives borscht its beautiful burgundy-red color? (Beet).
8. What vegetable were lazy people called in the old days? (Peas).
9. Which tree is a symbol of autumn? (maple)
10. What is Cinderella's carriage made of? (from pumpkin)
12. It can be both sweet and bitter. (Pepper).
13. A relative of watermelons and melons. (Pumpkin).
14. Root vegetable. If it is steamed, then it couldn’t be simpler. (Turnip).
15. Sunflower and pumpkin product. (Seeds).
16. Which vegetable contains a lot of starch? (Potato).
17. It is almost like an orange, with thick skin, juicy. There is only one drawback - it is very, very sour.
18. Two sisters are green in summer. By autumn one turns red, the other turns black. (Currant).
19. What is the period of warm weather in mid-autumn called in Russia? (Indian summer)
20. How does autumn end? (November)
Autumn: Well then, my friends. It's time for me and my friends to return back to our domain. Don't forget us and we will definitely come back next year. Goodbye, see you again.
Final song about autumn:
Autumn has come knocking on our door like golden rain,
And with, alas, not a gentle ray of sunshine.
The leaf fall began to sing a sad song,
And to this song, the garden falls asleep.
And the rowan berry is like a light
Warms and makes a cloudy day happy
In the puddles the leaves are circling like boats
Gray, cold, clouds rush into the distance.
Birds no longer sing sonorous songs.
They gather in flocks and fly south.
On quiet evenings the rain drizzles,
A lullaby song, knocking on the glass.
Leading: Well, guys, our holiday has come to an end. It's time to say goodbye. We are not parting forever, but until next autumn
Quiz "In the field"
■ What are the names of plants whose stem is a straw, and their seeds are called grains? (Cereal plants, or cereals).
■ Bread, cakes, pastries are made from the flour of which plant? buns? (Wheat).
■Which cereal plant is not afraid of either cold or drought? (An unpretentious cereal - rye).
■ What cereal plant is sown in autumn? (Rye).
■ What plant grains are they made from? pearl barley and coffee that replaces natural coffee? (From barley).
■ Which cereal plant ripens earlier than others? (Barley).
■ What plant was bred many years ago only to decorate flower beds? (Sunflower).
■ Which plant is sometimes called the “flower of the sun”? (Sunflower).
■ What cereal flour is black bread made from? (Rye).
■ The sweet grains of this plant are eaten raw and canned. (Corn seeds).
■ What plant is used to make popcorn, the favorite treat of many children? (From corn).
■ What cereal plant grows in a field specially flooded with water? (Rice).
■ The stems of which cereal plant are used to make beautiful summer hats, handbags and baskets? (From rice straws).
Quiz “In the meadow”
■ What flower is considered a symbol of Russia? (Chamomile).
■ What plant received this name because the flower on a thin stem sways even in a light breeze? (Anemone).
■ Does this plant have several names? (Primrose, lady's hands, extinguisher, goldenwort, firstborn, springs, rams, lungwort).
■ What are the flowers that appear immediately after the snow melts called? (Primroses).
■ Here is a rough stem, in the middle there is a coal, the petals shine like varnish, a red one has blossomed... (Poppy).
■ What kind of plant do they say: “The prickly hedgehog grabbed your clothes”? (Burmock).
■ This plant is interesting because on the same shoot there are flowers of different colors. (Lungwort).
■ Which flower is masculine and feminine? (Ivan da Marya).
■ To the left of the path, on a thin blade of grass, this meadow flower bends over the grass. (Bell).
■ Which plant tells you where it lives? (Plantain).
■ I show off as a white fluffy ball in a clean field. (Dandelion).
■ Mown and dried grass. (Hay).
■ Bitter grass is also a remedy for the stomach, and it is fragrant and sweeps cleanly. (Sagebrush).
■ What plants can be used to brew tea? (Oregano, thyme, raspberry and strawberry leaves, hawthorn and linden flowers).
■ There is a curly hair, a white shirt, a heart of gold. What is it? (Chamomile).
■ What plants predict the weather and how? (Barometers - fireweed, dandelion, thistle, bindweed, which close prematurely and droop when it rains).
Quiz “On a branch”
■ Fruits are very tasty, healthy and beautiful... (Fruits).
■ What fruits grow in our country?
■ Where do fruits come from? fruit trees? (From flowers).
■ How are fruits prepared for the winter? Fruits are eaten fresh, juices, jams and compotes are made from them...
■ What sweet, juicy and fragrant fruit, which came to Europe from Persia as an exquisite delicacy, was called the “royal fruit”? (Pear).
■ The name of which fruit is included in the name of many other fruits? (Apple (“earth apple”, or Jerusalem artichoke, “apple of love” (because it looks like a heart) or tomato)).
■ What are fruits with bright, fragrant skin called? (Citrus).
■ Where it is warm, these trees grow in whole groves. And in colder countries they are even grown in flower pots on the windowsill. What are these plants? (Lemons).
■ What fruits can't a New Year or any other year be without? happy holiday? (Oranges and tangerines).
■ These fruits came to us from India and China, where noble people were named after them. What kind of fruit is this? (Tangerines, noble people were called “tangerines”).
■ Which sweet fruit has flesh that is more elastic and dense compared to cherries? (At the cherry tree).
■ What fruit is unusually sour and juicy? (Lemon).
■ What fruits, with a small seed inside, have spread all over the world, growing in America, Africa, Australia, and in our country even in frosty Siberia? (Cherry and cherry).
■ What fruit evokes admiration for its subtle color and aroma and has become a symbol of sunny, velvety tenderness? (Peach).
■ What fruit appeared as a result of crossing thorns and cherry plums that resembles its ancient ancestors in taste and color? (Plum).
■ What fruit tree wood is used to make furniture and musical instruments? (Pear).
Fruits and berries in riddles for children
Blue uniform
Yellow lining
It's sweet in the middle. (Plum)
Balls hang on the branches,
Turned blue from the heat. (Plums)
In the red body
Bone heart. (Cherries)
She was green, small,
Then I became scarlet.
I turned black in the sun -
And now I'm ripe. (Cherry)
Two sisters are green in summer,
By autumn one will turn red,
And the other one will turn black. (Red and black currants)
I am a drop of summer on a thin leg.
They weave boxes and baskets for me.
He who loves me is happy to bow down.
And the name was given to me by my native land. (Strawberry)
Low and prickly
Sweet, not smelly
Pick the berries -
Low and prickly
Sweet, not smelly
Pick the berries -
You'll rip off your whole hand. (Gooseberry)
I'm red and sour
I grew up in a swamp,
Ripened under the snow,
Come on, who knows me? (Cranberry)
Red beads hang
They are looking at us from the bushes.
Love these beads very much
Children, bees and bears. (Raspberry)
Under a leaf on every branch
Little children are sitting.
The one who gathers the children
He'll stain his hands and his mouth. (Blueberry)
Round, rosy,
I'm growing on a branch.
Adults love me
The kids love me. (Apple)
Bright, sweet, poured,
The cover is all gold.
Not from a candy factory -
From distant Africa. (Orange)
They came to us with melons
Striped balls. (Watermelons)
Himself scarlet, sugar,
The caftan is green, velvet. (Watermelon)
Delicious - finger licking good -
Orange balls.
But I don't play them
I always eat them. (Tangerines)
Quiz "Vegetable"
■ Which vegetable changes its name three times? (Onion, onion sets, onion).
■ What did they give in ancient Egypt for dessert after dinner? (Boiled heads of cabbage).
■ What vegetable were lazy people called in the old days? (Peas).
■ Which vegetable contains a lot of starch? (Potato).
■ Which vegetable resembles a flying (space) saucer? (Squash).
■ What brings tears without pain and sadness? (Onion).
■ Why aren't radishes sweeter? (Horseradish).
■ The name of which vegetable comes from the Latin word “kaput”? (Cabbage).
■ What does the word "melon" mean? (Garden).
■ Which vegetable contains a large amount of growth vitamins? (Carrot).
■ It’s round and smooth, if you take a bite it’s sweet... It’s stuck firmly in the garden bed... (Turnip).
■ What vegetable is called the second bread? (Potato).
■ What did Cinderella's carriage turn into? (Pumpkin).
■ It sits in the ground, its tail looks up, you can get sugar from it, cook delicious borscht. (Beet).
■ What caused the princess's insomnia? Peas.
Blitz quiz “Vegetables”
■ A place where vegetables grow. (Garden).
■ It can be both sweet and bitter. (Pepper).
■ Ketchup and tomato paste are made from it. (Tomato).
■ A vegetable whose fruits are the largest of all vegetables. (Pumpkin).
■ Cabbage, Brussels sprouts, Savoy, kohlrabi, leaf cabbage - this is... (Cabbage).
■ A vegetable that contains a lot of vitamin A (Carrots).
■ They are called plant-based meats because they contain a lot of protein. (Peas and beans, or legumes.)
■ A delicious puree is made from it. (Potato).
■ A relative of watermelons and melons. (Pumpkin).
■ Stem turnip. (Kohlrabi).
■ Homeland of the tomato. (America).
■ Name of wild onion. (Chemramsha).
■ In Italian it is “tartufel”, and in Russian...(Potato).
■ Small, bitter brother of onions... (Garlic).
■ When they clean it, they cry. (Onion).
■ The seed of a leguminous plant used as food. (Bean).
■ Root vegetable. If it is steamed, then it couldn’t be simpler. (Turnip).
■ Sunflower and pumpkin product. (Seeds).
Quiz questions
1. What insect wears ears on its legs?(Grasshopper)
2. Use the same word for both the animal and the road markings.(Zebra)
3. How many months are there in a year?(12)
4. What organ does a snake smell?(Tongue)
5. What is the name of a non-venomous snake?(Already)
6. What is the name of the forest in which oak trees grow?(Dubrava)
7. What are the names of the signs used to record musical sounds?(Sheet music)
8. Name the birds that cannot fly.(Ostrich, penguin)
9. What do toads and frogs eat in winter?(Nothing, because they are hibernating)
10. What is the name of the store that sells medicine?(Pharmacy)
11. The long-awaited February has arrived. First one apple tree bloomed, then three on the left. How many apple trees have bloomed?(Not at all, because apple trees don’t bloom in winter)
12. Why are penguins not afraid of polar bears?(They live at different poles)
13. What kind of shoes did Puss in Boots wear?(Boots)
14. What is a kennel?(Dog House)
15. Which part of the word is in the ground?(Root)
16. The sum of the numbers 3 and 5 was halved by 2. What number did you get?(4)
17. Name the fourth letter from the end of the alphabet.(b – soft sign)
18. What do you call a person who writes poetry?(Poet)
19. What does the expression “hack on the nose” mean?(Remember for a long time)
20. Iceberg is...?(Floating Ice Block)
21. How many paws do the three cubs have?(12)
22. Baba-Yaga's vehicle.(mortar, broom)
23. Which letters in some cases represent 2 sounds?(I, e, e, yu)
24. Name the capital of the country in which you live.
25. How many characters are there in the fairy tale “Chicken Ryaba”?(4)
26. What do sailors call the stairs on their ship?(Ladder)
27. How many cm are in 2 dm?(20 cm)
28. Do migratory birds build nests in the south?(No)?
29. Name the symbols of the state.(Anthem, coat of arms, flag)
30. Who is this? She herself is motley, eats green, and gives white to people.(Cow)
(Music sounds) Presenter 1: And again, an autumn portrait of Nature hangs in the living room, To the sounds of a crane song, Under the leaves of golden light. Good evening! Presenter 2: Good evening, dear friends! Today we were invited to this hall by the romantic, mysterious, enchanting, unpredictable, sedate Lady Autumn. Presenter 1. She is wearing a veil of rain, We won’t miss Her coming, And we will indulge in slight sadness, Finding no explanation for Her. Presenter 2: Autumn has invited you here to give everyone its last, wonderful moments, the enchanting, barely perceptible aroma of autumn flowers, the bright tempting beauty of the collected fruits and, of course, a thoughtful and at the same time joyful mood in autumn. Presenter 1. Yes, yes, indeed, autumn is not only a time of sadness and sadness, it is also a time of joy. Why? Because everything is beautiful all around in autumn. Presenter 2. And so today we will not only sigh and be sad in unison with the romantic lady of autumn, but also have fun, dance, and enjoy her last moments. Presenter 1. The autumn holiday is a holiday of friends, and friends try to give each other joy. Presenter 2. For example, a gift or just attention. Artists give their art, poets give poetry. Nature gives us its beauty, and the students of our lyceum give us their surprises. Presenter 1. At the “Evening of Autumn Surprises” today there are students from grades 9-11 who have prepared a couple for today’s holiday. So... meet funny, smart and talented couples... Presenter 2. Pair No. 1 _____________________________________________ 9 A class Presenter 1. Pair No. 2 _____________________________________________ 9 B grade Presenter 2. Pair No. 3 _____________________________________________ 9 To class Presenter 1. Pair No. 4 _____________________________________________ 10 A class Presenter 2. Pair No. 5 _____________________________________________ 10 B grade Presenter 1. Pair No. 6_______________________________________________ 11 A class Presenter 2. Pair No. 7 _____________________________________________ 11 B grade Presenter 1. We were all preparing for this day. And where there are competitions, there is a jury. Presenter 2. Our panel of judges today includes... Presenter 1. The asters in the gardens are crumbling, the old maple under the window is turning yellow, and the cold fog in the fields remains motionless white all day long. Presenter 2. The nearby forest is quiet, and in it, openings appear everywhere, And it is beautiful in its attire, dressed in golden leaves! Presenter 1: And I love autumn!
Presenter 2: Why?
Presenter1: There are so many vegetables in the markets! Presenter 2: And you go to the market for vegetables? Presenter1: Of course, you need to show yourself and your outfits, going to the theater is expensive, in the supermarket everyone is staring at the shelves. Presenter 2: What are you wearing? Presenter1: Well, different things, I watch the program “Fashionable Sentence”, they give a lot of advice. Presenter 2: And I would advise you to look at the fashion show from each class. Presenter 1. Well, now we are moving on to the competition program, so support your teams with a cheerful mood and enthusiasm. Notice how hard our couples worked today! They are elegantly dressed for autumn. Efforts should not be in vain! Now our podium works for them! Maestro, I ask for rhythmic music! So, our collection for the autumn season of the outgoing year! Competition 1 Show of outfits “Autumn brings joy to us”Presenter 1. Aw, aw...
Presenter 2. What are you doing?
Presenter 1. Autumn has come, rains, fogs, and you can get lost in the fog, so I’m training...
Presenter 2. Where to get lost? In the fog? Yes, I can get to school with my eyes closed!
(Closes his eyes and says) You leave the house, walk to the corner, turn, be careful here - angry dog, next is a puddle, let’s try, no, it’s not frozen yet…. After all, autumn is a sad time of year Presenter 1: How about replacing autumn with summer!?
Presenter 2. Is this a 6 month vacation?
Presenter 1: Yes! It's a pity, what to do...
Presenter 2: And the weather is rainy in spring...brrr
Presenter 1: You're about to catch a cold.
Presenter 2: Even poems about autumn are sad.
Presenter 1: But beautiful...
Presenter 2: Speaks with poems about autumn... Competition 2 Poems about autumn (homework).Presenter 1. The soul begins to sing something...
Presenter 2: I don’t hear!?
Presenter 1: Don’t you hear, Keep it quiet... listen!
Presenter 2: I don’t hear!?
Presenter 1. It can’t be, I can hear it!
Presenter 2: These are probably our couples preparing for the next competition Competition 3 “Sing a song” Participants listen to the chorus of the song “Yellow Leaves” Presenter 2. We all know the famous song “Yellow Leaves”. We need to remember this composition represented by: - Red Banner military choir; - school choir; - Russian folk choir; - gypsy choir; - rap style; Presenter 1. There is a touching, mysterious charm in the lightness of autumn evenings! Presenter 2. The ominous shine and variegation of trees, the light rustle of crimson dark leaves. Presenter 1. The resounding summer has flown by. A generous autumn has arrived. Presenter 2. Some people are happy about it, while others may be upset. But every season has its own charm: autumn has all kinds of shades and colors of flowers. After all, autumn is a magnificent artist who paints her pictures. And our next competition is called “Colors of Autumn” Competition 4 “Colors of Autumn” (draw a picture)Presenter 1. And we move on to the next competition. Raise your hands those who dream of becoming an artist, who want to act in films. Now, right here, without leaving the spot, a film will be shot, in which you, dear couples, are entrusted to play the main roles... Everyone has their own role. I will read the script, name the characters, and you must play your role, that is, get into character... Well, the jury will evaluate your acting abilities...! So: camera, motor, let's start! Competition 5 “Theatrical” Buffoonery: “A movie is being made!” Presenter 2.- One day, old Grandfather harnessed the Horse to the Sleigh and rode into the forest for the Christmas tree. I went into the forest. And it’s autumn in the Forest: The wind is rustling, the leaves are rustling, the wolves are howling, the eagle owl is screaming. Lonely Doe ran by. The Bunnies jumped out into the clearing and began drumming on Stump. Grandfather arrived in the clearing, the Hares got scared and ran away. Grandfather sat down on Stump and looked around. And all around - Christmas trees are growing. Grandfather approached the first Christmas tree and touched it. He didn't like the Christmas tree. I went to another one. I touched it and liked it. I touched it again and really liked it. I touched it more carefully, and this is not a Christmas tree, but an oak tree! Grandfather spat and went to the third. I touched it, shook it - that’s right, Christmas tree! Grandfather swung his ax, and lo and behold, there was no ax! Then the grandfather swung just like that. The Christmas tree begged: “Don’t cut me down, elder, I won’t be of any use to you. Because everything, as it is, is sick: the trunk has scoliosis, the needles have fallen out, the legs are crooked.” Grandfather obeyed and went to the fourth Christmas tree. I touched the trunk - it was straight, I felt the needles - and the needles were good, I touched the legs - they were straight. Just right Christmas tree! Grandfather waved, and the Christmas tree asked him: “What are you waving, old man?” Pull by the roots!” Grandfather grabbed the Christmas tree, pulled and pulled, but couldn’t pull it out. He sat down on Stump again and became sad. And he thought: “Why do I need a Christmas tree in October? I’ll go home, sharpen my axe, and come back in December!” He got on the sleigh and drove off. The end of the first episode. Wait for the continuation of the series! Presenter 1. Well, while the jury is summing up the results of this competition, we will play a game with the audience... Playing with the audience. You all know very well that in the history of mankind there are such inseparable names as Adam and Eve, Romeo and Juliet, Chip and Dale. There are many of these couples. Now we will try to split into the same pairs. I name one name, you suggest the second in unison. So, let's begin! Adam - EveRomeo - JulietTristan - IsoldeWolf - Little Red Riding HoodBasilio - AliceWinnie-the-Pooh - PigletEugene - TatyanaHamlet - OpheliaUlyanov - KrupskayaCarlson - BabyPierrot - MalvinaRuslan - LyudmilaFather Frost - Snow MaidenTom - JerryPiggy - KarkushaPetka - AnkaElephant - MoskaWorker - Collective Farm Woman Ant - Dragonfly Leg - Hypotenuse Cog - ShpuntikChip - DaleDed - BabaOn - SheKnave - LadyWell done! Presenter 1. And here are the names that the people gave to September. Gloominess - due to frequent changes in weather. Howler - because of the roar of autumn winds, because of rains and bad weather. Yellow, yellow - because of yellow leaves. Veresen - due to the first frosts. Presenter 2. Here are the popular names for October. Breast - because of the bare cooling earth. Muddy - due to the autumn impassability. Winter road, winter road, first winter - in honor of the coming winter. Deciduous, deciduous. Presenter 1. And November received such names among the people. Jelly, snow, semi-winter, off-road due to the cold and the coming winter. Mozzar, leafy - due to fallen and rotting leaves. Presenter 2. Well, now, as it should be in autumn, the leaves are falling. And not just leaf fall, but interrogative and educational! Competition 6 “Autumn Quiz”Presenter 1.(reads questions) Questions: 1. Stem turnip... (Kolrabi)2. What vegetable were lazy people called in the old days? (Peas)3. The name of which vegetable comes from the Latin word "kaput" head? (cabbage)4. What vegetable does this remind you of? space dish? (Patisson)5. In Italian it’s “tartufel”, and in Russian...? (Potatoes)6. Small, bitter brother of onion.. (Garlic)7. Which vegetable contains a large amount of growth vitamins? (Carrots)8. Not a book, but with leaves? (Tree)9. What did Baron Munchausen shoot at the deer's head? (Cherry pit)10. The most vegetable fairy tale? (Cippolino)11. What vegetable is called the second bread? (Potatoes)12. What fruit got Adam and Eve kicked out of Garden of Eden? (Apple)13. Why isn't radish sweeter? (Horseradish)14. What caused the princess's insomnia? (Pea) Presenter 2. It was a little warm up .
Presenter 1. Yes... Eh, autumn, autumn... Some people are happy about her arrival, while others may be sad. But each season has its own uniqueness: winter covers the earth with a snow-white blanket, in spring young greenery pleases the eye, in summer you can enjoy the singing of birds... Autumn also has its own signs. There are a lot of them. Our participants will help us remember some signs of autumn. (Tasks are distributed to pairs) 1. Lots of rowan... (for cold winter)2. Mosquitoes are annoying late autumn... (winter will be mild)3. Late leaf fall... (towards a harsh and long winter)4. A lot of cobwebs... (for a long and dry autumn)5. Thunder in October foreshadows... (snowless winter)6. If there are a lot of nuts, but no mushrooms.. (the winter will be snowy and harsh)7. In November there will be snow... (bread will arrive) Presenter 2. In the meantime, our participants are preparing... “Musical break” (Arkhipova Anna) Presenter 1. There is a sweet, mysterious charm in the lightness of autumn evenings: the ominous shine and variegation of trees, the languid, light rustle of crimson leaves Presenter 2. And ahead of us is the next competition “Re-Dance” Competition 7 “Re-dance” Participants must dance to the music. The music changes. Presenter 1. Amazing! Presenter 2. Fabulous! Everyone danced great. Presenter 1. When stars fall, people make wishes. When the leaves swirl in the wind, they say it's time for love. When a child comes to school (and this always happens in the fall), he meets his teachers, and for him (take my word for it!) it’s time for the stars to fall, because every teacher is a star, bright and alluring, a star calling into the distance for the beautiful . Presenter 2. And what does leaf fall have to do with it? Presenter 1. And despite the fact that the time has come for a declaration of love. Presenter 2. I know who we will talk about, about the most beloved, about the most wonderful, about the most worthy people, about those for whom there is no bad weather, about those to whom we confess our love even on cold autumn days. Presenter 1. The class teacher is invited to the stage...9 Class A - Natalia Aleksandrovna Tribunskaya9 Class B - Olga Nikolaevna Lokteva9 Class B - Alla Vasilievna Sokolova10 Class A - Elena Vladimirovna Lysenko10 Class B - Marina Anatolyevna Gartvikh11 Class A - Natalia Vitalievna Chernykh11 Class B - Lidiya Vladimirovna Nechitailo Presenter 2. Natalya Alexandrovna! You are so caring, attentive, kind. The children love her so much! She loves her subject and us too, She is so similar to the mountain ash! Modest, sweet and attractive - And her speech is so wonderful! (they give a rowan leaf)Presenter 1. We give Olga Nikolaevna an aspen leaf, No one is kinder, more attentive - We know that for sure. An aspen leaf, like a trembling of hands, This one is from us to you, our priceless friend. (they give an aspen leaf)Presenter 2. Alla Vasilyevna is slender and neat, She is smart and has a pleasant soul. She is impressionable and playful. We give her a poplar leaf as a souvenir. It is thin and seems to be inconspicuous, But it is radiant and transparent in soul. (they give a poplar leaf)Presenter 1. Elena Vladimirovna! We have prepared a willow leaf for you. You are flexible like a willow, you are slender like a willow. Wise, graceful - a real princess. (they give a willow leaf)Presenter 2. Marina Anatolyevna! You are beautiful and wise, You are an idol for children, You have good spirits, And good luck is your friend. You are truly a smart person - That’s why you are an oak leaf. (they give an oak leaf)Presenter 1. Natalya Vitalievna! The maple leaf boldly flies in the wind! He always has something to do! He spins in the air for a long time, Always in a solemn flight, Always in discoveries, work. How can you not fall in love with him and with you! Fly our leaf! Fly, spin! After all, your destiny is flight and heights! (they give a maple leaf)Presenter 2. Lidia Vladimirovna! Direct, honest, but still without temper! They gave you good class- and that’s great! “We hit the bull’s eye” - we know that for sure, We’ll give you a leaf from the apple tree. (they give an apple leaf)Presenter 1. Dear teachers! Each person has a line of a poem written on a piece of paper. You must read it expressively in the order indicated on the sheet (1-2-3). And then a good autumn poem will sound.1. All leaves are collected in a bouquet2. There is no one more solemn than him3. It has everything: light, purity, 4. And it’s time for long-ago autumn,5. And from the dew transparent tenderness,6. Love, Good, success, Hope.7. And we are reflected in those leaves.8. We are all flight and inspiration.9. But every leaf is a child of the tree10. And only in him is holy faith, 11. He has strength, firmness, skill, 12. There is no life in the leaves without it, 13. And therefore today, in Autumn, 14. We ask the director to come on stage. Presenter 2. Dear Nina Nikolaevna! Autumn waltz, autumn dream Sounds for you! How wonderful he is! A bouquet from autumn as a gift, Let him be modest. Not too bright, but from the heart! With great excitement...A touch of autumn to you. (A bouquet is presented)Presenter 1. And now it’s time to sum up the results of our competition. The floor is given to our strict but fair jury. The jury sums up the results. Each pair is awarded the title..1. “The most friendly couple”2. “The most charming couple”3. “The most artistic couple”4. "The Bravest Couple"5. “The most fun couple”6. “The most original couple”7. "The Most Autumn Couple"
