What is creativity? A landscape painted on canvas, or a poem filled with emotional experiences, a new architectural masterpiece or a delicious dish prepared by a chef? Creativity inspired by the impulse of the soul is expressed in different things, it is unique and priceless not only for the author, but sometimes for all mankind.
Creativity - what is it?
Uniqueness is the main criterion of this concept. The very concept of "creativity" implies the process of human activity, which creates certain values, both material and spiritual. Such a result can only be achieved by the author of this work. This fact adds value to the final result. At the same time, in the process of producing creativity, the author expresses his personal aspects.
Psychology of creativity
Science, technology, arts, a typical day in Everyday life- all these can be areas in which a person shows his uniqueness. A whole branch of psychology studies the creative activity of a person. Psychology actively studies creativity and inspiration, imagination, individuality and intuition. Long years studies of these areas have not given clear answers to the questions of what creativity is and how to introduce it into the lives of ordinary people. The psychology of creativity is based on the relationship that develops between the author and the product.
Philosophy of creativity
A person has no limit in the world of desires and fantasies. An egoist desires everything that other people do not have, a person who is obsessed with a dream desires that which does not exist in nature, reasonable person the thirst for creativity pours into. The whole philosophy of creativity is aimed at the fact that harmony and beauty were created, and the created masterpieces served for the benefit of civilization.
Types of creativity
A creative person can seek the realization of his ideas, plans, flights of fancy in various activities:
- Scientific creativity- various kinds of discoveries, the end product is knowledge.
- Technical creativity- practical or technological development, the final product is a mechanism or design.
- Artistic creativity- the aesthetic basis of the world, the desire for beauty. Final product - artistic image(poem, painting, sculpture).
- co-creation is the perception of works of art, their interpretation.
- Children's creativity- the process of the child's imagination, his fantasy.
- Pedagogical creativity- a special approach to teaching knowledge, its goal is to teach something new.
What develops creativity in a person?
No one can give a clear, definite answer to the question posed. In order to discover and develop a person must answer for himself the question, what is creativity specifically for him? Harmony can contribute to the development of human abilities in creativity, it is worth trying to look at the familiar world with different eyes, from a new angle. Having cleared your consciousness, it is much easier to scoop up something new that the world will offer. The real creator lives in every person.
What encourages creativity?
Tolerance for the outside world and inner peace is the basis of the creative process. It is easier for a person open to the world, devoid of stereotypes and prejudices, to feel the subtlest matter of creativity, to feel the light breath of the muse behind him:
- It is worth finding a melody that has a positive impact on the creative process.
- Writing by hand rather than using a computer encourages creativity.
- Meditation is the best way to relax and put your thoughts in order.
- Practicing free association will awaken the imagination.
- Do not get hung up, it is sometimes worth thinking about something far away. For example, how to meet New Year in 2030.
- Blues and greens influence creativity.
- A change of scenery can encourage creativity.
- Laugh, even through force. This will have a positive effect on the brain.
- Do something with your hands.
- Train. During sports, not only the body is strengthened, but also the brain is largely liberated.
- Try something new. Life and creativity are closely connected, new emotions can bring, for example, a trip abroad, conquering mountains, diving to the depths of the sea.
- Sleep, that very “morning is wiser than the evening” really works.
Where does any creativity begin?
An idea or an idea is the beginning of any work of an artist, composer, writer, inventor, fashion designer. The creative process begins with a figurative sketch, the concept of the whole work. For each individual, this process takes place in its own way, but is always divided into three stages. Without compliance with such a plan of action, the idea will be born spontaneously and not always implemented.
- cognition and creative processing of impressions;
- the emergence of an artistic concept;
- implementation of the idea.
Creativity and imagination
New images are created on the basis of the reality of the surrounding world. But seasoned with imagination, they make creativity truly unique. allows you to get an idea about something at the same time without coming into contact with it. Creativity in human life is always associated with the imagination, examples of which can be seen when studying the process of creation. For example, when creating fabulous creatures and various items, special techniques are used.
- displacement - the subjective transfer of an object to new, unusual situations;
- typification - assignment of an object to a specific type;
- analogy - creating an image by analogy with another;
- exaggeration or understatement;
- giving - new functions and properties are attributed to the object;
- agglutination is the creation of an image from two different ideas.
Creativity and creativity
Often, most people perceive these concepts as one whole. But such a comparison is wrong. The word "creativity" in the late 80s came to the business community, and after that it began to be used in wide circles. Creativity is the ability that a person can show in non-standard, creative thinking, his ability to advance unique ideas. Creativity implies the activity of creating, the ability to overcome stereotypes, this is the motivation for the new. Creativity and creativity are closely related, it is becoming increasingly difficult to separate them from each other.
How to develop creative abilities?
Striving for more is a normal human development in any field. a person is unlimited, and with proper training, he can surprise the owner, who doubted the presence of at least some creative rudiments in his personality:
- Morning ritual. Waking up, immediately take a pen, notebook and write. About what? About everything! The main thing is to write, you don’t have to think too much. You should write at least 750 words.
- We ask a question to any object or action: “What if?”. For example, what if dogs could talk? What if everyone in the world were silent? This method is called .
- Fragmentation and connection of different words. This method will surely force the brain to turn off habitual thinking and turn on fantasy. It is necessary to take two different words to split them up and combine them. For example, pillow + blanket = blown, curtains + tulle = curtains.
- The Torrens method is based on the same type of doodles, which are also called doodles. On a sheet of paper it is worth drawing the same symbols (several circles or squares, crosses, rhombuses, and so on). We turn on the fantasy and draw using the drawn figures.
- Method of focal objects. We "take" a random object, for example, a pencil, a comb, the sky and open a book (newspaper, magazine) on any page. We “grab” random 5 words, associate them with the subject in the story.
Creative crisis
Fantasy does not turn on, inspiration does not come, everything around is gray and gloomy and clearly does not contribute to the birth of a new idea or masterpiece. can affect any person whose activity or life is somehow connected with creativity. What is the problem with creativity? You should not look for answers in the world around you, without understanding yourself. Finding answers to the questions “What is creativity? How to start creating again? Where can you find creative inspiration? will be fruitless if a person does not find the strength in himself to find peace.
- It is necessary to create (write, draw, design, and so on) in the same place.
- It is worth taking the same time for creative activities.
- Before starting work, it is worth listening to the same song.
- Use the same things for work, for example, the same text editor for writing, familiar brushes and an easel for drawing.
- You should work every day, the weekend destroys the order most of all.
Books about creativity
Drawing inspiration from books, many are inspired by the life of heroes, examples of their lives. The world of creativity is unusual, bright and passionate, presented in many works of famous authors:
- "Steal Like an Artist" Austin Kleon. The author tells readers about how to discover creativity in yourself.
- "Muse, where are your wings?" Yana Frank filled with inspiration and written for people who have decided to devote their entire lives to creativity.
- "The Embodiment of Ideas" by Scott Belksy will tell you how to overcome doubts, prioritize and achieve results.
- "Genius Made to Order" by Mark Levy offers an unusual way to find a solution to a problem - freewriting.
- "Create and sell" S. Voinskaya. The book tells how to sell your creation.
Knitting. No wardrobe, whether women or men, is complete without knitwear. Therefore, this type of work will never cease to be relevant. Moreover, knitting itself can be done different ways- knitting, crocheting, on a fork and even just with your hands.
If you analyze the collections that appear on fashion catwalks, you will always see knitwear in them. Many people want to have exclusive knitwear: sweaters, cardigans, pullovers, dresses and buy them with pleasure.
Also quite popular are various crocheted costumes for baby photo shoots.
Crochet and knitting by craftsmen from all over the world
Sewing. Needless to say here - at all times there were those who wanted to sew something original and different, something that fits perfectly, given the features of the figure. In addition to wardrobe items, you can offer toys, decorative pillows, patchwork or other items.
Teddy bear makeover from baby romper by Jessaca Chelette (chelettesdecorandmore.com) Felting wool (felting). In this technique, you can create both small things - jewelry, toys, paintings, and something grandiose - coats, bags, and even carpets or furniture. You can find out about it on my blog.
Embroidery. Something that any woman or girl will surely like. It can be not only simple embroidery on fabric, but also with beads, ribbons, hemstitching and more.
Each product, made in this technique, is completely individual. Photo albums, notebooks, notebooks - they can use things that belong to the person who makes the order - personal photos, fabric scraps of favorite things, beads, etc. All this creates a vintage style.
- a way to decorate dishes, interior items, furniture using napkins, postcards, etc. Many have reached such perfection in this matter that they can create works of art.
Quilling. Products made using this technique are made using multi-colored paper strips. Who wouldn't want a personalized card or photo frame that also looks lacy and fragile?
Soap making and making homemade cosmetics. Handmade soap can now be found in almost any store. But, if you're good at soap making, you can always offer soap. different forms and smells, besides it is a natural and ecological product.
Handmade cosmetics are also very popular. Funds often come out much more useful than store-bought ones. Proven craftswomen do not suffer from a lack of customers. You can create oil blends, scrubs, masks, shampoos, massage tiles and more.
Sculpting from polymer clay. Clay is a material with almost limitless possibilities. Products from it will turn out bright, unusual and beautiful: jewelry, toys, household items - everything can be done, if only there was a fantasy.
topiary art came to us from ancient Rome. So called cutting plants in the form of various shapes. Now topiaries are a subject of decor and interior design and can represent both small plants and small trees on a stem, made from improvised means.
Clothing and accessories for pets. Tailoring for pet dogs is also gaining more and more popularity. Housewives go to great lengths to make their pets stand out as well =) Tailoring of carrying bags, beds and accessories is also possible.
There are a lot of handicraft techniques, and in addition to the above, you can make jewelry, beading, painting on fabric and much more.
Perhaps, if you are an ace in the manufacture of products using a technique that is not yet very common in Russia - ebru, oshibana, temaro, pergamano, hardanger and others, then it's time to find your niche, because in fact you can offer completely unique products. .
Or just take a different look at everyday things =)
And now it's time for the second selection of inspiring stories of making money on handmade.
In the video you will see:
- Joan - link to etsy
- Ruta - link to etsy
- Olena - link to etsy
Choosing your own creative path
Originality and individual style are increasingly valued in modern world. In order for your work to be successfully sold, you should follow simple rules:
1) Create a thing so that you yourself are not ashamed to use(gift, dress, put on a shelf)
As I said above, with a large number of orders, the needlewoman usually strives to complete them faster and faster.
The quality of work should not suffer.
I saw that some people explain all the shortcomings with the author's style and truly handmade work, but I think these excuses can not always help. Be careful, fill the little things with your warmth. When the Author puts his whole soul and emotions into his creations, they will be filled with positive energy. It seems to me that such things must bring good luck)
2) Try to bring your own unique style to your work. And if sometimes it seems that everything was invented before you, believe me - it's not!
Communicate with like-minded people, visit exhibitions and thematic sites. Look for inspiration in those around you.
Not enough inspiration? ;) Then look at the first selection of wonderful stories of making money on creativity from Anastasia Madeira. From this video you will learn about 3 girls who managed to make their dreams come true. So much so that the whole world now knows about their work!
So, get acquainted:
- Yoko — link to etsy store
- Rosa— Etsy shop link
- Kristin — link to etsy store
Perhaps I can’t resist and give a photo of one of the awesome winged scarves from Shovava
3) Even insanely unique things must be able to sell correctly. Otherwise, you have a chance to never find his buyer.
Learn how to properly promote your work, write descriptions for them.
To begin with, you can make small gifts to friends and relatives, observe their reaction, ask what is missing, and so on.
New types of needlework in the world do not appear very often, but modern girls For those who want to stand out from the crowd, there are plenty to choose from!
Traditional needlework techniques rarely go into oblivion, rather the opposite - old craftsmanship return and quickly gain their fans. But progress does not stand still, and modern technologies and the way of life of people contribute to the emergence of new types of needlework that deserve no less attention than the oldest techniques. What to do for a girl who wants to be in trend and keep up with the rapid development of the needlework world.
Street knitting in a new style
The technique of knitting has been around for a long time, but modern knitters do not want to limit themselves to creating clothes and home decor items. Today it is fashionable to knit "outfits" for city streets, parks and their own summer cottages. This direction appeared in 2005 absolutely by accident. It was invented by the owner of an American store in order to draw attention to her product. The hobby has received a name and has already won the hearts of Europeans.
Want to try? Start knitting covers for trees, garden pots, trash cans. Tie a mesh fence, dress a dog house or birdhouse, lampposts or flower vases in a bright “suit”. It is not only fashionable, but also very beautiful!
Diamond embroidery - Japanese miracle
studying modern views needlework, not to be missed. This fascinating and very beautiful hobby came from China. In it, the Chinese combined two ancient techniques at once - mosaic and embroidery with beads and stones. The technology of diamond embroidery bears little resemblance to traditional ones, since needles and fabrics are not used here.
The picture is obtained by laying out patterns of rhinestones on ready scheme, pre-coated special glue. Instead of a needle, tweezers are used, with which the motif is carefully laid out, following the image. The finished work is covered with a transparent varnish for durability.
In this way, you can "embroider" not only paintings, but also voluminous objects, for example, caskets, vases, bottles.
To try yourself in this new kind of needlework, you need to buy ready set, which includes a diagram with an adhesive surface, protected by paper, a set of rhinestones, tweezers. In large paintings, the adhesive base is covered with sheets of several fragments, which prevents drying out and allows you to stretch the pleasure of creating a masterpiece for several days.
Polymer clay jewelry
Polymer clay, or plastic - relatively new material, which the needlewomen could not ignore. Plastic has nothing to do with real clay, as it is a typical polymer present. with this material is simple - it is easy to give the plastic mass any shape, mixing shades and colors. Finished products can be baked, or you can simply boil them in boiling water - it's faster and much safer.
Mastering new types of needlework, craftswomen learned how to create elements for jewelry from polymer clay - necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets. These can be complex flower figures or ordinary beads resembling minerals.
One of the most interesting areas in this type of creativity is a technique that imitates cross-stitch. Such work requires perseverance and patience, but the result is worth it to try.
Weaving from newspaper tubes
This relatively new type of handicraft was born due to the fact that waste paper collection points were closed, and free advertising newspapers began to appear in the boxes every day. Decor and household items are woven from newspapers: baskets, vases, boxes for linen, caskets, all kinds of boxes.
Toys from nylon socks
Crafts from denim
Most often, new types of needlework are born from modern materials. This is how denim crafts appeared, for which, as a rule, they take out-of-fashion or obsolete jeans. From durable and practical material needlewomen learned how to sew furniture covers, blankets, blankets, pillows, rugs, curtains.
Fashionistas sew bags and new coats from denim. Animal lovers come up with costumes for their pets. Creative natures create wall panels, playing various shades jeans. If you want to be inspired by new ideas, see our on this topic in another publication.
Knitting from plastic bags
Some new types of needlework in the world appear due to concern for the preservation of the environment. Such hobbies include knitting from plastic bags. Of course, mostly new packages are taken for work, but the idea itself was born precisely at the moment of thinking about their disposal. Where else to put dozens of packages from the supermarket, if not learn how to turn them into beautiful crafts?
Beautiful bathroom rugs, shower slippers, openwork napkins are knitted from colored garbage bags. Moisture-resistant material is not afraid of mold, so it is actively used for crafts used in wet rooms and in the garden.
From multi-colored polyethylene, durable and beautiful fashionable bags, baskets for vegetables and fruits, boxes for small items, caskets, cosmetic bags and many other things that can be crocheted are obtained.
Parchment Craft - a new word in paper art
- Russian pronunciation of the definition of parchment craft, which translates as parchment craft. The technology for creating handicrafts was borrowed from the Middle Ages, when the finest untanned leather was used for embossing. Leather is an expensive material, so modern needlewomen at the end of the 20th century began to work with tracing paper and parchment - affordable paper.
The second name of this hobby, parchment, was born on behalf of the manufacturer of special paper for this art, Pergamano, because it is impossible to get an elegant craft from ordinary tracing paper, you need a special one - with a density of at least 150 g / m2.
unusual or take a look at the list. To help the doubters, we have prepared, which will help you decide on the choice of hobby.
World creative people impossible to limit, we will wait to introduce you to new hobbies, so visit us more often and join our groups in social networks to stay up to date with the news.
Creativity is a process of human activity, the result of which is the creation of material and spiritual values that are new in quality, distinguished by uniqueness, originality and originality. It originated in ancient times. Since then, there has been an inextricable link between it and the development of society. AT creative process imagination and the skill that a person acquires by gaining knowledge and putting it into practice are involved.
Creativity is an active state and a manifestation of human freedom, the result of creative activity, it is a gift, given to man over. It is not necessary to be great and talented in order to create, create beauty and give people love and kindness to everything around. Today, creative activities are available to everyone, as there are various types of arts, and everyone can choose an activity to their liking.
Who is considered a creative person?
These are not only artists, sculptors, actors, singers and musicians. Any person who uses non-standard approaches in his work is creative. It can even be a housewife. The main thing is to love your work and put your soul into it. Be sure: the result will exceed all your expectations!
decorative art
This is a type of plastic art, which includes interior decoration (decorating a room using easel painting) and exterior (using stained-glass windows and mosaics), design art (using industrial graphics and posters), and applied art.
These types of creativity provide a unique opportunity to get acquainted with the cultural traditions of their people, bring up a sense of patriotism and great respect for human work. Creating a creative product instills a love of beauty and forms technical abilities and skills.
Applied art
This is a folk decorative art designed to decorate the life and life of people in everyday life, depending on their requirements. Creating things of a certain form and purpose, a person always finds a use for them and tries to preserve the attractiveness and beauty seen in them. Art objects are inherited, from ancestors to descendants. They trace folk wisdom, way of life, character. In the process of creativity, a person puts his soul, feelings, his ideas about life into works of art. Perhaps that is why their educational value is so great.
Conducting archaeological excavations, scientists find various things, household items. According to them, it is determined historical era, relations in the society of that distant time, conditions in the social and natural environments, the possibilities of technology, financial situation, traditions and beliefs of the people. Types of creativity can tell about the lifestyle people led, what they did and were interested in, how they treated everything around them. Artistic Features works of applied art instill in a person respect for the culture and heritage of the nation.
Decorative and applied art. Types of techniques
What are the types of applied art? There are a great many of them! Depending on the method of manufacturing a particular item and the material used, the following needlework techniques are distinguished:
- Associated with the use of paper: iris folding, or rainbow folding of paper, paper plastic, corrugated tubes, quilling, origami, papier-mâché, scrapbooking, embossing, trimming.
- Weaving techniques: ganutel, beading, macrame, bobbin weaving, tatting or knot weaving.
- Painting: Zhostovo, Khokhloma, Gorodets, etc.
- Types of painting: batik - drawing on fabric; stained-glass window - painting on glass; stamp and sponge printing; drawing with palms and prints of leaves; ornament - repetition and alternation of pattern elements.
- Creation of drawings and images: blowing paint through a tube; guilloche - burning a pattern on a fabric; mosaic - creating an image from elements of small sizes; thread graphics - making an image with threads on a solid surface.
- Fabric embroidery techniques: simple and Bulgarian cross stitch, straight and oblique stitch, tapestry, carpet and ribbon embroidery, gold embroidery, cutwork, hemstitch and many others.
- Sewing on fabric: patchwork, quilting, quilting or patchwork; artichoke, kanzashi and others.
- Knitting techniques: on a fork; on knitting needles (simple European); crochet Tunisian; jacquard, sirloin, guipure.
- Types of creativity associated with wood processing: burning, sawing, carving.
As you can see for yourself, there are a huge number of different types of arts and crafts techniques. Only a few of them are listed here.
Folk art
In the works of art created by the people, the main thing is selected and carefully preserved, there is no place for superfluous. Objects of folk art are endowed with the most expressive properties. This art embodies simplicity and taste. Therefore, it has become understandable, loved and accessible to people.
Since ancient times, man has sought to decorate his home with objects of folk art. After all, they retain the warmth of the hands of a craftsman who understands nature, skillfully selects only the most beautiful for his objects. Unsuccessful creations are eliminated, only valuable and great ones remain alive.
Each era has its own fashion for the interior of a person's home, which is constantly changing. Over time, strict lines are becoming more and more preferable. rectangular shapes. But even today people draw ideas from an invaluable pantry - folk talents.
Folklore
This is folklore, which is reflected in the artistic collective creative activity of the common man. His works reflect the life, ideals and worldviews created by the people. They then exist in the masses.
Types of folk art:
- Proverbs are poetic mini-works in the form of a short rhythmic saying. It is based on conclusion, teaching and generalized morality.
- Sayings are turns of speech or phrases that reflect life phenomena. Humorous notes are often present.
- Folk songs - they do not have an author or he is unknown. The words and the music chosen for them were formed in the course of historical development culture of a particular ethnic group.
- Chastushki are Russian folk songs in miniature, usually in the form of a quatrain, with humorous content.
- Riddles - they are found at any stage of the development of society among all peoples. In ancient times, they were considered a means of testing wisdom.
- Pestushki - short tunes of mothers and nannies in poetic form.
- Nursery rhymes are sentence songs that accompany the game with the child's arms and legs.
- Jokes are funny short stories in poetic form.
- It is impossible to imagine the types of folk art without invocations, with the help of which people during the spread of paganism turned to various natural phenomena, asking them for protection, or to animals and birds.
- Rhyming rhymes are small rhythmic rhymes. With their help, the leader in the game is determined.
- Tongue twisters are phrases built on a combination of sounds that make it difficult to pronounce them quickly.
Creativity related to literature
Literary creativity is represented by three kinds: epic, lyrical and dramatic. They were created in ancient times, but they still exist today, as they determine the ways of solving the problems set for literature by human society.
The epic is based on the artistic reproduction of the external world, when the speaker (the author or narrator himself) reports the events and their details as something that has passed and is remembered, along the way resorting to descriptions of the situation of the action and the appearance of the characters, and sometimes to reasoning. Lyrics are a direct expression of the writer's feelings and thoughts. The dramatic method combines the first two, when actors with very different characters are presented in one play with direct lyrical self-identification.
Literary creativity, represented by epic, lyrics and drama, fully opens up endless possibilities for a deep reflection of people's lives, their consciousness. Each literary genre has its own forms:
- Epic - fable, poem, ballad, story, story, novel, essay, artistic memoir.
- Lyrical - ode, elegy, satire, epigram.
- Dramatic - tragedy, comedy, drama, vaudeville, joke, stage.
In addition, individual forms of any kind of poetry are divided into groups or types. For example, the genre of a literary work is epic. The form is a novel. Types: socio-psychological, philosophical, family, adventure, satirical, historical, science fiction.
Folk art
This is a capacious concept that includes various genres and types of artistic creativity. They are based on original traditions and original ways and forms of creative activity, which is associated with human labor and develops collectively, based on the continuity of traditions.
Folk art reflects the inner world of a person, his spiritual appearance, the living memory of the people. There are several periods in its development:
- Pagan (until the 10th century).
- Christian (X-XVII centuries).
- Domestic history (XVII-XIX centuries).
- XX century.
Folk art undergoes a long path of development, as a result of which the following types of artistic creativity were determined:
- Folklore is the worldview and moral convictions of the people, their views on man, nature and society, which are expressed in verbal-poetic, musical-choreographic, dramatic forms.
- Decorative and applied art is designed to satisfy the aesthetic needs and everyday needs of a person.
- Household amateur creativity is an artistic phenomenon in the festive and everyday life of a person.
- Amateur art is organized creativity. It is focused on teaching people artistic skills and abilities.
Creativity related to technology
The labor activity of a person is constantly improving, acquiring a creative character. Many people manage to rise to the highest level in their creations and inventions. So what is technical creativity? This is an activity, the main task of which is to create such technical solutions that will be new and have social significance not only in their own country, but also outside it, that is, the world. Otherwise, it is called invention, which is equivalent to the concept of technical creativity. And it is interconnected with scientific, artistic and other types.
For our contemporaries, great opportunities are open and all conditions have been created for doing what they love. There is a huge number of specialized clubs, palaces, circles, scientific societies. In these institutions, adults and children are engaged in aircraft and ship modeling, motorcycle sports, karting, car design, programming, computer science, computer technology. Such types of creativity as the development of designs for sports vehicles are very popular: mini-cars, autocars, equipment for fishermen, tourists and climbers.
Tuesday, February 15, 2011 10:20 am + to quote pad
The article was written based on the materials of the site "Country of Masters" (mostly).
Studying the recently discovered site "Country of Masters" and never ceasing to be surprised and admired by the variety of applied art techniques and the talent of our people, I decided to systematize the techniques.
The list will be updated as new techniques are discovered.
* Techniques related to the use of paper:
1. Iris folding ("Rainbow folding") - paper folding technique. Appeared in Holland. The technique requires attention and accuracy, but at the same time it allows you to easily make spectacular postcards or decorate the pages of a memorable album (scrapbooking) with interesting decorative elements.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/776
2. Paper plastics in terms of creativity is very similar to sculpture. But, in paper plastic, all products are empty inside, all products are shells of the depicted object. And in sculpture - either there is an increase in volume additional elements, or the excess is removed (cut off).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/462
3. Corrugated tubes - this is the name of the technique for making products, in which tubes from corrugated paper. Corrugated tubes are obtained by winding a strip of paper on a stick, pencil or knitting needle, followed by compression. The compressed corrugated tube holds its shape well and has many options for execution and use.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1492
4. Quilling (from the English quilling - from the word quil "bird feather") - the art of paper rolling. It originated in medieval Europe, where nuns created medallions by twisting paper strips with gilded edges on the tip of a bird's feather, which created an imitation of a gold miniature.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/587
http://stranamasterov.ru/node/1364
4. Origami (from Japanese letters: “folded paper”) - ancient art folding paper figures. The art of origami has its roots in Ancient China where the paper was opened.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/560
Kinds:
- Kirigami - a type of origami that allows the use of scissors and paper cutting in the process of making a model. This is the main difference between kirigami and other paper folding techniques, which is emphasized in the name: kiru - cut, kami - paper.
Pop-up is a whole trend in art. This technique combines elements of techniques.
- Kirigami and Cutouts and allows you to create three-dimensional designs and postcards that fold into a flat figure.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1723
- Kusudama (Japanese: "medicine ball") - a paper model, which is usually (but not always) formed by stitching together the ends of many identical pyramidal modules (usually stylized flowers folded from a square sheet of paper), so that a spherical body is obtained forms. Alternatively, individual components can be glued together (for example, the kusudama in the bottom photo is completely glued, not sewn). Sometimes, as a decoration, a tassel is attached from below.
The art of kusudama comes from an ancient Japanese tradition where kusudama was used for incense and a mixture of dry petals; these may have been the first true bouquets of flowers or herbs. The word itself is a combination of the two Japanese words kusuri (medicine) and tama (ball). Currently, kusudami are usually used for decoration or as gifts.
Kusudama is an important part of origami, particularly as a precursor to modular origami. It is often confused with modular origami, which is incorrect, since the elements that make up kusudama are sewn or glued, and not nested into each other, as modular origami suggests.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/850
- Origami from circles - folding origami from a paper circle. Usually, an appliqué is then glued from the folded parts.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1636
- Origami modular - the creation of three-dimensional figures from triangular origami modules - invented in China. The whole figure is assembled from many identical parts (modules). Each module is folded according to the rules of classic origami from one sheet of paper, and then the modules are connected by nesting them into each other. The resulting friction force does not allow the structure to disintegrate.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/15
5. Papier-mâché (French papier-mâché “chewed paper”) is an easily shaped mass obtained from a mixture of fibrous materials (paper, cardboard) with adhesives, starch, gypsum, etc. Papier-mâché is used to make dummies , masks, study guides, toys, theatrical props, boxes. In some cases, even furniture.
In Fedoskino, Palekh, Kholui papier-mâché is used to make the basis for traditional lacquer miniatures.
You can decorate a papier-mâché blank not only with paints, painting like famous artists, but using decoupage or assemblage.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/561
7. Embossing (another name is "embossing") - mechanical extrusion that creates images on paper, cardboard, polymer material or plastic, foil, parchment (a technique called "parchment", see below), as well as on leather or birch bark, in which the material itself is embossed with a convex or concave stamp with or without heating, sometimes with the additional use of foil and paints. Embossing is carried out mainly on book covers, postcards, invitation cards, labels, soft packaging, etc.
This type of work can be determined by many factors: force, texture and thickness of the material, the direction of its cutting, layout and other factors.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1626
Kinds:
- Parchment - parchment paper (thick waxed tracing paper) is processed with an embossing tool and becomes convex and whitens during processing. In this technique, interesting postcards are obtained, and this technique can also be used to design a scrappage.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1705
- Texturing - applying an image using a cliche on a smooth material, usually metallized paper, in order to simulate foil stamping. Also used to imitate the skin of certain breeds (for example, a cliché with a pattern that imitates the skin of a crocodile, etc.)
* Techniques related to weaving:
Man learned weaving much earlier than pottery. At first, he wove dwellings (roofs, fences, furniture), all kinds of baskets for various needs (cradles, tuesas, wagons, turtles, baskets) and shoes from long flexible branches. Man has learned to braid his hair.
With the development of this type of needlework, more and more different materials for application appeared. It turned out that you can weave from everything that comes across: from vines and reeds, from ropes and threads, from leather and birch bark, from wire and beads, from newspapers .... Such weaving techniques as weaving, weaving from birch bark and reeds appeared. , tatting, macrame knot weaving, bobbin weaving, beading, ganutel, kumihimo cord weaving, chain mail weaving, net weaving, Indian mandala weaving, their imitations (weaving from paper strips and candy wrappers, weaving from newspapers and magazines)...
As it turned out, this type of needlework is still popular, because using it, you can weave a lot of beautiful and useful things, decorating our home with them.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/302
1. Beading, like the beads themselves, has a long history. The ancient Egyptians were the first to learn how to weave necklaces from beaded threads, string bracelets and cover women's dresses with beaded nets. But only in the 19th century did the real flourishing of bead production begin. For a long time, the Venetians carefully guarded the secrets of creating a glass miracle. Craftsmen and craftswomen decorated clothes and shoes, purses and handbags, cases for fans and eyeglasses, as well as other elegant things with beads.
With the advent of beads in America, the natives began to use it instead of traditional Indian familiar materials. For ritual belt, cradle, headband, basket, hairnet, earrings, snuff boxes..
In the Far North, beaded embroidery was used to decorate fur coats, high fur boots, hats, reindeer harness, leather sunglasses...
Our great-grandmothers were very inventive. Among the huge variety of elegant trinkets, there are amazing items. Brushes and cases for chalk, cases for a toothpick (!), an inkwell, a pen and a pencil, a collar for a beloved dog, a coaster, lace collars, Easter eggs, chessboards and much, much, much more.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1355
2. Ganutel - exclusive Maltese needlework. It is in the monasteries of the Mediterranean that this technique of creating beautiful flowers to decorate the altar has been preserved to this day.
The ganutel uses thin spiral wire and silk threads to wind parts, as well as beads, pearls or seed beads. Brilliant flowers are elegant and light.
In the 16th century, a spiral wire made of gold or silver was called in Italian “canutiglia”, and in Spanish “canutillo”, in Russian this word probably transformed into “gimp”.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1170
3. Macrame (from Arabic - braid, fringe, lace or from Turkish - scarf or napkin with fringe) - nodular weaving technique.
The technique of this nodular weaving has been known since antiquity. According to some reports, macrame came to Europe in the VIII-IX centuries from the East. This technique was known in Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Iran, Peru, China, Ancient Greece.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/750
4. Lace weaving on bobbin. In Russia, the Vologda, Yelets, Kirov, Belevsky, Mikhailovsky crafts are still known.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1687
5. Tatting is a woven nodular lace. It is also called shuttle lace, because this lace is woven with a special shuttle.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1728
* Techniques related to painting, various types of painting and creating images:
Drawing is a genre in the visual arts and a corresponding technique that creates a visual image (image) on a surface or object using graphic means, drawing elements (as opposed to pictorial elements), mainly from lines and strokes.
For example: charcoal drawing, pencil drawing, ink and pen drawing...
Painting - a type of fine art associated with the transmission of visual images by applying paints to a solid or flexible base; creating an image using digital technology; as well as works of art made in such ways.
The most common works of painting are made on flat or almost flat surfaces, such as canvas stretched on a stretcher, wood, cardboard, paper, treated wall surfaces, etc. Paintings also include images made with paints on decorative and ceremonial vessels. whose surfaces can have complex shapes.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1218
1. Batik - hand-painted on fabric using reserve compositions.
The batik technique is based on the fact that paraffin, rubber glue, as well as some other resins and varnishes, when applied to a fabric (silk, cotton, wool, synthetics), do not allow paint to pass through - or, as the artists say, "reserve" from coloring separate sections fabrics.
There are several types of batik - hot, cold, nodular, free painting, free painting using saline, shibori.
Batik - batik is an Indonesian word. Translated from Indonesian, the word "ba" means cotton fabric, and "-tik" means "dot" or "drop". Ambatik - draw, cover with drops, hatch.
Painting "batik" has long been known among the peoples of Indonesia, India, etc. In Europe - since the twentieth century.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/916
2. Stained glass (lat. Vitrum - glass) is one of the types of decorative art. Glass or other transparent material is the base material. The history of stained-glass windows begins from ancient times. Initially, glass was inserted into a window or doorway, then the first mosaic paintings and independent decorative compositions appeared, panels made from colored pieces of glass or painted with special paints on plain glass.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/886
3. Blowing - a technique based on blowing paint through a tube (on a sheet of paper). This ancient technique was traditional both for the creators of ancient images (bone tubes were used).
Modern tubes for juice are no worse in use. They help to blow recognizable, unusual, and sometimes fantastic drawings from a small amount of liquid paint onto a sheet of paper.
4. Guilloche - the technique of burning an openwork pattern on fabric manually using a burning apparatus was developed and patented by Zinaida Petrovna Kotenkova.
Guilloche requires precision in work. It should be made in a single color scheme and correspond to the ornamental style of a given composition.
Napkins, panels with appliqués, bookmarks for books, handkerchiefs, collars - all this and much more that your imagination will tell you, will decorate any home!
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1342
5. Grattage (from the French gratter - scrape, scratch) - scratching technique.
The drawing is highlighted by scratching with a pen or a sharp instrument on paper or cardboard filled with ink (so that it does not blur, you need to add a little detergent or shampoo, just a few drops).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/686
6. Mosaic is one of the most ancient arts. This is a way to create an image from small elements. Putting together the puzzle is very important for the mental development of the child.
Maybe from different materials: bottle caps, beads, buttons, plastic chips, wooden saw cuts of twigs or matches, magnetic pieces, glass, ceramic pieces, small stones, shells, thermo mosaic, Tetris mosaic, coins, pieces of fabric or paper, grain, cereals, seeds maple, pasta, any natural material (cone scales, needles, watermelon and melon seeds), pencil shavings, bird feathers, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/438
7. Monotype (from the Greek monos - one, single and tupos - print) - one of the simplest graphic techniques.
On a smooth surface of glass or thick glossy paper (it should not let water through) - a drawing is made with gouache paint or paints. A sheet of paper is placed on top and pressed against the surface. The result is a mirror image.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/663
8. Thread graphics (thread, thread image, thread design) - graphic image, made in a special way with threads on cardboard or other solid base. Thread graphics are also sometimes called isography or cardboard embroidery. You can also use velvet (velvet paper) or thick paper as a base. Threads can be ordinary sewing, woolen, floss or others. You can also use colored silk threads.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/452
9. Ornament (Latin ornamentum - decoration) - a pattern based on the repetition and alternation of its constituent elements; designed to decorate various items (utensils, tools and weapons, textiles, furniture, books, etc.), architectural structures (both from the outside and in the interior), works of plastic arts (mainly applied), among primitive peoples as well most human body(coloring book, tattoo). Associated with the surface that it decorates and visually organizes, an ornament, as a rule, reveals or accentuates the architectonics of the object on which it is applied. The ornament either operates with abstract forms or stylizes real motifs, often schematizing them beyond recognition.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1222
10. Print.
Kinds:
- Sponge printing. For this, both a sea sponge and a regular one intended for washing dishes are suitable.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1094
Wood is usually used as the starting material for stamping with a cliche print, so that it is convenient to take it in hand. One side is made even, because. cardboard is pasted on it, and patterns on cardboard. They (patterns) can be from paper, from a rope, from an old eraser, from root crops ...
- Stamp (stamping). Wood is usually used as the starting material for stamping with a cliche print, so that it is convenient to take it in hand. One side is made even, because. cardboard is pasted on it, and patterns on cardboard. They (patterns) can be from paper, from a rope, from an old eraser, from root crops, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1068
11. Pointillism (fr. Pointillisme, literally “dottedness”) is a style of writing in painting that uses pure paints that do not mix on the palette, applied in small strokes of a rectangular or round shape, based on their optical mixing in the eye of the viewer, in contrast to mixing paints on the palette. Optical mixing of three primary colors (red, blue, yellow) and pairs of secondary colors (red - green, blue - orange, yellow - violet) gives a much greater brightness than mechanical mixture pigments. The mixing of colors with the formation of shades occurs at the stage of perception of the picture by the viewer from a long distance or in a reduced form.
Georges Seurat was the founder of the style.
Another name for pointillism is divisionism (from Latin divisio - division, crushing).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/700
12. Drawing with palms. It is difficult for small children to use a paint brush. There is a very an exciting activity which will give the child new sensations, develop fine motor skills hands, will give you the opportunity to discover a new and magical world of artistic creativity - this is drawing with your hands. Drawing with their hands, little artists develop their imagination and abstract thinking.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1315
13. Drawing with leaf prints. Having collected various fallen leaves, smear each leaf with gouache from the side of the veins. The paper you are going to print on can be colored or white. Press the sheet with the painted side against the sheet of paper, carefully remove it, taking the "tail" (petiole). This process can be repeated over and over. And now, having finished the details, you already have a butterfly flying over the flower.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/667
14. Painting. One of the most ancient types of folk crafts, which for several centuries have been an integral part of everyday life and original culture people. In Russian folk art there is a large number of varieties of this type of arts and crafts.
Here are some of them:
- Zhostovo painting - old Russian folk craft, arose at the beginning of the 19th century, in the village of Zhostovo, Mytishchi district, Moscow region. It is one of the most famous types of Russian folk painting. Zhostovo trays are painted by hand. Usually bouquets of flowers are depicted on a black background.
- Gorodets painting - Russian folk art craft. It has existed since the middle of the 19th century. near the city of Gorodets. Bright, laconic Gorodets painting (genre scenes, figurines of horses, roosters, floral patterns), made with a free brushstroke with white and black graphic strokes, adorned spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, and doors.
- Khokhloma painting - an old Russian folk craft, born in the 17th century in the district of Nizhny Novgorod.
Khokhloma is decorative painting wooden utensils and furniture, made in black and red (and, occasionally, green) on a golden background. When painting a tree, silver tin powder is applied to the tree. After that, the product is coated with a special composition and processed three or four times in the oven, which achieves a unique honey-golden color, which gives the effect of massiveness to light wooden utensils. The traditional elements of Khokhloma are red juicy rowan and strawberry berries, flowers and branches. Often there are birds, fish and animals.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/301
15. Encaustic (from ancient Greek “the art of burning”) is a painting technique in which wax is the binder of paints. Painting is done with paints in molten form (hence the name). A variety of encaustic is wax tempera, which is distinguished by its brightness and richness of colors. Many early Christian icons were painted in this technique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1485
*Techniques related to sewing, embroidery and the use of fabrics:
Sewing is a colloquial form of the verb "to sew", i.e. what is sewn or sewn.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1136
2. Patchwork, Quilting, Quilting or Patchwork is a folk arts and crafts, with centuries-old traditions and stylistic features. This is a technique that uses pieces of multi-colored fabrics or knitted elements. geometric shapes for joining in a bedspread, blouse or bag.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1347
Kinds:
- Artichoke is a type of patchwork that got its name because of its resemblance to the fruit of the artichoke. This technique has other names - “teeth”, “corners”, “scales”, “feathers”.
By and large, in this technique, it all comes down to folding the cut out parts and sewing them onto the base in a certain sequence. Or, using paper, compose (glue) various panels of a rounded (or polyhedral shape) on a plane or in volume.
There are two ways to sew: the tip of the blanks is directed to the center of the main part, or to its edges. This is if you sew a flat product. For products of a volumetric nature - with a tip to a narrower part. The parts to be folded are not necessarily cut into squares. It can be both rectangles and circles. In any case, we meet with the folding of cut-out blanks, therefore, it can be argued that these patchwork techniques belong to the origami patchwork family, and since they create volume, therefore, they also belong to the "3d" technique.
Example: http://stranamasterov.ru/node/137446?tid=1419
- Crazy quilt. I recently came across this one as well. I think it's a multimethod.
The bottom line is that the product is created from a combination of various techniques: patchwork + embroidery + painting, etc.
Example:
3. Tsumami Kanzashi. Tsumami is based on origami. Only they fold not paper, but squares of natural silk. The word "Tsumami" means "to pinch": the master takes a piece of folded silk using tweezers or tweezers. The petals of future flowers are then glued onto the base.
Hairpin (kanzashi), decorated with a silk flower, gave the name to a whole new kind of arts and crafts. This technique was used to make decorations for combs, and for individual sticks, as well as for complex structures made up of various accessories.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1724
* Techniques related to knitting:
What is knitting? This is the process of making products from continuous threads by bending them into loops and connecting the loops to each other using simple tools by hand (crochet hook, knitting needles).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/729
1. Knitting on a fork. An interesting way to crochet using a special device - a fork, curved in the shape of the letter U. The result is light, airy patterns.
2. Crochet (tambour) - the process of hand-made fabric or lace from threads using a crochet hook. creating not only dense, embossed patterns, but also thin, openwork, reminiscent of a lace fabric. Knitting patterns consist of different combinations loops and posts. The correct ratio - the thickness of the hook should be almost twice the thickness of the thread.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/858
3. Simple (European) knitting allows you to combine several types of loops, which creates simple and complex openwork patterns.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1157
4. Tunisian knitting with a long hook (both one and several loops can simultaneously participate to create a pattern).
5. Jacquard knitting - patterns are knitted on knitting needles from threads of several colors.
6. Fillet knitting - imitates fillet-guipure embroidery on a special grid.
7. Guipure knitting (Irish or Brussels lace) crochet.
2. Sawing. One type is sawing with a jigsaw. Decorating your life and home with handicrafts or children's toys convenient for everyday life, you experience the joy of appearance and the pleasure of the process of their creation.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1418
3. Carving - a kind of arts and crafts. Is one of the types artistic processing wood along with sawing, turning.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1113
* Other self-sufficient techniques:
1. Application (from Latin “attaching”) is a way of working with colored pieces of various materials: paper, fabric, leather, fur, felt, colored beads, beads, woolen threads, chased metal plates, all kinds of fabric (velvet, satin, silk), dried leaves... This use of various materials and structures in order to enhance expressive possibilities is very close to another means of representation - collage.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/364
Also exist:
- Application from plasticine - plasticineography - a new kind of arts and crafts. It is a creation of stucco paintings depicting more or less convex, semi-voluminous objects on a horizontal surface. In essence, it is a rare, very expressive look"painting.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1243
- Application from "palms". Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/612
- Breakaway appliqué is one of the types of multifaceted appliqué technique. Everything is simple and accessible, like laying out a mosaic. The base is a sheet of cardboard, the material is a sheet of colored paper torn into pieces (several colors), the tool is glue and your hands. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1346
2. Assemblage (fr. assemblage) - a technique of visual art, akin to collage, but using three-dimensional details or whole objects, appliquely arranged on a plane like a picture. Allows pictorial additions with paints, as well as metal, wood, fabric and other structures. Sometimes it is applied to other works, from photomontage to spatial compositions, because the terminology of the latest visual art is not well established.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1412
3. Paper tunnel. The original English name for this technique is tunnel book, which can be translated as a book or paper tunnel. The essence of technology is well traced from the English name tunnel - tunnel - through hole. The multi-layered nature of the “books” (book) that is being compiled conveys the feeling of the tunnel well. There is a three-dimensional postcard. By the way, this technique successfully combines different types techniques, such as - scrapbooking, appliqué, cutting, creating layouts and voluminous books. It is somewhat akin to origami, because. aimed at folding paper in a certain way.
The first paper tunnel was dated to the middle of the 18th century. and was the epitome of theatrical scenes.
Traditionally, paper tunnels are created to commemorate an event or sold as souvenirs for tourists.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1411
4. Cutting is a very broad term.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/701
Cut out of paper, foam, foam rubber, birch bark, plastic bottles, from soap, from plywood (although this is already called sawing), from fruits and vegetables, as well as from other different materials. Apply various tools: scissors, breadboard knives, scalpel. They cut out masks, hats, toys, postcards, panels, flowers, figurines and much more.
Kinds:
- Silhouette cutting is a cutting technique in which objects of an asymmetric structure are cut out by eye, with curvilinear contours (fish, birds, animals, etc.), with complex outlines of figures and smooth transitions from one part to another. Silhouettes are easily recognizable and expressive, they should be without small details and as if in motion. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1416
- The cut is symmetrical. With symmetrical cutting, we repeat the contours of the image, which must fit exactly into the plane of the sheet of paper folded in half, consistently complicating the outline of the figure in order to correctly convey in applications external features stylized objects.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/466
- Vytynanka - the art of cutting openwork patterns from colored, white or black paper has existed since the time when paper was invented in China. And this type of carving became known as jianzhi. This art has spread all over the world: China, Japan, Vietnam, Mexico, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ukraine, Lithuania and many other countries.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/563
- Carving (see below).
5. Decoupage (from the French decoupage - noun, “what is cut out”) is a technique for decorating, appliqué, decorating with cut paper motifs. Chinese peasants in the XII century. began to decorate furniture in this way. And in addition to cut out pictures from thin colorful paper, they began to cover it with varnish to make it look like a painting! So, along with beautiful furniture, this technique also came to Europe.
Today, the most popular material for decoupage is three-layer napkins. Hence the other name - "napkin technology". The application can be absolutely limitless - dishes, books, caskets, candles, vessels, musical instruments, flower pots, bottles, furniture, shoes and even clothes! Any surface - leather, wood, metal, ceramics, cardboard, textiles, gypsum - must be plain and light, because. the pattern cut out of the napkin should be clearly visible.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/722
6. Carving (from the English carvу - cut, cut, engrave, cut; carving - carving, carved work, carved ornament, carved figure) in cooking is simplest form sculptures or engravings on the surface of vegetable and fruit products, such short-lived table decorations.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1339
7. Collage is a creative genre when a work is created from a wide variety of cut out images pasted onto paper, canvas or digitally. Comes from fr. papier collée - pasted paper. Very quickly, this concept began to be used in an expanded sense - a mixture of various elements, bright and expressive message from scraps of other texts, fragments collected on the same plane.
The collage can be completed by any other means - ink, watercolor, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/324
8. Constructor (from lat. constructor "builder") - an ambiguous term. For our profile, this is a set of mating parts. i.e. details or elements of some future layout, information about which is collected by the author, analyzed and embodied in a beautiful, artistically executed product.
Designers differ in the type of material - metal, wood, plastic and even paper (for example, paper origami modules). The combination of various elements creates interesting designs for games and fun.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/984
9. Modeling - shaping plastic material (plasticine, clay, plastic, salt dough, snowball, sand, etc.) with the help of hands and auxiliary tools. This is one of the basic techniques of sculpture, which is designed to master the primary principles of this technique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/670
10. A layout is a copy of an object with resizing (usually reduced), which is made with the preservation of proportions. The layout should also convey the main features of the object.
To create this unique piece, you can use various materials, it all depends on its functional purpose (exhibition layout, gift, presentation, etc.). It can be paper, cardboard, plywood, wooden blocks, plaster and clay parts, wire.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1397
Layout view - a model is a valid layout that depicts (imitates) any significant features of the original. Moreover, attention is focused on certain aspects of the modeled object or equally detailed thereof. The model is created to be used, for example, for visual-model teaching of mathematics, physics, chemistry and other school subjects, for a sea or air club. A variety of materials are used in modeling: air balloons, light and plastic mass, wax, clay, gypsum, papier-mâché, salty dough, paper, polystyrene foam, foam rubber, matches, knitting threads, fabric ...
Modeling is the creation of a model that is reliably close to the original.
"Models" are those layouts that are in effect. And models that do not work, i.e. "strand" - usually called a layout.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1353
11. Soap making. Animal and vegetable fats, fat substitutes (synthetic fatty acids, rosin, naphthenic acids, tall oil) can be used as raw materials for obtaining the main component of soap.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1631
12. Sculpture (lat. sculptura, from sculpo - cut, carve) - sculpture, plastic - a type of fine art, the works of which have a three-dimensional shape and are made of solid or plastic materials (metal, stone, clay, wood, plaster, ice, snow , sand, foam rubber, soap). Processing methods - molding, carving, casting, forging, chasing, cutting, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1399
13. Weaving - production of fabrics and textiles from yarn.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1318
14. Filting (or felting, or felting) - felting wool. There is "wet" and "dry".
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/736
15. Flat chasing is one of the types of arts and crafts, as a result of knocking out a certain ornamental relief, drawing, inscription or a round figured image, sometimes close to engraving, on a plate, a new work of art is created.
The processing of the material is carried out with the help of a rod - a chasing, which is placed vertically, on the upper end of which they hit with a hammer. Moving the coinage gradually manifested new form. The material must have a certain plasticity and the ability to change under the influence of force.
Examples:
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