Gdz Gorodets painting. Gorodets painting. Information

Gorodets painting is a traditional Russian art, which has its own characteristics, and is very interesting for children. It is known from the history of this type of painting that ordinary peasants used to do it, which gave a characteristic mixture of noble and simple-minded style.

The drawings were depicted mainly on a wooden base and were decorations for houses and household items. Today, Gorodets painting is adapted for children and adults, can be depicted on plain sheet paper.

The colors that are used for this craft are very bright and cheerful. Gorodets painting and each of its elements is a symbol. So, the image of a horse with a lush mane and a long neck means wealth, firebirds - happiness, and bright flower buds - success in any endeavor. Therefore, each drawing carries its own symbolic meaning.

If we talk about the complexity of the technique, then it largely depends on the elements that will be present in the pattern. If you understand the secret of technology, then the drawing will turn out easily and quickly.

From this article you will learn

What to buy for lessons

The modern approach makes it possible today to apply the technologies of using Gorodets painting not only on wood, as it was originally, but also on ordinary sheet paper. In the school curriculum, children are introduced to the methods of depicting animals and patterns of Gorodets masters.

To conduct lessons for children, you need to purchase such necessary supplies.

• The material on which the drawing will be displayed. For children who are just starting to take their first steps in Gorodets painting, ideal option will be plain paper or cardboard (not glossy).

For those who have already acquired the skills of the image technique, you can use wooden blanks for work. It can be cutting boards, plates, etc.

• Dye. Her choice also largely depends on how much children are engaged in this skill. If you're a beginner, then it's fine. gouache paints. The most common sets of 12 can be used.
• Tassels. They need to be selected in different sizes. It is better if these are brushes made of natural pile.
• Varnish. If you draw on a wooden surface, then after drying, the drawing must be fixed clear varnish. It will protect the drawing from damage and prevent the colors from fading.

Image start

In order for the drawing to turn out really neat and beautiful the first time, it’s not enough to just desire and prepared materials. It is very important to learn the technique of applying the image. Here you need to understand how to hold the brush, how to lead, what movements to use to depict the details of the picture.

All Gorodets painting is done in three stages. The first thing to do is apply a background on which the drawing will be superimposed. Next, we perform the drawing in stages.

• Underpainting. Large color spots, which will subsequently serve as the basis for the image. These are big figures. For children, underpainting elements are very easy to come by.

They are applied in a thin layer, completely shaded. You need to sketch them very carefully so that there are no divorces, influxes or gaps. For a good result, it is better to paint with a flat, wide brush.

• Tkanevka. Brush number 2 is used. The essence of this stage is breaking the underpainting into parts and highlighting details.
• Animations. This is another technique in the Gorodets technique. Here, in help is coming black and white paint, which highlight the accents of the picture. This stage is very difficult and requires concentration.

A lot of dots are applied to the underpainting and fabric with black and white paint, which give brightness and liveliness to the picture. It is important not to overdo it here, because a large number of animation can ruin the drawing.

Gorodets painting will turn out very well if you learn how to hold the brush correctly. It should be perpendicular to the surface on which the pattern is applied.

In this case, the arm should be supported on the elbow and fixed by it, while the hand remains mobile and free. If it is difficult for a child to hold a hand in this position for a long time, then you can make support on the little finger. In this position, the hand is easier to draw smooth and regular lines.

The last thing in drawing Gorodets painting is to connect all the elements together in stages. Pictures should be bright and colorful.

it main feature such a trend in the arts. If the child has learned to draw elements well on paper, you can continue and offer to draw on a wooden base.

Composition features

Gorodets painting has its own characteristics in the placement of the main elements. To make the drawing organic, you need to think it over very well and make a sketch. Only then are the elements transferred to the base. For children, it is necessary to explain the basic compositional techniques of Gorodets painting.

In the center of the picture, one large element is necessarily performed. It can be one of the images:

• plant motif (flower);
• image of an animal (horse, bird).

As additional elements in the composition of the Gorodets painting, smaller pictures of flowers and leaves appear. The composition ends with the design of the frame. She is also one of the decorations of the entire compositional range.

Gorodets painting requires the student to complete all the details in stages. He must understand that it will not be possible to quickly make such a drawing, since each of the stages is applied after the previous one has completely dried. Concentration and desire to achieve positive result- this is the main rule of an ideal drawing.

TOOLKIT

to art lessons

"Gorodets painting"

atreader primary school Rudakova Alla Nikolaevna

MBOU secondary school No. 4, Anapa,

Krasnodar region

Story

Gorodets painting originates from Gorodets , which had their own peculiarity: a comb and a bottom. To decorate the Donets, Gorodets craftsmen used a peculiar technique - : the figures were cut out of wood of a different breed and inserted into a recess corresponding in shape. Inserts made from dark stained , stand out in relief on the light surface of the bottom. Thus, with only two shades of wood and a simple tool, craftsmen turned the surface of the bottom board into a real picture.

Later, masters began to use tint for fine richness, a bright combination of yellow with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, red colors made the bottom even more elegant and colorful. A well-known master of inlaid donets with tint was .

The need to increase the production of spinning bottoms prompted the masters to simplify the technique decorative design. From the second half the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay began to be replaced by simple carving with tint, and since the 1870s, the picturesque manner of decoration has prevailed on the Gorodetsky Donets.

Peculiarities

In Nizhny Novgorod paintings, two types can be distinguished - Pavlovsk and Gorodets paintings, which were used to decorate chests, arches, sledges, children's furniture, spinning wheels and many small household items. The Gorodets style is distinguished primarily by its content. In the murals, genre scenes give the main impression. All these images are conditional in character, very free and decorative in form, and sometimes border on . This is life , , a magnificent parade of costumes. A significant place is occupied by floral motifs - lush "roses", painted widely and decoratively. By expression the master became a true painter. V. S. Voronov, who wrote that “the Nizhny Novgorod manner presents us with the purest version of the genuine pictorial art overcoming the limits of graphic captivity and based solely on the elements of painting ... ”Next to genre realistic motifs, idealized, decorative images of birds and animals also live in Gorodets murals.

There are exotic and . Especially often the image of a hot, strong horse or rooster in a proud, warlike pose. Most often these are paired images, facing each other. Gorodetsky master of painting loves flowers. They are scattered everywhere on the field of paintings with cheerful garlands and bouquets. Where the plot allows, the master willingly uses the motif of a magnificent curtain, picked up by a cord with tassels. The decorativeness of motifs is emphasized by the decorativeness of color and techniques. Favorite backgrounds are bright green or intense red, deep blue, sometimes black, on which the multi-colored Gorodetsky color splashes especially juicy. In the characterization of the plot, whitened tones give rich shades of color transitions. The painting is done with a brush, without a preliminary drawing, with a free and juicy stroke. It is very diverse - from a wide stroke to the thinnest line and a virtuoso stroke. The work of the master is fast and economical. Therefore, it is very generalized, simple in technique, free in the movement of the brush. Gorodets flower paintings, multicolored and expressive works by masters A. E. Konovalov and D. I. Kryukov are characteristic.

History of Gorodets painting

The painting, which is now called Gorodets, was born in the Volga region, in the villages located on the banks of the clear and bright river Uzora. In the villages of Koskovo, Kurtsevo, Khlebaikha, Repino, Savino, Boyarskoye and others. In the 18th century. there is a center for the production of spinning donets and toys. Peasants took their products to sell at the fair in the village of Gorodets. Therefore, the painting made on these products was called Gorodetskaya.

Dictionary Russian language V.I. Dalia explains that the word "bottom" means "a plank on which a spinner sits, sticking a comb into it." Having finished the work, she took out the comb, and hung the bottom on the wall, and it decorated the hut. Therefore, craftsmen paid Special attention decoration of boards with carving and painting. The spinning wheel was a faithful companion throughout the life of a peasant woman. It often served as a gift: the groom gave it to the bride, the father gave it to his daughter, the husband gave it to his wife. Therefore, the bottom was chosen elegant, colorful, to everyone's joy and surprise. The spinning wheel was inherited, it was protected and kept.
To decorate the boards, the craftsmen used a peculiar technique - inlay, which is very rare in folk art. The figures were cut out of wood of a different breed and inserted into recesses corresponding in shape. These inserts, made of dark bog oak, stood out in relief against the light surface of the bottom. Having wood of two shades and using the simplest tool, craftsmen turned the bottom into a work of art.
AT further master began to apply more and tint Donets. Bright combination yellow background with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, red colors made it elegant and colorful.
From the second half of the XIX century. the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay was replaced by tinted bracket carving, and then the pictorial style of decoration began to predominate.
The plots of the ancient Gorodets painting were images of birds, flowers, horse riders, young ladies and gentlemen, scenes from folk life.
Today, the traditions of the old masters are being revived and enriched by folk craftsmen working at the Gorodets painting factory of art products in the city of Gorodets. Among them are award winners. I.E. Repin. This is L.F. Bespalova, F.N. Kasatova, A.E. Konovalov, L.A. Kubatkina, T.M. Rukina, A.V. Sokolov.

Secrets of Gorodets masters

Tools and materials. For painting, it is desirable to have three brushes: squirrel art (No. 2 or No. 3), kolinsky art (No. 1 or No. 2) and flute (No. 2 or No. 3). A flute is a flat, soft hair brush used for underpainting and framing.
Nowadays, Gorodets artists paint products with oil and tempera paints. It is better for schoolchildren to use gouache for this, since Gorodets painting is multi-layered, and gouache paints dry quickly and can be applied one on top of the other. You need to learn how to draw on thick white paper.
It is best to have a gouache set of 12 colors, of which eight are required: black, white, scarlet, kraplak red (cherry), cobalt blue light (bright blue), yellow, chromium oxide and iron oxide red. Another paint is also needed - cinnabar (bright red), but it is not included in the set.
To obtain color scheme Gorodets painting, it is necessary to mix paints. In addition to those that are in the gouache set, you need to get four new colors: light blue, light pink, light ocher and green Gorodets (Fig. 1).
To get light blue, white paint(zinc white) add a little cobalt blue light (bright blue paint). Light pink is obtained by mixing white paint with cinnabar or white with scarlet. For light ocher, they take light yellow and a little red iron oxide. Gorodets green paint is obtained by mixing yellow gouache, chromium oxide (dark green paint) and red iron oxide. The result should be a warm green marsh shade of paint. All received paints should be creamy.
To mix new paints, clean gouache jars are taken. So that the paints do not dry out, it is necessary to add a little water to them as necessary.

Elements, plots and techniques of Gorodets painting.

At the beginning of training, it is very important to learn how to hold the brush correctly. It must be in a strictly vertical position relative to the work (Fig. 2). The elbow is fixed, and the hand is completely free to perform inseparable plastic strokes, both on smooth planes and on spherical or cylindrical surfaces. In the process of work, you can lean on the protruding little finger, lightly touching the product with it.

Ornament occupies a significant place in wood painting.

Ornament - This is a pictorial, graphic or sculptural decoration from a combination of geometric, plant or animal elements.

The main elements of the Gorodets painting are circles, brackets, dots, drops, arcs, strokes, spirals.

It is important to understand the difference between the concepts of "pattern" and "ornament".

Pattern - this is a drawing that is a combination of lines, colors, shadows (Fig. 4). They, brought into a certain system, rhythmically ordered, will form an ornament (Fig. 5). When mastering painting of the pictorial type, which Gorodetskaya also belongs to, we must remember that it is performed without first drawing the contour of the drawing.

Gorodets painting is carried out in three stages (Fig. 6).

First - underpainting , i.e. circular motion with a brush, applying one color spot. Underpainting is done with a wide flat brush - flute or squirrel No. 3. The main thing is to learn how to take the right amount of paint on the brush. If there is not enough paint, then the underpainting will turn out to be pale, inexpressive; If there is too much, then the paint will peel off when it dries.
The second stage - shade (or shade), i.e. applying a bracket. To correctly draw a bracket, at first you just need to lightly touch the paper with the tip of the brush and draw a thin line; to the middle, press the brush hard, and complete the bracket again with a thin line. Make sure that the brush is perpendicular to the sheet of paper.

The third stage - revival (or livery), i.e. fine cutting of ornamental forms with whitewash. Animations are always applied to monochrome silhouettes, which gives them some volume.
Mastering Gorodets painting begins with writing flowers, which are depicted mainly in a circle.

Gorodets flowers are diverse

in color and shape.

Flowers in Gorodets painting are a symbol of health and prosperity.

Buds ( rice. 7) - a variety of Gorodets flowers. First, the main color spot (underpainting) is applied in a circular motion with a brush. Then they proceed to the detailed development of the ornament (shadow). Perform it in black, burgundy or kraplak red. The development of the bud movement with a brush, applying one color spot. The shape of the bud depends on how the brackets are located.

It can have one or more brackets. If there are a lot of brackets, you need to start drawing with the smallest one, gradually increasing them in size and bringing them closer to the edge of the underpainting. It must be remembered that the buds are always small in size. At the end, revival is applied with whitewash.

Kupavka (Fig. 8) - the most common flower in the Gorodets ornament. Her underpainting is larger in size than that of the bud. They begin to paint with a small circle along its edge, then make a bracket inside the circle. Brackets are drawn along the edge of the underpainting, the shape is the same as the bracket inside the underpainting, only smaller. Brackets along its edge are drawn, starting from the center, gradually reducing them in size to the core. The final stage of painting - animation is usually done with whitewash. Applying animation requires very careful and precise execution, so it must be done with a confident stroke of a thin brush.Rosan (Fig. 9) reflects the main features of the flower, i.e. has petals and a pronounced center. Silhouette in the form of a circle. The size may be larger than the bathing suit. The center of the flower is drawn in the middle. Rosan in the painting of Gorodets is surrounded by brackets - petals of the same size, the color of which matches the color of the middle. The technique of painting the brackets is the same as that of the kupavka.
Variants of development with animation are so diverse that it is difficult to name even the most common ones. Gorodets artists use dots, brackets, drops, spirals.
Chamomile (Fig. 10) the flower is not complicated in terms of technique. Lightly touch the surface of the paper with the tip of the brush, leaving a thin mark on it. Then, without looking up from the paper, quickly attach and lift the brush. The result is a smear-drop - thin at the beginning and wide at the end. Like a rose, it has a core, only drop petals are drawn around it.
Rose (Fig. 11) the most complex flower. The painting begins with an underpainting - the main volume of a flower-circle, a central rounded petal is added to it below, smaller petals are placed in a circle around it to the very core, which occupies the center of the upper part of the flower.

After the silhouette of the flower is created, they begin to develop it: the elements of the central part are limited by a large bracket and turned to the core. The bracket arc and the core in the upper part of the flower are drawn in black, burgundy and red kraplak. The edges of the petals can be circled with the same paint as the core.
The most difficult thing in a rose is the animation. Inside the bracket arc, first draw a small bracket with a linear cut. Then, two to four drops are drawn on both sides of the arc, depending on free space inside the arc. Small brackets are drawn outside the arc. Inside the bracket arc, you can draw dots-stamens.

Gorodets leaves (Fig. 12) are very diverse in shape, size and color. They are almost always arranged in groups of five, three or two leaves.

A simple Gorodets leaf is depicted as a pumpkin seed. A more complex one is written like this: draw a smooth arc with a brush and connect it with a curved line, making sure that the sheet remains wide at one end. The leaves are always wide, rounded and splayed.
Leaves are depicted in two stages: with underpainting and animation. If the underpainting is done with Gorodets green paint, then the revival is done with black paint, if with Gorodets dark green paint, then white is added to the revival of black color.

gorodets bird (Fig. 13) is a symbol of family happiness. Birds are depicted in various options: this is a proud peacock, and a frowning turkey, and a cocky rooster, and a fabulous bird. They begin to write them with a smooth line depicting the curve of the neck and chest, then they draw a line that defines the shape of the head and back, then they define the line of the wing, the filiform beak and legs. Most often, the body is made in black, the wing is painted over with Gorodets green paint. The tail is written in different ways, for example, it is limited on both sides by lines that define its silhouette and painted over. This is best done in scarlet. In another case, each tail feather is drawn in two colors. The development of birds begins with the head and ends with the tail. Animations are made with whitewash, applying thin strokes.

Gorodetsky horse (Fig. 14) - a symbol of wealth. It is mostly black in color, with a small head on a steeply arched neck and a neatly combed mane. Masters depict him in several ways. Some free fly strokes write the outline of the entire figure and only then paint over it. Others build the figure of a horse with color spots, starting with the largest vertical element- chest and neck. The outlines of the harness and saddle, the back and abdominal parts of the body are added to them. The plane bounded by the harness and saddle lines remains light in this variant. Most often, the saddle and harness are made in scarlet, and the details of the head and legs of the tail are made in white.

Composition in Gorodets painting

All works of art are created according to the laws of composition, non-observance or ignorance of which can lead to a violation of harmony. Composition (from Latin compositio - arrangement, composition, connection) - construction artwork, the ratio of its individual parts (components), forming a single whole.
For the composition of works of arts and crafts, the main thing is the unity of content and form. Another, already specific feature is the conformity of the form of the work decorative arts its specific purpose.
To a large extent, the nature of the composition is determined by the rhythm. Rhythm is a uniform alternation of elements of a drawing, contributing to the achievement of clarity and expressiveness of the composition.
A rhythmically organized drawing easily turns into an ornament - the basis of the composition. But an ornament is not only a repeated repetition of similar elements of a pattern. Highly importance acquires a beautiful and clear drawing of the details of the overall silhouette.
The artist's work on a new work begins with the choice of a theme according to the purpose of the product. A well-thought-out compositional scheme is the basis for creating a work of art. You need to start with a sketch of a compositional scheme in full size. It is not recommended to draw a quarter or half of the product. When developing a decor, it is necessary to determine which part of the product will carry the main ornamental and color load.
When studying Gorodets painting, work on the topic

"Composition" is carried out in three stages.

I. The study of compositional techniques in Gorodets painting.
II. Development of a sketch of the future product.
III. Making a full size sketch.
The study of compositional techniques in Gorodets painting. characteristic feature in the plot compositions of the spinning bottoms is the image of a horse and a rider. A galloping horse with a proudly raised head was usually placed in the center of the composition.
The image of a rider in folk art is familiar to icon painters (George the Victorious, Dmitry Solunsky, and others). On carved bottoms kept in museums, most often a composition depicting two riders on rearing horses is presented. Riders are located on both sides of a flower tree, from the top of which a swan takes off. On the lower halves of the donets, the craftsmen usually depicted genre scenes of festivities of gentlemen with ladies, hunting scenes, etc. In the 60s. 19th century the same compositions were used in the painted bottoms. To late XIX in. folk masters began to paint genre pictures, scenes of festivities. Later, the leading storyline of the donets, which were part of the dowry, was the illustration of wedding ceremonies: the bride riding in the carriage, the bride, the meeting of the groom.
The brothers Lazar and Anton Melnikov were the first to write on the bottoms of cupavki and buds, brightly colored birds and cockerels. They also developed the poses of horses and riders: the horse was certainly drawn with long legs, and hind leg he must be crocheted. In Melnikov style, horses continue to be painted by modern masters.

By the end of the XIX century. a characteristic form of a floral ornament with certain elements has developed: these are buds, roses and a cupavka flower, which are endlessly repeated in various versions. In the center of the compositional plane, the artists place the main image: a bird, a horse, a person, a group of people or a plant motif.

Folk masters write faces in the same manner - in the form of a white circle, on which their features are indicated with thin black lines. Hairstyles for both men and women are distinguished by great sophistication, but only black is used in their coloring. In the image of the figures themselves, a planar color solution, in which the main large spots (skirts, jackets, jackets, trousers) are painted without a contour, in the form of a monochromatic colorful silhouette. The favorite decorative motif in the art of the Gorodets masters is bright flowers and decorative green leaves, which give the painting a special charm.

The traditions of narrative Gorodets painting are preserved and continue to be developed at the Gorodets painting factory. Modern artists paint more than 50 items: decorative panels, chests, caskets, kitchen cabinets, shelves, cutting boards, bread bins, salt shakers, sets of coasters, as well as toys, children's furniture.

2. After the location of the ornament is found, we select the main compositional center, the proportional ratio of the parts is decided, it is necessary to find the color scheme of the composition. Often children, seeing the multi-colored Gorodets painting, think that they can use the entire set of colors. But, having examined their sketches and remembering the laws of color science, they come to the conclusion that the layout of local color spots obeys only one thing - the general gamut.

3. Having composed the composition and choosing the color, you can proceed to the detailed drawing of the ornament. The development of the composition of the product ends with the design of the frame. Gorodets craftsmen pay great attention to this, as the frame adorns any product. It is performed both in one color (usually scarlet), and in several.

Making a full size sketch.

Before processing wood for painting, it is necessary to familiarize students with its basic properties.
Wood is an excellent ornamental material for creating arts and crafts products.
Linden, aspen, alder wood is widely used for painting. Linden is considered the best of them for painting. It absorbs moisture and therefore tints well. aqueous solutions and paints.
Aspen wood is characterized by softness, texture uniformity, whiteness and purity. One of its important properties is light resistance: it does not turn yellow for a long time if it is indoors. Alder wood is soft, light, cuts well, warps little, and is easily pickled and polished.
An important characteristic of wood is color. Any wood of a freshly cut tree, as a rule, has a uniform color throughout the cut. But over time, the wood becomes darker. This must be taken into account in the work. For example, an alder that is slightly tinted with yellow paint will still have a reddish tint to the background. And if this circumstance is not taken into account, then the arrangement of colors in the ornament will not be in harmony with the general tone of the background, which always has a warm tint.
In painting lessons, most often you have to deal with plywood, so its properties should be described in more detail.
Mostly plywood is used, consisting of three, five and seven sheets. Plywood layers are glued together with waterproof glue. Their number is always odd, so plywood does not warp. The layers of plywood are laid in such a way that the direction of the fibers in the layers being glued mutually intersect at a right angle. This gives plywood a special rigidity and strength.
Immediately before painting, the selected workpiece should be processed. It is polished with sandpaper (along the length of the fiber), and then coated with starch paste. After it dries, the workpiece must again be processed with a sandpaper.
The painting on the product is carried out in a strictly defined sequence: first, the central part of the composition is painted, and then floral ornament. After all the underpaintings are done, they should be shaded with dark colors. The painting is finished with animations made in white and yellow paints.
If the sketch provides for the implementation of the background, then the surface of the product must be tinted with the required color. Most often, the following colors are used for the background: light and dark ocher, cinnabar and scarlet, less often black. The color scheme for products made with a background is completely different than for products made without it.
If the background is made of light and dark ocher, the color scheme of the composition should be brighter, and vice versa, if cinnabar or scarlet color was used for the background, then the muted color scheme is chosen. On a black background, white or yellow. For the background, it is best to use brushes No. 5 - 8 so that the paint lays down in a more even layer.
After the painting is finished, it is varnished. Before this, it is necessary to familiarize students with the types of varnishes, general rules varnishing. Apply each next layer of varnish only after the previous one has dried. The more layers of varnish, the longer it takes to dry between each coat. After each coating, the surface of the product is treated with a fine-grained sandpaper. Such an alternation of operations is necessary for better bonding of varnish layers and obtaining mirror surface. A swab for varnishing products is prepared from a flap of any fabric, except for fleecy.
To consolidate the material covered, broaden one's horizons and cultivate artistic taste, as well as in search of plots, it is necessary, if possible, to organize excursions to museums and exhibition halls.

Literature:
Baryshnikov A.A. Fundamentals of composition. M., 1951.
Boguslavskaya I.Ya. Good hands craftsmanship. Leningrad, 1976.
Borodulin V.A. Artistic processing of wood. M., 1986.

Gorodets painting, which comes from the Volga villages, originates in the middle of the 19th century. At that time, woodworking crafts were actively developing in Russian villages, surrounded by wide forests. Currently, the elements of Gorodets painting are being studied, starting from preschool institutions in arts and crafts classes.

Technology specifics

In Old Gorodets, from where this painting takes its name, there was a main sale of wooden household items painted in a special style created by the then artisans.

Initially, painting was used to decorate spinning donets. The fact is that the Gorodets spinning wheels themselves consisted of several parts, the bottom itself served to secure the spear with a comb. They sat on the bottom during work, then the spinning wheel was disassembled, it was hung on the wall. So there was a need to decorate the boards, turning them into pictures for a while. His design solution, Trans-Volga craftsmen attracted many residents to purchase such a product, which gave the development of Gorodets painting as a folk craft.

On the bottoms depicted frozen storylines. Everyday, idle or other events in the life of peasants and merchants. Ladies and gentlemen in magnificent dresses walked at fairs, drank tea, sitting at round table, the background was not detailed, only protected by columns, flower arrangements, the drawing could not be divided into tiers, framed by simple lines.

Gorodets painting is characterized by black horses, cats, capercaillie birds, peacocks, as well as flower arrangements.

The painting was applied directly to wooden surface tempera paints, on egg yolk. Sometimes red and yellow paints could be used for the background for the ground. The color scheme has saturated, as well as diluted shades of red, yellow, black. In more later works appears green and blue.

Drawing technique

The main elements of Gorodets painting have changed only slightly over time. The style and principles of her drawing are studied in the practice of drawing on wood for preschoolers. On the entry level practices drawing floral ornaments recognizable among different types arts. The motifs used schematically depict symmetrical buds of roses, rosans, daisies and cupavkas, and have their own characteristic features. There are quite simple schemes by which you can learn to draw in the style of Gorodets painting.

Drawing takes place in stages and requires the use of paints that dry and do not mix with the previous application, for example, gouache. flower arrangements may form garlands, rhombuses, or frames.

1. "Fairy lights";

1. "Rhombuses";

1. "Frames" are usually used to frame the main picture.

So, for starters, a pencil sketch is applied, which determines the positions of the main elements of the painting.

It is not necessary to detail the drawing, since the first thing drawing with paints begins with the so-called painting, applying only spots, circles for buds and leaf outlines with basic, slightly diluted flowers. For example, as shown in the photo below. The first step in creating bouquets.

With the second layer we apply more dark shade arcs for shading, that is, undiluted, saturated colors or darkened. Drawing defines the contours of the buds.

And last step is the application of white paint to create a colorful picture. In drawing animals, white strokes have a final meaning in painting wool and plumage. This process is not without reason called "revival".

These are the simplest basics for drawing Gorodets painting, used in arts and crafts classes for children at preschool and school age.

Birds and animals are drawn the same step by step, cockerels and pheasants are drawn quite simply and schematically.

Horses are depicted in black paint or ocher, in the Gorodets style they are also dressed up in reins and saddles, have an elegant frame and lush manes.

Application in life

Of course, unlike the old works, a new step in the development of painting occurred due to the emergence of new colors and technologies. The technique of craftsmanship in the modern interpretation of creativity is much brighter and more elegant and is mainly used for souvenir and decorative purposes, as well as for the development of artistic skills. Nowadays, new images in the form of butterflies and insects are added by the imagination of artists, and even drawings of wonderful unicorns are allowed.

Gorodets is a small city in Nizhny Novgorod region. It was there almost 2 centuries ago that traditional art was born, which is now commonly called "Gorodets painting". First image samples this type found on old spinning wheels, and later began to be found on furniture elements, doors, shutters. These bright pictures are somewhat reminiscent of the famous Khokhloma painting, but at the same time they have their own specifics and are a little easier to execute, because. drawing is applied directly to wooden base. Let's study the elements for creating a beautiful Gorodets painting.

The drawing is done in bright, saturated colors using black and white strokes. Traditional images in the style of Gorodets painting are floral motifs, genre scenes and even images of various animals (horses, leopards, roosters). Typically, image types are divided into three groups, we will consider each of them in more detail.

We study the main elements of Gorodets painting for needlewomen

This type of images is used most often, because. he is the easiest to do. by the most simple option we will be an image of only one large flower, written out in large strokes. Round objects, for example, elements of dishes, are often decorated as follows: on the sides of the product, a floral ornament is depicted, and on the lid - a pattern of buds. To decorate rectangular objects (for example, bread bins), a floral ornament can be inscribed in a diamond shape.

Consider the main elements of the floral type of painting.

This type of ornament is a symmetrical image of buds. Usually used to decorate round objects, such as the lids of some dishes or wooden planks.

An elongated "subspecies" of the bouquet. One is depicted in the center large flower, and from it to different sides smaller buds and leaves diverge. It can be used when painting wooden boards, furniture for children, boxes.

At its core, it is a "bouquet", but not round, but diamond-shaped. This element of Gorodets painting can often be found on shutters, cabinet doors or other rectangular objects. The photo shows a kitchen board with a similar pattern.

One of the oldest types of patterns in the style of Gorodets painting, this is how spinning wheels were painted in the 19th century. As the name implies, it is a dense strip of flowers. different size, which alternate symmetrically, and small leaves. Now this type of painting is used when painting round volumetric products, for example, caskets. It seems that Gorodets painting is replete with an incredible amount of flowers. However, if you look closely, you can identify several repeating elements. Among the most popular is rosan.

As the name implies, it is a "flower strip" closed in a ring.

Apart from flower drawings in Gorodets painting, images of animals are also often found.

Elements of this type for Gorodets painting can often be found on kitchen boards, however, they can also be found on furniture, and even on smaller objects, such as wooden spoons. Often the drawings are paired and are depicted symmetrically on both sides of the conditional central line of the product. At the same time, both sides may not necessarily be exactly the same; complementary drawings (black and white horse, cockerel and hen) are also common options. Sometimes there are sets of three elements, where the two extreme ones are symmetrical, and the central one does not have a pair.

Horses and birds are depicted in the middle of trees or surrounded by lush ornaments. It is believed that such motives have a certain meaning. For example, a rooster or a horse is considered a symbol of the sun, good luck, and prosperity. The paired image of a rooster and a hen is a guarantee family well-being, wishing happiness and many children.

The most difficult to draw. These pictures depict scenes from village life - harvesting, dating, dancing. Also often there are illustrations for various fairy tales.

Of course, the image of each figure has its own hidden meaning. The young man on horseback is the groom. The beautiful girl standing near the birch is the bride. The image of feasts is very popular, and the table filled with food is written out no less carefully than the characters. This is a wish for wealth and prosperity.

Gorodets painting is great for classes with children of all ages. For preschoolers, simple ones are more suitable. floral patterns, which are drawn in large strokes, and with older guys, you can already try more complex images.

Video on the topic of the article

For more clarity, we suggest watching the following videos, which demonstrate the implementation of Gorodets painting in stages.

Nadezhda Kovalchuk

Hello, dear friends and guests of your favorite site!

Gorodets painting- this is one of the traditional decorative crafts and is among the highest achievements of Russian folk art.

Oh Russia, you are Russia

Glory has not diminished

You are a city, you are a city

She became famous all over the world.

Today I bring to your attention a master class "Samples of step-by-step execution of painting flowers from Gorodets patterns"

Description: the master class will be of interest to older preschoolers, educators and parents. Children 6-7 years old will be able to do the work with the help of adults, and older children - on their own.

Purpose: master step by step drawing Gorodets flowers to compose a composition of Gorodets painting to decorate dishes or make a bouquet.

Target: teach children, teachers and parents phased implementation painting of Gorodets flowers.

Tasks:

To consolidate the three main stages in drawing 5 types of Gorodets flowers: bud, cupavka, rosan, chamomile and rose;

Develop a sense of composition and color;

Cultivate interest and respect for folk art Gorodets masters.

Materials: thin and thick brushes, gouache paints - red and pink, blue and light blue, orange, black and white, whole sheets and halves of A3 paper.

Flowers are an indispensable part of any Gorodets work.

Gorodets painting is symbolic. Flowers in it are a symbol of health and prosperity in business.

Flowers of Gorodets painting:

Bud

Chamomile

Rosan

Kupavka

Rose

Gorodets craftsmen love color and shade, and therefore they use red (cherry) and pink paint, blue and cyan, as well as brown, black and white for animation.

The execution of flowers in the technique of Gorodets painting is divided into three stages.

I stage of painting - Underpainting- This is a colored circle that will serve as the basis of any Gorodets flower.

II stage of painting - Tenevka- pointing petals. When we have drawn circles of different colors we need (underpainting), we give the gouache time to dry. Then we begin to draw the petals, depending on the flowers that we want to depict. On a pink underpainting, the petals can be drawn in red, on blue - in blue. In general, the guidance of the petals is always done with a darker contrasting paint.

III stage of painting - Animation- decorating flowers with dots and strokes white color. The pattern is animated. It is carried out with the thinnest brush. To do this, we need art brushes No. 2 or No. 3, as well as white gouache.

Rosan. Step by step drawing.

1. Draw circles on a sheet of paper with a simple pencil.

2. Using a thick brush, draw and paint over an orange circle.

3. Draw a small red circle in the middle of the orange circle.

4. Above and below the large circle, draw a petal.

5. We continue to draw rounded petals along the edge of the circle.

6. Making animation. Carefully dip the tip of the brush in white gouache and decorate the rose with dots. First of all, we put white dot in the center of the circle, and then around the circle.

Gorodets rose. Step by step drawing.

1. Draw the middle (bud) and petals with a simple pencil.

2. Paint over the middle and rose petals with red.

3. With black paint, add a circle, an arc on top, circle the rose petals with black paint with a thin brush. We begin to direct the arc at first only lightly touching the paper with the tip of the brush, then we make a strong pressure on the brush (the brush leaves a wide smooth mark) and complete the arc again with a thin line.

4-5. Rose revive: dots, petals.

Kupavka. Step by step drawing.

3. At the top of the large pink circle is a small red circle, then draw an arc, and below, in the center, a red petal.

4. Draw red rounded petals to the top with a decrease.

5. Animation of the cup: a dot in the center of a small circle, an arc and petals, dots in the red petals.

Chamomile. Step by step drawing.

1. Draw circles with a simple pencil.

2. Draw and paint over the circle with pink paint.

3. In the center of the pink circle is a small red circle.

4. We draw symmetrically one petal at the top and bottom (the method of sticking.

5. Add petals.

6. Animation with white paint: dot in the center of the chamomile, dots in a circle, white petals between red ones.

Bud. Sample step by step drawing

1. Draw a small circle with blue paint.

2. Add a small blue circle at the top.

3. With a thin brush, draw a blue arc in the form of a month.

4. Draw white arcs - below and above.

5. Draw a blue arc in the middle of the bud.

6. Variants of a bud with a mesh.

Thank you for your attention!

Related publications:

The New Year is just around the corner and we all think about what kind of presents our preschoolers can make for their relatives. I want your attention.

Master class for parents of older preschoolers "Kaleidoscope of fun games with images of animals" Master class for parents of older preschoolers Topic: “Kaleidoscope fun games with images of animals ” Purpose: to acquaint parents.

Master class: "Enrichment of the active vocabulary of older preschoolers through the use of word games."

Now there is more and more diversity in creativity. So I decided to try to color the stones with the children. Stones are natural.