It is believed that wicker weaving is one of the oldest crafts that preceded pottery.
Our ancestors mastered the skills of weaving, perhaps even before they learned to hunt and fish.
The easiest way was to twist the branches and leaves of plants at hand to get a container for collecting roots, berries and mushrooms. Later, by coating the wickerwork with clay and burning them on fires, they received a clay promise. In many old paintings you can see a lot of wickerwork: baskets and vases, cradles and swings, suitcases, furniture, toys and much more. In any local history museum there are exhibits reflecting local features the use of vines, reeds, bast and other natural materials.
Now basket weaving is a species arts and crafts which almost anyone can master. Vine products are not essential, but they are in almost every scrap, are used in everyday life and bring practical benefits. It is difficult to imagine a mushroom picker without a basket, but wicker furniture has always been the chic of a lacy setting.
A nice feature of this art form is its accessibility. Material for weaving can be found very easily. On the territory of Russia there are more than 150 species of various willows. True, not all of them are suitable for weaving, but you can always find suitable material. Willows can be divided into two groups: trees and shrubs. Willow shrubs are more common, they grow along the banks of rivers, lakes, in wetlands, in parks. It is very convenient to harvest material on the territory under high voltage lines and near railways, since the din is constantly carrying out planned pruning of trees and shrubs. A year after pruning, the best rod suitable for weaving grows on stumps. We offer you to get some practical lessons, which, perhaps, will open up new opportunities for you and allow you to spend your time usefully.
Rod and its blank for weaving
Used for weaving various materials. Most often it is a willow vine, but sometimes to the main material for creating decorative elements add others. In addition to willow twigs, stalks of reeds, rush, cattail, linden bast, rattan, hazel and turf, as well as willow bark removed from twigs, which will later be used for hoops, are used for weaving.
There are several terms for harvesting vines. In the autumn-winter period, the material is harvested after the leaves fall, from late October to April. The rod harvested within these periods reaches the required ripeness and uniform woodiness, the wood of such a rod is still elastic, but already elastic and strong, which means that its bark is suitable for weaving. Boiling is necessary to remove the bark. The term of spring-summer harvesting is from May to August.
This is the time of sap flow and vegetation. A rod cut during such a period is easily cleaned of bark without additional processing, but the wood does not yet reach sufficient maturity at this time, and the rod often breaks. When harvesting a vine, it is always worth checking its quality. To do this, take one rod from the bush and bend the butt 90 ° through a large fire (photo 1) or wind the rod on the pale, starting from the top (photo 2).
If the rod does not break, you can trim. It is produced with a garden knife or pruner at an angle of 45 degrees, four buds must be left to the base of the rod.
Tools and fixtures needed for weaving from a vine
The set of tools is simple, and is sure to be found in every household.
1. Awl. For the manufacture of wickerwork, a set of awls of various diameters is used. An awl is necessary when weaving bends, installing handles; it is impossible to do without it when decorating the edges of a wickerwork. At the awl, the point is blunted so as not to injure oneself during work.
2. Knife. When weaving a bowl, use a garden knife. They cut off the ends of sticks and rods, cut knots, plan.
Z. Secateurs. The main tool for working with a vine and for harvesting material. It is better to use two tools: one for collecting material, the other for working while weaving. This will save tool life and allow you to make neat cuts when working with a vine.
4. wire cutters. They cut off the protruding ends of the rods in the finished product.
5. Beater(izer, beat). A metal or wooden mallet is used when weaving large products to seal the walls. An uncleaned rod dries out over time and weakens the entire structure of the product. To prevent this from happening, you should periodically knock out the already woven part and make sure that the density is uniform.
6. Pliers used for pulling rods hard-to-reach places and removal of broken, already braided rods.
7. round nose pliers necessary for bending the rod, especially in weaving the bottom and bends.
8. Templates allow you to evenly and accurately weave the walls, adjust the increase and decrease in the diameter of the wicker product.
Types and methods of weaving from a vine
Usually weaving is done from left to right. The working rod is almost always left. There are several types of weaving. The most common are the following types.
simple weaving
In this weaving, one rod is used. The risers alternately go around: one - behind, the other - in front (photo 3). Gak continue to the end of the rod. The next rod is joined with the previous butt to the tip, simply by attaching one to the other at the riser inside the weave. When joining the thin ends, they weave both the old and the new at the same time between three risers (photo 4). Simple loop weaving requires an odd number of risers. In this case, on one circle the riser will be braided from the outside, and on the next - from the inside. Simple weaving is convenient for braiding bottles, vases. In this way, semicircular, angular and rectangular bottoms are made.
Rope in two rods
Weaving is carried out alternately with two rods at once. With this method, the rods not only braid the risers, but also intertwine with each other, forming a "figure eight" and increasing the reliability of the product (photo 5). The first braiding rod, let's call it A, is placed from the inside to the first riser, the second riser is bent around from the outside, the third from the inside. Rod A is brought out between the third and fourth risers (photo 6). The second rod B is placed to the adjacent, second riser from the inside. The butt of rod B should be located below rod A. They bend around with a rod B the third riser from the outside, the fourth from the inside and lead out between the fourth and fifth risers (photo 7).
Thus, the left and right rods of the rope are obtained. Continue to weave with the left rod, braiding it to the right in one step. Weave like this until the end of the circle or until the end of the rods, depending on what ends first (photo 8).
Rope in three rods
Such weaving is used to increase the strength of the product, as well as to make the transition from the horizontal base to the vertical sides of the product.
To perform weaving, rod A is laid behind the first riser, then the second and third risers are bent around them from the outside, and the fourth from the inside (photo 9). The end of the rod is brought out. For the next riser on the right, a rod B is inserted under the rod A (photo 10), in the same way they go around two risers from the outside and one from the inside, then the rod is brought out. The third rod C is treated in the same way as with rods A and B. As a result, three working rods are obtained (photo 11).
They start weaving with the left rod, then repeat the same manipulations with the other two: two racks - from the outside, one - from the inside, the rod - out. So weave to the end of the first row (photo 12).
The transition to the second row should be smooth. To do this, instead of the left rod, take the right one. They go around two risers from the outside and one from the inside, the rod is taken out (photo 13). Then they work with the middle rod, then the left one. Three protruding rods are formed, which will turn out to be the beginning of a new row (photo 14).
Layered weaving
Such weaving is performed with several rods through one rack (photo 15). To weave one layer, you will need a number of rods equal to the number of risers. It is necessary to take rods of the same length and thickness. Weaving begins with the butt end of the rod, which is inserted between the risers. They braid the second riser from the outside; the third is from within; the fourth is outside; the fifth - from the inside, etc. This weaving resembles a simple one, however, you need to direct the rod up diagonally at an angle of 10-15 degrees. The greater the slope and the number of rods, the higher the layer of weaving. Each new rod is inserted to the left of the previous one and woven between the next risers, alternating weaving from the outside and from the inside (photo 16). Thus, the product is woven around the entire perimeter.
Braid as many rods as there are risers in the product (photo 17). The last rod is slipped under the first and laid between the second and third risers. Then weave between the risers. If necessary, layered weaving can be performed not with one rod, but with two or three (photo 18).
There are many ways to weave, but they are all derivatives of the basic techniques that were discussed above. Try it and you will surely like it. And when you see the creations of your own hands, they will cheer you up and give you self-confidence.
Title: "Mushrooms with a basket"
Goals: to introduce students to traditional nature management - the use of natural material - vines for crafts - baskets to go mushroom picking in the fall.
Age of children involved: 5-10 grades.
Required for work: desire, vine, awl, pruner, template.
Good afternoon! Guess what the riddle is about:
She is comfortable and light
Her name is short
In the economy serves us for centuries,
There is in this word the name ZINA.
With it you can walk on mushrooms,
Can you pick berries?
It's not hard to wear
And very easy to break!
From rods, they weave their bast,
Correctly- basket. We will learn to weave it. Yes, and get acquainted with the Cossack craft - basket weaving.
Step by step process.
1 step- Conduct a briefing on the safety of work when harvesting vines, when working with an awl, secateurs, and about your workplace.
2 step- Prepare the necessary tools.
3 step- Go to the forest, prepare a long vine - a little thicker and thin flexible (150 pieces), even different colors are possible.
4 step- Use raw vine. Let's start by designing the bottom of an oval basket in the future - for this we will make a cross from the intersection of seven rods parallel to each other with three.
5 step- Now braid all 20 twigs with a vine, starting from the thin end, cutting the twigs obliquely into the basket
6 step- Continue weaving for about 20 rows.
7 step- At the end of the work, cut off the rods of the cross - the basis for the bottom.
8 step- Insert the ribs of the walls of the basket into the bottom between the woven rows of vines, later bringing them together at the top through an oval-shaped template.
Now build the walls of the basket to the required height using a multi-colored vine. Now start weaving from the thick end of the vine
step 9- Lead the rods-ribs along the top inside the walls one after the other.
10 step-- Having selected 9 handles, pass them through the upper rows and fasten inward.
11 step- You can weave a variety of baskets to go mushroom picking.
Thank you for participating in the master class.
A full basket of mushrooms for you!!!
Weaving is a craft known since ancient times. Weaving from a vine arose much earlier than woodworking. All that is needed for this process is given by nature itself. At the beginning of the 20th century, mainly baskets and other fishing gear were woven.
Branches of many trees can be used for weaving, but willow is especially popular.
Weaving from a vine for beginners: how to harvest a vine
The willow phenomenon is that it grows on almost all continents. There should be no problems with the availability of material. First of all, beginners need choose the right rods for weaving. Important to remember:
- Willow rods are best harvested from November to February;
- The rods should not be branched;
- The rods can be peeled and peeled.
Perhaps you have a question why you need to collect branches only in the cold period. This is explained by the fact that sap flow in the tree stops. It is important not to take branched rods for weaving. Otherwise, it will not be possible to weave with high quality, even if we are talking about a simple basket.
Take care of the health of the tree. Four to five kidneys should be left safe and sound. So that the tree can grow new branches. This is an important lesson for beginners to learn. Harvested rods from the vine must be dried. Remember that wood can lose color if you overdo it. After ten days, just place the butt from the rods in the water. You don't need to wet it completely.
Masters advise beginners to comprehend the art of weaving to collect material on their own. When you are fully up to date, you can use ready-made branches to save time on the actual weaving.
Vine weaving: step by step
It is important to prepare for long and painstaking work. If you want to learn how to weave from a vine, then perseverance is the main quality, which you will need in this art. It is much easier to adapt to such a hobby for people who have experience in similar activities. For example, knitting masters learn the basics of weaving much more easily, since there are a lot of similar elements in two, at first glance, different disciplines.
Accordingly, after harvesting the branches, you need to develop a plan. Let's say you are going to weave a basket. Thus, you need to immediately identify the goal and the time for which you will cope with this task. Don't take too much short time. Because of this, often the hobby turns into flour. Most likely, you will not meet the deadline, and psychologically weaving will no longer bring you pleasure. Watch a tutorial video to help you figure out how much time people spend on wickerwork on average.
But on the other hand - too much long terms . When you do not engage in a new hobby for a week, and then strive to catch up every ten days, do not expect results. A well-known rule is that it is better to do a little, but every day. Set realistic deadlines and tasks to make weaving fun.
On the eve of the first day, try to prepare a theoretical base. In our time in in large numbers instructional videos and other various lessons are available on the Internet.
How to weave a basket from a vine
The cart is basic work in weaving. Accordingly, this is a kind of measure of your skills. When you learn how to weave a basket, you can safely say that you have comprehended the basics in this art. To start you need to make a frame. Follow the following points:
- Take two rods of the same thickness and bend hoops from them (you can use a stump or a barrel as a template);
- Cut the ends of the rods and connect with wire;
- You should get a horizontal hoop, in which three components should be highlighted - a side, a bottom and a handle;
- Cut six rods half the size of the hoops in length;
- Fasten the pointed ends of the rods in the places where your hoops intersect.
This is the base that will help you make the fundamental frame for the future basket.
Basics of wicker basket weaving for beginners
To get started, in fact, on weaving, take end of one of six thin rods. Bend it inside the basket, then bring it out and soon inside again. Thus, the rod will go around all your risers from all sides. This method is the most reliable due to the fact that it allows you to firmly hold the branches together.
When the rod ends, then from the next thin rod it is worth making a continuation for your weaving. This moment in weaving is called splicing the rods. Be careful, because here the situation is always individual and does not accept actions according to a template. You need to trim it carefully so as not to spoil it. appearance future product. splicing place should not be conspicuous, so it is better if it is on the inside.
Weaving from a vine is not an easy task. First of all, you need to learn the fact that at first you will get very little. This is quite normal for such a complex art. You are unlikely to show your starting work to your friends, as it will not look perfect yet, but with each new craft, skill will undoubtedly grow. Patience and perseverance are the main forges of success in basket weaving.
Weaving from a vine is probably the oldest of the crafts. It appeared even before pottery and related, to a greater extent, to the everyday needs of a person. Houses, outbuildings, fences, cradles and toys for children, cart and sleigh bodies, boxes and kitchen utensils were built from tree branches. But ideal material, from which you can weave a basket, were willow rods. They are very flexible and great for this kind of creativity.
History of the craft
Willow weaving in Russia was commonplace. There was no peasant who could weave baskets. There were also masters - basket makers who were professionally engaged in weaving. They wove a wide variety of products: round and oval, rectangular and conical, with complex - simple weaving, large and small. In those days, baskets were simply indispensable. Women in them wore linen to rinse on the river, took food on the road, harvested, went for mushrooms and berries.
AT modern world wicker baskets are also popular. It is difficult to imagine a mushroom picker without a basket. Weeping willow branches contain tannins, thanks to which the mushrooms do not deteriorate longer, and the gaps between the rods help to ventilate the air.
If you have even the slightest idea and a little skill, then easy to learn to weave from willow. For beginners, step-by-step study and independent repetition of all stages of weaving products will bring a lot of positive emotions.
The choice of materials for weaving
The main advantage of basket weaving is accessibility. Supplies. Willow is a common unpretentious tree found in many regions of Russia. Usually craftsmen prepare raw materials on their own. Some grow willow on personal plot. And in single stores you can even buy materials ready for weaving.
Best for weaving wicker growing on sandy and loamy soil. Shoots are cut with a pruner or sharp knife, choosing the longest without branches. Cut at a slight angle, while leaving a few buds so as not to harm the plant.
Shoots with a wide and loose core are not suitable for weaving, it should be small size. Usually young shoots are used.
To check whether the plant is suitable for work, it is necessary to cut the branch and bend it 180 degrees in the butt - if it cracked, it does not fit (it means it will break during weaving), if not, then you can safely proceed to further processing.
Season for harvesting and processing rods
Willow weaving rods are being prepared all year round, but preferable in early spring and late autumn. Bark spring shoots removed very easily without additional processing. Rods harvested in another season need to be soaked or evaporated.
For soaking, the shoots are lowered into flowing waters- a river or stream, previously secured with a rope to the shore, so as not to be carried away by the current. It is possible in a trough or a barrel, but in this case a daily change of water is required. Tied bundles with shoots are immersed to the bottom, and a load is placed on top (stone or any other heavy object, except iron) and leave for 1-2 weeks.
To reduce processing times from weeks to hours instead of soaking rods are evaporated in any of two ways:
- The shoots are placed in a tank, rolled around the perimeter, filled with water and put on fire. After boiling, cook for 1-2 hours. Then they are taken out, allowed to cool and proceed to the removal of the bark.
- The vine is no longer flooded cold water, but with boiling water, bring to a boil and cook for 20-30 minutes. Take out, cool and remove the bark.
It is better to clean the rods raw, starting from the butt (root part). During cleaning, so that the material does not dry out, it is better to leave it in water and take it out in small bunches. After the willow is debarked, in order to finish the job, it must be laid out in the sun until it dries completely. For ease of use, the rods are sorted out and folded into bundles of the same size.
Barked rods are divided into two types - harvested in the spring and obtained by digestion. Boiled during operation become bright glossy look, easy to clean, getting better every time. Not boiled, on the contrary, darken over time, acquiring a nondescript look.
Weaving tools
Making a basket from willow is more difficult than from newspaper tubes, but the principle of operation is the same. Natural material is more brittle and less malleable. It is not so difficult to weave willow for beginners. By repeating all the steps step by step and assembling a set of tools, you can achieve good results. The work will need:
- secateurs;
- sharp knife;
- large scissors;
- dishes for soaking or boiling rods;
- pliers;
- clothespins;
- tweezers;
- Ruler and pencil;
- drill;
- jigsaw;
- stain and varnish water based;
- brushes.
These tools are useful not only in the manufacture of baskets, but also more massive products - such as a rocking chair, table, flowerpot, hedge, and so on.
Basket making method
To understand how to weave a willow basket for beginners, you first need to delve into and study the lessons, patterns and techniques for making them. After the preparation of tools and materials, when the rods are soaked or evaporated, debarked and dried, the most interesting stage begins - weaving. First of all, weave the bottom, then the sides, and lastly, the handle.
bottom formation
For correct weaving the bottom with your own hands, you need to prepare 8 twigs (knitting needles) of medium thickness (Fig. 1). They are divided in half - four are left untouched, and in the other four a gap is made in the middle of each (Fig. 2). Then rods are inserted into the slots in the form of a cross (Fig. 3). Further, two more thin rods are inserted into the same slots and the base is wrapped around in two rows (Fig. 4 and 5). Then the knitting needles are spread apart and wrapped around each individually (Fig. 6).
Each time the rod comes to an end, it must be increased by others. It is not necessary to increase both rods at once, it is better to do it one at a time. To do this, the end of the rod is sharpened and inserted into the hole between the last two rows, it is bent and weaving continues, and the end of the old rod is cut off.
Weaving continues with two more rows (Fig. 7). This is where the twisted weaving method ends and continues with the usual one - bypassing the knitting needle inside and out (Fig. 8). In this case, an odd number of knitting needles is needed; for this, an additional rod must be inserted into the weaving.
Wall manufacturing
Reaching desired diameter bottom, you finish the first stage, the next one comes - the transition to the walls. To do this, you will need willow shoots of medium diameter, which are called racks. Each of them must be pointed at the end and inserted between the knitting needles (Fig. 9). Old rods are cut with a knife at the base. Now they take one rack and wind it up behind the other two, after which they bend it up (Fig. 10). Do the same with all the other racks (Fig. 11). Racks are braided in several rows with a twist, then in the usual way (Fig. 12 and 13).
When the height of the basket has reached the desired size, you need to take one rack and bend it down, placing it behind the other two (Fig. 14). The same must be done with the following racks, removing the ends inward and sticking outward (Fig. 15). Then the protruding ends are cut with scissors at the base (Fig. 16).
Handle weaving
Remained final stage- make a pen. This will require thick shoot of willow which is cut to size. Point the ends and stick into opposite sides products (Fig. 17 and 18). Next, they take 4-5 rods and stick them into the weave at the end of the handle (Fig. 19). They are braided several times and threaded into weaving from the other end. Then they take a few more shoots and do the same (Fig. 20 and 21). Another rod is stuck nearby and braided around the handle at the base, tightening it with a knot (Fig. 22 and 23). The end is cut with a knife (Fig. 24). The basket is ready!
Over time, you can learn to braid pigtails and ropes in two or three rows with more complex weaving, for example, openwork. Sometimes, for the convenience of making wickerwork, wooden templates are made round or square shape which make the job much easier.
Products from a rod can serve decades, filling the house with a cosiness. They are appropriate not only in a village hut, but also in a city apartment. Ready to learn a new hobby and learn how to create masterpieces?
Vine weaving - ancient art, the oldest baskets date back to 6500 BC. Wicker products are mentioned in the cultural heritage of almost all corners of the planet. Baskets, trays, boxes and baskets are very diverse and beautiful, they literally attract the eye. Wicker things were so widely used that they were reflected even in the canvases of the most famous artists. Today, ancient wicker weaving techniques are back and added to the list of fashionable hobbies.
Cradle
From household utensils to designer items
The use of baskets and wicker furniture has greatly expanded the scope, these are no longer only country accessories, but full-fledged residents of modern city apartments. Now these things are used not only as household or utilitarian, but also as bright design accents. It should be noted that the preparation of vines for weaving does not cause any harm. environment, but on the contrary, rejuvenates willow thickets.
They are engaged in this craft with equal success both in the countryside and in big cities. An indisputable advantage is the absence of the need to buy raw materials for work, it is quite possible to procure it yourself. Willow thickets abound in almost all regions of our country. For those who love long walks in nature, harvesting will bring only pleasure.
How to prepare a vine for weaving
However, there is an opportunity to buy raw materials for this hobby, although this industry is only gaining momentum. You can weave not only from willow, but also from walnut twig, derain and other fairly flexible species of trees and shrubs. You should choose long and not very thick shoots, they should not branch.
Both unbarked (unpeeled from the bark) material and cleaned are used. Mostly household products are made from unbarked twigs: wattle fences, baskets for vegetables or mushrooms. More elegant, smaller things are made from debarked material. It can be all sorts of vases, biscuits, laundry boxes and a huge variety of other products.
You should not prepare a rod for weaving in the summer. At this time, it is often brittle due to rapid growth. To avoid disappointment, harvesting is carried out in spring or autumn. In winter, it is also quite possible to do this, but the work will be hampered by snowdrifts and frost. Rods cut in spring are cleaned of bark without pre-training, the autumn rod is first boiled, then cleaned. Processing is simple but takes time.
The process of weaving quickly captivates and tightens, natural material in the hands takes away the negative and bad mood. And a ready-made little thing, made with your own hands, will delight you with both grace and convenience.
How to start weaving
In order to try to make your first basket, you need to be patient. Natural material does not lend itself as quickly as before laying it in even rows, a considerable number of blanks will be broken. Few tools are needed, they are very easy to get, they are inexpensive. To get started you will need:
- awl;
- secateurs;
- stationery knife;
- side cutters;
- The spray bottle will help keep the rod moist as you work so it doesn't break.
Classical products begin to weave from the bottom, then the walls are woven out, the bend and the handle are made. Taking the first steps in this craft, it is advisable to start with a simple round basket.
Before making it, you need to familiarize yourself with just a few weaving techniques:
- weaving a round bottom;
- ropes;
- layered weaving for walls;
- product bending.
Weaving should be periodically crushed and tamped so that it does not turn out to be too loose as a result. It is necessary to ensure that the rods lie evenly and tightly, without overlapping each other.
Having mastered the basic techniques of wicker weaving, the craftswoman can move on to openwork or other more complex things. You can decorate baskets with various braids, weave other materials, such as straw, birch bark or wood beads.
The flight of creative thought in this matter is guaranteed! The finished product is varnished, preferably water-based. It is environmentally friendly and odorless, and the processed thing can then be successfully used in the kitchen or in the nursery.
Contemporary uses and examples of basketry
Weaving from a vine is a very flexible skill, its use is limited only by the imagination of the master. Fashionable landscape designers specially order vine sculptures to decorate the site. Wattles, which can be made independently, are in great demand. Elegant and comfortable rocking chairs deserve special attention.
The possession of this accessory already speaks of the status of the owner, of his achievements. You can come up with and make designer decorations and gifts for the holidays, for example, for the New Year.
A special place is occupied by cradles made of wicker. Natural, unprocessed material is perfect for children's rooms. Babies fall asleep really well and calmly in a wicker cradle.
Various shelving baskets will suit almost any interior, they are very convenient for storing small things that you have to keep at hand all the time.
Each hostess will find a lot of opportunities for using such products in her home. For a modern lady with imagination who knows how to weave from a vine, the issue of gifts to loved ones immediately becomes easier. It is unlikely that there will be such a thick-skinned person who does not appreciate a woven little thing specially for him, author's and so warm.
