The concept of "monoblock air conditioner" means an air conditioner that includes all the main elements (compressor, condenser, evaporator, throttling device) and auxiliary elements of the refrigeration circuit (automation system, four-way valve, fans, various filters, pipelines, etc.) , which are located in one building (block). Hence the corresponding name - monoblock. What air conditioners fall under this name? How are they different from the rest? What are their advantages and disadvantages? Let's try to figure it out.
Air conditioners with the general name "monoblock air conditioners" include two types: small capacity air conditioners for domestic use(mobile and monoblock); and great performance- industrial air conditioners (roof).
Roof air conditioners is a stationary structure. It is located on outdoors, has the ability to work on recirculated air or with admixture. Multifunctionality, multiple air filtration and large capacity are the main distinguishing features of rooftop air conditioners. Air is taken from the premises through air ducts, processed and also supplied to the premises through air ducts.
Household monobloc air conditioners:
Main distinguishing feature mobile air conditioners consists in the possibility of their use as a permanent or temporary device for indoor air preparation. Spent warm air(in the case of its operation in the cold), together with the condensate, it is discharged to the street through flexible air ducts, and the air conditioner itself has a movable structure on wheels and can, if necessary, be moved to any place in the room.
Household monoblock air conditioners are stationary structures that are mounted on the wall inside the room, which should go outside on the other side. Made in the wall through holes for air outlet to the street, as well as for the intake fresh air from the street. Similar Models have both positive and negative points.
- The positive ones include the fact that no additional equipment is located on the wall from the side of the street and appearance buildings are not disturbed. It is possible to operate the air conditioner with a mixture of fresh air, this is a huge plus, and this greatly distinguishes it from a conventional split system. Installation, repair and maintenance are simplified tenfold, this is an advantage if the air conditioner needs to be installed in an already renovated room.
- There are probably only two drawbacks. The entire monoblock design is permanently placed inside the room, therefore it takes up space on the wall, cannot be moved to another place and may not always fit into the interior of the room. Due to the fact that absolutely all elements of the air conditioner are located in one block, and this block is located in the room, the overall noise background is slightly higher than when a split system is operating, but lower than when a mobile air conditioner is operating.
Monoblock air conditioners are constantly being improved and, in the near future, can create serious competition for any type of household series air conditioners.
Currently, precision air conditioners have become in demand in rooms where it is necessary to constantly create and maintain the desired microclimate for electronic equipment, while with a small error.
Deviation from the standards in most rooms is allowed for temperature by 1˚, and for humidity by 2% - that's what precision air conditioning is.
Server rooms, data processing centers, chemical laboratories, operating rooms - this is an incomplete list of premises where the installation of such equipment is essential.
What is a precision air conditioner
All processes associated with such a strict regulation of the microclimate can only be carried out with the help of a precision air conditioning system.
Industrial precision air conditioner- This is a device adapted to constantly maintain the desired parameters of humidity, temperature and air flow.
Purpose
The air conditioner (according to the English “precision” - infallibility, authenticity) is designed to create and maintain the necessary atmospheric conditions in buildings that are subject to increased requests for temperature, humidity and air movement.
Precision conditioning methods are intended for the following fields of activity:
- Reference information centers (premises for servers, computers, data processing services);
- Industries (cosmonautics and electronics, production organization rooms for various fields of activity);
- Television and radio (ATS, telecommunication centers);
- Culture and science (world libraries, research laboratories, museums);
- Medicine (operating wards, burn centers, centers for diagnostics);
It should be emphasized that precision air conditioning is reliable and trouble-free in operation, if the cost meets the requirements for them.
Kinds
Precision air conditioning systems are conventionally divided into several categories, depending on:
- The number of schemes of work of precision conditioning.
a) single-circuit;
b) Double-circuit.
- Executions.
a) On ceilings (with a power of 4-15 kW) are placed in rooms with a small area;
b) Cabinet. Applied in large rooms(with power up to 100kW). Outdoor module as separate condenser;
c) Precision air conditioner - monoblock (with a power of about 20 kW). It has two evaporators and a compressor in one housing.
- Cooling heat exchanger.
a) Air. It works on the principle of a split system, consisting of two blocks: an outdoor unit (a compressor with a condenser in one housing) and an internal evaporator;
b) water. Combining a module with refrigeration unit(chiller) when the temperature drop is due to the liquid cooler;
c) Combined.
In addition, depending on the type of holding area temperature range and the number of circuits in the initial state, climate systems differ in their functioning.
Work principles
Precision-type air conditioners absorb cool air from outside, then it is processed in the supply air, after which it leaves the room with a given temperature, humidity and air speed.
As a result, such precision air conditioners are a kind of hybrid of atmospheric installation and ventilation system rooms. Depending on the type of cooling and the number of circuits, there are several principles of operation of precision installations.
Air-cooled units are marked with more traditional scheme cooling cycle, similar to the operation of a split system. Freon under pressure decreases in the compressor and passes into the condenser already in a liquid state.
Then it moves through the expansion valve to the evaporator, where it again turns into a gaseous state and enters the compressor again. In this regard, the air is cooled as it moves through the evaporator and exits.
This type of operation of the installations almost does not differ from the functioning of the product with a cooler. Only the cooling of the device is obtained not by air, but by water.
In indoor unit a heat exchanger is placed, to which a drycooler with a water pump is connected from the outside for cooling. Warm air is transferred through the evaporator and then discharged to the outside thanks to the built-in fan.
If the device is water-cooled, then the air conditioner is usually combined with a chiller (cooling unit)
Air supply and intake
Air masses, moving through the heat exchanger in which the refrigerant is located, cool down and enter the room. Such installations are of two types: with bottom and top air supply.
- Surface feed installation.
Air intake into such a device comes from a room, from air ducts or through an air conditioner panel. Air is supplied to the free space of the ceiling and thus air is exchanged, while these units have a simple system and an extended set of capacities.
- Conditioner with bottom feed.
This device allows handling maximum air masses and alternating them through the floor space.
The noise level of these air conditioners is reduced by scroll compressors, fans and the shape of the evaporator face.
Device for supplying air and refrigeration units are situated in different places air conditioner to reduce noise. For the movement of air masses, fans with electronic and step speed control are used.
type of instalation
Precision air conditioners are divided into inverter and periodic. The task of the inverter device is to transform the speed of rotation of the electric motor by inverting direct current into alternating current of the required frequency.
Periodic not inverter air conditioners designed to support certain parameters air by cycling the compressor. Such installations are more difficult to set up, but they are cheaper.
Inverter air conditioners withstand stable temperature, humidity and airflow rates, they last longer because there is less wear on parts than when the engine is cycling.
Application area
Precision air conditioners are used not only in large data centers. They also apply to information Technology, all kinds computer centers, points of mobile and satellite communication operators.
As well as centers of providers for the provision of Internet services, various body- and broadcasting stations and others technological productions sensitive to equipment downtime.
According to the demand for this equipment, one of the main consumers are operators mobile communications who often operate two types of premises with the necessary production equipment. These are the rooms for the main switching equipment and base stations.
Mounting
After graduation preparatory work and transportation of equipment to the site, the installation of this system device begins.
Installing a cabinet air conditioner of this type consists of a number of steps:
- Implementation of construction activities for the passage of communications transition nodes through fences and walls, including through the roof;
- Mounting supporting structures(base for placing external equipment);
- Installation of external equipment;
- Installation of internal equipment;
- Conducting the main refrigeration circuit;
- Installation of electrical communications;
- Commissioning works.
To install external equipment in working condition, it is necessary to make a foundation in accordance with SNiP. Capacitors can be installed both vertically and horizontally.
When installing the internal equipment (evaporative-compressor unit), most often use the support frames that come with the equipment.
Thus, the base base must bear the load from installed equipment without transmitting vibration to the floor. At the same time, the height of this frame should match the raised floor in the server room.
External equipment with several blocks is installed in one plane, and the height is regulated by the manufacturer.
After the preliminary installation of the equipment according to the specified standards, it must be fixed in accordance with the "Guidelines for fixing the equipment."
After putting the equipment into operation, it needs to do regular preventive inspection. And only the timely implementation of routine maintenance of precision air conditioners will guarantee successful and smooth operation this equipment.
For more information about this equipment, see the video:
The company "ALAS" provides a wide range of services in the field of air conditioning:
- selection and supply of precision air conditioners strictly for your tasks
- conducting installation work
- complex maintenance of air conditioning systems (service, warranty service)
We offer you only the best equipment from famous brands at very affordable prices.
Precision air conditioners - best solution for air conditioning of high-tech premises, such as: server rooms, data centers, pharmaceutical laboratories, telephone exchanges, museums, libraries, clean rooms, etc.
The main task precision air conditioners is to maintain the necessary climatic conditions– maintaining humidity and temperature in a certain room. They can be equipped with special filter elements with different classes of air purification. In special premises, such as a server room, telephone exchanges, data centers, the following requirements must be maintained:
- Atmosphere pressure should be between 84 and 107 kPa.
- The temperature should be from +18 to +24
- Humidity - in the range from 30% to 50%
- Dust content - not higher than 0.001 g/m3
Precision air conditioners are designed to solve these problems. These are self-contained cabinet-type air conditioners with increased accuracy of air processing (temperature, humidity, air movement) in technological premises:
- museums
- warehouse and production facilities
- computing, computer rooms, server rooms, data centers
- pharmaceutical premises
- telephone exchanges
Advantages of precision air conditioners over conventional ones
- Keeping Accurate temperature indicators(± 1 °C)
- Precise humidity control (±2%)
- Control over the dustiness of the premises: they completely clean the air from dust, bring the purity of the air to the desired level (installation of certain filters), which is necessary in fine industries and in medicine.
- Allows you to work in a wide range outdoor temperature(from +50. °С to -60 °С)
- They are fully compatible with the building's supervisory control and climate control systems.
- Possibility continuous work 24/7/365 system (24 hours / 7 days a week / 365 days a year)
It should also be noted that the manufacturers of such climate technology claim that precision air conditioners can work flawlessly for more than 15 years.
In its turn domestic air conditioners have a limited resource - 7 years, and in harsh conditions according to the 24/7/365 system, the service life does not exceed 2 - 3 years.
Technical types precision air conditioners:
- monoblock (with low power): the air conditioner is built into a special opening
- split system (the unit is located in the room, the condenser is taken out).
When choosing an air conditioner, you can start from the minimum option - temperature control only, and from the fully functional one - with the presence of a unit for maintaining air humidity.
If you are faced with the task of maintaining a strictly defined temperature regime in industrial premises If you want to provide 24/7, year-round air conditioning with reasonable operating costs, then you need to turn your attention to precision air conditioners.
Our experts will help you decide on the choice of equipment that is more suitable for you, as well as carry out all the work related to the installation and connection of the air conditioning system.
In addition, our company performs a wide range of works related to climate systems. We offer solutions in the following areas:
- Air conditioning and ventilation systems
- Cooling systems
- Multizone air conditioning systems, VRV, VRF systems
- Roof Tops - Roof Tops
- Compressor-condenser units (KKB)
- Chiller-fan coil system
- Equipment Liebert Hiross
Monoblock precision air conditioners are produced with both light and water-cooled condenser. Air conditioners with water cooling of the condenser do not have a heat pump, however, the heating mode in these models can be equipped with integrated electric heaters. They are lighter in terms of the system, the most mobile in terms of their own installation, since they have every chance of being introduced at virtually any point in the building where it is allowed to supply cooling water. In addition, water-cooled air conditioners have lowest price compared to precision instruments with slight cooling. The main problem in the case of the introduction of devices is the need to use the system of used water supply. A monoblock precision air conditioner includes all the necessary components and involves a compressor and condenser evaporator sections connected in a single housing. The condenser section contains a compressor and a condenser, while the evaporative section contains an evaporator, a thermostatic control valve, an integrated control panel and automation. Monoblock precision air conditioner is called the type of cabinet units. These devices are equipped different types microprocessor control systems, and are ready to maintain in the room both clear characteristics in terms of temperature and moisture. These devices are used in rooms in which place a specific temperature and humidity are needed. like museums, computer centers, telephone exchanges, pharmaceutical laboratories, etc.
Precision air conditioners are a kind of cabinet air conditioners. They are equipped with various types of microprocessor control systems and are able to maintain in the room not only accurate parameters for temperature, but also for humidity.
Such air conditioners are used in rooms where, along with air conditioning, it is necessary to regulate humidity:
- in museums;
- computer rooms;
- at telephone exchanges;
- in pharmaceutical laboratories;
- in production and storage facilities.
Precision air conditioners have the following distinctive characteristics:
- accuracy of control and management of temperature (+ GS) and humidity (+ 2%);
- reliability of work during continuous operation;
- the ability to work in a wide range of outdoor temperatures (up to minus 35°С);
- full compatibility with supervisory control systems and building climate control systems.
Precision air-cooled air conditioners consist of two blocks:
- the indoor unit (the air conditioner itself), in which the compressor, evaporator, fan and automation are located;
- outdoor unit- remote condenser or heat exchanger.
Water-cooled air conditioners have only one indoor unit, in which a water condenser is additionally installed. Air conditioners can be made in various modifications. A simple modification only provides cooling; more complex - regulation of temperature and humidity in the room. Practically the weight of air conditioners can be lifted out with the bottom or top supply of the prepared air. Air conditioners with bottom supply process large volumes of air and evenly distribute it in the room through the air distribution space of the fall floor. The air flow is provided either directly from the room, or through a small pipe from the space false ceiling or duct systems. Air from the room can also be taken in through the front panel of the air conditioner. The filter installed in the air conditioner is especially necessary when the treated air is directly supplied to electronic equipment.
In top-fed air conditioners, air is supplied either directly into the room, through a duct system, or through the free space of the ceiling.
Room air can be taken in through the front panel or the bottom or rear panel.
The air conditioner can be additionally equipped with an air distribution chamber that directs the air flow into the room and is installed on the top panel of the air conditioners.
Direct expansion air conditioners with remote air condenser
Air conditioners of this type are most widely used due to a wide range of capacities and relative ease of installation.
Air conditioners are available from 5 to 100 kW for bottom feed models and from 5 to 50 kW for top feed models.
The indoor unit contains a compressor, evaporator, expansion valve, centrifugal fan and the whole automatic control system.
Remote condenser with axial fans installed outside (on the street) and connected to the air conditioner by pipelines and an electric cable.
When installing a remote condenser, it is necessary to ensure an unobstructed approach and exit of air and exclude the possibility of air getting from the outlet to the fan inlet,
Depending on the model of the remote condenser, the air conditioner can operate in cooling mode up to an outdoor temperature of minus 35°C.
Air conditioners with direct expansion system and water-cooled condenser
The capacity of water-cooled direct expansion air conditioners ranges from 5.7 to 104.4 kW for bottom feed models and from 5.7 to 51.3 kW for top feed models.
Air conditioners with a water-cooled condenser are a monoblock. They are simpler in design and cheaper than air conditioners with a condenser. air cooling. The outdoor temperature does not affect the operation of these air conditioners, since the condenser is located inside the room, and therefore they can operate at any outdoor temperature.
However, their application requires the use of running water, which hinders the use of such air conditioners.
Chilled water can be supplied from a cooling tower (water recycling system), from artesian well or any other source cold water.
To conserve water for cooling the condenser, special valves can be installed to control the water flow and the corresponding condensing pressure.
Air conditioners with direct expansion system with intermediate circuit and remote heat exchanger
In air conditioners with an intermediate circuit, the condenser is cooled antifreeze liquid circulating in a closed intermediate circuit. Typically, a glycol mixture is used in the intermediate circuit.
Cooling of the circulating liquid is carried out in a special external heat exchanger.
Outdoor coils, also called dry coolers, are equipped with variable speed fans to control the condensing pressure of the refrigerant.
The refrigerant circuit of the air conditioner is charged necessary quantity refrigerant, so the installation of the air conditioner requires only laying the liquid pipeline connecting the units, installing pumps and outdoor heat exchangers. The permissible distance between the air conditioner and the heat exchanger is determined by the capacity of the circulation pump.
The minimum outdoor temperature is determined by the freezing point and the liquid flow in the intermediate circuit, and is usually minus 40°C.
In the evaporator of the refrigeration circuit with an air-cooled condenser (MDT models) or with a water-cooled condenser (MDD models). Air conditioners of this type are used in cases where the supply of cold water from the chiller or water supply system can be intermittent.
The microprocessor automatically turns on the refrigeration circuit when the water supply is completely or partially interrupted (at night, during winter period, as a result of an accident, etc.).
Two cooling systems various types combined in one air conditioner,
enable the most efficient use of the equipment and guarantee its high reliability.
These are air conditioners capable of maintaining the temperature and humidity in the room with great accuracy. They are made in a monoblock version with water cooling, or with remote condenser.
- Cooling power from 4 to 100 kW
- Are completed with a humidifier
- High accuracy temperature and humidity control
- Silent operation
- Floor and suspended installation
Application
Premises where precise control of air parameters is required.
Work schemes
There are four main schemes for the operation of precision air conditioners.
- The compressor is located in the indoor unit and is connected to a remote condenser by a freon circuit.
- The indoor unit contains a compressor, condenser and evaporator. Heat is removed by water in the cooling tower.
- Chiller connection. In this version, there is no compressor in the indoor unit, and it works like a fan coil unit.
- Connection to running water. The compressor is located inside the block, heat is given off to running water.
Operating modes
Cooling, heating, humidification, dehumidification in recirculation mode.
Advantages
- Exceptionally accurate air control (including gas composition, humidity level and air mobility)
- Very high reliability.
Wherever very precise control of air parameters is required: operating rooms, laboratories, museums, special storage facilities, etc.
Often used in computer rooms, automatic telephone exchanges and other places saturated with expensive electronics.
