In school physics lessons, teachers always say that physical phenomena are everywhere in our lives. We just often forget about it. Meanwhile, the amazing is near! Do not think that you will need something supernatural to organize physical experiments at home. And here's some evidence for you ;)

magnetic pencil

What needs to be prepared?

• battery.
• Thick pencil.
• Copper insulated wire with a diameter of 0.2-0.3 mm and a length of several meters (the more the better).
• Scotch.

Conducting experience

Wind the wire tightly turn to turn on the pencil, not reaching its edges by 1 cm. One row is over - wind the other from above in the opposite direction. And so on, until all the wire is finished. Do not forget to leave two ends of the wire 8–10 cm each free. To prevent the turns from unwinding after winding, secure them with tape. Strip the free ends of the wire and connect them to the battery contacts.

What happened?

Got a magnet! Try to bring small iron objects to it - a paper clip, a hairpin. Are attracted!

Lord of the Water

What needs to be prepared?

• A stick made of plexiglass (for example, a student's ruler or an ordinary plastic comb).
• A dry cloth made of silk or wool (for example, a wool sweater).

Conducting experience

Open the faucet so that a thin stream of water flows. Rub the stick or comb vigorously on the prepared cloth. Quickly bring the wand close to the stream of water without touching it.

What will happen?

A jet of water will be bent by an arc, being attracted to the stick. Try the same with two sticks and see what happens.

spinning top

What needs to be prepared?

• Paper, needle and eraser.
• A stick and a dry woolen cloth from a previous experience.

Conducting experience

You can manage not only water! Cut a strip of paper 1-2 cm wide and 10-15 cm long, bend along the edges and in the middle, as shown in the figure. Insert the needle with the pointed end into the eraser. Balance the workpiece-top on the needle. Prepare a "magic wand", rub it on a dry cloth and bring it to one of the ends of the paper strip from the side or top, without touching it.

What will happen?

The strip will swing up and down like a swing, or it will spin like a carousel. And if you can cut a butterfly out of thin paper, then the experience will be even more interesting.

Ice and fire

(the experiment is carried out on a sunny day)

What needs to be prepared?

• A small cup with a round bottom.
• A piece of dry paper.

Conducting experience

Pour into a cup of water and place in the freezer. When the water turns to ice, remove the cup and place it in a bowl of hot water. After a while, the ice will separate from the cup. Now go out to the balcony, put a piece of paper on the stone floor of the balcony. With a piece of ice, focus the sun on a piece of paper.

What will happen?

The paper should be charred, because in the hands it is no longer just ice ... Did you guess that you made a magnifying glass?

Wrong mirror

What needs to be prepared?

• Transparent jar with a tight-fitting lid.
• Mirror.

Conducting experience

Pour excess water into a jar and close the lid to prevent air bubbles from getting inside. Place the jar upside down on a mirror. Now you can look in the mirror.

Zoom in on your face and look inside. There will be a thumbnail. Now start tilting the jar to the side without lifting it from the mirror.

What will happen?

The reflection of your head in the jar, of course, will also tilt until it is turned upside down, while the legs will not be visible. Pick up the jar and the reflection will flip again.

Bubble Cocktail

What needs to be prepared?

• A glass of strong salt solution.
• Battery from a flashlight.
• Two pieces of copper wire about 10 cm long.
• Fine sandpaper.

Conducting experience

Clean the ends of the wire with fine sandpaper. Connect one end of the wires to each pole of the battery. Dip the free ends of the wires into a glass of solution.

What happened?

Bubbles will rise near the lowered ends of the wire.

Lemon battery

What needs to be prepared?

• Lemon, thoroughly washed and wiped dry.
• Two pieces of insulated copper wire approximately 0.2–0.5 mm thick and 10 cm long.
• Steel paper clip.
• Bulb from a flashlight.

Conducting experience

Strip the opposite ends of both wires at a distance of 2–3 cm. Insert a paper clip into the lemon, screw the end of one of the wires to it. Insert the end of the second wire into the lemon 1-1.5 cm from the paper clip. To do this, first pierce the lemon in this place with a needle. Take the two free ends of the wires and attach the bulbs to the contacts.

What will happen?

The lamp will light up!

Summary: Experience with a coin and a balloon. Entertaining physics for children. Fascinating physics. Do-it-yourself experiments in physics. Entertaining experiments in physics.

This experiment is a wonderful example of the action of centrifugal and centripetal force.

For the experience you will need:

Balloon (better than a pale color, so that when inflated it shines through as best as possible) - a coin - threads

Work plan:

1. Insert a coin inside the ball.

2. Inflate the balloon.

3. Tie it with a thread.

4. Take the ball with one hand at the end where the thread is. Make several rotational movements with your hand.

5. After some time, the coin will begin to rotate in a circle inside the ball.

6. Now with the second hand, fix the ball from below in a stationary position.

7. The coin will keep spinning for another 30 seconds or more.

Explanation of experience:

When an object rotates, there is a force called centrifugal. Have you been on a carousel? You felt a force throwing you outward from the axis of rotation. This is centrifugal force. When you spin the ball, centrifugal force acts on the coin, which presses it against the inside surface of the ball. At the same time, the ball itself acts on it, creating a centripetal force. The interaction of these two forces causes the coin to rotate in a circle.

Artificial tornado. In one of the books of N. E. Zhukovsky, the following installation is described for obtaining an artificial tornado. At a distance of 3 m above the vat of water, a hollow pulley with a diameter of 1 m is placed, having several radial partitions (Fig. 119). With the rapid rotation of the pulley, a spinning water tornado rises from the vat towards it. Explain the phenomenon. What is the reason for the formation of a tornado in nature?

"Universal barometer" M. V. Lomonosov (Fig. 87). The instrument consists of a mercury-filled barometric tube with ball A on top. The tube is connected by capillary B to another ball containing dry air. The instrument is used to measure minute changes in atmospheric pressure force. Understand how this device works.

Device N. A. Lyubimov. Professor of Moscow University N. A. Lyubimov was the first scientist who experimentally investigated the phenomenon of weightlessness. One of his devices (Fig. 66) was a panel l with loops, which could fall along the guide vertical wires. On panel l a vessel with water is strengthened 2. Inside the vessel, with the help of a rod passing through the lid of the vessel, a large cork is placed 3. Water tends to push out the cork, and the latter, stretching the wire. 4, holding the index arrow on the right side of the screen. Will the pointer retain its position relative to the vessel if the instrument falls?

Burdenkov Semyon and Burdenkov Yuri

Making a device with your own hands is not only a creative process that encourages you to show your ingenuity and ingenuity. In addition, during the manufacturing process, and even more so when demonstrating it in front of a class or the whole school, the manufacturer receives a lot of positive emotions. The use of home-made devices in the classroom develops a sense of responsibility and pride in the work done, proves its importance.

Download:

Preview:

Municipal state educational institution

Kukuy basic comprehensive school №25

Project

Do-it-yourself physical device

Completed by: 8th grade student

MKOU OOSH №25

Burdenkov Yu.

Head: Davydova G.A.,

Physics teacher.

1. Introduction.
2. Main part.

1. Purpose of the device;
2. tools and materials;
3. Device manufacturing;
4. General view of the device;

1. Conclusion.
2. Bibliography.

1. Introduction.

In order to put the necessary experience, you need to have instruments and measuring instruments. And do not think that all devices are made in factories. In many cases, research facilities are built by the researchers themselves. At the same time, it is considered that the most talented researcher is the one who can experiment and get good results not only on complex, but also on simpler instruments. Complex equipment is reasonable to use only in cases where it is impossible to do without it. So do not neglect home-made devices - it is much more useful to make them yourself than to use purchased ones.

GOAL:

Make a device, installation in physics to demonstrate physical phenomena with your own hands.

Explain the principle of operation of this device. Demonstrate the operation of this device.

TASKS:

Make devices that are of great interest to students.

Make devices missing from the laboratory.

Make devices that cause difficulty in understanding theoretical material in physics.

HYPOTHESIS:

The made device, installation in physics for demonstrating physical phenomena with your own hands, apply in the lesson.

In the absence of this device in the physical laboratory, this device will be able to replace the missing installation when demonstrating and explaining the topic.

1. Main part.

1. Purpose of the device.

The device is designed to observe the expansion of air and liquid when heated.

1. Tools and materials.

Ordinary bottle, rubber stopper, glass tube, the outer diameter of which is 5-6mm. Drill.

1. Device manufacturing.

Make a hole in the cork with a drill so that the tube fits snugly into it. Next, pour tinted water into the bottle to make it easier to observe. We put a scale on the neck. Then insert the cork into the bottle so that the tube in the bottle is below the water level. The device is ready for the experiment!

1. General view of the device.

1. Features of the demonstration of the device.

To demonstrate the device, you need to grab the neck of the bottle with your hand and wait a while. We will see that the water starts to rise up the tube. This happens because the hand heats the air in the bottle. When heated, the air expands, presses on the water and displaces it. The experiment can be done with different amounts of water, and you will find that the level of rise will be different. If the bottle is completely filled with water, then you can already observe the expansion of water when heated. To verify this, you need to lower the bottle into a vessel with hot water.

1. Conclusion.

It is interesting to watch the experience conducted by the teacher. Conducting it yourself is doubly interesting.

And to conduct an experiment with a device made and designed by one's own hands is of great interest to the whole class. In such experiments, it is easy to establish a relationship and draw a conclusion about how a given installation works.

1. Literature.

1. Teaching equipment for physics in high school. Edited by A.A. Pokrovsky "Enlightenment" 1973

Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution "Mulma Secondary School of the Vysokogorsky Municipal District of the Republic of Tatarstan"

"Physical devices for do-it-yourself physics lessons"

(Project plan)

teacher of physics and computer science

2017

Individual topic on self-education

Introduction

Main part

Expected results and conclusions

Conclusion.

Individual self-education topic: « Development of intellectual abilities of students in the formation of research, project skills in the classroom and in extracurricular activities»

Introduction

In order to put the necessary experience, you need to have instruments and measuring instruments. And do not think that all devices are made in factories. In many cases, research facilities are built by the researchers themselves. At the same time, it is considered that the most talented researcher is the one who can experiment and get good results not only on complex, but also on simpler instruments. Complex equipment is reasonable to use only in cases where it is impossible to do without it. So do not neglect home-made devices - it is much more useful to make them yourself than to use purchased ones.

The invention of home-made devices provides direct practical benefits, increasing the efficiency of social production. The work of students in the field of technology contributes to the development of their creative thinking. Comprehensive knowledge of the surrounding world is achieved through observations and experiments. Therefore, students develop a clear, distinct idea of ​​things and phenomena only through direct contact with them, through direct observation of phenomena and independent reproduction of them in experience.

We also consider the manufacture of home-made devices to be one of the main tasks for improving the educational equipment of the physics classroom.

There's a problem : First of all, the objects of work should be devices that physics classrooms need. Devices that no one needs, then not used anywhere, should not be made.
You should not take on work even if there is not sufficient confidence in its successful completion. This happens when it is difficult or impossible to obtain any materials or parts to make a device, and also when the processes for making a device and processing parts exceed the ability of students.

During the preparation of the project plan, put forward a hypothesis :

If physical and technical skills are formed within the framework of extracurricular activities, then: the level of formation of physical and technical skills will increase; the readiness for independent physical and technical activity will increase;

On the other hand, the presence of home-made devices in the school physics classroom expands the possibilities for improving the educational experiment and improves the organization of scientific research and design work.

Relevance

The manufacture of devices leads not only to an increase in the level of knowledge, it reveals the main direction of students' activity, it is one of the ways to enhance the cognitive and project activities of students when studying physics in grades 7-11. When working on the device, we are moving away from "chalk" physics. A dry formula comes to life, an idea materializes, a complete and clear understanding arises. On the other hand, such work is a good example of socially useful work: well-made home-made devices can significantly replenish the equipment of a school office. It is possible and necessary to make devices on the spot on your own. Home-made devices have another constant value: their manufacture, on the one hand, develops practical skills and abilities for the teacher and students, and on the other hand, it testifies to creative work, the methodological growth of the teacher, the use of design and research work. Some home-made devices may turn out to be methodologically more successful than industrial ones, more visual and easier to use, more understandable to students. Others make it possible to conduct experiments more fully and more consistently with the help of existing industrial instruments, and expand the possibility of their use, which is of very important methodological significance.

The significance of project activities in modern conditions, in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standards LLC.

The use of various forms of learning - group work, discussion, presentation of joint projects using modern technologies, the need to be communicative, contact in various social groups, the ability to work together in different areas, preventing conflict situations or getting out of them with dignity - contribute to the development of communicative competence. Organizational competence includes planning, conducting research, organizing research activities. In the process of research, schoolchildren develop information competencies (search, analysis, generalization, evaluation of information). They master the skills of competent work with various sources of information: books, textbooks, reference books, encyclopedias, catalogs, dictionaries, Internet sites. These competencies provide a mechanism for student self-determination in situations of educational and other activities. The individual educational trajectory of the student and the program of his life as a whole depend on them.

I put the following goal:

identification of gifted children and support of interest in deep study of specialized subjects; creative development of personality; development of interest in engineering and research professions; instilling elements of a research culture, which is carried out through the organization of research activities of schoolchildren; socialization of personality as a way of cognition: from the formation of key competencies to personal competencies.Make devices, installations in physics to demonstrate physical phenomena, explain the principle of operation of each device and demonstrate their work

To achieve this goal, put forward the following tasks :

study scientific and popular literature on the creation of home-made devices;

make devices on specific topics that cause difficulty in understanding theoretical material in physics;

make devices missing in the laboratory;

develop interest in the study of astronomy and physics;

cultivate perseverance in achieving the goal, perseverance.

The following stages of work and implementation timelines were determined:

February 2017.

Accumulation of theoretical and practical knowledge and skills;

March - April 2017

Preparation of sketch drawings, drawings, project schemes;

Selection of the most successful project option and a brief description of the principle of its operation;

Preliminary calculation and approximate determination of the parameters of the elements that make up the selected project option;

Fundamental theoretical solution and development of the project itself;

Selection of parts, mat

Mental anticipation of materials, tools and measuring devices for the materialization of the project; all the main stages of the assembly of the material layout of the project;

Systematic control of their activities in the manufacture of the device (installation);

Taking characteristics from the manufactured device (installation) and comparing them with the expected ones (design analysis);

Translation of the layout into the completed design of the device (installation) (practical implementation of the project);

December 2017

Defense of the project at a special conference and demonstration of devices (installations) (public presentation).

The following will be used during the project research methods:

Theoretical analysis of scientific literature;

Designing educational material.

Project type: creative.

Practical value of the work:

The results of the work can be used by physics teachers in schools in our district.

Expected results:

If the goals of the project are achieved, then the following results can be expected

Obtaining a qualitatively new result, expressed in the development of the student's cognitive abilities and his independence in educational and cognitive activities.

To study and test patterns, clarify and develop fundamental concepts, reveal research methods and instill skills in measuring physical quantities,

Show the possibility of controlling physical processes and phenomena,

Select devices, instruments, equipment adequate to the studied real phenomenon or process,

Understand the role of experience in the knowledge of natural phenomena,

Create harmony between theoretical and empirical values.

Conclusion

1. Self-made physical installations have a greater didactic impact.

2. Home-made installations are created for specific conditions.

3. Home-made installations are a priori more reliable.

4. Homemade installations are much cheaper than state-owned appliances.

5. Homemade installations often determine the fate of a student.

The manufacture of devices, as part of the project activity, is used by a physics teacher in the context of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard. Work on the manufacture of instruments of many students captivates so much that they devote all their free time to it. Such students are indispensable assistants to the teacher in preparing classroom demonstrations, laboratory work, and workshops. First of all, it can be said about such students who are passionate about physics in advance that in the future they will become excellent production workers - it is easier for them to master a machine, machine tool, technology. Along the way, the ability to do things with one's own hands is acquired; honesty and responsibility for the work done by you are brought up. It is a matter of honor to make the device so that everyone understands, everyone climbs the step that you have already climbed.

But in this case, the main thing is different: being carried away by devices and experiments, often demonstrating their operation, talking about the device and principle of operation to their comrades, the guys pass a kind of test for suitability for the teaching profession, they are potential candidates for pedagogical educational institutions. Demonstration of the finished device by the author in front of his comrades during a physics lesson is the best assessment of his work and the opportunity to note his merits to the class. If this is not possible, then we will demonstrate a public review, a presentation of the manufactured devices during some extra-curricular activities. This is a covert advertisement for the type of activity for the manufacture of home-made devices, which contributes to the wide involvement of other students in this work. We must not lose sight of the important circumstance that this work will benefit not only the students, but also the school: in this way, a concrete connection will be made between education and socially useful work, with project activity.

Conclusion.

Now everything important has been said. It's great if my project "charges" with creative optimism, makes someone believe in themselves. After all, this is its main goal: to present the complex accessible, worth any effort and capable of giving a person an incomparable joy of comprehension, discovery. Perhaps our project will inspire someone to be creative. After all, creative vivacity is like a strong elastic spring, harboring the charge of a powerful blow. No wonder the wise aphorism says:“Only a beginner creator is omnipotent!”