2.5.220. The intersection angle of the overhead line (VLZ) above 1 kV between themselves and with the overhead line (VLI) up to 1 kV is not standardized.
2.5.221. The intersection point should be chosen as close as possible to the support of the upper (crossing) overhead line (VLZ). The distances from the wires of the lower (crossed) overhead line to the supports of the upper (crossing) overhead lines horizontally and from the wires of the upper (crossing) overhead lines to the supports of the lower (intersected) overhead lines in the light must be at least those given in Table. 2.5.23, as well as at least 1.5 m for VLZ and 0.5 m for VLI.
It is allowed to cross overhead lines and overhead lines with each other and with overhead lines (VLI) up to 1 kV on a common support.
Table 2.5.23. The smallest distance between wires and supports of intersecting overhead lines
2.5.222. Supports of 500-750 kV overhead lines, limiting the crossing span with 500-750 kV overhead lines, must be of the anchor type.
Intersections of 500-750 kV overhead lines with 330 kV overhead lines and below, as well as 330 kV overhead lines and below, are allowed to intersect in spans limited by both intermediate and anchor supports.
Single-column wooden supports of the crossing overhead line, limiting the crossing span, as a rule, should be with reinforced concrete attachments. It is allowed to use single-column wooden poles without attachments and, as an exception, elevated wooden poles with wooden attachments.
2.5.223. When crossing overhead lines 500-750 kV with overhead lines 6-20 kV and overhead lines (VLI) up to 1 kV, the supports of the crossed overhead lines, limiting the crossing span, must be of the anchor type, the wires of the crossed overhead lines in the crossing span should be:
- steel-aluminum sectional area of at least 70 mm2 for aluminum - for 6-20 kV overhead lines;
- steel-aluminum cross-sectional area for aluminum of at least 70 mm2 or from heat-strengthened aluminum alloy with a cross-sectional area of at least 70 mm2 - for 6-20 kV overhead lines;
- aluminum with a cross-sectional area of at least 50 mm2 - for overhead lines up to 1 kV;
- SIP harness without carrier neutral wire with a phase conductor cross-sectional area of at least 25 mm2 or with a carrier wire made of heat-treated aluminum alloy with a cross-sectional area of at least 50 mm2.
Wires in crossing spans must be fastened to supports using:
- suspended glass insulators - for overhead lines (VLZ) 6-20 kV;
- pin insulators with double fastening to them - for overhead lines up to 1 kV;
- tension anchor clamps - for VLI.
2.5.224. On the intermediate supports ahs crossing overhead lines with supporting garlands of insulators, the wires should be hung in blind clamps, and double wire fastening should be used on supports with pin insulators.
On intermediate supports of an existing 750 kV overhead line, limiting the span of intersection with newly constructed overhead lines up to 330 kV under it, as well as on existing overhead lines up to 500 kV with a cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe aluminum part of the wires of 300 mm2 or more, when constructing other overhead lines under them, it is allowed to leave clamps with a limited sealing strength and drop-down clamps.
2.5.225. Overhead line wires high voltage, as a rule, should be located above the wires of the crossed overhead lines of lower voltage. It is allowed, as an exception, the passage of an overhead line of 35 kV and above with wires with a cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe aluminum part of 120 mm2 or more above the wires of an overhead line of higher voltage, but not higher than 220 kV *. At the same time, the passage of an overhead line of a lower voltage over the wires of a double-circuit overhead line of a higher voltage is not allowed.
* In cities and urban-type settlements, it is allowed to pass overhead lines or overhead lines with insulated wires with a voltage of up to 1 kV over overhead lines with a voltage of up to 20 kV.
2.5.226. The intersection of 35-500 kV overhead lines with double-circuit overhead lines of the same voltage, which serve to supply consumers without backup power, or with double-circuit overhead lines, the circuits of which are mutually redundant, should, as a rule, be carried out in different spans of the crossing overhead line, separated by an anchor support. The intersection of 750 kV overhead lines with such overhead lines is allowed to be carried out in one span, limited by both anchor and intermediate supports.
In sections of a cramped route, the intersection of overhead lines with wires with a cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe aluminum part of 120 mm2 or more with double-circuit overhead lines is allowed to be carried out in one span of the crossing overhead line, limited by intermediate supports. At the same time, on the supports that limit the crossing span, double-circuit supporting insulator garlands with separate fastening of the circuits to the support should be used.
2.5.227. The smallest distances between the nearest wires (or wires and cables) of intersecting overhead lines should be taken not less than those given in Table. 2.5.24 at an air temperature of plus 15 ºС without wind.
For intermediate span lengths, the respective distances are determined by linear interpolation.
The distance between the nearest wires of the crossing and crossing overhead lines of 6-20 kV, provided that at least one of them is made with protected wires, at a temperature of plus 15 ºС without wind should be at least 1.5 m.
The vertical distance between the nearest wires of the intersecting VLZ and the intersected VLI at an air temperature of plus 15 ºС without wind should be at least 1 m.
It is allowed to keep the supports of the crossed overhead lines up to 110 kV under the wires of the crossing overhead lines up to 500 kV, if the vertical distance from the wires of the crossing overhead line to the top of the support of the crossed overhead line is 4 m more values given in table. 2.5.24.
It is allowed to keep the supports of the crossed overhead lines up to 150 kV under the wires of the crossing overhead lines of 750 kV, if the vertical distance from the wires of the 750 kV overhead line to the top of the support of the crossed overhead line is at least 12 m at highest temperature air.
Table 2.5.24. The smallest distance between wires or wires and cables of intersecting overhead lines on metal and reinforced concrete supports, as well as on wooden supports in the presence of lightning protection devices
| Span length of the crossing overhead line, m | The smallest distance, m, at the distance from the intersection to the nearest overhead line support, m | |||||
| 30 | 50 | 70 | 100 | 120 | 150 | |
| When crossing overhead lines 750 kV between themselves and with overhead lines of lower voltage | ||||||
| up to 200 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 7,0 | - | - |
| 300 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 7,0 | 7,5 | 8,0 | 8,5 |
| 450 | 6,5 | 7,0 | 7,5 | 8,0 | 8,5 | 9,0 |
| 500 | 7,0 | 7,5 | 8,0 | 8,5 | 9,0 | 9,5 |
| When crossing 500-330 kV overhead lines with each other and with lower voltage overhead lines | ||||||
| up to 200 | 5,0 | 5,0 | 5,0 | 5,5 | - | - |
| 300 | 5,0 | 5,0 | 5,5 | 6,0 | 6,5 | 7,0 |
| 450 | 5,0 | 5,5 | 6,0 | 7,0 | 7,5 | 8,0 |
| When crossing 220-150 kV overhead lines with each other and with lower voltage overhead lines | ||||||
| up to 200 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - |
| 300 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 |
| 450 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6,5 | 7 |
| When crossing 110-20 kV overhead lines with each other and with lower voltage overhead lines | ||||||
| up to 200 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | - | - |
| 300 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | - |
| When crossing a 10 kV overhead line between each other and with a lower voltage overhead line | ||||||
| Up to 100 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| 150 | 2 | 2,5 | 2,5 | - | - | - |
2.5.228. The distances between the nearest wires (or between wires and cables) of intersecting overhead lines of 35 kV and above are subject to additional verification for the conditions of deflection of wires (cables) of one of the intersecting overhead lines in the crossing span at wind pressure according to 2.5.56, directed perpendicular to the axis of the span of this overhead line, and the non-deflected position of the wire (cable) of the other. In this case, the distances between the wires and cables or wires must be at least those indicated in Table. 2.5.17 or 2.5.18 for the conditions of the highest operating voltage, the air temperature for non-deflected wires is taken from 2.5.51.
2.5.229. On overhead lines with wooden poles, not protected by cables, on supports that limit crossing spans, protective devices should be installed on both intersecting overhead lines. The distances between the wires of intersecting overhead lines must be at least those given in Table. 2.5.24.
On supports of overhead lines of 35 kV and below, when crossing them with overhead lines of 750 kV and below, it is allowed to use IP. At the same time, for 35 kV overhead lines, automatic reclosing should be provided. Spark gaps on single-column and A-shaped supports with wooden traverses are made in the form of one grounding slope and end with bandages at a distance of 75 cm (along the tree) from the attachment point of the lower insulator. On U- and AP-shaped supports, grounding slopes are laid along two supports up to the traverse.
On overhead lines with wooden poles, not protected by cables, when crossing them with 750 kV overhead lines metal parts for fastening wires (hooks, pins, heads) must be grounded on supports that limit the crossing span, and the number of suspension insulators in garlands must correspond to the insulation for metal supports. At the same time, protective devices must be installed on the supports of 35-220 kV overhead lines.
If the distance from the intersection to the nearest supports of intersecting overhead lines is more than 40 m, it is allowed not to install protective devices, and grounding of the wire attachment details on the supports of overhead lines of 35 kV and above is not required.
Installation protective devices on crossing supports is not required:
for overhead lines with metal and reinforced concrete supports;
for overhead lines with wooden supports at distances between wires of intersecting overhead lines, not less than: 9 m - at a voltage of 750 kV; 7 m - at a voltage of 330-500 kV; 6 m - at a voltage of 150-220 kV; 5 m - at a voltage of 35-110 kV; 4 m - at voltage up to 20 kV.
The resistance of grounding devices of wooden supports with protective devices should be taken in accordance with Table. 2.5.19.
2.5.230. At parallel and the convergence of overhead lines of one voltage between themselves or with overhead lines of other voltages, the horizontal distances must be at least those given in table. 2.5.25 and be received by overhead lines of higher voltage. The specified distances are subject to additional verification:
1) for non-exceeding the neutral displacement of more than 15% of the phase voltage in normal operation of an overhead line up to 35 kV with an isolated neutral due to the electromagnetic and electrostatic influence of an overhead line of a higher voltage;
2) to exclude the possibility of development in the off position of 500-750 kV overhead lines equipped with compensating devices (shunt reactors, synchronous or thyristor static compensators, etc.), resonant overvoltages. The degree of compensation for the working capacitance of the line, the distance between the axes of the overhead line and the length of the approach sections should be determined by calculations.
Table 2.5.25. The smallest horizontal distance between overhead lines
| Sections of overhead lines and distances | The smallest distance, m, at voltage VL, kV | ||||||||
| up to 20 | 35 |
110
. Read and write useful | |||||||
The intersection point should be chosen as close as possible to the support of the upper (crossing) overhead line; however, the horizontal distance from this support to the wires of the lower (crossed) overhead line with the greatest deviation of the wires must be at least 6 m, and from the supports of the lower (intersected) overhead line to the wires of the upper (crossed) overhead line - at least 5 m. For anchor supports of 500 kV overhead lines, the indicated distances must be at least 10 m (see also 2.5.122 ).
Allowed in individual cases performing crossings of overhead lines on a support.
2.5.120. At intersections of 330 - 500 kV overhead lines, the supports of the crossing overhead line must be anchored with normal construction. Crossings of 330 - 500 kV overhead lines with 220 kV overhead lines and below are allowed to be carried out on intermediate supports.
During the construction of overhead lines of 330 kV and below, they are allowed to pass under the existing overhead lines of 330 - 500 kV in spans limited by intermediate supports.
When crossing overhead lines of 220 kV and below, it is allowed to use intermediate supports on the crossing overhead line.
Single-column wooden supports of the crossing overhead line, limiting the crossing span, must be with reinforced concrete attachments; it is allowed to use single-column wooden supports without attachments. Raised wooden supports are allowed to be used as an exception with wooden attachments.
The wires of the crossing overhead line on the intermediate supports of the crossing span must have blind clamps or double fastenings on pin insulators; with a wire cross section of 300 mm 2 or more, it is allowed to use clamps with limited termination strength and leave drop-down clamps on the existing overhead line when another overhead line is being built under it.
2.5.121. Higher voltage overhead wires, as a rule, should be located above lower voltage overhead lines. It is allowed as an exception to pass an overhead line of 35 kV and above with a wire cross section of 120 mm 2 or more above the wires of an overhead line of higher voltage, but not higher than 220 kV.
Table 2.5.25. The smallest distance between wires or between wires and cables of intersecting overhead lines on metal and reinforced concrete poles, as well as on wooden poles in the presence of lightning protection devices
| Overhead line span length, m | The smallest distance, m, at the distance from the intersection to the nearest overhead line support, m |
|||||
| 30 | 50 | 70 | 100 | 120 | 150 |
|
| When crossing overhead lines 500 - 330 kV between themselves and with overhead lines of lower voltage |
||||||
| up to 200 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5,5 | - | - |
| 300 | 5 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | 6,5 | 7 |
| 450 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | 7 | 7,5 | 8 |
| When crossing overhead lines 220 - 150 kV between themselves and with overhead lines of lower voltage |
||||||
| up to 200 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - |
| 300 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 |
| 450 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6,5 | 7 |
| When crossing overhead lines 110 - 20 kV with each other and with overhead lines of lower voltage |
||||||
| up to 200 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | - | - |
| 300 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | - |
| When crossing a 10 kV overhead line between each other and with a lower voltage overhead line |
||||||
| Up to 100 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| 150 | 2 | 2,5 | 2,5 | - | - | - |
2.5.122. The distances between the nearest wires and cables of intersecting overhead lines on metal and reinforced concrete poles, as well as on wooden poles in the presence of lightning protection devices at an ambient temperature of plus 15 ° C without wind, should be at least those given in Table. 2.5.25 .
When determining the distances between the wires of intersecting overhead lines, one should take into account the possibility of lightning strike both overhead lines and take the distances for a more unfavorable case. If the upper overhead line is protected by cables, then the possibility of hitting only the lower overhead line is taken into account.
It is allowed to keep the supports of the crossed overhead lines up to 110 kV under the wires of the crossing overhead lines, if the vertical distance from the wires of the crossing overhead line to the top of the support of the crossed overhead line is 4 m more than the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table. 2.5.25 .
2.5.123. On overhead lines with wooden supports, not protected by cables, on supports that limit crossing spans, tubular arresters should be installed on both intersecting overhead lines.
Table 2.5.26. The smallest horizontal distance between overhead lines
| Sections of overhead lines and distances | |
||||||
| up to 20 | 35 | 110 | 150 | 220 | 330 | 500 |
|
| Sections of an unrestricted route, between the axes of overhead lines | Height of highest support * |
||||||
| Sections of the constrained route and approaches to substations: | |||||||
| between end wires in undeflected position | 2,5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 15 |
| from the rejected wires of one overhead line to the supports of another overhead line | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 |
_____________
* When 500 kV overhead lines approach each other and with lower voltage overhead lines - the height of the highest support, but not less than 50 m.
On overhead lines of 35 kV and below, it is allowed to use protective gaps instead of tubular arresters. In this case, automatic reclosing should be provided for overhead lines. Protective gaps on single-column and A-shaped supports with wooden traverses are made in the form of one grounding slope and end with bandages at a distance of 75 cm (along the tree) from the attachment point of the lower insulator. On U- and AP-shaped supports, grounding slopes are laid along the uprights of the U-shaped face of the support to the traverse.
If the distance from the intersection to the nearest supports of intersecting overhead lines is not more than 40 m, arresters or protective gaps are installed only on the nearest supports.
The installation of tubular arresters and protective gaps is not required for:
VL with metal and reinforced concrete supports;
Overhead lines with wooden supports at distances between wires of overhead lines intersecting with each other and with overhead lines of lower voltages, not less than: 7 m at a voltage of 330 - 500 kV, 6 m at a voltage of 150 - 220 kV, 5 m at a voltage of 35 - 110 kV, 4 m at a voltage of 3 - 20 kV.
The resistance of grounding devices for tubular arresters and protective gaps should be no more than those indicated in Table. 2.5.22 .
2.5.124. With parallel passage and approach of overhead lines, the horizontal distances must be at least those indicated in Table. 2.5.26 .
INTERSECTION AND APPROXIMATION OF OHL WITH COMMUNICATION, ALARM AND RADIO BROADCASTING FACILITIES
2.5.125. The intersection of overhead lines up to 35 kV with LS and RS must be performed according to one of the following options:2. Underground cable insert in overhead lines and bare wires LS and RS.
3. VL wires and uninsulated wires of LS and RS.
2.5.126. Crossing overhead lines with voltage up to 35 kV with uninsulated wires LS and RS can be performed in the following cases:
1. If it is impossible to lay either an underground cable for LS and RS, or an overhead line cable.
2. If the use of a cable insert in the LAN will lead to the need to install an additional or transfer the previously installed amplifying point of the LAN.
3. If, when using the cable insert in the RS, the total length of the RS cable inserts exceeds allowed values.
4. If suspension insulators are used on overhead lines with voltage up to 35 kV. At the same time, the overhead line at the intersection with uninsulated wires LS and RS is carried out with increased mechanical strength wires and supports (see 2.5.133 ).
2.5.127. The intersection of overhead lines with a voltage of 110 kV and above with LS and RS must be performed according to one of the following options:
1. Wires overhead lines and underground cable LS and RS.
2. Wires overhead lines and uninsulated wires LS and RS.
2.5.128. When crossing overhead lines with a voltage of 110 kV and higher with LS and RS, cable inserts should not be used in LS and RS (see also 2.5.130 ):
1) if the use of a cable insert in the LAN will lead to the need to install an additional or transfer the previously installed amplifying point of the LAN, and the refusal to use this cable insert will not cause a violation of the norms for the interfering effect of overhead lines on the LAN;
2) if, when using a cable insert in the DC, the total length of the cable inserts in the DC exceeds the permissible values, and the refusal to use this cable insert will not lead to a violation of the norms of the interfering effect of the overhead line on the DC.
2.5.129. The intersection of wires of overhead lines with overhead lines of urban telephone communication is not allowed; these lines in the span of intersection with wires of overhead lines should be carried out only by underground cables.
2.5.130. In the span of the intersection of LS and RS with overhead lines, which provide high-frequency communication and telemechanics channels with equipment operating in the same frequency spectrum and having a power of more than 10 W per channel, LS and RS must be made by underground cable inserts. The length of the cable insert is determined by calculating the influence of the overhead line on the LS (RS), while the horizontal distance from the base of the cable support of the LS and RS to the projection of the outermost wire of the overhead line on horizontal plane must be at least 100 m.
If the power of high-frequency equipment operating in the same frequency spectrum exceeds 5 W, but not more than 10 W per channel, then the need to use a LAN and RS cable insert or take other protective measures is determined by calculating the impact.
If the power of high-frequency overhead line equipment operating in the same frequency spectrum does not exceed 5 W per channel, then the use of a cable insert is not required due to interference conditions.
Table 2.5.27. The smallest distance from the ground electrode and the underground part of the overhead line support to the underground cable of the LS and RS
If the cable insert in the LS and RS is not equipped according to the conditions of interfering influence from high-frequency channels of the overhead line, then the horizontal distance from the base of the cable support of the LS and RS to the projection onto the horizontal plane of the extreme wire of the overhead line of uncompacted, compacted in a mismatched frequency spectrum or compacted in a matching frequency spectrum with a power of high-frequency equipment up to 10 W, one channel should be at least 15 m without taking into account the deflection of the overhead line wires by the wind.
2.5.131. When crossing overhead lines with an underground cable LS and RS, the following requirements must be observed:
1. The angle of intersection of overhead lines with drugs and RS is not standardized.
2. The distance from the ground electrode and the underground part of the overhead line supports to the underground cable LS and RS must be at least those given in table. 2.5.27 .
In the case of laying a cable insert for the purpose of shielding in steel pipes or covering it with a channel, etc. by lenght, equal to the distance between wires VL plus 10 m on each side of the outermost wires, it is allowed to reduce the given distances to 5 m. In this case, when crossing with a 110 kV overhead line and above, the cable sheath should be connected to a channel or tube at both ends.
3. The metal sheaths of the cable insert must be earthed at both ends.
4. Protection of the cable insert against lightning surge, types of cables, method of equipping the cable insert at the intersection are selected in accordance with the requirements for cable LS and RS.
5. When crossing a 400 - 500 kV overhead line with LS and RS, the clear distance from the top of the cable support of the LS and RS to the wires of the overhead line must be at least 20 m.
2.5.132. When crossing a cable insert in overhead lines up to 35 kV with uninsulated wires LS and RS, the following requirements must be observed:
1. The angle of intersection of the cable insert in the overhead line with LS and RS is not standardized.
2. The distance from the underground cable of the insert into the overhead line to the ungrounded support of the LS and RS must be at least 2 m, and to the grounded support of the LS (RS) and its ground electrode - at least 10 m.
3. The horizontal distance from the base of the cable support of the overhead line, unsealed and sealed in a mismatched frequency spectrum and in a coinciding frequency spectrum, depending on the power of the high-frequency equipment, to the projection of the wires of the LS and RS should be selected in accordance with the requirements set forth in 2.5.130 for the case of crossing wires of overhead lines with an underground cable of LS and RS.
4. Underground cable inserts in overhead lines must be carried out in accordance with the requirements given in Ch. 2.3 and in 2.5.70 .
2.5.133. When crossing wires of overhead lines with uninsulated wires of LS and RS, the following requirements must be observed:
1. The angle of intersection of the wires of the overhead line with the wires of the LAN and RS should be as close as possible to 90 °. For cramped conditions, the intersection angle is not standardized.
2. The intersection should be chosen as close as possible to the overhead line support. At the same time, the horizontal distance from the overhead line supports to the LS and RS wires must be at least 7 m, and from the LS and RS supports to the projection of the nearest overhead line wire - at least 15 m. In addition, the clear distance from the wires of the overhead line is 400 and 500 kV to the tops of the LS and RS supports should be at least 20 m.
It is not allowed to place the supports of the LS and RS under the wires of the overhead line.
3. The supports of the overhead line, limiting the span of the intersection with the LS and RS, must be anchor, reinforced concrete, metal or wood. Wooden supports must be reinforced with additional attachments or struts.
Intersections of overhead lines of 35 kV and above with LS and RS can be performed on intermediate supports when using wires with a cross section of 120 mm 2 or more on overhead lines.
4. The wires of the overhead line must be located above the wires of the LAN and RS. The wires of the overhead line in the span of intersection with the LAN and RS must be multi-wire with a cross section of at least: aluminum - 70 mm 2, steel-aluminum - 35 mm 2, steel - 25 mm 2.
5. Wires and cables of overhead lines, as well as wires of LS and RS should not have connections in the crossing span. When used on overhead lines with wires with a cross section of 240 mm 2 or more, and in the case of phase splitting into three wires - 150 mm 2 or more, it is allowed to install one connecting clamp per wire.
6. In the span of the intersections of overhead lines with LS and RS on overhead line supports, only suspension insulators and blind clamps should be used. When splitting the phase into at least three wires, it is allowed to use clamps with limited termination strength.
7. Changing the installation location of the LS and RS supports, limiting the span of the intersection with the overhead line, is allowed provided that the deviation of the average length of the crossing element on the LS and RS will not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the current "Instructions for crossing telephone circuits overhead lines communications” of the Ministry of Communications of the USSR.
Table 2.5.28. The smallest vertical distance from the wires of the overhead line to the wires of the LAN and RS
| Estimated mode of overhead lines | The smallest distance, m, at voltage VL, kV |
|||||||
| to 10 | 20 | 35 | 110 | 150 | 220 | 330 | 500 |
|
| Normal: | ||||||||
| a) VL on wooden poles in the presence of lightning protection devices, as well as on metal and reinforced concrete poles | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| b) VL on wooden poles in the absence of lightning protection devices | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 |
| Breakage of wires in adjacent spans on overhead lines with suspended insulation | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1,5 | 2 | 2,5 | 3,5 |
8. Supports of the LS and RS, limiting the span of the crossing or adjacent to it and located on the side of the road, must be protected from collisions with vehicles.
9. The wires on the LS and RS supports, which limit the span of the intersection with the overhead line, must have a double fastening: with a traverse profile - only on the upper traverse, with a hook profile - on the two upper chains.
10. The vertical distances from the wires of the overhead line to the crossed wires of the LS and RS in the normal mode of the overhead line and in the event of a break in the wires in adjacent spans of the overhead line must be at least those given in table. 2.5.28 .
When using ice melting on overhead lines, you should check the dimensions to the wires of the LS and RS in the ice melting mode. These dimensions are checked at the wire temperature in the ice melting mode and should not be less than when the overhead line wire breaks in the adjacent span.
Vertical distances are determined in the normal mode with the largest sag of wires (without taking into account their heating electric shock). In emergency mode, distances are checked for overhead lines with wires with a cross section of less than 185 mm 2 at an average annual temperature, without ice and wind. For overhead lines with wires with a cross section of 185 mm 2 or more, an emergency check is not required.
11. On wooden poles of overhead lines without a lightning protection cable, limiting the span of intersection with LS and RS, with distances between wires of intersecting lines less than those indicated in paragraph "b" of Table. 2.5.28 at a voltage of 35 kV and below, tubular arresters or protective gaps should be installed, at a voltage of 110 - 220 kV - tubular arresters. When installing protective gaps on overhead lines, automatic re-closing should be provided.
Tubular arresters and clearances must be installed in accordance with the requirements 2.5.123 .
Resistance of grounding devices of tubular arresters and protective gaps at industrial frequency currents in summer time should be no more than:
Equivalent specific
Earth resistance, Ohm×m Up to 100 More than 100 More than 500 More
And up to 500 and up to 1000 1000
Ground resistance
Devices, Ohm 10 15 20 30
The use of special protection measures is not required: for overhead lines with wooden poles without lightning protection cables, with the distances between the wires of intersecting lines not less than those given in Table. 2.5.28 , p. "b", for overhead lines with metal and reinforced concrete supports, for sections of overhead lines with wooden supports, having lightning protection cables.
12. On the wooden supports of the LS and RS, limiting the span of the intersection with the overhead line, grounding slopes must be installed in accordance with the requirements for LS and RS.
2.5.134. Joint suspension of wires of overhead lines and wires of LS and RS on common supports not allowed.
2.5.135. When approaching overhead lines with airborne drugs and RS, the distances between their wires and measures to protect against influence are determined in accordance with the "Rules for the protection of wire communication devices, railway signaling and telemechanics from dangerous and interfering influence of power lines". The smallest horizontal distances with undeflected wires should be no less than the height of the highest overhead line support, and in areas of a cramped route with the greatest deviation of the overhead line wires by the wind: 2 m for overhead lines up to 20 kV, 4 m for overhead lines 35 and 110 kV, 5 m for overhead lines 150 kV, 6 m for 220 kV overhead lines, 8 m for 330 kV overhead lines, 10 m for 400 - 500 kV overhead lines. At the same time, the clear distance from the wires of the 400-500 kV overhead line to the tops of the LS and RS supports should be at least 20 m. The transposition step of the overhead line according to the condition of influence on the LS and RS is not standardized.
The LS and RS supports should be reinforced with additional supports or dual supports should be installed in cases where, when the LS and RS supports fall, contact between the wires of the LS and RS and the wires of the overhead line is possible.
2.5.136. When approaching overhead lines with pin insulators in areas with angles of rotation, with air LS and RS, the distance between them must be such that the wire that has fallen off the corner support of the overhead line cannot be from the nearest wire of the LS and RS at a distance less than those given in 2.5.135 . If it is impossible to fulfill this requirement, the wires of the overhead lines passing with inside turn, must have a double mount.
Table 2.5.29. The smallest distance from the overhead line to the antenna structures of transmitting radio centers
2.5.137.
When approaching overhead lines with underground cable LANs and RSs, the smallest distances between them are determined in accordance with the "Rules for the protection of wired communication devices, railway signaling and telemechanics from the dangerous and interfering influence of power lines" and must be at least those given in Table. 2.5.27
.
2.5.138. Distances from overhead lines to antenna structures of transmitting radio centers should be taken according to Table. 2.5.29 .
The intersection of the overhead line with the alignment of the radio relay line must be agreed with the organization in charge of the radio relay line.
2.5.139. Distances from overhead lines to the boundaries of receiving radio centers allocated collection points radio and local radio nodes should be taken according to Table. 2.5.30 .
Permissible approaches are established based on the condition that the level of the interference field created by the overhead line at a distance of 50 m from it does not exceed the values provided for by the all-Union "Norms of Permissible Industrial Radio Interference".
In the event that the route of the designed overhead line passes in the area where especially important receiving radio devices are located, the permissible approach is set at individually in agreement with interested organizations in the process of designing overhead lines.
Table 2.5.30. The shortest distance from the overhead line to the boundaries of receiving radio centers, dedicated receiving points of radio coverage and local radio nodes
If the observance of the distances indicated in Table. 2.5.30
, difficult, in some cases it is allowed to reduce them (subject to the implementation of measures on overhead lines that ensure the appropriate reduction of interference), as well as the transfer of all or part of the receiving radio devices to other sites. In each such case, in the process of designing an overhead line, a project of measures to comply with radio interference standards should be drawn up and agreed with interested organizations.
Distances from overhead lines to television centers and ridiodomes must be at least: 400 m for overhead lines up to 20 kV, 700 m for overhead lines 35 - 150 kV, 1000 m for overhead lines 220 - 500 kV.
CROSSING AND CONVERGENCE OF VL WITH RAILWAYS
2.5.140. The intersection of overhead lines with railways should be carried out, as a rule, by air crossings. On the railways ah with especially heavy traffic 1 and in some technically justified cases (for example, when crossing embankments, at railway stations or in places where the installation of air crossings is technically difficult), overhead lines up to 10 kV should be crossed by cable.Crossing overhead lines 150 kV and below with railways at the junction of anchor sections contact network prohibited.
The angle of intersection of overhead lines with electrified railways 2 and subject to electrification 3 must be at least 40 °. It is recommended, whenever possible, to make intersections at an angle close to 90° in all cases.
2.5.141. When crossing and approaching overhead lines with railways, the distances from the base of the overhead line support to the dimension of the approach of buildings 4 on non-electrified railways or to the axis of the supports of the contact network of electrified roads or subject to electrification must be at least the height of the support plus 3 m. These distances are allowed on areas of a cramped route take at least: 3 m for overhead lines up to 20 kV, 6 m for overhead lines 35 - 150 kV, 8 m for overhead lines 220 - 330 kV and 10 m for overhead lines 500 kV.
_____________
1 Particularly intensive train traffic refers to such traffic, in which the total number of passenger and freight trains in total according to the schedule on double-track sections is more than 100 pairs per day and on single-track sections - more than 48 pairs per day.
2 Electrified railways include all electrified roads, regardless of the type of current and the voltage value of the contact network.
3 Roads subject to electrification include roads that will be electrified within 10 years, counting from the year of construction of the overhead line planned by the project.
4 The gauge of the approach of buildings is the limiting transverse, perpendicular to the track outline intended for the passage of rolling stock, inside which, in addition to the rolling stock, no parts of buildings, structures and devices can enter.
Protection by arresters or protective gaps at intersections of overhead lines with a contact network is carried out in accordance with the requirements given in 2.5.123 .
In the necks of railway stations and at the junction of the anchor sections of the contact network, the intersection of overhead lines of 150 kV and below with railways is not allowed.
2.5.142. Distances at the intersection and approach of overhead lines with railways from wires to various elements of the railway must be at least those given in table. 2.5.31 .
Vertical distances from wires to various elements of the railways, as well as to the highest wire or carrier cable electrified railways are determined in the normal mode of overhead lines with the largest sag, taking into account additional heating electric wires. In the absence of data on electrical loads VL wire temperature is assumed to be plus 70 ° C.
In emergency mode, distances are checked when crossing overhead lines with wires with a cross section of less than 185 mm 2 for average annual temperature conditions, without ice and wind. With a wire cross section of 185 mm 2 or more, an emergency check is not required.
It is allowed to keep the supports of the contact network under the wires of the crossing overhead line at a vertical distance from the wires of the overhead line to the top of the supports of the contact network of at least: 7 m for overhead lines up to 110 kV, 8 m for overhead lines 150 - 220 kV and 9 m for overhead lines 330 - 500 kV.
In some cases, on sections of a cramped route, it is allowed to hang the wires of the overhead line and the contact network on common supports. Specifications joint suspension of wires should be coordinated with the Railway Administration.
When crossing and approaching overhead lines with railways, along which communication and signaling lines pass, it is necessary, in addition to Table. 2.5.31 be guided also by the requirements for intersections and approaches of overhead lines with communication facilities.
2.5.143. When crossing railroads common use, electrified and subject to electrification, the overhead line supports limiting the crossing span must be anchor of a normal design. On sections with especially intensive and heavy traffic 1 of trains, these supports must be metal.
1 Intense train traffic refers to such traffic in which the total number of passenger and freight trains according to the schedule on double-track sections is more than 50 and up to 100 pairs per day, and on single-track sections - more than 24 and up to 48 pairs per day.
Table 2.5.31. The smallest distance when crossing and approaching overhead lines with railways
| Intersection or convergence | The smallest distance, m, at voltage VL, kV |
|||||
| up to 20 | 35-110 | 150 | 220 | 330 | 500 |
|
| When crossing |
||||||
| For non-electrified railways from the wire to the rail head in the normal mode of the overhead line vertically: | ||||||
| broad gauge railways of general and non-public use 1 and narrow gauge of public use | 7,5 | 7,5 | 8 | 8,5 | 9 | 9,5 |
| non-public narrow gauge railways | 6 | 6.5 | 7,0 | 7,5 | 8 | 8,5 |
| From the wire to the rail head when the overhead line wire breaks in the adjacent vertical span: | ||||||
| broad gauge railways | 6 | 6 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 7 | - |
| narrow gauge railways | 4.5 | 4,5 | 5 | 5 | 5,5 | - |
| For electrified or subject to electrification railways from overhead lines to the highest wire or carrier cable in normal vertical mode | As when crossing overhead lines with each other in accordance with the table. 2.5.25 (see also 2.5.123 ) |
|||||
| The same, but with a wire break in the next span | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2,5 | 3,5 |
| When approaching |
||||||
| For non-electrified railways on sections of a cramped route from a deviated overhead line wire to the horizontal clearance of buildings | 1,5 | 2,5 | 2,5 | 2,5 | 3,5 | 4,5 |
| For electrified or subject to electrification railways on cramped sections of routes from the outermost wire of the overhead line to the outermost wire suspended from the field side of the contact network support, horizontally | As with the approach of overhead lines to each other in accordance with the table. 2.5.26 |
|||||
| The same, but in the absence of wires on the field side of the contact network supports | As when approaching overhead lines with structures in accordance with 2.5.115 |
|||||
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1 Railways, depending on their purpose, are divided into:
Public railways serving for the transportation of passengers and goods at the rates established for all;
Non-public railways connected by continuous rail track with a common network of railways and serving only for economic and industrial transportation of institutions, enterprises and organizations to which these access roads are subordinate.
It is allowed in the span of this intersection, limited by anchor supports, to install an intermediate support between tracks not intended for the passage of regular passenger trains, as well as intermediate supports along the edges of the railway track of any roads. These supports must be metal or reinforced concrete. The fastening of the wires on these supports must be double, the supporting clamps must be deaf.
The use of supports made of any material with braces and wooden single-column supports is not allowed. Wooden intermediate supports should be U-shaped (with X- or Z-shaped connections) or A-shaped.
When crossing non-public railways, it is allowed to use light-weight anchor supports and intermediate supports with wire suspension in blind clamps. Supports of all types, installed at the intersections of non-public railways, can be free-standing or on braces.
The fastening of wires in tension garlands must be carried out in accordance with 2.5.96 .
The use of pin insulators in spans of intersections of overhead lines with railways is not allowed.
The use of reinforced concrete supports and reinforced concrete stepchildren at the supports limiting the crossing span as reinforcement ground electrodes is prohibited.
2.5.144. When crossing overhead lines with a railway with forest protection plantations, one should be guided by the requirements 2.5.107 .
CROSSING AND CONVERGENCE OF VL WITH HIGHWAYS
2.5.145. The angle of intersection of overhead lines with highways is not standardized.2.5.146. When crossing highways of category I 1, the overhead lines limiting the span of the crossing must be anchored with a normal design.
The fastening of wires to overhead lines with suspension or pin insulators must be carried out in accordance with 2.5.96 .
1 Roads, depending on the category, have the following dimensions:
| Road category | Width of road elements, m |
|||
| roadway | roadsides | dividing line | subgrade |
|
| I | 15 or more | 3,75 | 5 | 27.5 and over |
| II | 7,5 | 3,75 | - | 15 |
| III | 7 | 2,5 | - | 12 |
| IV | 6 | 2 | - | 10 |
| V | 4,5 | 1,75 | - | 8 |
Table 2.5.32. The shortest distance when crossing and approaching overhead lines with highways
| Intersection or convergence | The smallest distance, m, at voltage VL, kV |
|||||
| up to 20 | 35-110 | 150 | 220 | 330 | 500 |
|
| Vertical distances: | ||||||
| a) from the wire to the roadbed: | ||||||
| in normal VL mode | 7 | 7 | 7,5 | 8 | 8,5 | 9 |
| when a wire breaks in an adjacent span | 5 | 5 | 5,5 | 5,5 | 6 | - |
| b) from wire to Vehicle in normal VL mode | 2,5 | 2,5 | 3,0 | 3,5 | 4,0 | 4,5 |
| Horizontal distances: | ||||||
| a) from the base of the support to the edge of the subgrade of the road at the intersection | Support height |
|||||
| b) the same, but with parallel following | Support height plus 5 m |
|||||
| c) the same, but on sections of a constrained route from any part of the support to the foot of the road embankment or to the outer edge of the ditch: | ||||||
| when crossing roads of categories I and II | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 |
| when crossing roads of other categories | 1,5 | 2,5 | 2,5 | 2,5 | 5 | 5 |
| d) when following in parallel from the outermost wire in a non-deflected position to the edge of the subgrade of the road | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 |
When crossing motor roads of categories II-IV, the supports limiting the span of the crossing can be lightweight anchor or intermediate.
On intermediate supports with suspension insulators, the wires must be suspended in blind clamps, and on supports with pin insulators, double fastening of the wires must be used. When splitting the phase into at least three wires, it is allowed to use clamps with limited termination strength. The same requirements are imposed on intersections with category V highways as when passing overhead lines through uninhabited areas.
When constructing new roads and passing them under the existing 400 and 500 kV overhead lines, the reconstruction of the overhead line is not required if the distance from the lower wire of the overhead line to the roadbed is at least 9 m and from the foundation of the support to the edge of the roadbed - at least 25 m.
2.5.147. Distances when crossing and approaching overhead lines with highways must be at least those given in Table. 2.5.32 .
In all cases of convergence of overhead lines with curved sections of roads passing along the embankment, the minimum distances from the wires of the overhead line to the edge of the road must be at least those indicated in Table. 2.5.32 vertical distances.
Vertical distances in normal mode are checked with the largest sag, without taking into account the heating of the wires by electric current.
In emergency mode, distances are checked for overhead lines with wires with a cross section of less than 185 mm 2 at an average annual temperature, without ice and wind. For overhead lines with wires with a cross section of 185 mm 2 or more, an emergency check is not required.
2.5.148. At the intersection of overhead lines with highways, which provide for the movement of cars and other vehicles with a height of more than 3.8 m, on both sides of overhead lines on the roads should be installed road signs, indicating the permissible height of a moving vehicle with a load.
At vertical distances from the overhead line wire to the web highway exceeding those indicated in the table. 2.5.32 more than 2 m, it is allowed not to install signal signs.
Suspension of road signs at the intersection of overhead lines with roads within security zones (see. 2.5.105 ) not allowed.
2.5.149. Overhead line supports located on the side of the road must be protected from collisions with vehicles.
CROSSING AND CONVERGENCE OF VL WITH TROLLEYBUS AND TRAM LINES
2.5.150. The angle of intersection of overhead lines with trolleybus and tram lines is not standardized.2.5.151. When crossing trolleybus and tram lines, the overhead line supports limiting the crossing span must be anchored with a normal design. For overhead lines with a wire cross section of 120 mm 2 or more, intermediate supports with wire suspension in blind clamps and with double fastening on pin insulators are also allowed. When splitting the phase into at least three wires, it is allowed to use clamps with limited termination strength.
In the case of using anchor supports, the suspension of wires must be carried out in accordance with 2.5.96 .
2.5.152. Vertical distances at the intersection and approach of overhead lines with trolleybus and tram lines with the largest sag of the wires must be at least those given in Table. 2.5.33 .
In normal mode, vertical distances are checked with the largest sag (without taking into account the heating of the wire by electric current).
In emergency mode, vertical distances are checked for overhead lines with wires with a cross section of less than 185 mm 2 at an average annual temperature without ice and wind. For overhead lines with wires with a cross section of 185 mm 2 or more, distances in emergency mode are not checked.
Table 2.5.33. The smallest distance from the wires of overhead lines when crossing and approaching trolleybus and tram lines
| Intersection or convergence | The smallest distance, m, at voltage VL, kV |
|||
| up to 110 | 150-220 | 330 | 500 |
|
| Vertical distances from overhead lines: | ||||
| a) when crossing with a trolleybus line (in normal mode): | ||||
| to the highest mark of the carriageway | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| b) at the intersection with the tram line (in normal mode): | ||||
| up to the rail head | 9,5 | 10,5 | 11,5 | 11,5 |
| to the wires of the contact network or carrying cables | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| c) when the overhead line wire breaks in the adjacent span to the wires or supporting cables of the trolleybus or tram line | 1 | 2 | 2,5 | - |
| Horizontal distance when approaching from deflected wires of overhead lines to the supports of trolleybus and tram contact networks | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
2.5.153. Protection by arresters or protective gaps at intersections of overhead lines with a contact network is carried out in accordance with the requirements given in 2.5.123 .
It is allowed to keep the supports of the contact network under the wires of the crossing overhead line at vertical distances from the wires of the overhead line to the top of the supports of the contact network at least: 7 m for overhead lines with voltage up to 110 kV, 8 m for overhead lines 150 - 220 kV and 9 m for overhead lines 330 - 500 kV .
INTERCROSSING VL WITH WATER SPACES
2.5.154. When crossing overhead lines with water spaces (rivers, canals, lakes, bays, harbors, etc.), the angle of intersection with them is not standardized.2.5.155. When crossing water spaces with regular navigable traffic, the overhead line supports limiting the crossing span must be anchor end. For overhead lines with a cross section of steel-aluminum wires of 120 mm 2 or more or steel ropes of the TK type with a cross section of 50 mm 2 or more, intermediate supports and lightweight anchor supports are allowed; at the same time, in both cases, the supports adjacent to them must be anchor end.
When using intermediate supports in the span, wires and cables must be attached to them with deaf or special clamps (for example, multi-roller suspensions).
Table 2.5.34. The smallest distance from the wires of the overhead line to the surface of the water, the dimensions of the vessels and the alloy
| Distance | The smallest distance, m, at voltage VL, kV |
||||
| up to 110 | 150 | 220 | 330 | 500 |
|
| To the highest level high waters navigable rivers, canals, etc. at higher temperature | 6 | 6,5 | 7 | 7,5 | 8 |
| Up to the size of ships or rafting at the highest level of high water and highest temperature | 2 | 2,5 | 3 | 3,5 | 4 |
| To the highest level of high waters of non-navigable rivers, canals, etc. at a temperature of plus 15 ° С | 3 | 3,5 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 |
| To the ice level of non-navigable rivers, canals, etc. at a temperature of minus 5 °C in the presence of ice | 6 | 6,5 | 7 | 7,5 | 8 |
For crossings of waterways of local importance with a navigation depth of 1.65 m or less, small rivers with a depth of 1.0 m or less (classes IV-VII according to the navigation conditions) and non-navigable water spaces that are not classified as large crossings, such the same requirements as when passing overhead lines through uninhabited areas, with an additional check of distances to the level of high waters, ice and to the dimensions of ships or alloy according to table. 2.5.34 .
2.5.156. The distances from the lower wires of the overhead line to the surface of the water must be at least those given in Table. 2.5.34 . Estimated levels of ice and water are taken in accordance with 2.5.13 . Heating of overhead lines by electric current is not taken into account.
When passing overhead lines in the immediate vicinity of fixed bridges, where the masts and pipes of vessels floating along the river or canal must be lowered, it is allowed in agreement with local government water transport reduce the distance from the wires of the overhead line to the highest level of high waters given in table. 2.5.34 .
2.5.157. Intersections of overhead lines with navigable rivers, canals, etc. must be marked on the banks with signs in accordance with current rules sailing on inland shipping lanes.
PASSING VL ON BRIDGES
2.5.158. When passing overhead lines along bridges, supports or supporting devices that limit spans from the shore to the bridge and through the draw part of the bridge must be of normal design. All other supporting devices on the bridges may be of the intermediate type with wire fastening by blind clamps or with double fastening on pin insulators.2.5.159. On metal railway bridges with a ride on the bottom, equipped with upper ties throughout, wires can be placed directly above the bridge span above the ties or outside it. It is not allowed to place wires within the limits of the proximity of buildings, as well as within the width occupied by the elements of the contact network of electrified railways. Distances from overhead lines to all MPS lines laid along the bridge structure are taken according to 2.5.142 , as for cramped sections of the route.
On urban and highway bridges, it is allowed to place wires both outside the span and within the width of the pedestrian and carriageway of the bridge.
On guarded bridges, it is allowed to place overhead lines below the level of the pedestrian part.
2.5.160. The smallest distances from the wires of the overhead line to different parts of the bridges should be taken in agreement with the organizations in charge of this bridge, while determining the largest sag of the wires is carried out by comparing the sag at the highest design air temperature and ice.
PASSING VL ON DAMS AND DAMBA
2.5.161. When passing overhead lines along dams, dams, etc. the distances from the wires of the overhead line with the largest sag and the largest deviation to various parts of the dams and dams should be at least those given in table. 2.5.35 .Table 2.5.35. The smallest distance from the wires of overhead lines to various parts of dams and dams
When passing overhead lines along dams and dams along which communication lines are laid, the overhead line must also meet the requirements for overhead lines when crossing and approaching the corresponding objects of communication lines.
The largest sag of the overhead line wires should be determined by comparing the sag at the highest design air temperature and with ice.
APPROXIMATION OF VL WITH WATER COOLERS
2.5.162. The distance from the extreme wires of the overhead line to the water coolers should be determined in accordance with the requirements SNiP II-89-80"General plans industrial enterprises"(ed. 1995) Gosstroy of Russia, as well as with the requirements of the standards process design power plants, substations and overhead power lines.APPROXIMATION OF OHL WITH EXPLOSIVE AND FIRE HAZARDOUS INSTALLATIONS
2.5.163. Rapprochement of overhead lines with buildings, structures and outdoor technological installations associated with the extraction, production, manufacture, use or storage of explosive, explosive and flammable substances, must be carried out in accordance with the standards approved in the prescribed manner.If there are no standards of rapprochement normative documents, then the distances from the axis of the overhead line route to the indicated buildings, structures and outdoor installations must be at least one and a half times the height of the support. On sections of a cramped route, it is allowed to reduce these distances in agreement with the relevant ministries and departments.
INTERSECTION AND CONVERGENCE OF OHL WITH OVERGROUND AND LAND PIPELINES AND CABLEWAYS
2.5.164. The angle of intersection of overhead lines with aboveground and ground gas pipelines, oil pipelines and oil product pipelines is recommended to be taken close to 90 °. The angle of intersection of the overhead line with the rest of the above-ground and ground pipelines, as well as with cable cars, is not standardized.The intersection of overhead lines of 110 kV and above with newly constructed above-ground and ground main gas pipelines, oil pipelines and oil product pipelines is prohibited. It is allowed to intersect these overhead lines with existing single-string aboveground and ground main gas pipelines, oil pipelines and oil product pipelines, as well as with existing technical corridors main pipelines when laying them in an embankment at a distance of 1000 m on both sides of the overhead line.
2.5.165. When crossing overhead lines with above-ground and ground pipelines and cableways, the overhead line supports limiting the crossing span must be anchored with a normal design.
For overhead lines with steel-aluminum wires with a cross section of 120 mm 2 or more or with steel ropes type TK with a cross section of 50 mm 2 and more, lightweight anchor supports and intermediate supports with wire suspension in blind clamps are also allowed.
When splitting the phase into at least three wires, it is allowed to use clamps with limited termination strength.
Table 2.5.36. The shortest distance from the wires of overhead lines to elevated and ground pipelines and cable cars
| Intersection or convergence | The smallest distance, m, at voltage VL, kV |
|||||
| up to 20 | 35-110 | 150 | 220 | 330 | 500 |
|
| Vertical distances: |
||||||
| from the overhead line wire to any part of the pipeline (embankment) or cable car in normal mode | 3 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | 6 | 6,5 |
| the same, but with a wire break in the next span | 1 | 2 | 2,5 | 3 | 4 | - |
| Horizontal distance |
||||||
| 1) with parallel following: | ||||||
| from the extreme wire of the overhead line to any part of the pipeline or cable car (with the exception of the slurry pipeline and the main gas pipeline, oil pipeline and oil product pipeline) in normal mode | Not less than the height of the support |
|||||
| from the extreme wire of the overhead line to any part of the slurry pipeline in normal mode | At least 30 m |
|||||
| from the extreme wire of the overhead line to any part of the main gas pipeline in normal mode | Not less than twice the height of the support |
|||||
| from the extreme wire of the overhead line to any part of the main oil pipeline and oil product pipeline in normal mode | 50 m, but not less than the height of the support |
|||||
| in cramped conditions from the extreme wire of the overhead line with its greatest deviation to any part of the pipeline * or cable car | 3 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | 6 | 6,5 |
| 2) when crossing: | ||||||
| from the overhead line support to any part of the pipeline or cable car in normal mode | Not less than the height of the support |
|||||
| in cramped conditions from the overhead line support to any part of the pipeline or cable car | 3 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | 6 | 6,5 |
| 3) from the overhead line to the purge candles of the gas pipeline | At least 300 m |
|||||
_____________
* Newly constructed main gas pipelines in the area of approach to overhead lines in cramped conditions must meet the requirements for gas pipelines of at least category II.
2.5.166. VL wires should be located above pipelines and cable cars. In exceptional cases, it is allowed to pass overhead lines up to 220 kV under cable cars, which have bridges or nets below to protect overhead lines. Fastening of bridges and grids on overhead line supports is prohibited.
At the intersection with overhead lines, above-ground and ground gas pipelines, except for those laid in an embankment, should be protected by fences. The fence should protrude on both sides of the intersection from the projection of the extreme wires of the overhead line with their greatest deviation at distances of at least: 3 m for overhead lines up to 20 kV, 4 m for overhead lines 35 - 110 kV, 4.5 m for overhead lines 150 kV, 5 m for VL 220 kV, 6 m for VL 330 kV, 6.5 m for VL 500 kV.
Distances from overhead lines to bridges, nets and fences are taken as to above-ground and surface pipelines and cable cars (see. 2.5.167 ).
2.5.167. Distances when crossing, approaching and parallel following overhead lines with above-ground and ground pipelines and cable cars must be at least those given in Table. 2.5.36 .
Vertical distances in normal mode are determined with the largest sag of the wire without taking into account the heating of the wires by electric current.
In emergency mode, distances are checked for overhead lines with wires with a cross section of less than 185 mm 2 at an average annual temperature, without ice and wind. For overhead lines with wires with a cross section of 185 mm 2 or more, a wire break test is not required.
In the districts Western Siberia and the Far North, when the overhead lines of 110 kV and above run in parallel with the technical corridors of the main gas pipelines, oil pipelines and oil product pipelines, the distance from the overhead line to the outermost pipeline must be at least 1000 m.
2.5.168. In spans of intersection with overhead lines, metal pipelines, except those laid in embankments, and cable cars, as well as fences, bridges and grids, must be grounded. The resistance provided by the use of artificial grounding should be no more than 10 ohms.
INTERSECTION AND CONVERGENCE OF VL WITH UNDERGROUND PIPELINES
2.5.169. The angle of intersection of overhead lines of 35 kV and below with underground main gas pipelines, oil pipelines and oil product pipelines, as well as the angle of intersection of overhead lines with other underground pipelines, is not standardized.The intersection angle of 110 kV overhead lines and above with newly constructed underground gas pipelines, oil pipelines and oil product pipelines, as well as with the existing technical corridors of these pipelines, must be at least 60 °. At the same time, newly constructed pipelines laid in the regions of Western Siberia and the Far North, at a distance of 1 km on both sides of the intersection, must be at least category II.
2.5.170. When approaching overhead lines with existing and newly constructed main gas pipelines with a pressure of more than 1.2 MPa and main oil pipelines and oil product pipelines, the distances between them must be at least those given in 2.5.105 .
VL wires should be located no closer than 300 m from the purge candles installed on the main gas pipelines.
In cramped conditions of the route when the overhead line runs in parallel, as well as at the intersection of the overhead line with the indicated pipelines, horizontal distances from the ground electrode and the underground part (foundation) of the overhead line supports to the pipelines are allowed at least: 5 m for overhead lines up to 35 kV, 10 m for overhead lines 110 - 220 kV and 15 m for VL 330 - 500 kV.
Newly constructed main gas pipelines with a pressure of more than 1.2 MPa in the areas of approach to overhead lines when they are laid at distances less than those given in 2.5.105 must meet the requirements for sections, gas pipelines not lower than category II for 500 kV overhead lines and not lower Category III for overhead lines 330 kV and below.
Newly constructed main oil pipelines and oil product pipelines in areas of approach to overhead lines when they are laid at distances less than those given in 2.5.105 must meet the requirements for sections of pipelines not lower than category III. In the regions of Western Siberia and the Far North, when the overhead lines of 110 kV and higher run in parallel with the technical corridors of the main gas pipelines, oil pipelines and oil product pipelines, the distance from the overhead line to the extreme pipeline should be at least 1 km.
2.5.171. When approaching and crossing overhead lines with main and distribution gas pipelines with a pressure of 1.2 MPa or less, as well as when approaching and crossing branches from main gas pipelines to settlements and industrial enterprises and with branches from oil pipelines and oil product pipelines to oil depots and enterprises, the distance from the ground electrode and the underground part (foundations) of the overhead line supports to the pipelines must be at least: 5 m for overhead lines up to 35 kV, 10 m for overhead lines 110 kV and above.
2.5.172. When approaching and crossing overhead lines with heat pipelines, water supply, sewage (pressure and gravity), drains and drains, the clear distances from the ground electrode and the underground part (foundations) of the overhead line supports to pipelines must be at least 2 m for overhead lines up to 35 kV and 3 m for VL 110 kV and above.
In exceptional cases, if it is impossible to maintain the specified distances to pipelines (for example, when passing overhead lines through the territories of power plants, industrial enterprises, along city streets), these distances can be reduced in agreement with interested organizations. At the same time, it is necessary to provide for the protection of the foundations of the overhead line supports from possible undermining of the foundations in case of damage to these pipelines, as well as to prevent the removal of hazardous potentials through metal pipelines.
CONVERGENCE OF VL WITH OIL AND GAS FLAMERS
2.5.173. When approaching oil and gas field flares, the overhead line should be located on the windward side. The distance from the overhead line to the field torches should be at least 60 m.APPROXIMATION OF OVERHEADLINES WITH AIRROMES
2.5.174. Approximation of overhead lines with airfields and airways is allowed in agreement with the territorial administration of civil aviation, with the headquarters of the military district, with the department of the ministry or department in charge of the airfield or airport, when the overhead line is located at distances: up to 10 km from the borders of the airfield - with supports any height; more than 10 and up to 30 km from the borders of the aerodrome - with the absolute mark of the upper point of the overhead lines exceeding the absolute mark of the aerodrome by 50 m or more; more than 30 and up to 75 km from the boundaries of airfields and on air routes - with a height of supports of 100 m or more.- "Rules for the installation of overhead power lines with a voltage of 6 - 20 kV with protected wires (PU VLZ 6 - 20 kV)" (approved by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation)
13. Intersection and convergence of overhead lines with each other, with overhead lines (VLI) up to 1 kV, with overhead lines above 1 kV
13.1. The angle of intersection of the overhead line with each other, with overhead lines of all voltage classes, as well as with overhead lines up to 1 kV, is not standardized.
The intersection point should be chosen as close as possible to the support of the upper (intersecting) VLZ (VL). At the same time, the horizontal distance from the support of the upper (crossing) VLZ (VL) to the wires of the lower (intersected) VLZ, VL 6 - 20 kV with bare wires or VL up to 1 kV (VLI up to 1 kV) with their greatest deviation should be at least 6.0 m. The horizontal distance from the support of the lower (crossed) overhead line to the wires of the upper (crossed) overhead line up to 400 kV must be at least 5 m. For overhead lines of 500 kV and above, the indicated distances must be at least 10 m.
It is allowed to keep the supports of the crossed overhead lines under the wires of the crossing overhead lines, if the vertical distance from the wires of the crossing overhead line to the top of the crossed overhead line is 4 m more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in 2.5.121 PUE-98.
It is allowed to intersect VLZ with each other, with VL 3 - 20 kV and with VL (VLI) up to 1 kV on a common support.
13.2. When crossing VLZ with VL (VLZ, VLI), anchor supports should be used. It is allowed to use intermediate supports with reinforced fastening of wires on the crossing VLZ.
Single-column wooden supports of the crossing overhead line must be with reinforced concrete attachments; it is allowed to use single-column wooden supports without attachments. Raised wooden supports are allowed to be used as an exception with wooden attachments.
13.3. Higher voltage power line wires should generally be located above lower voltage power line wires.
13.4. The distance between the nearest wires of the crossing and crossing transmission lines is 6 - 20 kV at an ambient temperature of plus 15 degrees. C without wind must be at least 1.5 m, provided that one of them is made with protected wires.
13.5. In the crossing span, the distance between the nearest wires of the crossing overhead line and the crossed overhead line is up to 1 kV at an ambient temperature of +15 degrees. C must be at least 1 m.
13.6. When crossing an overhead line with an overhead line of 35 kV and above, the distance between the nearest wires of intersecting power lines on metal and reinforced concrete poles, as well as on wooden poles in the presence of lightning protection devices at an ambient temperature of plus 15 degrees. C without wind must not be less than those given in 2.5.121 PUE-98.
13.7. When determining the distances between the wires of intersecting power lines, one should take into account the possibility of lightning damage to both power lines and take the distances for a more unfavorable case, if the upper overhead line is protected by cables, then only the possibility of hitting the lower overhead line is taken into account.
13.8. On the VLZ supports that limit the crossing spans, arresters or surge arresters should be installed on both intersecting lines.
It is allowed to use protective gaps or arc protection devices on VLZ equipped with automatic reclosing instead of arresters.
When the distance from the intersection to the nearest supports of intersecting power lines is less than 40 m, lightning protection devices are installed only on these supports.
Installation of lightning protection devices on the crossing supports is not required in the cases provided for in 2.5.122 PUE-98.
13.9. The resistance of grounding devices for arresters, surge arresters, protective gaps and arc protection devices should not exceed those specified in 2.5.75 PUE-98.
13.10. With parallel passage and convergence of overhead lines and overhead lines up to 20 kV, the horizontal distances between them must be at least those indicated in Table. 13.1.
Table 13.1
SMALLEST HORIZONTAL DISTANCE BETWEEN OHL
AND FROM VLZ TO OHL WITH VOLTAGE UP TO 20 KV
13.11. With parallel passage and approach of an overhead line with an overhead line with a voltage of 35 kV and above, the horizontal distances must be at least those given in 2.5.123 PUE-98.
2.5.119. The angle of intersection of overhead lines above 1 kV between themselves and with overhead lines up to 1 kV is not standardized.The intersection point should be chosen as close as possible to the support of the upper (crossing) overhead line; however, the horizontal distance from this support to the wires of the lower (crossed) overhead line with the greatest deviation of the wires must be at least 6 m, and from the supports of the lower (intersected) overhead line to the wires of the upper (crossed) overhead line - at least 5 m. For anchor supports of 500 kV overhead lines, the indicated distances must be at least 10 m (see also).
In some cases, it is allowed to cross overhead lines on a support.
Table 2.5.25.
The smallest distance between wires or between wires and cables of intersecting overhead lines on metal and reinforced concrete poles, as well as on wooden poles in the presence of lightning protection devices
| span length | The smallest distance, m, at the distance from the intersection to the nearest overhead line support, m | |||||
| VL, m | 30 | 50 | 70 | 100 | 120 | 150 |
| When crossing overhead lines 500 - 330 kV between themselves and with overhead lines of lower voltage | ||||||
| up to 200 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5,5 | - | - |
| 300 | 5 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | 6,5 | 7 |
| 450 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | 7 | 7,5 | 8 |
| When crossing overhead lines 220 - 150 kV between themselves and with overhead lines of lower voltage | ||||||
| up to 200 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - |
| 300 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 |
| 450 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6,5 | 7 |
| When crossing overhead lines 110 - 20 kV with each other and with overhead lines of lower voltage | ||||||
| up to 200 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | - | - |
| 300 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | - |
| When crossing a 10 kV overhead line between each other and with a lower voltage overhead line | ||||||
| Up to 100 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| 150 | 2 | 2,5 | 2,5 | - | - | - |
When determining the distances between the wires of intersecting overhead lines, one should take into account the possibility of lightning strike both overhead lines and take the distances for a more unfavorable case. If the upper overhead line is protected by cables, then the possibility of hitting only the lower overhead line is taken into account.
It is allowed to keep the supports of the crossed overhead lines up to 110 kV under the wires of the crossing overhead lines, if the vertical distance from the wires of the crossing overhead line to the top of the support of the crossed overhead line is 4 m more than the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table.
Table 2.5.26.
The smallest horizontal distance between overhead lines
* When 500 kV overhead lines approach each other and with lower voltage overhead lines - the height of the highest support, but not less than 50 m.
On overhead lines of 35 kV and below, it is allowed to use protective gaps instead of tubular arresters. At the same time, automatic re-closing should be provided for the overhead line. Protective gaps on single-column and A-shaped supports with wooden traverses are made in the form of one grounding slope and end with bandages at a distance of 75 cm (along the tree) from the attachment point of the lower insulator. On U- and AP-shaped supports, grounding slopes are laid along the posts of the U-shaped face of the support to the traverse.
If the distance from the intersection to the nearest supports of intersecting overhead lines is not more than 40 m, arresters or protective gaps are installed only on the nearest supports.
The installation of tubular arresters and protective gaps is not required for:
VL with metal and reinforced concrete supports;
Overhead lines with wooden poles at distances between wires of overhead lines intersecting with each other and with overhead lines of lower voltages, not less than: 7 m at a voltage of 330-500 kV, 6 m at a voltage of 150-220 kV, 5 m at a voltage of 35-110 kV, 4 m at a voltage of 3-20 kV.
The resistance of grounding devices for tubular arresters and protective gaps should be no more than those indicated in Table.
