Ants (Fig. 1) live on all continents except Antarctica. They live in families. The ant family can number from several hundred to millions of individuals. It depends on the species. They also differ in size - from the smallest (about 2 mm) to giants (2-3 cm).
Ant families build their houses in the ground, in wood, under stones, some on trees (Fig. 2), and some roam, that is, they move.
Rice. 2. Anthill ()
An ordinary red ant is probably familiar to you. You have all met their nests - anthills, which can be up to 1 meter high. But this is only the visible part, the hidden part is in the ground and may be even larger than the outer one (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. The device of the anthill
There are always a lot of passages and chambers in anthills. It's not just a house, it's a whole city. In such a nest there is one or more female queens, the main task which consists in laying eggs to replenish the population of the anthill. Young females are winged and shed their wings after mating. Many species of ants are known, but there is not a single one that would lead a solitary lifestyle.
Most of the population of the anthill are workers who do all the work. They build, repair the nest, ventilate it, wrap it around it, take care of the larvae and pupae, and store food.
Soldier ants protect the anthill from enemies. There can be several thousand of them in the nest.
In rainforests, where floods are frequent, ants live in trees. Tailor ants make the most amazing nests; they build hanging houses from leaves (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. An anthill on a tree
Ants are very poor eyesight but they have a highly developed sense of smell and touch. These organs are located on the antennae of ants. With them, they feel all objects, distinguish between their own and others, and also find their way to their anthill.
Many animals store food for future use, and ants know how to do housework, they have pets and mushroom gardens. Ants are the only creatures other than humans that have pets.
The most valuable for ants are their "cows", aphids (Fig. 5).
Aphids suck plant sap and process it into a sweet syrup. This is the syrup that ants love. Having approached the aphid, the ant tickles its belly with its antennae, milks the aphid, and it immediately releases a drop of syrup, licking it off, the ant hurries home with the burden, where it is deposited in the pantry. Ants do not leave their "cows" unattended. They protect them from enemies, walk them when the sun is shining, build shelters for them and hide them.
More than a hundred known various kinds ants breeding mushrooms. These are leaf cutter ants. They cut pieces of leaves, take them to the nest, chew and grow special molds on this mass. Such ants are capable of harming plantings, as they gnaw on leaves, buds and flowers.
There are reaper ants that feed only on seeds. They know how to harvest plant seeds and grind them into flour.
Ants are very hardworking creatures. They bring great benefits to the forest. In 12 hours, ants can bring 33,000 harmful caterpillars into their home. Therefore, where there are anthills, the forest is healthy and clean.
There are ants in the world that do not know how to work, but can only fight. These are Amazon ants. They are quite large, their length is about 1 cm. They kidnap the pupae of ants of other species and then use them as labor force. Amazon soldiers are not even able to feed themselves, so in order to do the job they are forced to recruit labor force- slaves.
There are dangerous ants, nomad ants. They are called vagrants, army ants, because their colony can contain thousands of ants. They do not build nests, but constantly roam and arrange halts so that their queen will lay thousands of eggs. When the offspring emerge from the eggs, the army continues on its way, instilling fear in everyone. Ants carefully raise their larvae and continue their movement, attacking any creature that got in their way.
Fire ants are considered one of the most dangerous. They inflict very painful bites that feel like burns. The poison they inject causes strong allergic reactions that can lead to death.
Pharaoh ants live in human houses. They were first discovered in the tombs of the Egyptian pharaohs, but gradually spread throughout the world. These uninvited guests cause a lot of trouble by eating people's food.
Ants are one of the longest living insects. Workers can live from 1 to 5 years, queens - from 15 to 20 years. Thus, an anthill, in which young queens replace old ones, can stand in one place for more than one hundred years.
Ants secrete a caustic liquid called formic acid. A person uses this acid to treat certain diseases. The inhabitants of Mexico know how to extract honey from ants, which are called honey ants. These insects drink the juice of sweet oak. They store juice in their abdomen. They feed them to the larvae. It tastes like bee honey.
Probably, in every home there is such an important product as honey. Honey is taken from bee hives (Fig. 7), where it is stored in wax cells, honeycombs. Honey is made by bees (fig. 6).
There are also many types of bees on earth. They live almost everywhere except Antarctica. Some bees live independently, others live together. By the specific smell, bees distinguish their own from strangers. Bees feed on nectar and pollen from plants.
Honey is given to us by bees. They are called honey bees. Each hive has its own queen bee. This is the most big bee only she lays eggs. Other bees are workers. They take care of order, construction. The queen lives up to 5 years, and worker bees - only 5 weeks in summer and up to six months in winter. There are also drones, these are males that appear in the family just before swarming (Fig. 8). They differ from worker bees in their large eyes and thickness.
Swarming is the division of a bee colony for reproduction and the formation of a new colony.
The hive is filled with combs, which are divided into cells (Fig. 9). Some of them serve as a nursery, where the larvae grow, the other - pantries. Honey is the winter food of bees, because in winter they do not sleep, and plants do not bloom at this time of the year. For this, the bees work all summer, and these reserves are enough for both them and humans.
Among the bees there are scouts who are looking for new sources of food. If they are lucky, they use a special dance that tells them how far to fly for the nectar.
A working honey bee is easy to recognize - it is always on the move, flying from flower to flower, crawling along the flower, trying to gain more on the hairs covering its body. From them, she cleans pollen into baskets from her hind legs. A bee is able to carry a load exceeding its weight by more than 300 times.
So, bees and ants work diligently and harmoniously, and a person has a lot to learn from them.
Bibliography
- Samkova V.A., Romanova N.I. The world around 1. - M .: Russian word.
- Pleshakov A.A., Novitskaya M.Yu. The world around 1. - M .: Education.
- Gin A.A., Faer S.A., Andrzheevskaya I.Yu. The world around 1. - M .: VITA-PRESS.
- The festival pedagogical ideas "Public lesson" ().
- Detishka.ru ().
Homework
- Draw an ant and a bee. What features of their structure did you notice?
- Compare the lifestyle of an ant and a bee. How are they similar? What is the difference?
- *Ask your parents to show you an anthill in the forest and an apiary. What impressed you the most? Discuss this with your classmates.
Many species of highly developed insects (termites, bees, ants, wasps) live in complex communities. They have such a well-organized organization that sometimes they resemble a "superorganism" that is powered by a queen queen.
BIG FAMILIES
In numerous "states" of insects, which form termites, ants, some species of bees and wasps, each member of the community - the uterus, workers, soldiers and drones - performs its own, clearly regulated function. Such a division of labor is the main condition for the existence of the colony. Individuals of such a community are so dependent on each other that they can no longer exist independently. For example, worker termites are guarded by well-armed soldiers who are unable to survive without workers, since they cannot get food on their own and depend on workers to feed them. In turn, workers and soldiers are not able to reproduce. The function of reproduction lies on the uterus , around which the colony is formed. The queen lives inside the nest, she is fed by workers, and soldiers protect. All bees of one colony, and there may be about 80,000 of them, are descendants of one queen and older sisters to newborn individuals. They are all genetic twins, therefore have a highly developed social instinct.
FORMATION OF A COLONY
In autumn, with the onset of cold weather, all individuals of the wasp colony die, with the exception of fertilized queens. Shortly before the nest disappears, several sexually mature pairs appear in the colony of wasps, which fly away and mate. Males soon die, and females, feeling the approach of winter, hide in warm places. In the spring, the fertilized queens come out of their shelters and each of them builds a nest from wood treated with special enzymes, consisting of 10-12 hexagonal cells. Eggs are placed in these cells of the uterus. The queen queen feeds the larvae with gruel from semi-digested insects. The larvae grow rapidly and soon turn into sterile worker wasps. After the birth of workers, the queen no longer does any economic affairs, she only lays eggs, and the workers build new cells, take care of the eggs and grow larvae. social system some species of ants and termites are somewhat more difficult. Worker ants are divided into several castes, depending on the work they perform. Some, for example, have the task of spraying enemies with formic acid, that is, waging a kind of "chemical war", while others are delivering nectar to the warehouse. Termite larvae are miniature copies of adults. Soldiers develop from them, which have powerful jaws or a stinging apparatus that secretes a sticky substance that can become a trap for enemies.Termite workers and soldiers are wingless and blind individuals.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
In most insect species, with the exception of the breeding season, there is no need for communication. In social insects, on the contrary, communication between members of the colony is vital. Some species have developed a perfect system for transmitting information. Body language is often used for this. For example, honey bees, with the help of a special dance, very accurately inform their fellow tribesmen along the hive about the way to the place where, according to them, there is a source of nectar. Ants use a different method. Having found a significant source of food, they return to the anthill, leaving behind a persistent odorous trail. Other ants, following this path, also leave their odorous marks, which is a guide for the rest of the colony. Pheromones play a very important role in the life of all types of social insects. Hungry larvae secrete a special substance that is the signal "feed me". The uterus secretes its pheromones and thus sends its own signal to the workers, reminding them of their duties. At certain intervals, the workers exchange glandular secretions with the queen, and thus a close relationship is maintained between them A community of many insects that has lost a queen is doomed to death: insects do not know what to do, for example, workers stop working.Worker bees, left without a queen, can grow a new one: for this they build special cells and feed the larvae with special food.
termites
The social structure of termites is made up of three types of insects: the uterus (queen), soldiers and workers.
Uterus: lives in the center of the colony. She has a large body with hypertrophied ovaries (up to 10 cm long) that constantly produce eggs - many millions of eggs throughout her life. The winged male who fertilized the female dies. The queen lives for about 10 years.
soldiers: large and darker than workers, with large heads and extremely strong jaws. They guard and protect the colony from enemies.
workers: small, soft-bodied insects white color. They build a nest and maintain order in it. Unlike other social insects, worker termites come in both sexes.
Ants
Almost all ant species are social insects. They live in anthills.
Uterus: its only task is to take care of procreation, to lay eggs.
workers: wingless sterile males up to 30 mm long. They take care of the queen, larvae, build and repair the anthill. If the anthill is attacked by enemies and there is no one to "fight", then the workers defend the colony.
soldiers: Like workers, they are wingless and barren, but somewhat larger, with large heads and powerful jaws. Their task is to protect the anthill from enemies.
bees
Bees live in communities of up to 60,000 insects.
Uterus: the only one in the entire colony. The queen manages the hive and lays eggs. It has no organs to collect pollen, so workers feed it.
workers: collect pollen and nectar from flowers, feed juveniles, queen bee, drones and guard the colony. They build honeycombs, consisting of regular hexagonal cells, which are a storehouse for honey and an incubator for eggs. Worker bees communicate information to each other about food-rich places with the help of a special dance, accurately indicating the distance to them and the direction of flight.
Drones: their only purpose is the fertilization of the uterus. Drones are fed by worker bees. After mating, they die.
wasps
Some public views wasps live in large colonies. Unlike bees and termites, the nest is used only for one summer. In autumn, all wasps die out. Only fertilized founding females hibernate and build a new nest in spring. Wasp nests are built from cellulose - pieces of wood mixed with saliva.
Insects living in a single community: ants, wasps, bees and termites have always aroused special interest and surprise among people. This is reflected in numerous myths, legends and traditions. AT ancient Greek mythology Ants were the symbol of the goddess Demeter. And one of the most ancient images found in Europe turned out to be the Queen of the Hive. Social insects play a critical role in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Wasps and most of the ants act as predators, termites, especially in tropical ecosystems, as the most important destroyers of plant residues, and social bees are pollinators of many wild and cultivated plants and manufacturers of medicinal products.
Hierarchical intra-family ties and complex structures of interaction between community members still attract the close attention of scientists. To solve a riddle collective mind Humanity has tried animals since ancient times, and judging by the fact that our ancestors used images of insects for the image of gods, it indicates that this secret was understood by them and actively used to control human communities.
What is the essence of this natural phenomenon? What is going on?
BEES - PUBLIC INSECTS. In the world of animals with Nikolai Drozdov. Video (00:04:59)
Nests of social insects: bees, wasps and ants. Video (00:45:14)
The accumulation of mosquitoes or butterflies that you may observe are temporary, as these insects can live alone. But there are species of insects that exist only because individual individuals live in organized communities - colonies (families). Such insects are called social. How are their colonies organized?
To public insects (Fig. 26.1) include termites, ants, some types of bees, wasps, bumblebees. In the colony, there is always a uterus (queen) - a fertile female. The queen of Utermites always has a "wife" (king) who lives with her. Many sterile offspring form a caste of workers. In bees, it consists of females, and in termites, among the workers, there are both females and males. How are responsibilities distributed among the members of the colony?
The uterus is "responsible" for the continuation of the genus, therefore it continuously lays eggs. They develop into sterile workers, and capable of breeding males, and females - future queens. Usually the uterus lives longer than its barren offspring: bees - up to 5 years, ants - 6-7 years, termites - over 20 years. In hymenoptera, males (tinder or bees) do not live long in the family, they fly away to meet fertile females from other families and fertilize them.
Workers perform all duties to ensure the "life" of the family and its protection. They build a nest with chambers for eggs and larvae, clean it, protect approaches to the nest, and destroy enemies that have entered it. Workers who find food sources, collect it, carry it to the house (Fig. 26.2), are called foragers. They feed the queen and larvae until they turn into pupae. material from the site
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| Rice. 26.2. Foraging ants with prey |
A worker bee usually performs one type of work, then another, depending on her age. In ants and termites, the caste of workers is divided from the very beginning of their lives into soldiers and foragers. Soldiers protect the nest, wage territorial wars, but they themselves cannot find food. The physique of insect foragers and insect soldiers is different: the soldiers have adaptations for defense and attack.
Each member of the colony has a program of instinctive behavior that determines his duties. Members of the colony cannot live independently, the reproduction of such insects is possible only with the presence of a family, therefore the existence of their species depends on the well-being of the colony.
On this page, material on the topics:
Lesson on the topic "Bees and ants are social insects"
Target:
- highlight the structural features of the honey bee and ant in connection with the social way of life;
Show the role in nature and significance in human life; prove the need to protect these insects;
- broaden the horizons of students.
Teaching methods : reproductive, search, research, method of collective decision making
Lesson type: learning new material.
Form of organization of classes : educational project.
Project typology : information - research, short-term.
Equipment: multimedia projector, presentation "Bees and ants - social insects, books, handouts, didactic cards.
Form of organization of work in the classroom : class-lesson, group, individual.
Lesson content:
I . Organizing time (Mutual greeting of students and teachers, fixing absentees, checking students' readiness for the lesson)
Call stage:
Before telling the topic of today's lesson, I will give you riddles, and you must guess what the lesson will be about.
1. I smell like summer and pollen.
I'm flying to the flowers with a bullet.
But I am very angry.
To the one who climbs into the hive!
2. In the meadow near the trees The house is built from needles. He is not visible behind the grass, And it has a million residents.
II .Preparation for the main stage of assimilation educational material . Activation of basic knowledge and skills.
- In previous lessons, we began to study the most numerous type of animals - the Arthropod type.What are the signs of this type seen in bees and ants? (listen to children's responses).
Jointed limbs
The presence of chitinous cover.
To which class would you classify these animals?
(to the class of insects).
As you already understood, the heroes of our lesson will bebees and ants.
In view of the fact that there is a lot of information about these insects, we will study this topic as part of the project.
Project goals:
To study the systematic position of the honey bee and ant;
study the structure of a honey bee;
study polymorphism in the hive and anthill; find similarities and differences;
to study the importance of bees and ants in nature and human life; protection of insects;
study the history of beekeeping;
to conclude why bees and ants are classified as social animals;
present our project.
III .Stages of work on the project.
1. 3 groups of students are formed:
Each group receives an instructional map on which a plan for studying the topic area is printed. Answer sheets.
Today's lesson will be done in groups.
"Theorists", 2 "Beekeepers", 3 "Biologists".
The request to group members to remember the rules of work in the group, to observe the time.
On the group work 20 minutes are allotted, the speaker's speech time is 3-4 minutes.
Please get started by reviewing the instructional map.
I wish you good luck.
Instructive card "THEORETICS"
Target: study the systematic position of the honey bee and ant, find out their significance in nature and human life, and propose measures for the protection of insects.
1. The systematic position of the bee and ant.
2. External structure bees:
Consider in more detail the structure of the worker bee in Fig. 1 (reference material) and answer the questions?
What parts is the body of a bee divided into?
How many pairs of wings?
How many pairs of legs?
What are the sensory organs on the bee's head?
Features in the structure of the hind legs. What do you think they are for?
3. What is the importance of bees and ants in nature and human life.
4. Suggest measures to protect insects.
5. Conclude why bees and ants are called social insects?
Instructional map "Beekeepers"
Target: study the history of beekeeping.
1. Where could we find out the information that the bee has become a human pet from time immemorial?
3. What bee products paid tribute, taxes and taxes?
4. What did the ancient Slavs use instead of sugar, and what did they use for light?
5. What was the name of ancient beekeeping?
6. What did the Ukrainian landowner Pyotr Ivanovich Prokopovich invent in 1814?
7. Draw a conclusion that reflects the importance of bees in nature and human life.
Instructive card "Biologists"
Target: study polymorphism in the hive and anthill; find similarities and differences.
Theoretical part.
1. Polymorphism of the bee colony.
2. Polymorphism of the ant family.
3. What is called swarming? What is its biological role?
Practical part.
Using the material of the textbook pages 135-136 and reference material, fill in the table"Polymorphism of bees and ants"
Signs of comparison.
Polymorphism of bees and ants
Uterus
bees
Uterus
ant
Drone
male ant
worker bee
worker ants
1. Body measurements.
l = 18-20 mmm = 0.25 g
Up to 50 mm
l = 15-16 mmm = 0.2 g
Up to 50 mm
l = 12-14 mmm = 0.1 g
2 mm
2. The number of individuals in the family.
1
2 or more
Several
dozens
From several tens to several hundreds
70 000
From a few tens to a million
3. Terms of life.
Up to 5 years
12-20 years old
1 season
Several days, weeks
1 season
Up to 3 years
4. Features of the structure.
Large bee, long pointed abdomen; associated with its reproductive function
similar to workers, but differ from them in the structure of the chest and larger sizes. They have wings that bite off themselves after fertilization
bee medium size with very large eyes , touching at the back of the head,the abdomen is rounded
Develop from unfertilized eggs, have wings
on the hind legs baskets , on the abdomen of the mirror, expansion of the esophagus - honey goiter; at the end of the abdomenthe sting
Females with an underdeveloped reproductive system , They have no wings, a simplified chest structure, eyes smaller than those of females, or absent.
5. Functions performed.
Pairing
and laying eggs
mating
And laying eggs
Fertilization
females
Fertilization of the female
Cleaning cells, feeding the queen and larvae, building combs, scouting, gathering food, protecting the hive.
Caring for the family (Guards, "nannies", cleaning the nest, etc.)
Answer the questions?
1. Give the concept of polymorphism?
2. Draw a conclusion what is the polymorphism in bees and ants, what is it connected with.
2.Search for information.
Students are encouraged to find answers to the questions indicated in the instruction card. Students work with a textbook, additional literature.
3. Information processing .
Students in groups fill out answer cards, prepare a presentation - the defense of the project, and determine a speaker from their group.
4. Project protection.
Representatives of each group present their work, talk about their achievements, draw conclusions:
1. The bee and its metabolic products are of great practical importance. But the most great importance The activity of bees is manifested in the pollination of plants.
2. A bee family consists of a queen, drones and worker bees. Responsibilities are divided among them in the family.
4. Features of the structure of the worker bee are associated with its "professional" duties.
5. The bee and the ant are "social" insects with complex instinctive behavior, in their caring care for the "baby", in the expediency of the division of labor between family members, in their amazing building art
IV . Homework.
Choice tasks:
Prepare messages about the silkworm
Silk production
Insects listed in the Red Book.
V . Lesson summary and reflection.
Guys, you've done a great job.
I make my comment. And I propose to briefly answer the questions
What is your mood?
Please continue the sentence
It was interesting to me…
We figured it out today...
Today I realized that...
It was difficult for me...
Tomorrow I want to go to class...
Social and domesticated insects
Most insects lead a solitary lifestyle. However, there is alsosocial insects . These includetermites, bumblebees, wasps, bees, ants . The community of these insects is one big extended family. Social insects share food with each other, take care of the larvae together, and guard the nest.
Bees and ants are social insects
bees.The social insects arehoney bee . A large family of bees has up to 100 thousand individuals that live in a hive. Most of the insects in the hiveworkers bees. These are infertile females in which a modified ovipositor serves assting . They clean the hive, collect nectar, take care of the queen and larvae, protect the hive from enemies. They live one warm season (less than a year). In a bee family, the main bee isuterus , which lays eggs - up to 2000 per day. The queen is larger than the worker bees. She lives for about five years. In the spring, in May - June, a new queen and several dozen males appear from the pupae in the bee colony, which are calleddrones: they do not take any part in the work, and their main task is the fertilization of the uterus. In autumn, the worker bees drive the remaining drones out of the hive and they die.
All care about the hive lies with the worker bees: growing up, each worker bee changes several "professions". She builds combs, cleans cells, feeds larvae, takes food from incoming bees and distributes it in the hive, ventilates the hive, guards it, and finally begins to fly out of the hive for nectar. Bees communicate with each other in the same way as ants - with the help of touch and excreted substances.
However, only bees have a "language of dance". With the help of special body movements and movements, one bee can tell others where the nectar-rich flowering plants . The scout bee "dances" in the hive on the combs.
On the bottom side The abdomen of the worker bee contains special glands that secretewax . From it, bees, thanks to complex instincts, buildhoneycomb . On the hind legs of bees there are areas surrounded by long chitinous hairs - baskets. The bees crawl over the flowers, and the pollen falls on the hairs of the insect's body. Then the bee cleans the pollen into the basket with the help of special brushes on the paws of the legs. Soon a ball of pollen is formed there - a pollen, which the bee transfers to the hive.Perga - Pollen impregnated with honey - serves as a reserve of protein food for the bee colony.
Worker bees have a peculiar expansion of the esophagus -honey goiter . From the nectar collected from the flowers, which passed through the honey goiter, the main food supply of the bee family is formed -honey . Cells are filled with honey, which the bees cover with a thin wax layer. For a year, up to 100 kg of honey can be obtained from one bee family.
Although man has been breeding bees for a long time, collapsible frame hives were invented relatively recently - in 1814 by the Ukrainian beekeeper P. I. Prokopovich. Prior to this, in order to extract honey from a bee nest, which, as a rule, was located in a hollowed-out log of a tree, it was necessary to break the honeycomb, that is, to ruin the bee colony. The surviving swarm of bees can live independently, without human help. This indicates that bees are not yet fully domesticated.
Ants- social hymenoptera. They do not have a sting, but a poisonous gland has been preserved, thanks to which they can protect themselves from enemies. Red forest ants are of great benefit to the forest. Ants of one anthill eat tens of thousands of insects per day and protect the forest on an area of 0.2 hectares from pests. They live in families.
The anthill consists of aboveground and underground parts. Most of the ants living in the anthill are wingless working individuals - these are barren females. Their number sometimes reaches a million. In addition to them, a queen lives in an anthill. She doesn't have wings either. She breaks them off after the nuptial flight. All her life she lays eggs, and all the care of the anthill lies with the worker ants. They forage, repair and clean the anthill, feed the larvae and the queen, defend the anthill in case of attack by enemies. Once a year, at the beginning of summer, winged females and males appear from pupae in the anthill, which go on a mating flight. After mating, the males die, and the females shed their wings and found a new anthill. They can also get into the anthill in which their development took place.
Most ants are predators. Some feed on the sweet secretions of aphids. For this, ants guard, "graze"these insects that feed on plants, and sometimes build shelters for them. Other species of ants breed mushrooms in underground chambers for their food, bringing crushed plant leaves for this. There are herbivorous ants.
Ants communicate by touching each other with their antennae, legs, and head. In addition, they have a "chemical language" - they secrete special substances with which they mark their paths. By smell, ants recognize relatives and enemies.
FROM the false behavior of social insects is called instinctive because instinct - a set of innate moments of behavior, fixed hereditarily and characteristic certain kind animals. The behavior of bees, ants, and some other animals is so amazing and complex that it leads many people to believe that it is intelligent. However, these actions of animals are instinctive, unconscious.
domesticated insects
There is only one completelydomesticated insect , not found in nature in the wild, -silkworm ; females of this species even "forgot how" to fly. An adult insect is a thick butterfly with whitish wings with a span of up to 6 cm. The caterpillars of this silkworm eat only mulberry leaves, or mulberries.
Scientists suggest that in the wild, the ancestor of the silkworm lived in the foothills of the Himalayas. The butterfly was domesticated in China around 3,000 BC. e. Nowadays, this insect is completely domesticated. It is bred in China, Japan, the countries of Indochina, in Southern Europe, South America, Central Asia and the Caucasus - where the mulberry tree can grow. There are several dozen breeds of silkworms, differing in length, strength and color of the silk thread they produce.
Silkworm females lay eggs (each female - up to 600 eggs), which are calledgrenay . Caterpillars emerge from them. These caterpillars are fed with mulberry leaves in special rooms on the aft shelves. When pupating, each caterpillar viet for three days.
