Lighter description. Lighters Zippo - detailed description - Learta. Souvenir lighter is the best gift for a business partner

Fireplaces are installed in apartments with a large area, but most often they are used in private estates. In order to set it on fire and not get injured, it is best to use a fireplace lighter.

Benefits of using

Fireplace electric lighters

Safe operation of the fireplace requires the use of special devices for ignition of the flame. Fireplace matches have been used for a long time, however, rare items have been replaced by fireplace lighters.

Their operation is much safer than the usual way of making fire.

Benefits of using devices:

• comfort;
• functionality;
• wide range of uses.

Varieties of models

Fireplace lighter is of two types:

• gas;
• electric.

Models gas appliances for ignition are made of an aluminum case, inside of which there is compressed gas. Ignition occurs with the help of electricity.

All you need to do is press the power button. Such devices can be used not only for a fireplace, but also on a hike, in the country.

Electrical appliances are flameless. Work happens from the accumulator. They are either wireless or connected to a power source.

You need to turn it on directly in the furnace. Then a fire occurs. The required voltage for the device is 220 volts.

How does a piezo lighter work. What is inside.

Applications

All devices for ignition are made on the basis of the basic safety requirements for structures.

Therefore, the devices are made of material that is resistant to high temperatures. Also needed long handle so as not to burn your hands.

Also, manufacturers create various designs and shapes of devices. Many of them can be filled several times.

The main advantage of a fireplace lighter is the comfort of its use.

Made of aluminum alloy, the devices will last a long time. Main areas of application:

• Lighting a fire in a fireplace. The safety and simplicity of the accessory allows it to be used even by teenagers. Convenient length and buttons allow you to keep your hands away from the flame at a great distance.
• BBQ, hiking, picnics. The advantage is that weather conditions cannot affect the fire.

Main manufacturers

A large number of manufacturers and stores offer to purchase fireplace lighters at affordable price from 150 rubles and more.

• The Mig company presents to the attention of buyers a gas lighter with a ceramic piezoelectric element. The main advantages of the model are flame adjustment, safety lock from children. It is also easy to fill it with a regular lighter can. Length 18 cm. Available in several colors.
• ONEY company. Lighters are presented in various designs and forms. Manufactured in several sizes using modern styles and designs. The material of manufacture is plastic.
• Bioker offers an unusual fireplace lighter. Stylish design will perfectly complement any interior. Convenient size 35 cm allows you to safely use the device. The metal case reliably protects from mechanical damage. It has an adjustable flame and is equipped with a refill mechanism.

Also popular is a model with a size of 20 cm. It is refilled, it works from a built-in piezoelectric element. The cost is much higher than plastic due to the use quality materials and unique design.

• Silver Match will be a great accessory for making a fire. Due to the length of 50 cm, it can be used for hanging candles. Made of metal and plastic, equipped with a flame regulator.
• Lighters with bendable tip. The main advantage of the accessory is a bendable rod, which allows you to make a fire in hard-to-reach places. Also suitable for gas stoves. The material of manufacture is plastic, it has an ignition lock. Presented in several colors.

The use of lighters allows you to safely start the fireplace. Many models are equipped with fire control and child lock. Convenient ignition buttons allow you to bring your hand to firewood or coal at a sufficient distance, and not be afraid to get burned by it.

Video: Ignition and combustion of the Tarnava fireplace

Or petrol. In addition, lighters use Various types ignition - flint, piezoelectric, etc.

Petrol lighters appeared at the beginning of the 20th century and were not very reliable at first. Zippo gas lighters were introduced in 1932 and have a cult status due to their reliability and remarkable history.

Austrian lighter of the 1920s, which served as the prototype for the creation of Zippo lighters

Gas lighters were invented later than gasoline and were joyfully received by smokers, as they did not give off a pungent gasoline smell and could even be used to light cigars.

Ignition device

Gas lighter with pyrophoric "flint" (cerium alloy - mischmetal).

The principle of operation is based on spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric alloys (ferrocerium) during abrasion; ignited by hot wire electric shock, touching a hot object; piezoelectric discharge; catalytic ignition of vapors of organic substances.

Fuel

In gas lighters, liquefied propane or liquefied butane is used as fuel, which, after passing through the reducer, evaporates, forming a highly flammable mixture of gas and air.

Petrol vapors burn in petrol lighters.

combustion temperature

Depending on the type of fuel, the lighter flame can reach the following temperature values:

1. propane-butane - from 800 to 1970 ° С;
2. gasoline - 1300-1400 ° C;

Reducer

Design

The design of the lighter directly depends on its purpose. Pocket lighters have small size, they are easy to carry. The design is absolutely any, but the sizes are limited. Desktop lighters are quite rare. These lighters are quite massive and are not designed to be carried. The design of such lighters can be anything. There are also special fireplace lighters, with a large length they have a small width and thickness, and even lighters from famous brands. Not so long ago, sensory lighters appeared, in which gas is ignited without mechanical influences, but by acting on a sensor sensor. AT recent times the so-called branded or promotional lighters are gaining more and more popularity. They are an ordinary pocket lighter, on which the necessary information is applied. The information is usually promotional in nature. Widely used large networks shops and establishments of the HoReCa class. Lighters with information are also used for promotions. Information, as a rule, is applied to inexpensive plastic lighters using silk-screen or pad printing.

kitchen lighter

Many lighters for cookers have an elongated spout (so that you can light the oven with them) and there are several types.

Ignition type

Gas

A conventional lighter with a gas container, an elongated spout and a piezoelectric ignition. The lighter is also suitable for lighting fires and fireplaces. Gas lighters are conventional and turbo.

Electrical

They were common in Soviet times, such a lighter is plugged into an outlet. The lighter is tied not only to the house but also to electricity. If there is no electricity in the house, turn on gas stove such a lighter is impossible. Has the most powerful spark effect while the button is pressed. The principle of operation is based on the cyclic closing and opening of the electrical circuit by a spark-producing rod, under the influence of electromagnetic field. The iron-containing rod closes the circuit, turns on the electromagnet, which draws the rod into itself and thereby opens the circuit, the rod returns to its original position under the action of the spring, and the process repeats. The resulting electric arc ignites the gas. The advantages of such lighters: reliable and fast ignition of gas, simplicity and durability of the design. Disadvantages: dependence on an external supply circuit, high level radio interference, risk of electrical injury.

Battery powered

Designed to run on one or more batteries. It is a pulse converter with a step-up transformer. Gives off many weak sparks while the button is pressed.

Piezo

Does not require energy sources or other consumables. It has a piezoelectric in its design. Gives several powerful sparks along the button in one direction and in the other.

Souvenir lighters banned

The EU and a number of US states have adopted or are preparing to adopt legislative acts, prohibiting the circulation souvenir lighters, made in the form of objects that are not lighters (animals, cartoon characters, lanterns, cameras, etc.), which can be mistaken for toys by children and lead to injuries, burns and fires in their hands.

Story

The first lighter, the Döbereiner flint, was invented by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner in 1823. It was produced until 1880.

The first "flint" lighter was created after the invention of the ferrocerium alloy by Baron Karl von Auerbach in 1906 in Austria. It is this alloy that is the basis for the manufacture of "flints" for lighters. Then the flint lighter acquired a design that has survived to this day almost unchanged: a specially serrated wheel strikes a spark from the “flint”, and the spark ignites the wick soaked in gasoline or the gas coming out of the valve.

The development of lighters was accelerated during the First World War. The soldiers used matches to see the way in the dark, but the intense flash when ignited gave away their location. The need for a fire without a big flash fueled the lighter industry. By the end of the war, lighters were a mass-produced product. The leader in the production of flint lighters at that time was the birthplace of ferrocerium, Austria, and also Germany. A little later, lighters began to be mass-produced around the world.

During World War II, Zippo lighters, manufactured in the US and distributed to US military personnel, became the standard for reliability and functionality among liquid lighters.

see also

• The wheel lock is an invention of Leonardo da Vinci, with a mechanism similar to a lighter.

Links

• Russian-language online encyclopedia of lighters (rus.). Archived
• Site of an English collector about rare and vintage lighters (English). Archived from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2010.

The classification of modern lighters has two main sections: according to the one used in the device fuel and ignition method. In the first case, everything is simple: lighters can be refueled either with gas (liquefied butane or liquefied propane - the flame can reach temperatures from 800 to 1970 degrees Celsius) or gasoline vapors (the flame can reach temperatures from 1300 to 1400 degrees Celsius). In the case of methods of ignition, there are more options. Common types of lighters are:

• Silicon lighters(use of a sparking material, silicon, by means of friction during mechanical action);
• Touch lighters (when the cover is opened, the gas supply and the operation of the sensor mechanism begin; when a finger is brought to the sensor, the mechanism gives a spark);
• Electrical lighters or lighters with electronic ignition circuit (the principle of operation is based on the cyclic closing and opening of the electrical circuit by a spark-producing rod under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The iron-containing rod closes the circuit, turns on the electromagnet, which draws the rod into itself and thereby opens the circuit; then the rod returns to its original position under the action of the spring, and the process repeats. The resulting electric arc ignites the gas.) As a subspecies, battery-powered lighters can be distinguished (designed to run on one or more batteries, it is a pulse converter with a step-up transformer, it gives a lot of weak sparks while the button is pressed. There is also a similar type of battery-powered lighters (with the possibility of recharging from the mains and also with recharging from USB ));
• Piezo lighters(has in its design a piezoelectric element that has a piezoelectric effect, produces a charge and generates a spark under mechanical action).

In addition, lighters can be classified into the following types:

- cigar;

- tubular;

- fireplace;

- kitchen;

- cool lighters;

- well, and all the rest.

Also, lighters are pocket or desktop, disposable or reusable (with the possibility of refueling)

Yes, and I almost forgot, according to the type of flame, lighters are divided into those that have a pipe blower, adjustable flame and ordinary. Gas, in conventional lighters, leaves the top valve through the divider at a low speed and mixes with air at its outlet. In tube lighters, the gas first passes through a special diaphragm in the turbine, through a very small hole with a sharp increase in speed. After that, through the side holes in the turbine, it draws in air and under strong pressure enters the flame shaper, which is located at the top of the turbine. The shaper is needed to give the flame the desired shape. In some turbo lighters, a refractory metal coil is installed above the turbine for greater wind resistance. This spiral, due to thermal inertia, heats up and does not allow the fire to go out in strong winds.

The principle of ignition based on the piezoelectric effect (from the Greek ?? - piezo - I press). This phenomenon, discovered by the brothers Jacques and Pierre Curie in 1880, is that when single crystals of certain substances are squeezed, electric charges arise on their faces. Such a single crystal replaces flint in the design of the lighter.
The piezo element in a lighter is a small quartz crystal endowed with piezoelectric properties. When voltage is applied to the crystal, crystal cell deform and change the size of the crystal. This is called the direct piezoelectric effect. Conversely, when a quartz crystal is stretched or compressed, stress is formed on its surface. This phenomenon is called the inverse piezoelectric effect. A weak blow to a quartz crystal located in a lighter generates a voltage of several hundred volts. This is how an electrical breakdown occurs, and a spark jumps between the electrodes. The gas ignites.
By the way, a piezo lighter is a science-intensive product, the brainchild of high technology the second half of the twentieth century and is a kind of mini-power station ... in the palm of your hand. In fact, is it not a miracle when pressing a finger on a key with a force of only 20-30 N is directly converted into high voltage 10-20 thousand volts? Moreover, it is an almost inexhaustible source of energy, the service life of the piezoelectric elements of such a mechanism is at least 12 years!

These lighters do not need energy sources or other consumables (except gas of course).
Piezoelectricity is generated by an innovative process that does not use standard electric wires. Instead, the spark is produced by natural forces. The piezo igniter is very reliable.
Piezoelectric does not use electrical connections, although many devices use wires to get a spark in a certain place. To ignite in such devices, you usually need to press a button. They are quite effective, easy to use, durable and require minimal maintenance.
Piezo lighters tend to last much longer than mechanical lighters. The secret of their longevity lies in the absence of friction elements. However, if something happened to the piezoelectric element, you will not be able to fix it. No cleaning will help him, "amateur" will kill the lighter completely. Note, however, that the failure of the piezoelectric element is a very rare phenomenon.
In addition, piezo lighters are not threatened by gas leakage, which, unfortunately, often happens with flint ones. Of course, we are talking here exclusively about high-quality piezo lighters from reliable manufacturers, and not about black market products.

Now lighters are exclusively an attribute of a smoker, although they once acted as a universal source of fire that served for different purposes. In addition, in the 20th century, another transformation took place with them - from a purely utilitarian item of everyday use, lighters turned into a fashionable men's accessory.

History of lighters

The history of lighters begins in the first half of the 19th century- in 1816. Their very first prototype was called the Debereiner lamp, on behalf of its inventor, a chemist from Germany, Johann W. Debereiner. At that time, hydrogen, a highly explosive mixture, was used as fuel for them. The catalyst was platinum, so given its cost, one can only imagine how valuable lighters were.

In addition to the high cost, the lighter had another significant drawback - it was absolutely non-ergonomic, so it was extremely difficult to hold in your hand, and indeed to use it. It was most of all a desktop, not a pocket item. Nevertheless, it was considered a sign of status and solidity.

The first functional lighters appeared around the beginning of the 20th century, around 1903, when, thanks to the discovery of another chemist (Karl von Welsbach from Austria), a completely new alloy was obtained - ferrocerium, which, under the influence of a metal element, gave a spark. This is what made it possible to turn massive lighters into a pocket attribute. The final miniature version was formed by 1908.

The mass distribution of lighters began with the advent of cheap silicon, which replaced expensive platinum. By the end of 1918, the developers proposed an updated design, and two years later, the lighter became a fashion statement and, at the time of the heyday of art deco culture, was both male and female paraphernalia.

Lighters experienced another reincarnation in 1930, when J. Blaisdell drew attention to them, who later made their case ergonomic: lighters not only became more convenient to hold, but they also received a windproof wick cover. He also redesigned the fuel tank to be more efficient in operation and provided the lighters with a lid. Since then, these novelties have become even more widespread, having decreased in price. And over time, there were already automatic lighters.

The most famous lighter manufacturers today are - trade marks ZIPPO, WINDMILL, SAROME, Ronson, PIERRE CARDIN, Lamborghini, DURAN, DIPLOMAT, COLIBRI, Caran d`Ache, BUGATTI, Im Corona, Philip Laurence, WENGER, etc.

Types of men's lighters

Modern men's lighters are classified by the method of ignition, color, shape, size, type of fuel and even the type of flame.

Types of men's lighters according to the ignition method

According to the ignition method, men's lighters are:

• piezo (ignited using a special element that has a piezoelectric effect and, when physically acted upon, gives a charge, generating a spark);
• sensory (at the moment the lid is opened, the gas supply is simultaneously started and the sensor mechanism comes into action - when a cigarette is brought to the sensing element, it produces a spark);
• silicon (ignition occurs due to the use of a sparking material and mechanical friction on it with a special element; silicon requires periodic replacement).

Types of men's lighters by color and finish

The color of men's lighters is more diverse. Now the following tones are predominant, which are in demand among manufacturers and buyers:

• silver;
• gold;
• blue;
• red;
• black;
• copper;
• green;
• yellow;
• grey;
• chromium;
• brown;
• white and so on

In the course and lighters with a matte body. In general, 95 percent of their composition is zinc alloys with various impurities. The body is coated with non-toxic varnishes and paints. The vast majority of these technologies are classified and belong to manufacturers. There are also lighters with an additional coating of the case. This role can be played by: rhodium, palladium, plastic, metal, gilding, polishing, silvering.

Types of men's lighters by type of fuel

According to the type of fuel used, men's lighters are divided into:

• gasoline (ignition is produced by gasoline vapors);
• gas (liquefied propane or butane are used).

At the dawn of lighters - in the 1930s - they used the so-called naphtha, a special oily substance obtained from petroleum. In 1940, the production of new products was launched in a more modern version - operating on the basis of butane.

Types of men's lighters by type of flame

According to the type of flame, lighters (gas) are divided into:

• conventional (in them, the gas exits at a low speed from the valve located at the top through the divider and then mixes with air);
• turbocharged (in them, the gas first passes through a special turbine diaphragm with an extremely small hole cross section and increases speed sharply; air enters through the side holes in the turbine).

The lighter can be chosen simply on the basis of the principle "like / dislike" or, depending on what the man smokes - ordinary cigarettes, cigars or pipes. Be sure to pay attention to the quality of the joining of parts - since these are mechanisms that use flammable and fire hazardous compounds, therefore there should be no gaps between the elements. Otherwise, gasoline will quickly evaporate, and the gas will immediately evaporate.

Lighter Precautions

Lighters from which the fuel evaporates quickly are not suitable for use.- this indicates that they have a defect or an imperceptible crack. You also need to ensure that particles of small debris, dust and dirt do not get into the lighters. This will block the outlet and cause the hinged lid to be loose. Contact with moisture should also be avoided. It is best not to touch the turbine or divider - this can quickly damage the lighter.

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