Or petrol. In addition, lighters use Various types ignition - flint, piezoelectric, etc.
Petrol lighters appeared at the beginning of the 20th century and were not very reliable at first. Zippo gas lighters were introduced in 1932 and have a cult status due to their reliability and remarkable history.
Austrian lighter of the 1920s, which served as the prototype for the creation of Zippo lighters
Gas lighters were invented later than gas lighters and were joyfully received by smokers, as they did not give off a pungent gasoline smell and could even be used to light cigars.
Ignition device
Gas lighter with pyrophoric "flint" (cerium alloy - mischmetal).
The principle of operation is based on spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric alloys (ferrocerium) during abrasion; ignited by hot wire electric shock, touching a hot object; piezoelectric discharge; catalytic ignition of vapors of organic substances.
Fuel
In gas lighters, liquefied propane or liquefied butane is used as fuel, which, after passing through the reducer, evaporates, forming a highly flammable mixture of gas and air.
Petrol vapors burn in petrol lighters.
combustion temperature
Depending on the type of fuel, the lighter flame can reach the following temperature values:
- propane-butane - from 800 to 1970 ° С;
- gasoline - 1300-1400 ° C;
Reducer
Design
The design of the lighter directly depends on its purpose. Pocket lighters have small size, they are easy to carry. The design is absolutely any, but the sizes are limited. Desktop lighters are quite rare. These lighters are quite massive and are not designed to be carried. The design of such lighters can be anything. There are also special fireplace lighters, with a large length, they have a small width and thickness, and even lighters from famous brands. Not so long ago, sensor lighters appeared in which gas is ignited without mechanical influences, but by acting on the touch sensor. AT recent times the so-called branded or promotional lighters are gaining more and more popularity. They are an ordinary pocket lighter, on which the necessary information is applied. The information is usually promotional in nature. Widely used large networks shops and establishments of the HoReCa class. Lighters with information are also used for promotions. Information, as a rule, is applied to inexpensive plastic lighters using silk-screen or pad printing.
kitchen lighter
Many lighters for cookers have an elongated spout (so that you can light the oven with them) and there are several types.
Ignition type
Gas
A conventional lighter with a gas container, an elongated spout and a piezoelectric ignition. The lighter is also suitable for lighting fires and fireplaces. Gas lighters are conventional and turbo.
Electrical
They were common in Soviet times, such a lighter is plugged into an outlet. The lighter is tied not only to the house but also to electricity. If there is no electricity in the house, turn on gas stove such a lighter is impossible. Has the most powerful spark effect while the button is pressed. The principle of operation is based on the cyclic closing and opening of the electrical circuit by a spark-producing rod, under the influence of electromagnetic field. The iron-containing rod closes the circuit, turns on the electromagnet, which draws the rod into itself and thereby opens the circuit, the rod returns to its original position under the action of the spring, and the process repeats. The resulting electric arc ignites the gas. The advantages of such lighters: reliable and fast ignition of gas, simplicity and durability of the design. Disadvantages: dependence on an external supply circuit, high level radio interference, risk of electrical injury.
Battery powered
Designed to run on one or more batteries. It is a pulse converter with a step-up transformer. Gives off many weak sparks while the button is pressed.
Piezo
Does not require energy sources or other consumables. It has a piezoelectric in its design. Gives several powerful sparks along the button in one direction and in the other.
Souvenir lighters banned
The EU and a number of US states have adopted or are preparing to adopt legislative acts, prohibiting the circulation souvenir lighters, made in the form of objects that are not lighters (animals, cartoon characters, lanterns, cameras, etc.), which can be mistaken for toys by children and lead to injuries, burns and fires in their hands.
Story
The first lighter, the Döbereiner flint, was invented by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner in 1823. It was produced until 1880.
The first "flint" lighter was created after the invention of a ferrocerium alloy in 1906 in Austria by Baron Karl von Auerbach. It is this alloy that is the basis for the manufacture of "flints" for lighters. Then the flint lighter acquired a design that has survived to this day almost unchanged: a specially serrated wheel strikes a spark from the “flint”, and the spark ignites the wick soaked in gasoline or the gas coming out of the valve.
The development of lighters was accelerated during the First World War. The soldiers used matches to see the way in the dark, but the intense flash when ignited gave away their location. The need for a fire without a big flash fueled the lighter industry. By the end of the war, lighters were a mass-produced product. The leader in the production of flint lighters at that time was the birthplace of ferrocerium, Austria, and also Germany. A little later, lighters began to be mass-produced around the world.
During World War II, Zippo lighters, manufactured in the US and distributed to US military personnel, became the standard for reliability and functionality among liquid lighters.
see also
- The wheel lock is an invention of Leonardo da Vinci, with a mechanism similar to a lighter.
Links
- Russian-language online encyclopedia of lighters (rus.). Archived
- Site of an English collector about rare and vintage lighters (English). Archived from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
The classification of modern lighters has two main sections: according to the one used in the device fuel and ignition method. In the first case, everything is simple: lighters can be refueled either with gas (liquefied butane or liquefied propane - the flame can reach temperatures from 800 to 1970 degrees Celsius) or gasoline vapors (the flame can reach temperatures from 1300 to 1400 degrees Celsius). In the case of methods of ignition, there are more options. Common types of lighters are:
- Silicon lighters(use of a sparking material, silicon, through friction under mechanical action);
- Touch lighters (when the cover is opened, the gas supply and the operation of the sensor mechanism begin; when a finger is brought to the sensor, the mechanism gives a spark);
- Electrical lighters or lighters with electronic ignition circuit (the principle of operation is based on the cyclic closing and opening of the electrical circuit by a spark-producing rod under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The iron-containing rod closes the circuit, turns on the electromagnet, which draws the rod into itself and thereby opens the circuit; then the rod returns to its original position under the action of the spring, and the process repeats. The resulting electric arc ignites the gas.) As a subspecies, battery-powered lighters can be distinguished (designed to run on one or more batteries, it is a pulse converter with a step-up transformer, it gives a lot of weak sparks while the button is pressed. There is also a similar type of battery-powered lighters (with the possibility of recharging from the mains and also with recharging from USB ));
- Piezo lighters(has in its design a piezoelectric element that has a piezoelectric effect, produces a charge and generates a spark under mechanical action).
In addition, lighters can be classified into the following types:
- cigar;
- tubular;
- fireplace;
- kitchen;
- cool lighters;
- well, and all the rest.
Also, lighters are pocket or desktop, disposable or reusable (with the possibility of refueling)
Yes, and I almost forgot, according to the type of flame, lighters are divided into those that have a pipe blower, adjustable flame and ordinary. Gas, in conventional lighters, leaves the top valve through the divider at a low speed and mixes with air at its outlet. In tube lighters, the gas first passes through a special diaphragm in the turbine, through a very small hole with a sharp increase in speed. After that, through the side holes in the turbine, it draws in air and under strong pressure enters the flame shaper, which is located at the top of the turbine. The shaper is needed to give the flame the desired shape. In some turbo lighters, a refractory metal coil is installed above the turbine for greater wind resistance. This spiral, due to thermal inertia, heats up and does not allow the fire to go out in strong winds.
The principle of ignition based on the piezoelectric effect (from the Greek ?? - piezo - I press). This phenomenon, discovered by the brothers Jacques and Pierre Curie in 1880, is that when single crystals of certain substances are squeezed, electric charges arise on their faces. Such a single crystal replaces flint in the design of the lighter.
The piezo element in a lighter is a small quartz crystal endowed with piezoelectric properties. When voltage is applied to the crystal, crystal cell deform and change the size of the crystal. This is called the direct piezoelectric effect. Conversely, when a quartz crystal is stretched or compressed, stress is formed on its surface. This phenomenon is called the inverse piezoelectric effect. A weak blow to a quartz crystal located in a lighter generates a voltage of several hundred volts. This is how an electrical breakdown occurs, and a spark jumps between the electrodes. The gas ignites.
By the way, a piezo lighter is a science-intensive product, the brainchild of high technology the second half of the twentieth century and is a kind of mini-power station ... in the palm of your hand. In fact, isn't it a miracle when pressing a finger on a key with a force of only 20-30 N is directly converted into a high voltage of 10-20 thousand volts? Moreover, it is an almost inexhaustible source of energy, the service life of the piezoelectric elements of such a mechanism is at least 12 years!
These lighters do not need energy sources or other consumables (except gas of course).
Piezoelectricity is generated by an innovative process that does not use standard electric wires. Instead, the spark is produced by natural forces. The piezo igniter is very reliable.
Piezoelectric does not use electrical connections, although many devices use wires to get a spark in a certain place. To ignite in such devices, you usually need to press a button. They are quite effective, easy to use, durable and require minimal maintenance.
Piezo lighters tend to last much longer than mechanical lighters. The secret of their longevity lies in the absence of friction elements. However, if something happened to the piezoelectric element, you will not be able to fix it. No cleaning will help him, "amateur" will kill the lighter completely. Note, however, that the failure of the piezoelectric element is a very rare phenomenon.
In addition, piezo lighters are not threatened by gas leakage, which, unfortunately, often happens with flint ones. Of course, we are talking here exclusively about high-quality piezo lighters from reliable manufacturers, and not about black market products.
Lighters from the Cricket company are in great demand among buyers. They are easy to use and easy to care for. It also attracts attention that it is easy to fill with gas these Cricket products. Therefore, the lighter can serve for quite a long time and does not require replacement. Read more about the above products.
Lighter "Cricket": description
The above product is manufactured by Swedish Match in Manila (Philippines) and Assen (Holland). It was in 1961, one might say, that this Cricket lighter was born. White color is the most popular among buyers. To date, the manufacturer has already produced and successfully sold more than 500 million of the above products.
In the production of the Cricket lighter, about 40 stages of quality control are used.
Products are made of nylon. This material, unlike plastic, is more durable and does not burn in the sun. This makes it possible to make the walls of the product thinner and fill it large quantity gas.
The lighter of the above manufacturer may have the following types Ignition:
- piezo;
- silicon.
The product is reliably protected from gas leakage, so in the burning sun it will by no means turn into a small bomb.
Advantages of the above product
The lighter from the company "Cricket" has the following features:
- has an automatic, without regulator, combustion valve;
- the lever is spring-loaded, does not contain backlash;
- this product is elegant and thin, so it fits easily into a pack of cigarettes;
- a fully metal combustion valve, 3 mm in size, has a Cricket lighter;
- features a safe constant flame height.
How to refuel a Cricket lighter?
Experts advise placing the above product in the freezer before refueling. So it will fill up more densely. For this work, you can use a gas canister. In most cases, it is enough for several gas stations.
There is a special valve on the back of the product. Through it, refueling of the lighter is carried out. Sometimes it requires cleaning, as over time it often becomes clogged with dust or debris. With a sharp object, you need to press the valve, gas residues with impurities will come out of the lighter.
In the kit, adapters for different valves are necessarily attached to the can. It is important to choose the right size product. And also remember that the adapter must fit tightly on the above valve.
During refueling, the lighter should be with the valve up, and the device should be located with the stem down. The process of filling with gas the above product "Cricket" lasts no more than 10 seconds. In no case is the lighter checked immediately for performance. You should still wait about three minutes. This is necessary in order to equalize the pressure inside the product.
It is necessary to follow some simple recommendations before carrying out the above actions with the Cricket gas product. The lighter must be in good working condition. Also, for refueling, you will need a small can of gas.
It is important to remember your safety. You need to make sure that there are no sources of ignition near you. In addition, the room must be well ventilated.
It is advisable to wear gloves on your hands. Avoid contact of gas with eyes.
In no case should a product such as Cricket be filled to the end. The lighter can explode, because remember that the gas enters it under pressure. Be careful!
The Cricket lighter has gained popularity among buyers due to its excellent quality and extended service life. Use wisely and enjoy!
Lighter length: 9 cm.
Lighter width: 2 cm.
Lighter thickness: 1.2 cm.
Lighter body material: plastic alloy and metal.
Fuel required for lighter: gas.
Lighter brand: Lomai.
Lighter weight: 25 gr.
Description of the lighter: a long lighter with a transparent body that allows you to see the amount of gas in the lighter, unusual way ignition, from the beginning gas is supplied using a toggle switch at the top of the lighter, then you need to strike the wheel on silicon, the flame from a small flicker of a candle to a long one of almost 5 cm.
Scope of the lighter: for lighting cigarettes.
Lighter color: black.
Type of lighter: gas lighter.
Lighter packaging: no packaging.
The presence of flame adjustment: yes, the flame height regulator is located at the bottom of the lighter, the adjustment is carried out manually, there is also a toggle switch for turning on the gas supply from the top of the lighter.
The online store www.site (ILEC GTI) is an online lighter store where you can buy lighters wholesale and retail, gas lighters, autogenous turbo lighters, gasoline lighters, fire flint, eternal matches in stock and on order.
”, characterized by small size, ease of use and reliability.
Gas lighters were invented later than gas lighters and were joyfully received by smokers, as they did not give off a pungent gasoline smell and could even be used to light cigars.
Ignition device
Several principles are used:
- spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric alloys (ferrocerium) during abrasion;
- ignition by a hot object (for example, a wire heated by an electric current);
- ignition by an electric spark arising from the rapid closing and opening of an electrical contact or during a breakdown air gap high voltage- the latter can be generated using a piezoelectric element (in lighters without a power supply) or a transformer (in lighters connected to the mains or battery-powered - for example, some kitchen ones);
- catalytic ignition of vapors of organic substances.
Fuel
In gas lighters, liquefied propane or liquefied butane is used as fuel, which, after passing through the reducer, evaporates, forming a highly flammable mixture of gas and air.
Petrol vapors burn in petrol lighters.
combustion temperature
Depending on the type of fuel, the flame temperature of the lighter can reach the following values:
- propane-butane - from 800 to 1970 ° С;
- gasoline - 1300-1400 ° C;
Reducer
Design
The design of the lighter directly depends on its purpose. Pocket lighters are small and easy to carry. The design is absolutely any, but the sizes are limited. Desktop lighters are quite rare. These lighters are quite massive and are not designed to be carried. The design of such lighters can be anything. There are also special fireplace lighters, with a large length they have a small width and thickness, and even lighters from well-known brands. Not so long ago, sensor lighters appeared, in which gas is ignited without mechanical influences, but by acting on a sensor sensor.
Advertising
Recently, the so-called promotional lighters are gaining more and more popularity. They are an ordinary pocket lighter with information, as a rule, of an advertising nature, applied using silk screen or pad printing. Widely used by large chain stores and hotel and restaurant companies to advertise services and promote products.
kitchen lighter
Many stove lighters have an elongated spout (so that you can light the oven with it) and come in several types.
Ignition type
Gas
Electrical
They were common in Soviet times, such a lighter is plugged into an outlet. The lighter is tied not only to the house, but also to electricity. In the absence of electricity in the house, it is impossible to light a gas stove with such a lighter. Has the most powerful spark effect while the button is pressed. The principle of operation is based on the cyclic closing and opening of the electrical circuit by a sparking rod under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The iron-containing rod closes the circuit, turns on the electromagnet, which draws the rod into itself and thereby opens the circuit; then the rod under the action of the spring returns to its original position, and the process is repeated. The resulting electric arc ignites the gas. The advantages of such lighters: reliable and fast ignition of gas, simplicity and durability of the design. Disadvantages: dependence on an external supply circuit, high level of radio interference, danger of electrical injury.
Battery powered
Designed to run on one or more batteries. It is a pulse converter with a step-up transformer. Gives off many weak sparks while the button is pressed. There is also a similar type of lighters on batteries (with the possibility of recharging from the mains).
Piezo
Does not require power sources or other consumables. It has a piezoelectric in its design. Gives several powerful sparks along the button in one direction and in the other.
Certification
There are standards and regulations for the manufacture of lighters: for example, ISO 9994:2005(E) Lighters-Safety specification (“Lighters - safety requirements”), which describes technical requirements to lighters different types, corresponding fire height, inertness of materials, etc.
Souvenir lighters banned
The EU and a number of US states have adopted or are preparing to adopt legislation prohibiting the circulation of souvenir lighters made in the form of objects that are not lighters (animals, cartoon characters, lanterns, cameras, etc.), which can be mistaken for toys by children, and lead in their hands to injury, burns and fires.
Story
The first gas lighter, the Döbereiner flint, was invented by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner in 1823. It was produced until 1880.
The first modern "flint" lighter was created after the invention of a ferrocerium alloy by Baron Karl Auer von Welsbach in 1903 in Austria. It is this alloy that is the basis for the manufacture of "flints" for lighters. Then the flint lighter acquired a design that has survived to this day almost unchanged: a specially serrated wheel strikes a spark from the “flint”, and the spark ignites the wick soaked in gasoline or the gas coming out of the valve.
The development of lighters was accelerated during the First World War. The soldiers used matches to see the way in the dark, but the intense flash when ignited gave away their location. The need for a fire without a big flash fueled the lighter industry. By the end of the war, lighters were a mass-produced product. The leader in the production of "flint" lighters at that time was the birthplace of ferrocerium, Austria, and also Germany. A little later, lighters began to be mass-produced around the world.
During World War II, Zippo lighters, made in the USA and distributed among American military personnel, have become the standard for reliability and functionality [ ] among liquid lighters.
see also
- The wheel lock is an invention of Leonardo da Vinci, with a mechanism similar to a lighter.
- A turbo lighter is a turbocharged lighter.
Write a review on the article "Lighter"
Links
- (Russian). Retrieved 21 August 2010. .
- (English) . Retrieved 21 August 2010. .
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An excerpt characterizing the Lighter
“I was there,” Rostov said with anger, as if by this he wanted to offend the adjutant.Bolkonsky noticed the state of the hussar, and it seemed funny to him. He smiled slightly contemptuously.
- Yes! Lots of stories about this stuff!
“Yes, stories,” Rostov spoke loudly, looking at Boris and then Bolkonsky with furious eyes, “yes, there are many stories, but our stories are the stories of those who were in the very fire of the enemy, our stories have weight, and not stories of those staff thugs who receive awards without doing anything.
“Which do you suppose I belong to?” - calmly and especially pleasantly smiling, said Prince Andrei.
A strange feeling of anger and at the same time respect for the calmness of this figure was united at that time in the soul of Rostov.
“I’m not talking about you,” he said, “I don’t know you and, I confess, I don’t want to know. I'm talking about staff in general.
“And I’ll tell you what,” Prince Andrei interrupted him with calm authority in his voice. - You want to insult me, and I am ready to agree with you that this is very easy to do if you do not have sufficient respect for yourself; but you will agree that both the time and place are very badly chosen for this. One of these days we will all have to be in a big, more serious duel, and besides, Drubetskaya, who says that he is your old friend, is not in the least to blame for the fact that my physiognomy had the misfortune not to please you. However,” he said, getting up, “you know my name and you know where to find me; but do not forget,” he added, “that I do not consider myself or you offended at all, and my advice, as a man older than you, is to leave this matter without consequences. So on Friday, after the show, I'm waiting for you, Drubetskoy; goodbye, ”concluded Prince Andrei and went out, bowing to both.
Rostov remembered what he had to answer only when he had already left. And he was even more angry because he forgot to say it. Rostov immediately ordered his horse to be brought in and, after taking a dry farewell to Boris, rode off to his place. Should he go tomorrow main apartment and call this breaking adjutant, or, in fact, leave the matter like this? was a question that tormented him all the way. Now he thought with malice about how pleased he would be to see the fright of this small, weak and proud little man under his pistol, then he felt with surprise that of all the people he knew, he would not have wanted so much to have his friend like this adjutant he hated.
On the next day of Boris' meeting with Rostov, there was a review of the Austrian and Russian troops, both fresh, who had come from Russia, and those who had returned from the campaign with Kutuzov. Both emperors, the Russian with the heir to the Tsarevich and the Austrian with the Archduke, made this review of the allied 80,000th army.
From early morning, smartly cleaned and cleaned troops began to move, lining up on the field in front of the fortress. Then thousands of feet and bayonets with fluttering banners moved, and at the command of the officers they stopped, turned around and formed up at intervals, bypassing other similar masses of infantry in different uniforms; then with measured clatter and clatter sounded elegant cavalry in blue, red, green embroidered uniforms with embroidered musicians in front, on black, red, gray horses; then, stretching out with its copper sound of trembling on carriages, cleaned, shiny cannons and with its own smell of overcoats, artillery crawled between the infantry and cavalry and was placed in designated places. Not only generals in full dress uniform, with impossibly thick and thin waist and reddened, propped up collars, necks, in scarves and all orders; not only pomaded, well-dressed officers, but every soldier, with a fresh, washed and shaved face and cleaned up to the last possible shine with ammunition, each horse, groomed so that, like satin, its wool shone on it and hair to hair lay wetted mane, - everyone felt that something serious, significant and solemn was happening. Each general and soldier felt their insignificance, conscious of being a grain of sand in this sea of people, and together they felt their power, conscious of being part of this vast whole.
Intense chores and efforts began from early in the morning, and at 10 o'clock everything came into the required order. Rows lined up on the vast field. The whole army was stretched out in three lines. Cavalry in front, artillery in back, infantry in back.
Between each row of troops there was, as it were, a street. Three parts of this army sharply separated from one another: the combat Kutuzovskaya (in which the Pavlogradites stood on the right flank in the front line), army and guard regiments that had come from Russia, and the Austrian army. But all stood under one line, under one command and in the same order.
As the wind swept through the leaves, an excited whisper: “They are coming! they're going!" Frightened voices were heard, and a wave of fuss over the last preparations ran through all the troops.
Ahead of Olmutz appeared a moving group. And at the same time, although the day was windless, a light stream of wind ran through the army and slightly shook the weather vanes of the lance and the unfurled banners that were frayed on their shafts. It seemed that the army itself, with this slight movement, expressed its joy at the approach of sovereigns. One voice was heard: "Attention!" Then, like roosters at dawn, the voices repeated in different directions. And everything went quiet.
In the dead silence only the sound of horses could be heard. It was the suite of emperors. The sovereigns drove up to the flank and the sounds of the trumpeters of the first cavalry regiment were heard, playing a general march. It seemed that it was not the trumpeters who played it, but the army itself, rejoicing at the approach of the sovereign, naturally made these sounds. Because of these sounds, one young, gentle voice of Emperor Alexander was clearly heard. He said hello, and the first regiment barked: Hurrah! so deafening, long, joyful that the people themselves were horrified by the number and strength of the bulk that they made up.
Rostov, standing in the forefront of the Kutuzov army, to which the sovereign approached the first, experienced the same feeling that every person in this army experienced - a feeling of self-forgetfulness, a proud consciousness of power and a passionate attraction to the one who was the cause of this triumph.
He felt that it depended on one word of this man that this whole mass (and he, associated with it, an insignificant grain of sand) would go into fire and into water, to crime, to death or to the greatest heroism, and therefore he could not help but tremble and freeze at the sight of that approaching word.
– Hurrah! Hurrah! Hurrah! - thundered from all sides, and one regiment after another received the sovereign with the sounds of a general march; then Hurrah! ... general march and again Urra! and hooray!! which, growing stronger and stronger, merged into a deafening rumble.
Until the sovereign arrived, each regiment, in its silence and immobility, seemed like a lifeless body; as soon as the sovereign was compared with him, the regiment revived and thundered, joining the roar of the entire line that the sovereign had already passed. At the terrible, deafening sound of these voices, in the midst of the masses of the army, motionless, as if petrified in their quadrangles, carelessly, but symmetrically and, most importantly, hundreds of horsemen of the retinue moved freely and in front of them were two people - emperors. The restrained passionate attention of all this mass of people was undividedly focused on them.
Handsome, young Emperor Alexander, in a horse guards uniform, in a three-cornered hat, put on from the field, with his pleasant face and sonorous, soft voice attracted all the power of attention.
Rostov stood not far from the trumpeters and from afar with his keen eyes recognized the sovereign and followed his approach. When the sovereign approached at a distance of 20 steps and Nicholas clearly, to every detail, examined the beautiful, young and happy face of the emperor, he experienced a feeling of tenderness and delight, the like of which he had not experienced before. Everything - every feature, every movement - seemed to him charming in the sovereign.
Stopping in front of the Pavlograd regiment, the sovereign said something in French to the Austrian emperor and smiled.
