Equipment for a small printing house. We create a business: Printing workshop

Today, the demand for printed products is getting higher and higher, which means that the need for printing houses is constantly growing. The success of a printing house largely depends not only on what volumes of products it can produce, but also on how quickly and efficiently the order will be completed. At proper organization this species business can generate considerable income, even if the company will provide a very narrow range of services. The equipment will fit in small office.

Choosing a typography type

Before you open your own printing house, you need to decide on its format. Will it be a full-fledged printing shop focused on the production of books, newspapers and other large paper products, or will it be a mini-printing house, the main activity of which is aimed at providing printing services for smaller products - business cards, booklets, posters, calendars and others.

In most cases, opening a mini-printing house will be the right decision. There are several reasons for this:

• Opening a small printing house does not require significant investments - the minimum amount is from 500,000 rubles.
• At the beginning of work, you are unlikely to be able to provide the printing house with large volumes of orders for printing books and magazines, but with small ones - completely.
• A mini-printing house with the right business can always grow into a more serious company.
• It can be a great addition to your core business. Quite often they open their printing houses, magazines and newspapers.

Printing house registration

Like any other type of business, opening a printing house requires registration with tax office. To register a mini-printing house, it is enough to obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur. In this case, you do not even need a business permit. If you plan to open several branches, you need to think about registering an LLC.

Before opening, you need to obtain permission from:

• fire inspection;
• supervision services for compliance with labor protection rules.

Naturally, sooner or later you will have to hire staff to work in your company, and it follows that you also need to register with the pension fund and the employment service.

Premises selection

An important step when opening is the choice of premises. On average, for a mini-printing house, a room of 40-50 square meters is enough, equipped with ventilation and electrical wiring with a power of more than 280 watts. It is also important to have a toilet and a room for workers, where they can rest in between work.

Also, the room should be divided into several zones:

• to receive an order;
• working;
• stock.

It is desirable that there is a separate room for each of the premises.

It is better to rent a room not in a residential building, but in the building of business centers or educational institutions. So the operation of the equipment will not interfere with the neighbors, especially if the order is carried out at night. There should also be a convenient access to the building for loading finished products.

It does not matter where your printing house will be located - in the city center or on the outskirts, the main thing is that a lot of people pass nearby. The ideal option is to open near universities, business centers. That is, in those places where there will be a high demand for printing services.

The amount of initial investment is 1 687 186 rubles.

The break-even point is reached in the eighth month of work.

The payback period is from 21 months.

2. Description of the business, product or service

3. Description of the market

We will conduct a SWOT analysis of your project activities.

4. Sales and Marketing

5. Production plan

Let's outline the main stages of launching a printing house.

1. Registration with government agencies

Opening a printing house does not require special permissions and licenses, so before opening it is enough to register yourself as individual entrepreneur with a simplified taxation system (6% of income), as well as open a current account.

2. Search for premises and repair

As for the placement of the printing house, certain requirements are imposed on it:

• Quadrature from 40 m2;
• Extraction / ventilation of the room;
• Possibility of expansion in the future under a warehouse for finished products.

As a space for a small printing house fit square from 40 sq. m. Too small areas will not work due to the fact that they will not allow to place all the equipment (and this is at least 5-6 cars). Plus, it is necessary to give space to operators, to allocate a warehouse for storing materials and finished products. Finally, you need to allocate an area for visitors, arrange soft sofa and chairs. Rental payments for an area of ​​40 sq. m. depending on the location will be about 28 - 40 thousand rubles per month.

3. Purchase necessary equipment and inventory

To open a printing house, you need the following equipment:

• Offset RIP Digital Printing Machine the vast majority of printed products);
• Cutting plotter (this is an apparatus for accurately cutting any stencils or images from various materials);
• Booklet maker (device designed for binding documents (binding sheets with a staple);
• Laser MFP;
• Multifunctional thermopress (specialized modern equipment that allows you to transfer all kinds of images to high quality different surfaces, used to apply the desired images on caps, mugs, t-shirts);
• Cutter (used to cut paper into even pieces and align the edges);
• laminator;
• A computer;
• Consumables: paper, thermal film, oracal, magnetic vinyl, paint.

Due to the high cost of new equipment, you can look for supported options, then the price will be about 2 times lower. This business plan lists equipment that has been in production for no more than three years.

* Consumables include: paper, offset printing material, printer cartridge, cardboard, metal/plastic springs, calendar loops, magnetic vinyl, oracal.

4. Personnel search

The most difficult thing will be to find professional printers, because for quality work Experience and education required. It is better to search for such specialists on the hh.ru portal; access to a resume will cost 15,000 rubles. You will also need an experienced sales manager and administrator-managers who will deal with meeting customers, calculating costs and transferring finished products. It is also more expedient to search for them on the above site or to search through friends or social networks. networks.

5. Marketing policy

6. Organizational structure

The main employee of your printing house is a printer who prepares materials and a printing machine for production, adjusts and prints all types of printing products, performs preventive maintenance and repair of a printing machine, monitors compliance with speed modes and a printing schedule. Printer's work schedule - 2/2 to 12 hours a day, wage the highest at the enterprise (45,000 rubles), as candidates with work experience and specialized education are required. Ideally, these employees should be generalists and be able to work with a plotter, booklet maker, and thermal press. But even in this case, it is necessary to hire assistants who will carry out the work under the supervision of printers. In the first months, when the customer base has not yet been developed and there are few orders, two printers are enough, then - without assistants with a salary of 15,000 rubles. not enough.

The next employee to be brought in is a sales manager who makes calls to potential clients and offers printing services. The manager can work remotely, his work is paid depending on the number of services provided (15%). The candidate must also have experience in the field of sales, must develop selling scripts for conversations, submit monthly reports to the director on the number of completed contacts and conversions.

It is also necessary to hire a designer on staff who develops layouts for leaflets, booklets, business cards, postcards, calendars, and also prepares files for printing. Designer's salary - 18,000 rubles, working hours - 5/2.

Reception of clients and their consultation is carried out by the manager. He also calculates the cost of orders, receives incoming calls, responds to customer messages, etc. Since the printing house works every day, there is a need to hire two managers who work in shifts, their salary is 15,000 rubles per month.

Alexander Kaptsov

Reading time: 13 minutes

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The profitability of printing activities is beyond doubt among experts in printing business. However, the profitability of a printing house depends on many nuances. That is why it is important for beginners to understand all the intricacies of opening and promoting printing from scratch. Getting Started Organization this business it is necessary to select the right staff, choose the optimal premises, buy advising equipment and, of course, draw up a business plan.

Printing business and organizational features

Not so long ago, all those who had the necessary amount of money, banking structures, various funds and other owners of free funds, were engaged in the opening of printing points. Subsequently, these printing houses were closed for one simple reason - their activities were led by non-professionals.

The availability of start-up capital does not provide successful work printing company, you must be a specialist in this field:

• Understand the specifics of the equipment. Understand the capabilities of printers, risographs or offset machines.
• Know how many people are enough for work and so on.

A clearly chosen line of business determines the choice of equipment, the size of the premises, the location of the office, the number of staff, and so on. Of course, finding and hiring a competent specialist is not difficult, especially in large cities. However, the owner of the company simply cannot afford to be a layman in business if he expects to make a profit. Knowledge of all the nuances allows you to control the workflow and effectively develop business activities.

Before opening a printing house, first of all, it is necessary to understand the level of profitability. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of this segment helps here.

The clear advantages include:

1. The ability to start activities even in your own apartment with only a few devices for printing and copying.
2. Increased demand for printing services in certain urban areas. They are not difficult to calculate. The main feature is the presence of educational institutions or organizations working with documentation.
3. On the market, printing equipment is presented in a large assortment and at a very reasonable price, that is, an entrepreneur always has a choice in this aspect.
4. A businessman may well be engaged in the implementation of other business projects in parallel.

Cons of printing activities:

1. A large number of competing firms.
2. Often the payback period is up to three years.
3. Investments at the start can hardly be called minimal.

Attention . The printing business is based on regular customers.

What documents are required for registration of polygraphy?

The legal activity of the printing industry is ensured by the following actions:

• . The second is preferable if regular customers will have the status of a legal entity.
• Obtaining a license to print strict reporting forms, if the printing of such products is present in the businessman's plan.
• Registration with the tax authorities. It is permissible to choose a simplified version of taxation.
• Registration with the social fund and pension service.
• Opening an account at a banking institution.
• The contract for the lease of premises for the printing house.

Naturally, each of the above actions is confirmed by the corresponding document.

Where to open a printing business: choosing a room for printing

To determine the location of the printing house, it is necessary to answer the question: what category do its clients belong to?

Here are some options:

1. Capture the flow of potential customers in the face of students or various firms allows an office on campus or a business center. Such a point, as a rule, fulfills orders for advertising printing, educational literature, various letterheads, makes stitching, bookbinding, and so on.
2. Working with a "serious" clientele involves visiting customer offices - field service. Therefore, the location of the printing house special significance does not have. This means that you can save a lot on office rent, and rent space for a print shop in an industrial zone.
3. Small spaces in shopping malls often rented as additional pick-up points and for minor services such as copying, laminating, and so on.

A small printing house will fit perfectly on 30-40 "squares". It must take into account the room in which orders are taken, the warehouse for "consumables" (finished products) and production room, equipped with good ventilation and sound insulation (if it is a housing stock).

How to design printing effectively: interesting interior design options

Do not forget that the client comes to the printing house for a very specific service. He is attracted by an advertisement or an outdoor sign. Therefore, there is no special need to surprise with interior design.

You just need to think about the competent design of the room where orders are taken:

• Calm interior colors.
• Comfortable furniture and good lighting.
• Several interesting photos or paintings can decorate free space on the walls.
• A stand with samples of work and a list of services provided is required.
• Avoid loud music.

The main task in this case is to provide the customer with maximum comfort for getting acquainted with the layout, choosing materials and placing an order.

What equipment is needed for printing?

A significant share of the start-up capital is allocated to the costs of equipment of the printing house. Save on initial stage You can buy used equipment or rent it. The main thing is a real assessment of the capabilities of a printing company, which makes it possible to exclude unnecessary acquisitions and unnecessary expenses.

At the beginning of the activity, it is enough to have:

1. A computer equipped with special programs.
2. Professional printers, including full color.
3. Copier.
4. Risograph. In the future, an offset machine is purchased.
5. laminating machine.
6. Paper cutting machine.
7. Printing stapler.

When choosing equipment, they are guided by the following criteria:

• Print quality and speed . This will attract customers with flawless and prompt execution of the order.
• Variety of colors , which makes it possible to print black and white and color products.
• at the cost . It is better to pay more for a solid unit than to buy a cheap one that requires constant costs for adjustment or repair.

We should not forget about the furniture. It is necessary for the productivity of employees, the comfort of customers and for warehouse(shelves, racks, etc.). It is superfluous to mention a sufficient number of "consumables": paper, cartridges, paints, knives, film, fastening accessories. By the way, suppliers of consumables should be sought in advance.

Recruitment: what programs should a printing worker know?

The number of employees of the printing house largely depends on the workload of the company and the volume of services. Ideally 1-2 people per stage technological process: layout, editing, printing, cutting, stitching, packaging, delivery.

The key figures in the state are:

1. printers having a special education, versed in all the intricacies of printing production, able to set up equipment. Often real master saves the owner of the printing industry a lot of money repairing and adjusting the machine.
2. Sales Specialists ensuring the production load. They must be well versed in the specifics of the printing business, have experience in attracting customers, including cold sales.
3. layout designers . These are the direct creators of layouts - linkers of texts, illustrations and other elements. They require the skill of working in special programs: Adobe InDesign, QuarkXPress and Adobe PageMaker, Photoshop, Illustrator, CorelDraw. An important factor is the speed of execution of layouts. As a rule, customers limit the time for its creation to a rigid framework.

Additional staff involved in proofreading, post-press, shipping is also important. However, in order to save money, they are looking for employees who can perform several functions (as needed).

How to spin up a printing business from scratch: advertising and marketing of printing

Promotion of printing activities from zero is impossible without investing in advertising. An application for the existence of a new printing house is required.

Information can be conveyed to potential customers through the following marketing tools:

• Distribution of business cards, booklets, leaflets containing a list of services.
• Creating your own Internet resource - site.
• Placement of advertisements in the media and on the Internet.
• Calling possible "large" customers with the offer of favorable conditions.

All available paid and free ways. Working hours of constant client base contribute to orders executed qualitatively and within the stipulated time.

A ready-made printing business plan to help: calculating costs and profitability

Consider a business plan for a small printing house that prints color and monochrome printing, laminating, binding, scanning and other printing services. In other words, the company is engaged in printing forms, forms, leaflets, newsletters, copies of documents, brochures and business cards. Additional income comes from the development of corporate logos, notebook layouts, letterheads and other business documentation. Services are provided to individuals and legal entities.

Starting costs:

The amount of annual costs:

Note . It is important to take into account the specifics of the business, which involves:

• Quiet season in summer , although the monthly costs of rent and wages are not canceled.
• "Hot season" in the New Year period when more is needed Supplies.

Study the demand for printed materials in your region, you should definitely not limit yourself to activities within the city. Decide on a direction. There is a division in the printing house: small volumes with high quality and large volumes with a small range of services. If you can secure high volume orders by offering high level quality and providing wide selection services, success is guaranteed.

Find an experienced printer, by any means get his consent to work in your company. The specialist will help you choose high-quality equipment and create a real business plan, organize the productive work of the printing house.

Main risks

Most often, beginners make mistakes in the process of acquiring equipment, incorrectly calculating its power. This is manifested in the process of fulfilling a large order. As a result, deadlines are missed, you have to pay a penalty and restore your reputation for a long time. You can't skimp on equipment. High quality, high-volume printing capabilities and a wide range of modern services significantly increase the chances of getting solid customers and shortening the payback period due to large orders.

Location

The most important point in choosing a location for a printing house is the absence of competing firms nearby. In a small town, you can rent a room in the center or at some distance from it. In the metropolis, the cost of renting in central areas will absorb the lion's share of the young company's profits.

Excellent neighbors for the printing house will be schools, universities, notaries and advertising agencies. Location on busy streets, in places with high traffic of people always increases the chances of success for companies operating in the service sector. Experts do not recommend renting a room in residential buildings– even with perfect sound insulation and compliance with all sanitary norms there will definitely be residents who are dissatisfied with such a neighborhood.

The room itself can have an area of ​​​​30-40 m². The print shop with equipment should be separated from the office and the designer's office. Also, it is necessary to provide a place for a warehouse of raw materials and finished printed products. Availability of bathrooms and staff quarters are mandatory conditions to obtain health permits.

The building must have a powerful ventilation system, sewerage and the ability to conduct electricity necessary for uninterrupted operation equipment.

Equipment

A complete set of necessary equipment will cost about 250,000 rubles. With limited funds, you can buy used equipment. But it’s better not to save on equipment and purchase models that provide high performance.

An example set looks like this:

1. The risograph must provide wide opportunities to implement complex design projects. Approximate specifications:

Print speed 60-130 copies per minute.
A4 format.
Scaling - from 50 to 200%.
The master tape is rated for 4,000-5,000 copies.

2. Copier for A3 format.

A4 print speed - from 15 copies per minute.
The photo drum is designed for 100,000-120,000 copies.
Scaling - 50-200%.
The toner is designed for 3000 copies.

3. A3 laser printer.

A4 page print speed - 8 copies per minute.
The toner and photo-drum are rated for 7,500 pages.

4. Scanner.

Format - 216 x 279 mm.
Scaling - 59%-200%.
There is a function of direct transfer of the image to the printer.
One pass is a full scan.

This list of equipment is a guideline for choosing the minimum specifications to ensure the fulfillment of large orders. Also, for work you need powerful computers with modern video cards, powerful processors and a licensed software for design.

A complete set of office equipment is also a must. A successful printing house is not limited to working in its city, to work with clients in other settlements and regions, the office must be equipped with high-quality telephone communication and access to the Internet.

Also, before receiving the first profits, it is important to provide the printing house with funds for the purchase of consumables and spare parts for machines. For these purposes, it is recommended to have about 140,000 rubles in reserve.

Personnel

Owners of printing houses note the presence of great difficulties in finding qualified and experienced specialists in this field. Be sure to try to find a competent printer who can teach the secrets of the work of auxiliary workers, control manufacturing process and give advice on the acquisition of equipment and the purchase of consumables. Also, for full-fledged work printers need:

Operator - salary of about 30,000 rubles.
- Binder - salary about 20,000 rubles.
- Designer - salary about 30,000 rubles. or a certain percentage of the profits using his work. If you manage to find a good and creative person for this position, do not skimp on paying him. original design can be a significant competitive advantage.
- Account manager - salary about 25,000 rubles.

This is the composition of the team to start the work of the company. The number of employees depends on the workload of the printing house with orders. If you have a large order coming up, try to hire new workers in order to complete the amount of work in a timely manner.

Maintenance of financial documentation at the initial stage can be entrusted to a specialized firm under a contract. For the delivery of orders, you can also conclude an agreement with a transport company.

Documents and licenses

No special license is required for the production of printed materials. In the tax office, you can register an individual entrepreneur or LLC. An individual entrepreneur is suitable for a mini-printing house, the owner of which does not plan to expand and chooses private clients as the target audience. If you are looking to partner with legal entities and configured to fulfill bulk orders, it is better to choose the form of LLC.

The presence of employees implies registration with the pension fund, the employment service and other non-budgetary organizations. To start work, you must obtain permits from the fire department and the supervision service for compliance with labor protection rules.

Payback

During the year, with a normal number of orders, the average income of a small printing house is 1,200,000-1,500,000 rubles. total amount running costs during the year fluctuates between 1,000,000-1,300,000 rubles. Payback is achieved in 12-14 months.

Marketing

The first clients, as a rule, are quite difficult to find. Use any methods: phone calls to all firms and organizations that may need the services of a printing house, personal visits to leaders. It is very important to prepare product samples, create a booklet with blanks design decoration, colors and demonstration of paper quality. Study the working style of your closest competitors and emphasize your advantages.

Advertisement should be placed in printed publications, on various platforms on the Internet. Your banners and advertising signs should be present near the most popular establishments. Provide a wide range of services: scanning, binding, photocopying, laminating, high-quality and affordable color printing services.

Offer your services educational institutions. Production in any volume of methodological and teaching aids, visual materials will not only bring profit, but also allow you to gain a reputation as a serious company. Do commercial offers all organizations in the city - printing of forms, brochures, bulletins, various forms for paperwork, as a rule, is ordered in large volumes.

Always fulfill orders on time and with the highest quality. Offer reasonable discounts based on print volumes. Few offer a wide range of services. If you can provide customers with a lot of options, this will be a significant advantage. Suggest modern services- printing on clothes, mugs also brings a good income.

Summary

High-quality and modern equipment, a team of professionals and a wide range of unique services will allow the printing house to quickly reach high profits. Competent management and reasonable pricing policy will ensure an inexhaustible flow of customers.

The demand for printing services is constantly growing. This applies to both large and small runs.

The main share of small circulations falls on small printing houses and online printing shops. According to Sergei Pautov, CEO and the owner of Peter Polygraph LLC (there are four people on the staff), it is not necessary to seek large investments to open a mini-printing house, but initially to have an experienced specialist on staff is good who knows all printing process is necessary. You can start with a single-color offset press, you can get about $ 700 from it net profit per month.

According to experts, now the growth rate in this sector of the economy is declining, but the volume of printed matter is growing. A small printing house can develop, focusing on a specific customer, forming the appropriate equipment and work for him.

1 step Registration

To open a mini-printing house, it is enough to register a private enterprise.
Licensing of this type entrepreneurial activity not
provided.

Step 2 Customer

Opening a printing house must begin with a search for regular customers and
formation of a portfolio of orders.

At the first stages of work, orders can be transferred to existing printing houses.

Before buying equipment and finding a room, you need to create a system active sales. It is important to have a clear marketing strategy: what to print and for whom.

"At first, the owner of the printing house is forced to independently look for his first
orders. Through personal selling, calling, connecting acquaintances, etc.", -
advises Lyudmila Korykhalova, branch manager of Kopi R LLC. Currently, four main segments of the production of printed products have been identified: book and magazine direction, packaging and label production, advertising printing and newspaper production.

Advertising products are considered to be the most saturated sector of the market. leaflets,
booklets, calendars are printed by almost all printing houses. Technological
the manufacturing chain can be complete - from design development to
postpress - or partial, when the processes are distributed over
contractors.

The complete technological chain consists of: design studio, prepress
preparation with the withdrawal of photographic films, the manufacture of forms (the prepress takes on
designer himself), printing process, post-press preparation (cutting,
folding, embossing, collating, etc.).

The organization of the technological process is followed by the selection of equipment.
It is worth considering that customers prefer to use the services of those
printing houses, where they can be offered a full range of services: from
design development to finished packaged products.

"An important element of the work of a small printing house," says Lyudmila Korykhalova, "is the constant monitoring and optimization of printing processes. An error can result in the reworking of an order at one's own expense or the loss of a regular client." In addition, the mini-printing house that will ensure the quality and speed of order fulfillment will compare favorably. You can attract clients by introducing additional services. For example, the production of a small batch of pocket calendars in addition to the main order.

Step 3 Equipment and consumables

When choosing equipment, it is necessary to follow the principle of "the right machine in
right time in the right place."

And also remember which products are in demand in the market and in which
equipment to print it.

"A novice entrepreneur should consider buying a simple
second-hand one-color machine type Romayor, A3 format, copy frame for making molds, cutter. This equipment suitable for printing brochures, documents, flyers, etc. To start work, it is enough to have $6-7 thousand,” Sergey Pautov believes.
equipment is recommended to be selected based on the availability of a service center.

Common brands of equipment in Russia are Romayor,
Heidelberg, Roland and others.

4 step Room

It is worth deciding in advance where the printing shop will be located.

If the printing salon will be focused on the implementation of operational
printing, then ideal option will be placed in the premises
business centers, educational institutions and other walkable places.
Orders will also be taken there. To accommodate printing equipment, a warehouse for consumables of finished products and equipment, a place for a designer is enough for 20 m2.

The premises must be selected with suitable climatic conditions, a
also with ventilation and exhaust.

According to experts, to place production in residential buildings is not
recommended. This will certainly cause complaints from the residents of the house and force
look for a new place for production.

Step 5 Staff

important person, on which the work of any printing house depends, is
printer.

The staff of a mini-printer may consist of a printer, assistant printer, cutter, pre-printer, and order manager.

According to market participants, the most problems with finding a printer,
despite the fact that this profession is considered one of the highest paid in the city. The work of a printer is hard and harmful. "Printers
are always needed by everyone. There is no printing house that did not need
printers", says Konstantin Kovalev, RA Sales Manager
"Zebra". The frames are prepared by the printing houses themselves, Northwestern Institute press and
educational and methodological centers for retraining. Often the printers themselves
are engaged in training or poaching employees from other
enterprises. Search through ads or recruiting agencies
practically does not work, experts admit.

In smaller companies, the prepress specialist and designer,
usually the same person. Collection managers must
have an idea of ​​what printing is.

6 step specifics

The harvest period for the work of a small printing house is autumn and
winter period until the new Year.

"During this period, printing houses work in three shifts," says Konstantin
Kovalev. Held a large number of exhibitions, advertising campaigns, goes
preparation for the New Year. These activities require a lot
advertising spending.

Reference

Average cost of the main types of printed products
Name -- Circulation -- Cost price -- Final cost
Leaflet A4, -- 5,000 copies, full color, double-sided, glossy --$250 -- $350
Magazine 48 pages, -- black and white, color cover A4, 1000 copies. --$700 --$1000
Booklet A3, -- 1000 copies. -- $240 -- $380...