Tips from an experienced master for a beginner stove-maker. Kiln craft Old secrets of kiln craftsmanship

K category: Stove heating

In order to split a brick, you need to know that burnt, unburned and cracked bricks are not suitable for pinning. Brick is selected normal firing, without cracks. When struck with a hammer, it makes a clear sound.

For fathering, it is better to choose a slightly unburned brick.

Water for the preparation of a clay solution should not contain acid and alkali. The best option is to use rainwater.

The laying of the furnace must be carried out strictly according to the drawing and description. Each row must be compared with the drawing and immediately correct the mistakes made. Particular attention should be paid to the dressing of the seams, the horizontal rows and the verticality of the corners.

When laying out the first row dry between the bricks, a gap is left for a seam 5-6 mm thick. The corners are laid out on a square. The side walls between the corners are laid out exactly in a straight line, which is outlined by applying the rule. The walls of the furnace are made parallel to the walls of the building. For this, the distances from the extreme bricks of one side to the walls of the building are made equal. After laying the bricks of the first row dry, the contour is outlined with chalk, and only then do they begin laying with mortar.

The horizontality of the first row is achieved in the following way. One of the extreme bricks is placed on the mortar, a thicker layer of mortar is placed under the second brick, and a rule with a level is placed on these bricks. By pressing the second brick into the mortar, “a strict horizontal row is achieved. Do the same with the rest of the corner bricks.

To lay out the corners along the plumb line, nails are driven into the ceiling in the right places. A cord is attached to the nails, the lower ends of which are tied to nails driven into the seams in the corners. To achieve an accurate installation, the nails are bent in the right direction.

Small-sized furnaces can be built using retractable formwork. The formwork consists of guide posts made of angle steel, which are installed at the corners, and a wooden box without a bottom 50 cm high. The dimensions of the box around the perimeter are equal to the dimensions of the furnace. The box is inserted into the corner posts after laying the first rows, including the furnace door. Then the laying is carried out inside the formwork to its top. After its filling, the formwork is shifted up and the operation is repeated. If the formwork is to be used repeatedly, it is recommended to cover it with sheet steel so that the inner surface remains smooth longer.

The lining of the firebox with refractory bricks cannot be tied with ordinary bricks of the outer walls of the firebox, because refractory and ordinary bricks have different coefficients of thermal expansion.

Fireboxes and chimneys must not be coated with clay mortar inside.

For a better passage of flue gases, the inner surface of the chimneys should be smooth, the corners should be rounded, and the expansions should be smooth.
Burning potato peels reduces soot deposits in the chimney. Aspen logs are also suitable for this purpose. The draft is checked by burning paper folded into a tube at the blower door. With good draft, the flame is drawn into the blower hole.

If the furnace is laid in winter, the temperature in the room where the work is being carried out must be sufficient so that the solution does not freeze. The solution is made on water at a temperature of 18-20 ° C.



- Tips from an experienced master for a beginner stove-maker

The construction of stoves in the country, in houses or even on the street is not complete without a very important component - brick. Of course, today you can choose any brick by brand and by the type of clay from which it is made. Nevertheless, I can consider and recommend the M-250 brands as the most practical.

Secret number 1. Brick and everything connected with it ...

This brick has a lot of quantitative indicators that will allow you to operate your furnace, without additional repairs, for at least 15 seasons. But at the same time there is one subtlety - certification.

A branded sticker that accompanies the brick, which can be used in court if you find the wrong brand compared to the one declared.

When buying, please note that this brick is not sold in open pallets, it is usually packed in two or even three layers of polyethylene and under it, each pack will have such accompanying paper. Today, some manufacturers can produce bricks of the M-500 or even M-700 brand, but this brick is usually very expensive. The firing of this brick occurs under the influence of a temperature of 1300 - 1500 degrees, and many manufacturers cannot reach it and, as a rule, lower-grade bricks are sold under high-quality brands.

If you work in the warm season, and your brick was stacked, then, as a rule, its humidity is far from ideal and therefore, when working with it, it squeezes water out of the mortar. And it often happens that the mortar used for masonry dries out before it has time to set. This applies in particular to the laying of chimneys and other parts of the structure that are laid on cement mortar. Therefore, before laying, the brick should be “bathed” so that it is saturated with water and does not take water from the solution.

For "bathing" bricks, all the containers that are on your site are suitable. The mistake of many is that they simply water bricks stacked with a watering can, a hose, or simply from a bucket. Usually, the upper rows are saturated according to the norm, and the rest also receive less moisture and then “greedily” absorb it from the solution.

The brick is removed from the water five minutes before laying, the excess moisture leaves, and the internal moisture remains in the capillaries.

Kiln Secret #2. Installation of a coaxial chimney

Today, many builders prefer to use coaxial chimneys to remove smoke from the stove through the roof or with an elbow connection through the wall. This is both more constructively convenient and reduces the total mass of the furnace structure, which means that the foundation work for the furnace can be carried out at a lower cost both in terms of finances and time. But, it is necessary to make a reservation right away, the coaxial chimney should not be used if the stove is used twice a day, that is, the one that heats the room. This pipe, despite all the assurances of the manufacturers, will become completely unusable in five seasons.

The fact is that especially in winter, when the condensate becomes abundant, and the smoke, interacting with the condensate, forms an acidic environment, all this leads to the formation of significant areas of corrosion and the operation of these chimneys becomes dangerous. The main purpose of coaxial chimneys is the removal of smoke from sauna stoves, fireplace complexes and heating boilers running on natural gas and diesel fuel.

The coaxial chimney is sold in the form of separate "elbows" of various lengths, which are joined to each other by means of sealing rings on the body of the chimney. Be sure to use a “head” for the crown of the pipe to prevent rain or snow from getting inside the chimney and it is imperative to use rubber seals to pass the chimney through the roof.

Behind the apparent simplicity of installing a coaxial chimney, there is one construction trick that significantly increases the life of the chimney, preventing the basalt wool from the walls from crumbling down, and makes the attachment to the brick more reliable.

For work we need:

  • "Bulgarian" of low power with a cutting wheel for metal;
  • pliers;
  • a hammer.

Work is carried out only with an assistant and taking into account all safety measures (glasses, gloves and serviceable working tools).

First, we cut off 15-16 cm from the lower edge of the first chimney elbow to expose the inner chimney pipe. Using a sharp knife, remove the basalt wool along the cut line. Then, on the outer surface of the chimney, with a simple pencil, draw a circle removed from the edge of the chimney at a distance equal to the thickness of the wall (from the inner to the outer diameter). We draw stripes directed at an angle of 45 degrees to the base. And then “Bulgarian! We carefully saw through the steel of the chimney along the drawn lines.

The first inclined slots are ready, with this procedure it is very important not to overheat the metal, otherwise it will corrode faster in the future, so the power of the grinder should not exceed 0.8 kW. It is very important that the assistant, and not you, turn the chimney.

After the slots are ready, we proceed to drawing the stripes, which are also directed at an angle of 45 degrees, but tilted in the other direction. And we exactly repeat the process of sawing the metal of the chimney.

It is important that you stop exactly at the end of the line that you have drawn, otherwise you can ruin the chimney. Ideally, you should get isosceles triangles of cuts.

After that, we begin to bend the resulting triangles inward. You start the bend with pliers and end with a hammer, gently bending the triangle to a right angle with the outer layer of the chimney.

Make sure that the seal is bent along with the triangle. Strength is not important here, accuracy is very important.

After bending the last triangle, place the chimney elbow on a horizontal brick and check, using the building level readings, whether the knee lies flat on the base. If there are problems, it is better to fix them at this stage of the work than by fixing the assembled chimney.

In order to better see the brick pressing against the folds, it is better to use one brick, so you will determine exactly what needs to be fixed.

After this procedure, we begin to make cuts on the lower chimney pipe. We make, as the stove-makers say, “chamomile”. The width of one petal should be at least two centimeters, and at least ten centimeters long, and five centimeters will remain so that the row of bricks tightly presses the chimney.

Pay attention to the edges of the cuts, they should not be blue, it indicates that the metal has been overheated. The lower edge of the cuts is uneven, this will interfere with the laying of the chimney.

Then, with the help of pliers and a hammer, we give the petals a perfectly flat surface. This is best done on an anvil and not on the surface of a brick.

After the petals are aligned, check how the chimney will fit on the brick.

Now have your partner hold the knee upright while you simulate the chimney laying situation by laying out another row of masonry.

The chimney should not lie flat on the brick, because you must provide a distance for the thickness of the mortar joint.

Overheated cuts of the iron of the chimney will disable it in less than three to four seasons of operation, it has been tested in practice.

We collect the knees of the chimney on the ground, install them to the position where the knees pass the mounting lock and fix them on the screws and put on special inter-knee clamps.

These are special self-tapping screws for metal, with a wide clamping cover and a gimlet at the end. The people call them "seeds", they very well press the knees of the chimney to each other. Their length should be no more (!) 20 mm.

After that, we install the assembled chimney on a brick crown and fix it first on the roof, and only then we lay out the masonry.

We insert the chimney into the slot of the roof and fix it.

Cut out the desired diameter of the seal.

And we put it on the chimney.

The chimney, protective sheet and seal are all in place.

We attach the chimney to the crown and put the control brick.

Be sure to align the chimney according to the level readings, fix and display the two final rows of masonry.

Two rows of masonry are laid, it remains to put a metal collar on the crown of the brick pipe.

These are the two secrets of furnace craftsmanship today. To be continued.

Archaeologists attribute the appearance of the first stoves for heating a dwelling in Russia to the 9th-10th centuries. At the beginning of the XX century. such an ancient find was discovered in the form of untreated boulders folded into a kind of hearth, which were not held together by any solution.

Historians believe that in this form, a stove for heating a home and cooking existed until the beginning of the 15th century. A step forward in the development of the stove business was the “kurnaya”, that is, the stove, which was heated “blackly”. This means that even the semblance of a pipe for removing smoke did not exist, and it went outside through a hole in the ceiling.

Antonis Goeteeris, CC BY-SA 3.0

To arrange such stoves, no special art was required, most likely every owner in those days was "his own stove-maker."

Up until the 17th century, people in Russia were heated "black", until one day someone's "bright head" figured out that the smoke could be directed somehow. At first, they began to install a smoke cap - epancha, which was connected to a hole in the ceiling, above the stove.

Only about half a century later, a through pipe appeared, leading the combustion products of fuel straight to the street. This was the beginning of the design, which still remains almost unchanged and is called the Russian stove.

For the device of such a furnace, you already need to have special knowledge and skills. This is how the craft of the stove-maker arose.

About craft

As a rule, they studied as a stove-maker, as they say, "from under the arm." At first, the student was taken as an apprentice, then he could become an independent master. Often, whole dynasties of stove-makers arose, where skill passed from father to son.


unknown , CC BY-SA 3.0

Outstanding personalities took part in the development of the oven industry. Peter I tried to somehow modernize the stoves, borrowing ideas from abroad. Most likely, he sent our stove-makers there to study.

Mikhail Lomonosov was fond of furnace business and conducted scientific research to improve the scheme of the furnace.

Furnaces were modernized and improved. This is understandable, because neither ordinary people nor kings could do without heating in cold weather.


Hanna Zelenko, CC BY-SA 3.0

Despite the fact that scientists were engaged in the modernization of stoves, the stove-maker's craft in the 18th-19th centuries remained one of the lowest paid, especially in artels.

In 1865, the architect V. I. Sobolshchikov (1813-1872) wrote the book “Stove Mastery. A book that teaches how a good stove master should work and how to make such stoves that will heat and ventilate the room. In his book, he praises the importance of a quality stove-maker:

After reading my instruction on how a stove-maker should work, an honest master will say: you can work like that, but what should you take for such work? This can be answered: do what you should and take what you should.
The furnace master must be kept at home in the same way that a doctor is kept at the family.

The stove-maker's craft became more and more in demand with the development of technical progress, with the construction of factories and factories. We had to arrange special, special ovens. Of course, the design and schemes were developed by specialist architects. But it was impossible to do without good stove-makers.

Here is how the magazine "Advice of Professionals" describes the already modern stove-maker:

What is an approximate portrait of a modern stove-maker, a master of his craft: a little more than middle-aged.
The stove-maker is erudite - he can easily draw an analogy between the furnace "current century" and the "past century".
A professional stove-maker is a competent specialist, a person who has found his calling and knows the price of high-quality, skillful, meaningful and well-done work.

Professional quality

A stove specialist must have a wide range of skills and knowledge:

  • stonemason
  • tiler plasterer
  • carpenter
  • digger
  • fitter
  • concrete worker
  • locksmith
  • carpenter

And besides:

  • understand heat engineering
  • be able to mix the solution
  • understand the quality of materials

And that's not all. Experienced stove-makers joke that they also need to be psychologists in order to talk with customers, and artists, and economists.

Basic tools

  • The pickaxe hammer is the main tool of the stove-setter, it is used for splitting, trimming bricks, and also performs all the functions of a conventional hammer.
  • The trowel is another basic tool. Serves for spreading the solution.
  • A rubber mallet is used for upsetting and leveling bricks during laying.
  • The building level determines the horizontal laying of the furnace walls.
  • Roulette - a tool for measuring length-width-height.

In addition - plumb lines, grinders, drills and much more.

Craft in our time

The stove-maker's craft can now be called a profession. You can study at special courses, but there are very few vocational schools that train specialists in this area.

In the late 1990s, stove-makers began to unite in guilds. There is, for example, the Guild of Stove Makers of the Moscow Chamber of Crafts, in St. Petersburg there is a similar organization.

Photo gallery



Useful information

pecheklad
furnace master
to bake - to trade in the craft of a stove-maker
bakery

chicken hut

“Kurnaya”, that is, heated in black, the stove was the main, and among the peasants, the only heating device in a residential hut. A Russian adobe stove without a chimney and a stove built with your own hands from stone in clay mortar were called chicken stoves. And the hut is a chicken hut. As the name shows, the kiln stove did not allow a large fire to be built in it because of the danger of igniting a wooden hut.

Decrees of Peter I

The tsar forbade in St. Petersburg, in Moscow and in other large cities, the construction of black huts with chicken stoves. He introduced mandatory cleaning of chimneys from soot, the installation of heating stoves with indents from the wall (decree of December 10, 1722) and reduced the cost of making stove tiles. On the initiative of Peter 1, factories for the production of cheap bricks, tiles and stove appliances began to be built in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities, and trade in building materials for the construction of a furnace was opened.

Svizyaev I.I.

The architect Sviyazev Ivan Ivanovich (1797-1875) can be considered the central figure in the Russian bakery industry of the 19th century. The son of a serf, in 1815 he was admitted to the Academy of Arts, and in 1821, after receiving the free council of the Academy, he was awarded the title of artist-architect.

Since 1834 holds the position of senior architect of the commission for the construction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow.
Sviyazev I.I. during 50 years of his activity, he mainly studied and tested numerous designs of heating equipment, theoretically substantiated the methods of its design, and also invented many original fireboxes and stoves.

Beliefs

In the old days, mystical properties were attributed to stove-makers, as well as to blacksmiths. They tried to appease them and not quarrel with them, since they really could “plant kikimora” in the house of a miserly owner. That was the name of the doll, a sliver, which embodied the malicious and restless "house demon", well known in the Russian North.

Sometimes, folding the stove, they imperceptibly built a hollow bottle or the neck of a bottle or a squeaker into it. Then, when the stove was burning, sighs and howls were heard in the hut - a clear sign of the presence of a kikimora, which usually seemed to live just behind the stove.

Such tricks, as well as "bylichki" about these and similar intrigues, obviously, are the later rational reinterpretation and reinterpretation of the ancient confidence in the close acquaintance of these "knowledgeable" people with evil spirits.

USSR stove-maker

The practice of developing stoves in the USSR did not provide for compulsory licensing of stove-makers. The stove-makers were trained in vocational schools, vocational schools, trade schools, organizations that train workers at the state expense and have the right to do so, where they were issued a certificate of the established form.

In the USSR, stove-makers, along with specialists in other construction professions, were assigned categories from 1 to 6, and they worked as part of construction, repair and construction organizations and were not licensed. This gave them the right to engage in the furnace business. Furnace business, outside construction organizations, was "folk art", or individual entrepreneurship.

Many of us admire the fact that ovens built at the beginning of the 20th century are still in working condition and delight the eye with the perfect simplicity of their external forms, but this simplicity is so attractive that it was able to contain all the best from the world of visible and invisible forms. and exudes a stream of fertile energy. The question arises of how, at that distant time, from local building materials, such successfully operating and perfectly preserved long-lived stoves were obtained. And the answer is very simple, it lies on the surface and therefore is imperceptible, because they do not pay attention to it, but direct their gaze in another - a false direction.

The beauty! And they burn garbage in it.

To convey information to the reader, I will try to create a non-standard flow of text. This will require the ability to use standard words, but through a certain construction of phrases, even what is said then becomes an anchor and is filled with Power.

This Power will knock on the doors of Your Mind, and if the vibrational characteristics coincide, it will fearlessly let it into its near individual space and open its arms to accept the above.

In any profession, there are different levels of knowledge of their subject. This article is intended for those who have achieved the highest professional skills and deep knowledge of the stove topic. Naturally, we will speak from the point of view and from the Height of this Level, that is, from the Level of reference grandmaster norms, which in no way humiliates those who have not reached these heights, but, nevertheless, builds fully functional furnaces, of which the majority are expanses of Russian bakery.

Let's start with the fact that the construction of furnaces was carried out by the masters of this direction, who received their Knowledge and Secrets of this art by inheritance from their ancestors. Only the most worthy, who mastered the practice of stove building to perfection, were introduced to the world of the Spirits of those Elements, in whose department and under whose control the stove product was. When the master finished his career, he passed on his Spirit - the Patron to a worthy student, and they began to create together. The furnace was considered a spiritual Creation of the Creator, it was given a Name and a consecration ceremony was performed by a priest. The Creator's Creation, in turn, became the Creator of its Creation, which subdued Fire, gave birth to heat, and baked food. The furnace had its own unique character and temperament of the master-creator, who gave it life in close cooperation with Astra-mental forces, without which it is impossible to fertilize the embryo of the intended creation. Without their participation, the furnace will be a stillborn structure and will not emit the Gracious power, which is necessary where people will be present and food will be prepared. This furnace will have only a form and will be similar to an incubator egg, which does not carry the continuation of life, because it is empty and unfertilized, unlike the village ones, in which there is a clot of life. And it is so strong that when a person becomes ill, the disease is rolled out by this egg, the germ of which winds a web of disease around itself. The egg becomes inedible, and even hungry, homeless dogs disdain it. The oven, built without the patronage of the Spirit, has a passive information capacity, because it contains only the Yin or Yang beginning - it is, in fact, a disabled oven, although it has completed external forms. According to the laws of pair harmony, two incompatible opposite individuals, masters and beings of the world of invisible astral forms, exist peacefully, letting each other into their near intimate space, becoming one, striving for balance, that is, for existence despite changes. That is why, the master, the creator of the furnace creation, stands simultaneously with both feet in both worlds, without losing his path in any of them. Here, not the speed of movement is used, but the elimination of distance - this is a certain space of the zero point of time, where it is motionless, the so-called cosmic hour, during the duration of which Eternity and the expanses of the Universe were created.

If the Russian stove is the Queen of stoves and their recognized Queen, with a calm and peaceful character, then the sauna stove - its opposite is a quick-tempered Tsar and an arrogant King, with a proud and independent disposition, who does not forgive neglect of himself, requires a reverent attitude from us and even worship. In order to get in touch with the Spirit, in whose jurisdiction the sauna stoves are located, one must have the recommendations of the spirits of the lower Level, which are under his control. Furnaces of other directions are subjects and unintelligent children of Russian Spirits and Sauna stoves. When a furnace master builds furnaces under the Astral protection of the Spirit - the Patron, then this product will radiate a huge creative and healing power, similar to praying Icons, or centuries-old Dolmens. As a node of the Force, the furnace emits energy with a wavelength and vibrational characteristics similar to the vibration of living organisms. Being in the Zone of this radiation, a person receives that dose of radiant and healing energy that his body is able to receive and assimilate.

But along the way, the question arises whether it is possible, without the help of a teacher, to break into a parallel world and make contact with the Spirits of the elements. Yes, it is possible, but it is a long process and a difficult path. First you need to master the skill of the Furnace to perfection, learn to feel and understand the nature and whims of the materials used, love your profession and dissolve in it. Only by possessing knowledge of the material world, one can free and loosen its fetters and try to enter the chambers of the Spiritual World. For this it is necessary, Possibility, Ability and Desire, to unite into one whole. This thought form, being condensed by its own kind, turns into a crystal of thought, which is a form of thought. Thought, like energy, is not limited by anything, it is infinite and all-pervading. And although she does not see herself, she will see the result of her own creation, since she will be its creator. Reading and assimilation of information occurs through the enlightenment of the mind - this is a long process and a difficult path, but insight is instantaneous. Everything that was achieved during the period of enlightenment was perceived by the brain at the moment of insight. It is Illumination that gives strength to create unique masterpieces, no matter how complex they are. Because complexity is simplicity itself, laid out in detail. Artists, sculptors, poets also create by the power of illumination. To easily connect your consciousness to the energies of a parallel world, you need to grow a beard and long hair. They serve as antennas and help not to lose direction when communicating with the Spirits of the Elements. Due to long hair, women are more advanced in this range of contacts. As a rule, people associated with art wear a beard and long hair. The ministers of the Church use the same methods to contact the World of Guardian Angels and Spirits. But in order to see the matrix of insight, you need to enter with your eyes closed into the space of Darkness, or pull it on yourself. Its black color is the color of Strength and the King of all colors, it contains all the other colors of the visible spectrum. He is everywhere in everything and in everyone, he fills the universe with himself from the beginning of creation. He was never born and therefore cannot be destroyed, for he is the Messenger of the Anti-material Worlds. Darkness, absorbing Light, draws energy from it, and Light draws energy from Darkness, filling it with Itself. When connecting the Void of the Spheres of Light and Darkness, Information is born, it is not born in the Minds, it passes through them, and the brain is its Intermediary.

The black color is actively used by the ministers of the Church, in monasticism and Islam, it is in the same vibrational field with the space of Darkness and therefore is not rejected by it. The outstanding contemporary sculptor Dashi Namdakov, who is recognized by the civilized world community, whose works are acquired by the leading countries of the world, receives Illumination from a parallel spiritual Space. He spoke about this at one of his exhibitions. This allows him to create unique masterpieces. And, although in ordinary life he is invisible among the lower, but shines like a nugget among the Higher, and the first among the Equals.

The cube of the Kaaba in the great Mecca - the Shrine of Muslims around the world is also black, like the sacred stone of unearthly origin, located in it. The black color gave birth to all other colors, it is their Father and Mother, it contains both male and female principles, but there is no struggle of opposites. This is their cradle, it is from here that they begin to fill the rest of the Worlds.

Now in more detail it is possible to characterize the brick that was used in the construction of furnaces. As a rule, it was made by manual plastic molding, from the sand and clay of the area. Drying and firing were carried out in a handicraft way in small batches. All components of the furnace were born in the mineral kingdom of the area, and therefore their Rh factor characteristics coincided. In the body of the furnace, they worked as one, and there was no rejection of each other. The energy and Spirit of the master who erected the furnace, the Spirit of the mineral kingdom filling the array of the furnace, and the Spirit of the Astro-mental Patron filled the body of the furnace with joint energy, and it became a source of Power. While dismantling the stoves built in 1900 in the near Moscow region, I was delighted with their well-thought-out design and the quality of perfectly preserved bricks. Two years ago, from a similar brick, selected from the destroyed buildings built in 1825, I erected two stoves in the courtyard of the Church of St. Nicholas. This was a forced measure, since the Moscow Patriarchate had no money for building materials. And, although the brick was with deviations in the geometry of shapes and sizes, it was perfectly processed in all directions and successfully withstood two winter cold seasons, with a two-time furnace fire, in the morning and in the evening. The temperature of the walls was from +70 to +90 degrees.

Furnace brick should have a low brand, only such brick was used at that distant time in the construction of furnaces and it proved its right to exist. It had a pronounced porosity, was well processed, and was quite soft. It could easily be given any shape by processing with a hand tool and without injuring the internal array of bricks. But at the same time, it had high mechanical strength, it was used both in the firebox and in the outer walls. With minimal thermal expansion, it had an enviable fire resistance, and due to its high porosity, a long and uniform heat transfer is achieved. Those water vapors that are released during the burning of firewood at the start of ignition, when the temperature is low, are absorbed by the pores of the brick without damaging it. As the temperature rises, the brick releases the accumulated moisture back.

At present, oven bricks, in the vast expanses of Russia, simply do not exist. The brick that we purchase is intended for any construction work, but has nothing to do with stove building, although they call it stove. A modern brick does not contain the energy of Mother Earth, although once, in the form of components, it was in her womb. Passing through a string of electromagnetic fields, during its production, the living substance of his body is destroyed, and the brick becomes dead and empty, it will forever remain a passive Pentacle, although a product made from it may look Magnificent and please the eye with the beauty of its external forms, but this will already be a merit master, the Creator of his Creation!