How I did a septic tank in the country. Do-it-yourself septic tank for summer cottages - budget solutions for wastewater treatment. Septic tank from plastic barrels

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O One of the conditions for a comfortable pastime outside the city is the construction of a sewer system. At the same time, wastewater is discharged, collected and qualitatively disposed of. Such structures require regular cleaning. To avoid the frequent call of special equipment for pumping out waste, you can mount a septic tank with your own hands without pumping out for 10 years for a house and a summer residence. For the correct execution of installation work, it is necessary to learn more about the structural features of such structures.

A high-quality treatment system for a suburban area may have several chambers

Do-it-yourself septic tank without pumping 10 years for home and garden as a replacement for a cesspool

The need to install a sewer system arises when living in a country house throughout the year. In this case, there is a need for a sewer pit. This is a special sealed container where waste is collected. In such an installation, waste is not naturally disposed of, and pumping out with the help of a sewage truck is often required. Creating a septic tank with your own hands without pumping out for 10 years for a house and a summer residence is considered the best option.

The nuances of septic tanks for a private house do it yourself

For any design of a septic tank, pumping is required from time to time. Therefore, it is worth thinking about the organization of service maintenance.

Before installing the system, it is necessary to carry out calculations of a suitable volume, as well as determine the drainage capacity of the soil.

The septic tank is a solid and monolithic structure. The slower the water moves, the better it is purified.

It is important to choose the correct size of the septic tank. This will help the design work better. When using the system throughout the year, it must be buried half a meter below the freezing point. After 12-15 years of operation, the soil begins to silt.

Helpful information! In order for septic tanks to start working without pumping out, bacteria must settle in the tank. For this, a silty mixture is introduced. Instead, you can use kefir.

Device and principle of operation of the structure

A separator is used to collect wastewater. It separates solid and liquid components. Heavy substances settle at the bottom, and a crust forms on the surface.

With the help of bacteria, the biological processing of dense fractions takes place. In this case, gaseous components are formed, for which a withdrawal is required. A septic tank is a ditch with a soil bottom, in which the walls are additionally strengthened.

The design has the following sign of action: liquids slowly pass into the soil. The volume of the passed substance depends on the dimensions of the water column.

Device options without pumping out

Septic tanks for a private house can be of various designs. With your own hands, instead of a filter well, you can install a pipe system or a ditch with filtration. With the help of various equipment, it is possible to increase the productivity of the treatment plant.

For better performance of the device, the following modifications can be made:

• if a drainage pump is installed in the second chamber, then the accumulated water can be used for irrigation;
• using a compressor to move air through the separator device will help improve bacterial activity. This will reduce silt formations;
• the filter container can be laid out with stones, cavities are formed between them, where water will pass.

Related article:

How to choose the right place to place a septic tank

To create a high-quality septic tank with your own hands without pumping out for 10 years for a house and a summer residence, you need to choose the right place. It should be twenty meters from the drinking well and a meter from the passage of groundwater.

Water from it should be diverted away from the foundation. The volume of the structure must exceed the amount of water consumed by three times, since the effluents must settle in the tank for about three days.

If the placement site has a slope, then the system should be placed below the location of the main building.

Helpful information! The minimum distance from the building to the station must be at least five meters.

Calculations of the volume and depth of the future structure

Installation of treatment systems begins with marking the location of the water. This takes into account the depth of freezing of the soil layer. In order for the device to work fully, materials such as foam chips, expanded clay or polystyrene can be used.

The chambers of the structure must have a volume that is calculated taking into account the daily amount of wastewater. In doing so, the following points must be taken into account:

• the number of residents;
• use of sanitary equipment;
• features of the operation of household appliances;
• features of household work in the house and on the site.

Helpful information! According to SNiP, with a stock volume of up to 1 cubic meter per day, a design with a single chamber will be required. If the number varies from 1 to 10, then a two-chamber structure is selected. Three chambers are used for large volumes.

The price of septic tanks for a private house

Many treatment plants are offered by domestic manufacturers. Not only expensive devices are presented, but also budget septic tanks for a private house. The price depends on the number of cameras and performance.

The table shows the most famous models:

Do-it-yourself septic tank made of concrete rings: scheme and construction features

You can create a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands. The diagram shows the features of this design.

Concrete rings are among the most popular material for the construction of wastewater treatment plants. Design advantages include:

• speed of installation work;
• excellent tightness;
• long service life;
• strength.

The diameter of the structure should be chosen taking into account the volume. In this case, four rings are required for one chamber. The disadvantages include the limited volume and the high cost of erecting the structure.

After creating the pit, a foundation is made for the storage chambers. This area is being concreted. To equip the filter well, a crushed stone pillow is made. Rings are mounted one on top of the other. An important step is the laying of pipes to the well. In this case, it is necessary to correctly calculate the angle of inclination and diameter.

Chambers are sealed on both sides. For this, coating materials and cement mortar are used.

Construction of a monolithic concrete structure

Monolithic concrete installations are considered reliable and durable. They have the following benefits:

• long service life;
• practicality;
• high waterproofing properties;
• availability of materials.

The disadvantages of such structures include the need to install a reinforcing system and a low level of throughput. When performing concreting, the laying of a reinforcing mesh is required. From corrosion damage, it is necessary to create a layer of concrete on the site.

Helpful information! Before the installation of such an installation, formwork is performed. To create it, shields and OSB boards are used. These types of materials are characterized by increased moisture resistance and low cost.

The use of eurocubes

If you have certain materials, you can create a good septic tank from European cubes with your own hands without pumping. Eurocubes are special containers made of polymer raw materials. Under them, a concrete base is necessarily made. This will prevent the system from being dislodged by groundwater.

The plastic installation must be insulated before installation. Then the structure is concreted and filled with water. Ventilation pipes are brought to the surface. In this case, filtration fields and filter cassettes are used.

Helpful information! To improve the purification process, biological additives are recommended that increase the rate of particle decomposition.

How to use barrels?

Often a barrel is used to make a septic tank. A similar design is made of several chambers. The process of fluid movement is carried out by gravity. To do this, the installation is carried out below the installed pipes.

To increase the structure, a second barrel can be installed. During installation, tightness must be observed. This building has many advantages. This is an extensive range, resistance to aggressive factors and a long service life.

Plastic products

It is easy to install from a plastic barrel. It does not require special maintenance. If the building is used for permanent residence, then you can use a cistern, a whole tank or a plastic cube.

Septic tanks for summer cottages with a high level of groundwater: installation features

A special approach requires the use of septic tanks for summer cottages with a high level of groundwater. At the same time, it is important to think over the wastewater treatment system. For this, a sealed and cumulative design is used. At the same time, the system is protected from the intrusion of underground fluid. But such a structure requires regular cleaning with special equipment.

For mounting a sealed container, plastic or concrete is used. This design is divided into chambers, which are designed for the supply and removal of stock liquids.

Helpful information! If the structure is installed without pumping out the liquid, then additional wastewater treatment is performed. In this case, special filtration cassettes are used.

Article

A cesspool is the simplest, but not very successful option for an autonomous sewage system in a private house. Modern technologies offer more convenient solutions, such as on-site treatment plants for industrial production.

A skilled builder is quite capable of making a septic tank with his own hands without pumping out. What options for odorless septic tanks are popular among owners of private houses and what is required for their construction - we will consider all this in our article.

We will also give an example of assembling a septic tank from concrete rings and compare ready-made solutions offered by the market with homemade ones.

Septic tanks are called sewer facilities, which almost completely process wastewater, decomposing them into safe components.

All work on the transformation of human waste is assigned to microorganisms. Unappetizing sewer masses are gradually processed by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria into water and activated sludge.

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If the device is insulated and properly preserved, it is not afraid of either winter frosts or spring floods. It will not float or crack even if some of its contents freeze.

It is important, of course, to properly install the device. In the process of processing wastewater, bacteria effectively eliminate the odor characteristic of sewage.

The resulting water, of course, is not suitable for drinking, cooking, washing or other domestic needs. With a high degree of purification, it can be used to water plants on the site.

Often water is removed through a filtration well or filtration field. Water gradually enters the soil, passing through the cleaning system, a layer of sand and gravel.

The sludge that settles at the bottom of the sealed container, of course, does not go anywhere. It accumulates, as a result of which the total volume of the septic tank decreases slightly. When the amount of deposits becomes critical, the device should be cleaned using a special pump.

Cleaning a septic tank is performed much less frequently than pumping out a cesspool, and this process is usually not accompanied by a stench, since the sludge has a completely neutral smell.

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Outside, the septic tank is covered with a layer of waterproofing. Some masters recommend lubricating not only the joints, but the entire capacity of the device

The trench for the sewer pipe leading from the house to the septic tank without pumping and odor is laid with a slight slope. At the junction of the septic tank and the pipe, a hole of suitable size is made in the thickness of the concrete.

In the same way, overflow pipes are installed that connect the individual parts of the septic tank. All junctions of the septic tank with pipes must be sealed and covered with a layer of waterproofing.

At the bottom of the last section of the septic tank, instead of cement mortar, a gravel-sand filter is laid. First, they fall asleep and level the sand, and then a layer of gravel.

It is also allowed to use crushed stone of a suitable fraction for these purposes. The thickness of the filtration layer should be approximately 30-40 cm.

As the top floor of a septic tank made of concrete rings, a special round slab of a suitable size with an airtight lid is used.

After all the sections of the septic tank are ready, you need to cover them with round concrete slabs, which can be purchased from reinforced concrete manufacturers complete with concrete rings.

These lids have holes with sealed concrete lids. It remains to backfill the pits, and the septic tank can be considered ready for operation.

Other options for homemade septic tanks

In addition to concrete rings, other materials can be used to create a septic tank. Let's consider the most popular materials and options for making septic tanks.

Option # 1 - a septic tank from a eurocube

The eurocube has already been mentioned - a sealed plastic container.

It is relatively easy to install such a septic tank, but the low physical weight of the plastic should be taken into account. During a spring flood, groundwater can simply push a light container to the surface.

To weight such a septic tank, a concrete slab with metal hinges should be laid at the bottom of the pit. The container is fixed to these loops with a metal cable. Sometimes such a septic tank is made heavier with the help of some heavy object, which is fixed at the top of the device.

Option #2 - monolithic concrete structure

A concrete septic tank can be made using pouring. In this case, it is not necessary to make several pits; you can get by with one large structure and a rectangular configuration.

First, the bottom is concreted, then the formwork is installed and the walls of the septic tank are poured. To divide a large capacity into several sections, concrete walls are made inside.

To pour a concrete septic tank with a mortar, you will need to build a wooden formwork, in which holes for overflow pipes are immediately made

A septic tank can be made with your own hands from concrete blocks or bricks, but the masonry should be as tight as possible.

Another option is to make . However, such a material cannot provide sufficient tightness to protect the soil from untreated effluents.

With the help of tires, you can only make a variant of a permeable cesspool. The life of such a device is significantly limited, unlike a capital septic tank, which, with proper maintenance, can last for decades.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

This video shows in detail the option of creating a two-chamber septic tank:

Of course, a homemade septic tank does not always provide the same high degree of cleaning as modern VOCs. Nevertheless, these structures function very successfully with relatively low costs for their installation and maintenance.

When building a septic tank, it is important to adhere to technical standards in order to prevent contamination of groundwater.

Do you use a homemade septic tank without pumping? Tell us what type of building you prefer and is it enough for your family? How often do you clean and what measures do you take to winterize your septic tank?

Leave your comments under our article - your experience in building and operating a homemade septic tank will be useful to many owners of private houses and summer cottages.

To make life in the country comfortable, it is necessary to carry out the main communications - plumbing and sewerage. In suburban areas, there is often no centralized sewerage network, so each owner of the house solves the problem on his own. Periodic use of the dwelling does not require the installation of expensive and complex equipment, it is enough to arrange a septic tank.

Often in summer cottages, the function of collecting wastewater is performed by a cesspool. If the house is not equipped with a plumbing system, this option is quite justified, but with the installation of plumbing fixtures and a large volume of drained water, it is not enough. In this article, we will talk about how to make a sewer in a country house with our own hands in various ways (from concrete rings, barrels, without pumping), and also demonstrate diagrams, drawings, photo and video instructions.

Sewerage should be built according to the developed project, including schemes for external and internal piping.

Two-chamber septic tank

The most convenient is the installation of a collector of two chambers connected by an overflow pipe. Let's find out how to arrange it yourself.

1. Work begins with digging a pit in a place chosen taking into account all sanitary requirements. The volume of the structure depends on the number of people living in the country. You can dig a pit manually or with an excavator.
2. At the bottom of the pit, a sand cushion up to 15 cm high is formed. The depth of the pit is 3 meters.
3. It is necessary to install formwork from boards or chipboard. The design must be reliable. Next, a reinforcing belt is formed from metal rods tied with steel wire.
4. It is necessary to make two holes in the formwork and insert pipe trimmings. These will be places for the entrance of the sewer line and the overflow pipe between the sections.
5. The formwork is poured with concrete, which is distributed throughout the entire volume with the help of a vibrating tool. The design of the septic tank must be monolithic, so it is advisable to fill the entire formwork at a time.
6. In the first compartment, the bottom is poured with concrete, a sealed section is formed, it will serve as a sump. Here, the wastewater will be divided into solid coarse fractions that sink to the bottom, and clarified water that overflows into the adjacent section. For better decomposition of solid residues, aerobic bacteria can be purchased.
7. The second compartment is made without a bottom; it can be made not only from monolithic walls, but also using concrete rings with a diameter of 1–1.5 meters, stacked on top of each other. The bottom of the well is covered with a thick layer of sedimentary rock (crushed stone, pebbles, gravel) to filter wastewater.
8. An overflow pipe is laid between the two sections. It is installed at an inclination of 30 mm per linear meter. In height, the pipe is located in the upper third of the wells. The number of sections is not necessarily limited to two; a four-section septic tank can be made to provide better cleaning.
9. The overlap of the septic tank is made independently, using formwork and concrete, or ready-made reinforced concrete slabs are used. Be sure to arrange a hatch that allows you to control the filling of sections and exhaust. The pit is filled with sand and selected soil. The sump of such a system will be cleaned every 2-3 years.

Due to the ease of installation, many summer residents prefer to make a septic tank from concrete rings.

If the soil in the area is clayey or groundwater is very close to the surface, it will not work to arrange a septic tank of this design. You can stop at a sealed container of sufficient volume, securely installed and fixed to a concrete slab in the pit.

Another option is a biological treatment plant. Local stations are convenient and efficient, they are indispensable for suburban buildings of a large area. Specialists are engaged in the installation and launch of the device, the cost of such a station is acceptable for a narrow circle of summer residents.

External line laying

From the exit of the sewer pipe from the house to the septic tank, it is necessary to lay a pipeline. The main line must lie at a slope providing the flow of polluted water. The larger the diameter of the pipes you use, the smaller the angle of inclination required for their operation, on average it is 2 degrees. The depth of the trench for laying pipes should be greater than the amount of winter freezing of the soil. If the trench is shallow, provide thermal insulation for the line.

The average depth for laying sewers is 1 meter, in warm regions it is enough to go down by 70 cm, and in cold regions you will need to dig a pit up to 1.5 meters. The bottom of the dug hole is covered with a dense cushion of compacted sand. This procedure will protect the pipes from soil displacement.

The best option would be to lay a direct pipeline to the collector. If necessary, make a turn, this place is equipped with a manhole. For the line, you can use plastic and cast iron pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, their connection must be tight. After installation, the pipeline is covered with sand, and then with soil.

The design, which does not require regular pumping of sewage, consists of several tanks operating simultaneously. It can be two / three-chamber septic tanks. The first tank is used as a sump. It is the largest in size. In two-chamber septic tanks, the sump occupies ¾ of the structure, and in three-chamber ½. Here, a preliminary treatment of wastewater takes place: heavy fractions settle, and light fractions are poured into the next compartment as the first one is filled. In the last part of the septic tank, the final post-treatment of wastewater takes place. The water is then directed to the filtration fields/drainage well.

The first 2 compartments must be sealed. The last chamber has holes in the walls/bottom. Thus, purified water seeps into the ground, which helps to avoid the systematic pumping of waste without causing irreparable damage to the soil.

It is worth considering that in wastewater, in addition to organic matter, there are also insoluble impurities. In view of this, such a design will also have to be periodically pumped out in order to get rid of the sediment that accumulates in the sump. This can be done with a fecal / drainage pump. The frequency of maintenance of a septic tank depends entirely on the size / volume / composition of wastewater.

For the independent construction of such a septic tank, you need to correctly calculate its volume. It depends on the water consumption of your household. The norm of water consumption per person is 200 liters per day. So, multiplying this amount by the number of households, you will get the daily rate of water consumption in the house. Add another 20% to the resulting figure.

18 m 3. In this case, you need a septic tank that has a depth and length of 3 m each, and a width of 2 m. Multiplying all sides, you get 18 m 3. The minimum distance from the bottom of the septic tank to the drain pipe is 0.8 m.

The advantage of the treatment system is that the sludge is processed by anaerobic bacteria, as a result of which it settles to the bottom in a much smaller volume. Gradually, this sediment thickens and rises. When the sludge reaches the overflow level, the septic tank must be immediately cleaned. The septic tank needs to be cleaned infrequently. This is due to the fact that the volume of sludge for 6 months will be from 60 to 90 liters.

Volatile septic tanks have built-in pumping units. Their non-volatile analogues should be cleaned manually or using sewage equipment.

However, not so long ago, biological preparations with special enzymes appeared, processing sludge into acid, and then into methane and carbon dioxide. To remove these gases, you just need to install ventilation in the septic tank. Thus, your septic tank will become an absolutely waste-free, safe and energy-independent treatment plant.

Bacteria need to be "fed" with oxygen for greater efficiency of their work. Tanks for a septic tank can be bought or made independently.

Before installing the finished structure of the septic tank, it is necessary to determine a suitable place for this. The minimum distance between the septic tank and the house is 5 m. The sewer pipes leaving the house should go directly to the septic tank. Turning the pipeline is best avoided, because it is in such places that blockages form.

The septic tank should not be installed near trees, as their roots can damage the integrity of the body. The depth of the septic tank and sewer pipes directly depends on the level of soil freezing.

If groundwater is close to the surface, then reinforce the bottom of the pit with a concrete slab / screed. The size of the pit will depend on the size of the septic tank. If you have to install a compact structure, then it is easier to dig a pit manually in order to save money.

The pit should be slightly wider than the septic tank body. The gaps between the walls and the ground should be at least 20 cm, and preferably more. If there is no need to strengthen the bottom, then you should still lay a sand cushion 15 cm thick (meaning the thickness of compacted sand).

The top of the septic tank should rise above the ground. Otherwise, melt water in the spring will flood the equipment of the device.

After installing the base of the pit, lower the septic tank into it. This can be done with the help of cables placed in the stiffeners of the septic tank. In this case, you can not do without an assistant. Next, connect the device to communications, after digging trenches for pipes, laying a sand cushion and installing pipes. They should be laid under a slight slope - 1-2 cm per linear meter. Pipe laying is carried out to a depth of approximately 70–80 cm.

The septic tank should be installed strictly according to the level. It will work better in a horizontal position.

To connect the sewer pipe to the septic tank, a hole of the appropriate diameter should be made in it. This is done according to the instructions for the cleaning system. After that, you need to weld the pipe to the hole. To solve this problem, you will need a polypropylene cord and a building hair dryer. When the pipe has cooled down, it will be possible to insert a sewer pipe into it.

If you are connecting a volatile septic tank, then after these steps you need to connect the electrical cable. It is carried out from the shield to a separate machine. It must be laid in a special corrugated pipe and placed in the same trench as the sewer pipe. The septic tank has special holes with stamps. Connect a cable to them.

If the level of soil freezing in your area is large enough, then insulate the septic tank. Insulation can be any heat-insulating material that can be used for laying in the ground.

After completing the connection of electricity and pipes, the septic tank should be covered with soil. This is done in layers of 15–20 cm. To equalize the pressure in the process of backfilling the soil, water must be poured into the septic tank. In this case, the water level should be slightly higher than the backfill level of the pit. So, gradually the entire septic tank will be underground.

If you are not satisfied with a ready-made plastic autonomous sewage treatment system, due to its size or cost, then you can make a septic tank from several compartments yourself. An excellent inexpensive material for the implementation of the plan is concrete rings. You can do all the work yourself.

Among the advantages of a septic tank from reinforced concrete rings, we note the following:

• Affordable price.
• Unpretentiousness during operation.
• The ability to perform work without the help of specialists.

Of the shortcomings, the following deserve attention:

1. The presence of an unpleasant odor. It is impossible to make the structure absolutely airtight, and therefore the formation of an unpleasant odor near the septic tank cannot be avoided.
2. The need to clean the chambers from solid waste using sewage equipment.

It is possible to reduce the frequency of the need to pump out a septic tank if bioactivators are used. They reduce the amount of solid fractions due to the fact that they accelerate the process of their decomposition.

If the installation of the rings is illiterate, then the septic tank will be leaky, which will increase the risk of untreated sewage penetrating into the ground. But, with proper installation, the septic tank will be airtight, so this drawback of the system is rightfully called conditional.

The scheme for the construction of a septic tank, as a rule, includes 1-2 chambers designed for settling and treating wastewater and a filtration field / filter well.

If few people live in your house and a minimum of plumbing devices are connected to the sewer, then you can easily get by with a septic tank, consisting of one sump and a filter well. And vice versa, if you have many households and many devices are connected to the sewer, then it is better to make a septic tank from two chambers and a filtration well.

How to calculate the required volume for a septic tank has already been described above. According to building codes, the septic tank chamber must contain a three-day volume of wastewater. The volume of the reinforced concrete ring is 0.62 m3, which means that in order to build a septic tank for 5 people, you will need a sump of five rings. Where did this amount come from? For 5 people, you need a septic tank with a volume of 3 m 3. This figure must be divided by the volume of the ring, equal to 0.62 m 3. You will get a value of 4.83. It needs to be rounded up, which means that in order to equip a septic tank in this particular case, you will need 5 rings.

The pit must be of such a size that it can accommodate the septic tank chambers and the filter well. These works, of course, can be done manually, but it is long and very difficult, so it is more cost-effective to order digging a pit from a company with earthmoving equipment.

The bottom of the pit at the installation site of the sedimentation chambers must be concreted in order to avoid the possibility of penetration of untreated effluents into the ground. Before starting concrete work, it is necessary to drain a part of the bottom of the pit for the installation of sedimentation tanks, laying a sand cushion on it, with a layer of 30–50 cm.

If you do not want to concrete the bottom, then you can purchase reinforced concrete rings with a blank bottom. They will need to be installed first in a vertical row.

The place for the filter well also requires the preparation of the base. Under it, you need to make a pillow of sand, crushed stone and gravel with a thickness of at least 50 cm.

To install the rings, you will have to order the services of lifting equipment. It is very difficult to perform these tasks manually. You can, of course, install the rings by digging under the bottom ring. But this method is labor intensive. Yes, and the bottom will have to be filled after the installation of the last ring, which will entail a number of inconveniences. In view of this, it is better not to save on ordering lifting equipment.

Typically, the rings are fastened together with a solution, but for greater structural reliability, they can be fastened with metal plates or staples. In this case, your septic tank will not suffer due to ground movement.

Now it's time to organize an overflow, and for this you need to bring pipes to the rings. It is better that they work on the principle of a water seal, that is, they must be installed with a bend.

To seal the joints, you need to use a solution with an aqua barrier. From the outside, the tanks must be treated with coating or built-up waterproofing.

Another option is to purchase plastic cylinders installed inside the well. In this case, the likelihood of dirty water ingress will be minimized.

Installation of ceilings / backfill

Finished wells must be covered with special concrete slabs, in which holes are provided for mounting sewer manholes. Ideally, the backfill of the excavation should be carried out with soil with a high percentage of sand in its composition. But if it is impossible to realize this, the pit can be covered with soil removed from it before.

Now the septic tank can be put into operation.

The wastewater treatment system from barrels, as well as a similar design made of concrete goods, can be two- or three-chamber. Wastewater will flow into it by gravity, so it must be installed below the sewer pipes. The principle of operation of this device is similar to the construction of reinforced concrete rings.

To equip an autonomous sewage system according to the principle of a treatment system, you can use any containers. These can be old metal/plastic barrels. The main thing is that they are airtight.

If you decide to make a septic tank from metal barrels, then they should be pre-treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Plastic containers have several advantages over their metal counterparts:

1. A wide range of plastic containers that can be used to equip a septic tank.
2. Barrels are highly resistant to the aggressive effects of effluents. Therefore, they last longer than their metal counterparts.
3. The light weight of the containers simplifies their installation at the place of permanent deployment.
4. Plastic does not need to be further processed, unlike metal.
5. The high tightness of the barrels excludes the possibility of the penetration of dirty water into the ground.

Plastic barrels must be securely fixed when installed in the ground, because due to spring floods or winter frosts, they can be squeezed out of the ground. In view of this, plastic barrels are fastened with cables to a concrete base (it must first be poured or a reinforced concrete slab installed). In order not to crush plastic barrels, backfilling should be carried out very carefully.

For seasonal use, sewage from metal barrels is also suitable, but for stationary use this is not an option.

The popularity of metal containers for arranging sewerage is associated with their compactness and ease of installation. As a cover, you can use a wooden blank of the appropriate size or the one provided by the manufacturer. To install a metal septic tank, you need to dig an appropriate pit, which also needs to be concreted - walls and bottom.

Metal containers do not have a long service life even after they have been treated with anti-corrosion compounds. Therefore, their installation as a septic tank may be unprofitable. Buying stainless steel containers is not an option, as these products are very expensive.

Maybe you decide that in this case you can buy barrels with thin walls. However, this is also not the best solution, since such a septic tank can be pushed out during operation. Yes, and such barrels have a limited capacity - up to 250 liters, which is not suitable for a large family.

For the installation of a reliable wastewater treatment system, it is better to use factory polymer barrels.

To make a septic tank from 220 l barrels, you will need the following materials:

• geotextile - 80 m 2;
• sewerage pipe Ø110 m, length 5 m;
• crushed stone fraction 1.8–3.5 cm, approximately 9 m 3;
• corner for sewerage at an angle of 45 and 90º - 4 pcs.;
• plastic barrel with a volume of 220 l - 2 pcs.;
• coupling, flange - 2 pcs.;
• wooden peg - 10 pcs.;
• Y-shaped sewer tee - 4 pcs.;
• building level;
• drainage perforated pipe in the filter 5 m - 2 pcs.;
• epoxy two-component sealant - 1 pc.;
• glue for PVC - 1 pc.;
• water tape - 1 pc.

Of the tools you will need:

• Shovel.
• Electric jigsaw.
• Rake.

For a summer house / small country house, with economical use, standard plastic barrels are suitable. Installing such a cleaning system is easy. If you do not drain black drains into the sewer, then the septic tank will be unpretentious in maintenance. If the house has a toilet, then the sewer will have to be cleaned regularly, calling for sewage equipment.

For private houses with permanent residence, barrels will not be enough. For sewage, it is better to purchase plastic cubes / tanks / tanks. The process of their installation in the ground does not differ from the installation of barrels.

The distance of the septic tank from the house should not exceed 15 m. Too much distance will complicate the process of connecting the sewer to the house:

• there is a need for a large deepening of the pipeline;
• on the way to the septic tank, you will need to install a revision well.

The sewerage system from metal barrels does not require large financial investments and complex installation work. To begin with, as in previous cases, you need to prepare a pit, and then install 2 barrels, each of which has a volume of at least 200 liters. Then pipes are installed for overflowing liquid from one barrel to another and a transition to the filtration fields / drainage well.

Each subsequent container must be located below the previous one in level.

The joints must be sealed, and the barrels must be insulated with foam. After that, the pit with a septic tank is filled up. Since, as mentioned above, metal barrels are short-lived, you need to be prepared for the fact that after 3-4 years they will need to be replaced.

Scheme

The problem of hygiene and comfort is always faced by a person who decides to move to a permanent place of residence in the private sector, where there are often problems with showers and toilets that are familiar to the inhabitants of the "stone jungle". Indeed, in such cases, it is often not possible to connect your housing to centralized communication systems, including the sewage disposal system. And that is why, before building the house itself, most of the owners of land plots also plan arrangement. How to do it, what is needed for this and how difficult is it?

Septic - what is it

Table. The main types of septic tanks.

Cesspool or septic tank - which is better?

For decades and even centuries, people built ordinary cesspools near their homes and in household plots to equip the sewer system (if you can call it that).

These holes have the following disadvantages:

• fragility of use;
• an ordinary cesspool is not able to cope with large volumes of wastewater, which have increased significantly over the past decades, because bathrooms, washing machines, dishwashers, and swimming pools have appeared in private homes;
• complexity of maintenance - too large volumes of wastewater will require pumping out waste several times a week, which can hit your pocket hard;
• there is a high risk of runoff entering groundwater and environmental pollution - cesspools often do not have a sealed bottom and walls at all:
• an unpleasant smell hovering next to the pit;
• problems with neighbors and sanitary inspection services.

All of the above disadvantages of a cesspool are absent from any properly equipped septic tank. It is more efficient, durable, economical, less likely to need cleaning and processing, and there is a special one for this. Although outwardly very similar to an ordinary cesspool, the filtration system in it is much more complicated. Rather, in the cesspool, it can be said to be completely absent.

However, the arrangement of a septic tank must also be carried out in accordance with certain sanitary standards - you cannot equip it anywhere and in any way. A septic tank can now be purchased at a specialized store or ordered to be built by craftsmen. But it is much cheaper to equip it with your own hands. Before you start building a septic tank, you will need to create its scheme, determine the size and location.

To have some kind of structure in your dacha that would not only collect wastewater, but also somehow purify them - this desire exists among many summer residents and owners of houses located outside the city. Most of them even seek to equip a septic tank with their own hands for a summer residence and are looking for the simplest options for such structures. It is to them that we address our article in order to provide them with the necessary amount of primary information.

The current septic tanks are fundamentally different from those traditional containers that existed earlier and were intended only for the accumulation of effluents, which were later taken out by sewage trucks.

Country "birdhouse", towering over the septic tank in its primary sense

The achievements of modern technologies have now made it possible to talk about the possibility of creating such a septic tank with your own hands for home and summer cottages, so that the water purified in it can even be reused, at least for household needs. In particular, such treatment facilities have already been developed, for example, where water purification is multi-stage, consisting in settling and subsequent clarification using anaerobic microorganisms.

How a septic tank works

How to start a septic tank for a country toilet with your own hands

First of all, you should think about the fact that the use of a septic tank is not limited to servicing the toilet. This facility is quite capable of absorbing and processing all types of wastewater that may be present in a residential building.

Then you should decide what the septic tank will consist of: from factory-made elements and containers, or it will be built, for example, from concrete rings, which we already wrote about. Based on the decision made, it is necessary to draw up a diagram and choose the location of the future structure on the site. This should be done so that all currently existing .

When preparing to cock even a mini-septic tank for a summer cottage with your own hands, you must remember that the design of the future system will include several chambers, each of which is designed for the corresponding type of cleaning. All containers must be connected by airlifts (pipes).

Septic tank for a summer residence: price and arrangement options

A do-it-yourself septic tank for a summer residence, as we have just indicated, can be constructed in two ways:

• by mounting prefabricated structures;

Installation of a finished septic tank

• by building from building elements.

Construction of a treatment plant

If you want to initially determine the level of expenses, then they will consist of the cost of materials (ready-made septic tank or building elements for its construction) and the cost of work. The last cost component - the cost of work - can be minimized if a decision is made to install a septic tank for a country toilet with your own hands.

The price of finished septic tanks depends on the brand and model of the product. If you want to limit yourself, for example, to a simple Eurocube, then its price is from 4.5 thousand rubles. If concrete rings are used during the installation of the treatment plant, then the price per piece starts from 350 rubles.

So, we have provided you with initial information that will allow you to determine the scope of work and the upcoming level of expenses if you decide to make a septic tank with your own hands for your home and garden.