According to various estimates, there are from 1000 to 1500 active volcanoes on Earth. There are active, that is, constantly or periodically erupting, dormant and extinct volcanoes, on the eruption of which there is no historical data. Almost 90% of the active volcanoes are located in the so-called fiery belt of the Earth - a chain of seismically active zones and volcanoes, including underwater ones, stretching from the coast of Mexico to the south through the Philippine and Indonesian archipelagos and to New Zealand.
The largest active volcano on earth is Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii, USA - 4170 m above sea level and about 10,000 m from the base on the ocean floor, the crater has an area of more than 10 square meters. km.
January 17, 2002 - the eruption of the Nyiragongo volcano in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. More than half of the city of Goma, 10 km away, and 14 surrounding villages were buried under lava flows. The element claimed more than 100 lives and expelled up to 300 thousand inhabitants from their homes. Huge damage was done to coffee and banana plantations.
On October 27, 2002, the Sicilian volcano Etna, the highest in Europe (3329 m above sea level), began to erupt. The eruption ended only on January 30, 2003. Volcanic lava destroyed several tourist campsites, a hotel, ski lifts and Mediterranean pine groves. The volcanic eruption caused damage to the agriculture of Sicily by about 140 million euros. It also erupted in 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2011.
July 12, 2003 - the eruption of the Soufriere volcano on the island of Montserrat (the Lesser Antilles archipelago, British possession). An island with an area of 102 sq. km caused significant material damage. Ashes that covered almost the entire island, acid rain and volcanic gases destroyed up to 95% of the crop, and the fishing industry suffered heavy losses. The territory of the island was declared a disaster zone.
On February 12, 2010, the Soufrière volcano erupted again. A powerful "rain" from the ashes fell on several settlements of the island of Grand-Terre (Guadeloupe, possession of France). All schools in Pointe a Pitra were closed. The local airport temporarily stopped its work.
In May 2006, during the eruption of Mount Merapi on the Indonesian island of Java, the most active of the 42 volcanoes on the island, a four-kilometer column of smoke and ash rose, in connection with which the authorities announced a ban on overflights of aircraft not only over Java, but also on international airlines from Australia to Singapore.
On June 14, 2006, the eruption occurred again. Up to 700 thousand cubic meters of red-hot lava flowed down the slopes. 20 thousand people were evacuated.
As a result of the eruption on October 26, 2010, which lasted about two weeks, lava flows spread over five kilometers, more than 50 million cubic meters of volcanic ash mixed with basalt dust and sand were thrown into the atmosphere. 347 people became victims of the disaster, over 400 thousand residents were evacuated. The eruption disrupted air traffic over the island.
August 17, 2006 in Ecuador, a powerful eruption of the Tungurahua volcano, located 180 km from the Ecuadorian capital Quito, killed at least six people, dozens were burned and injured. Thousands of peasants were forced to leave their homes, due to poisonous gases and ash, there was a loss of livestock, almost the entire crop was lost.
In 2009, Alaska Airlines repeatedly canceled flights due to the eruption of the Redout volcano, from the crater of which ash was thrown up to a height of 15 km. The volcano is located 176 km southwest of Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
On April 14, 2010, the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull led to the largest crisis in the history of passenger aviation. The resulting ash cloud covered almost all of Europe, which led to the fact that between April 15 and 20, 18 European states completely closed their skies, and the rest of the countries were forced to close and open their airspace depending on weather conditions. The governments of these countries have decided to stop flights in connection with the recommendations of the European Bureau for Control over the Safety of Air Navigation.
In May 2010, due to another activation of the Icelandic volcano Eyyafyadlayokudl, airspace was closed over Northern Ireland, in northwestern Turkey, over Munich (Germany), over Northern and partially Central England, and also over a number of areas of Scotland. The airports of London, as well as Amsterdam and Rotterdam (Netherlands) were included in the ban zone. Due to the movement of a cloud of volcanic ash to the south, flights were canceled at the airports of Portugal, northwestern Spain, and northern Italy.
On May 27, 2010, in Guatemala, as a result of the eruption of the Pacaya volcano, two people were killed, three were missing, 59 were injured and about 2 thousand were left homeless. Agricultural crops were damaged due to sand and ash, and more than 100 residential buildings were damaged or destroyed.
On May 22-25, 2011, the Grimsvotn volcano (Iceland) erupted, as a result of which the airspace of Iceland was temporarily closed. Ash clouds reached the airspace of Great Britain, Germany and Sweden, some flights were canceled. According to volcanologists, the volcano emitted much more ash into the atmosphere than the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in April 2010, but the ash particles were heavier and settled to the ground faster, so the transport collapse was avoided.
On June 4, 2011, the Puyehue volcano, located on the Chilean side of the Andes, began to erupt. The ash column reached a height of 12 km. In neighboring Argentina, ash and small stones fell on the resort town of San Carlos de Bariloche, and the operation of the airports of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Montevideo (Uruguay) was paralyzed for several days.
On August 10, 2013 in Indonesia, the eruption of the Rockatenda volcano, located on the small island of Palue, killed six local residents. About two thousand people were evacuated from the danger zone - a quarter of the inhabitants who were on the island.
An unexpected volcanic eruption began on September 27, 2014. It was accompanied by powerful emissions of toxic gases.
Climbers and tourists who were on the slopes of the mountain at the time of the eruption died and suffered. Japanese doctors officially confirmed the death of 48 people as a result of the eruption of the Ontake volcano. According to the Japanese press, almost 70 people suffered from poisonous gas poisoning and respiratory tract damage from hot volcanic ash. In total, there were about 250 people on the mountain.
I read that scientists said that the explosion will definitely happen before 2016. Since the end of March 2014, an increase in seismic activity has been noted there. In addition, local geysers also became noticeably more active. Large ungulates began to scatter from the territory of the national park. According to scientists, the force of the explosion of the Yellowstone volcano will be 2500 times stronger than the ejection of Etna 8 thousand years ago, when the tsunami formed distorted the coast of three continents in a few hours. When Yellowstone explodes, its consequences can be compare only with the explosion of a dozen atomic bombs at once. The earth's crust will rise by several meters, and the soil will warm up to a temperature of +60 degrees. Pieces of earth rock will be thrown to a great height, and then they will cover a huge part of the earth. Then the atmosphere itself will change - the content of helium and hydrogen sulfide will increase. Within a few hours after the explosion of Yellowstone, an area of about 1000 km2 will completely burn out. We are talking about the northwestern United States and a small part of Canada. More than 10 thousand sq. km. will be buried under the streams of hot mud, or as it is also called pyroclastic waves, it will burn everything in its path with a powerful avalanche. It is she who is the most deadly during the eruption.
AS IT WILL BE
A few days before the explosion, the earth's crust above the supervolcano will rise by several tens or even hundreds of meters. The soil will warm up to 60-70°С. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide and helium will increase sharply in the atmosphere.
The cloud of volcanic ash will be the first to escape, which will rise into the atmosphere to a height of 40-50 km. Then the ejection of lava will begin, pieces of which will be thrown to great heights. Falling, they will cover a gigantic territory. The explosion will be accompanied by a powerful earthquake and lava flows, developing speeds of several hundred kilometers per hour.
In the first hours of a new eruption in Yellowstone, an area within a radius of 1000 kilometers around the epicenter will be destroyed. Here, residents of almost the entire American Northwest (the city of Seattle) and part of Canada (the cities of Calgary, Vancouver) are in immediate danger.
On the territory of 10 thousand square meters. kilometers, streams of hot mud will rage, the so-called. "pyroclastic wave" This most deadly product of the eruption will occur when the pressure of the lava hitting high into the atmosphere weakens and part of the column collapses into the surroundings in a huge avalanche, burning everything in its path. It will be impossible to survive in pyroclastic flows. At temperatures above 400 ° C, human bodies simply boil, the flesh will separate from the bones.
Hot slurry will kill about 200 thousand people in the first minutes after the start of the eruption. In addition, a series of earthquakes and tsunamis will bring huge losses, which will provoke an explosion. They will already claim tens of millions of lives around the globe. This is provided that the North American continent does not go under water at all, like Atlantis. Then the ash cloud from the volcano will begin to spread in breadth. Within a day, the entire territory of the United States up to the Mississippi will be in the disaster zone. At the same time, volcanic ash is no less dangerous phenomenon. Ash particles are so small that neither gauze bandages nor respirators protect them from them. Once in the lungs, the ash mixes with mucus, hardens and turns into cement ...
As a result of the shedding of ash, territories located thousands of kilometers from the volcano may be in mortal danger. When the layer of volcanic ash reaches a thickness of 15 cm, the load on the roofs will become too great and the buildings will begin to collapse. It is estimated that from 1 to 50 people in each house will die immediately or be seriously injured. This will be the main cause of death in the areas around Yellowstone bypassed by the pyroclastic wave, where the ash layer will be no less than 60 cm.
The Yellowstone giant will provoke the eruption of several hundred ordinary volcanoes around the world. Other deaths will follow from poisoning. The eruption will continue for several days, but people and animals will continue to die due to suffocation and hydrogen sulfide poisoning. During this time, the air in the western United States will be poisoned so that a person can breathe in it for no more than 5-7 minutes.
Thousands of cubic kilometers of ash thrown into the atmosphere, in 2-3 weeks will cross the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean by air, and a month later they will close the Sun all over the Earth.
NUCLEAR WINTER
Once upon a time, Soviet scientists predicted that the most terrible consequence of a global nuclear conflict would be the so-called. "nuclear winter". The same thing will happen as a result of the explosion of a supervolcano.
First, the incessant acid rain will destroy all crops and crops, kill livestock, dooming the survivors to starvation. Two weeks after the sun hides in dust clouds, the air temperature on the earth's surface will drop in various parts of the globe from -15° to -50°C and below. The average temperature on the Earth's surface will be about -25°C.
The “billionaire” countries India and China will suffer the most from hunger. Here, in the coming months after the explosion, up to 1.5 billion people will die. In total, every third inhabitant of the Earth will die in the first months of the cataclysm.
Winter will last from 1.5 to 4 years. This is enough to change the natural balance on the planet forever. Vegetation will die due to long frosts and lack of light. Since plants are involved in the production of oxygen, it will become very difficult for the planet to breathe. The animal world of the Earth will die painfully from cold, hunger and epidemics. Humanity will have to move from the surface of the earth for at least 3-4 years ...
For the population of North America, the chances of survival are minimal. In general, the inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere will be almost completely destroyed. The central part of Eurasia has the greatest chances. Most people, according to scientists, will survive in Siberia and the Eastern European part of Russia, located on earthquake-resistant platforms, remote from the epicenter of the explosion and protected from the tsunami.
Those who believe in the punishment of the Lord hanging over the Sodom of the United States today have a very serious argument. Located in the heart of the United States, Yellowstone National Park, famous for its forests, grizzly bears and hot springs, is actually a bomb - a supervolcano that is ready to explode in the next two years ...
According to American volcanologists, the eruption of the largest volcano in the world - the caldera of which is located in Yellowstone National Park, may begin in the near future. The volcano has not erupted for about 600 thousand years and its eruption can destroy two-thirds of the US territory, which can even begin a world catastrophe - the Apocalypse, according to American scientists.
A super-volcano under Yellowstone National Park in the US state of Wyoming began to grow at a record rate since 2004 and will explode with a force 1000 times more powerful than the catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens (St. Helens) in Washington state on May 18, 1980.
Scheme of the location of the giant volcano.
According to forecasts of volcanologists, lava will rise high into the sky, ash will cover nearby areas with a layer of 3 meters and a distance of 1600 kilometers. As a result, 2/3 of the US territory may become uninhabitable due to toxic air, millions will die, the rest will have to leave their homes.
Experts predict that the volcanic eruption will occur in the near future and will be no less powerful than all 3 times when the volcano has erupted over the past 2.1 million years. Now the magma has come so close to the earth's crust in Yellowstone Park that the earth has risen more than one and a half meters, and in some places it literally radiates heat that cannot be explained by anything other than the upcoming eruption of a huge volcano.
July 22, 1980: Mount St. Helens explosion in Washington state. The volcano of the Yellowstone caldera during the eruption can explode with a force a thousand times more powerful and bring many more victims.
Yellowstone National Park is a bomb that could go off in the coming years. If this happens, the entire North American continent may perish. And the rest of the world will not seem enough.
It all started quite innocently. If not happy. In 2002, several new geysers with healing hot water were simultaneously clogged in the Yellowstone Nature Reserve. Local tourism companies immediately launched advertisements for the natural phenomenon, significantly increasing the number of visitors to the park, which had already been about 3 million people a year.
However, already in 2004, the US government tightened the regime for visiting the reserve. On its territory, the number of guards has increased dramatically, and some areas have been declared closed to the public. But seismologists and volcanologists became frequent in them. They have worked in Yellowstone before, because the entire reserve with its unique nature is nothing but a huge patch on the mouth of an extinct supervolcano.The entire park with an area of 3825 sq. km and is a caldera measuring about 55 km by 72 km. And it was precisely because of its gigantic size that scientists at first did not even recognize it. Actually, hence the hot geysers, the water in which is heated by red-hot magma.
First of all, three new geysers brought concern, although before that, since the discovery of America, the number of hot springs had not changed.
Commissions for the study of volcanic activity increasingly visited Yellowstone. What they discovered there was not reported to the general public, but it is known that in 2007, a Scientific Council was created under the Office of the President of the United States, endowed with emergency powers. It included several of the country's leading geophysicists and seismologists, as well as members of the National Security Council, including the secretary of defense and intelligence officials.
The monthly meetings of this body were chaired personally by George Bush. In the same year, Yellowstone National Park moved from departmental subordination to the Ministry of the Interior to the direct control of the Science Council.
The increased attention of the American authorities arose because they realized that a giant volcano was waking up. And churning out new hot springs is just the beginning. Since seismologists have discovered a sharp rise in soil under the reserve. From 2007 to 2011, she swelled by 1.78 meters. This is despite the fact that over the previous 20 years, the rise of the soil amounted to no more than 10 cm. The conclusions of seismologists were confirmed by mathematicians. Based on information about previous eruptions of the Yellowstone volcano, they developed an algorithm for its vital activity. The result was shocking.
The fact that the intervals between eruptions are constantly shrinking has been known to scientists before. And, given the astronomical duration of such intervals, this information had no practical significance for mankind. The volcano erupted 2 million years ago, then 1.3 million years ago and for the last time 630 thousand years ago. The Geological Society of America expected its awakening not earlier than in 20 thousand years. The following calculations showed that a new catastrophe should be expected in 2074.
In 2008 Professor of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Utah Robert Smith"reassured" by saying that " ...as long as the magma of the supervolcano (although it has been rising 8 cm per year since 2004) is located at a depth of 10 kilometers from its mouth, it is too early to worry, but if it rises to a level of 2-3 km, we will have serious reasons for concern».
Meanwhile, back in 2006 volcanologists Ilya Bindeman(Ilya N. Bindeman) and John Valey(John W. Valley) in a magazine "Earth and Planetary Science" claimed that the eruption will be very soon.
New measurement data showed that the rate of magma uplift has increased, tthe temperature of the soil in some places rose to the boiling point, crevices opened, through which hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide began to ooze - volcanic gases contained in magma. All this forced to say that a terrible date approached. And the eruption will take place before 2016.
WORSE THAN NUCLEAR WAR
A typical volcano is a cone-shaped hill with a crater from which lava, ash and gases erupt. It is formed. When magma boiling in the depths breaks out to the surface through cracks and faults in the earth's crust. As it rises, the magma releases gases, turning into volcanic lava, and pours out through the top of the fault, usually called a vent. Freezing around the vent, the products of the eruption build up the cone of the volcano.
Supervolcanoes, on the other hand, have a feature that, until recently, no one even suspected of their existence. They are not at all like the cone-shaped “caps” with a vent inside that are familiar to us. These are vast areas of thinned earth's crust, under which hot magma pulsates. A simple volcano is like a pimple, a supervolcano is like a huge inflammation, on the territory of which several ordinary volcanoes can be located. To date, 20-30 supervolcanoes are known in the world. They may erupt from time to time, but these emissions can be compared to the release of steam from an overheated boiler. The main problems begin when the “cauldron” itself explodes. Since supervolcanoes do not erupt, but explode.
WHAT SUPERVOLCANO EXPLOSIONS LOOK LIKE?
From below, the pressure of magma on the thin surface of the earth gradually increases. A hump several hundred meters high and 15-20 kilometers in diameter is formed. Numerous vents and cracks appear along the perimeter of the hump, and then its entire central part collapses down into the fiery abyss.
Collapsed rocks like a piston will sharply squeeze out giant fountains of lava and ash from the depths.
The force of this explosion exceeds the charge of the most powerful nuclear bomb. According to the calculations of geophysicists, if the Yellowstone mine explodes, the effect will exceed a thousand Hiroshima. The calculations are, of course, purely theoretical. During the existence of modern man, we have not had to deal with such a phenomenon.One of the last eruptions, approaching the scale of the future, occurred in Sumatra 73 thousand years ago, when the explosion of the Toba supervolcano reduced the population of the Earth by about 15 times, when only 5-10 thousand people survived. The number of animals decreased by the same amount, 3/4 of the plant world of the Northern Hemisphere died. At the site of that explosion, a pit with an area of 1775 square meters was formed. km, which could fit two New York or London.
Yellowstone is twice the size of Toba. " Against the backdrop of a supervolcano eruption, everyone else seems to be dwarfs, and its power is a real threat to everyone living on this planet", - noted Bill McGuire, professor of geophysics, specialist in climate change from London University College. According to his calculations, produced in 1999, the volcano was supposed to wake up by 2074. The last time a supervolcano exploded in Yellowstone occurred during the time of the dinosaurs. Maybe that's why they died out.
The other day yellowstone national parkbegan to rapidly leave herds of bison, known for their sensitivity to future disasters. This behavior of wild animals caused a lot of rumors and fears among the inhabitants of the north-central states of the United States.EcoWars.tv Now the park has increased by about 1000 times the concentration of helium and the number of daily mini-earthquakes.
Moose ran after the bison - in huge numbers, which amazed even the park rangers:
AS IT WILL BE
A few days before the explosion, the earth's crust above the supervolcano will rise by several tens or even hundreds of meters. The soil will warm up to 60-70° C. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide and helium will increase sharply in the atmosphere.
The cloud of volcanic ash will be the first to escape, which will rise into the atmosphere to a height of 40-50 km. Then the ejection of lava will begin, pieces of which will be thrown to great heights. Falling, they will cover a gigantic territory. The explosion will be accompanied by a powerful earthquake and lava flows, developing speeds of several hundred kilometers per hour.
In the first hours of a new eruption in Yellowstone, an area within a radius of 1000 kilometers around the epicenter will be destroyed. Here, residents of almost the entire American Northwest (the city of Seattle) and part of Canada (the cities of Calgary, Vancouver) are in immediate danger.
On the territory of 10 thousand square meters. kilometers, streams of hot mud will rage, the so-called. "pyroclastic wave" This most deadly product of the eruption will occur when the pressure of the lava hitting high into the atmosphere weakens and part of the column collapses into the surroundings in a huge avalanche, burning everything in its path. It will be impossible to survive in pyroclastic flows. At temperatures above 400°
Human bodies will simply boil, the flesh will separate from the bones.
Hot slurry will kill about 200 thousand people in the first minutes after the start of the eruption. In addition, a series of earthquakes and tsunamis will bring huge losses, which will provoke an explosion. They will already claim tens of millions of lives around the globe. This is provided that the North American continent does not go under water at all, like Atlantis.
Then the ash cloud from the volcano will begin to spread in breadth. Within a day, the entire territory of the United States up to the Mississippi will be in the disaster zone. At the same time, volcanic ash is no less dangerous phenomenon. Ash particles are so small that neither gauze bandages nor respirators protect them from them. Once in the lungs, the ash mixes with mucus, hardens and turns into cement ...
As a result of the shedding of ash, territories located thousands of kilometers from the volcano may be in mortal danger. When the layer of volcanic ash reaches a thickness of 15 cm, the load on the roofs will become too great and the buildings will begin to collapse. It is estimated that from 1 to 50 people in each house will die immediately or be seriously injured. This will be the main cause of death in the areas around Yellowstone bypassed by the pyroclastic wave, where the ash layer will be no less than 60 cm.
A thick layer of ash will cover almost the entire territory of the United States - from Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, which will be wiped off the face of the Earth, to Iowa and the Gulf of Mexico. The ozone hole over the mainland will grow to such a size that the level of radiation will approach Chernobyl. All of North America will turn into scorched earth. The southern part of Canada will also be seriously affected.
The Yellowstone giant will provoke the eruption of several hundred ordinary volcanoes around the world. Other deaths will follow from poisoning. The eruption will continue for several days, but people and animals will continue to die due to suffocation and hydrogen sulfide poisoning. During this time, the air in the western United States will be poisoned so that a person can breathe in it for no more than 5-7 minutes.
Thousands of cubic kilometers of ash thrown into the atmosphere, in 2-3 weeks will cross the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean by air, and a month later they will close the Sun all over the Earth.
NUCLEAR WINTER
Once upon a time, Soviet scientists predicted that the most terrible consequence of a global nuclear conflict would be the so-called. "nuclear winter". The same thing will happen as a result of the explosion of a supervolcano.
First, the incessant acid rain will destroy all crops and crops, kill livestock, dooming the survivors to starvation. Two weeks after the sun hides in dust clouds, the air temperature on the earth's surface will drop in different parts of the globe from -15° to -50 ° C and below. The average temperature on the Earth's surface will be about -25° C.
The “billionaire” countries India and China will suffer the most from hunger. Here, in the coming months after the explosion, up to 1.5 billion people will die. In total, every third inhabitant of the Earth will die in the first months of the cataclysm.
Winter will last from 1.5 to 4 years. This is enough to change the natural balance on the planet forever. Vegetation will die due to long frosts and lack of light. Since plants are involved in the production of oxygen, it will become very difficult for the planet to breathe. The animal world of the Earth will die painfully from cold, hunger and epidemics. Humanity will have to move from the surface of the earth for at least 3-4 years ...
For the population of North America, the chances of survival are minimal. In general, the inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere will be almost completely destroyed. The central part of Eurasia has the greatest chances. Most people, according to scientists, will survive in Siberia and the Eastern European part of Russia, located on earthquake-resistant platforms, remote from the epicenter of the explosion and protected from the tsunami.
UNGLORED END OF SODOMA USA
If the American authorities are aware of the problem, why are they not doing anything to prevent it? Why hasn't information about the upcoming catastrophe reached the general public yet?
It is not difficult to answer the first question: neither the States themselves nor humanity as a whole can prevent the impending explosion. Therefore, the White House is preparing for the worst-case scenario. According to CIA analysts, " as a result of the catastrophe, two-thirds of the population will die, the economy will be destroyed, transport and communications will be disorganized. With a near-total supply cut, the remaining military potential at our disposal will be reduced to a level sufficient only to maintain order on the territory of the country.».
As for alerting the population, the authorities recognized such actions as inappropriate. Saving an entire continent is an almost impossible task. The US population has now approached 300 million. Such a number of people will simply have nowhere to go, especially since after the catastrophe there will be no safe places on the planet left. Each state will have big problems, and no one wants to aggravate them by accepting tens of millions of refugees.
In any case, the Scientific Council under the President of the United States came to this conclusion. According to its members, there is only one way out - to leave the majority of the population to the will of fate and attend to the preservation of capital, military potential and the "elite". Therefore, a few months before the explosion, the best scientists, military, high-tech specialists, and, of course, billionaires will be taken out of the country. Simple millionaires will have to save themselves. Ordinary people will actually be left to fend for themselves.
WHERE TO DO SIMPLE AMERICANS?
The other day information appeared that the US government allegedly offers to pay foreign countries $ 10 billion a year for 10 years if they agree to provide urgent asylum for Americans when the Yellowstone supervolcano begins to operate (it is on this date for the next eruption that the doctor insists Jean-Philippe Perrillat from the National Center for Scientific Research in Grenoble, France).
The African National Congress (ANC) of the government in South Africa has already received a request from the US that South Africa will receive a designated amount of $10 billion (about R100 billion) over 10 years in exchange for providing temporary housing to millions of Americans. Countries that will participate in the plan include Brazil, Argentina and Australia.
The South African Cabinet has decided to reject the US request for the time being. Press Secretary of the South African Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Sipho Matveve(Matwetwe) said that South Africa " will not be part of the plan, because there is a risk that millions of white Americans could be sent to our country in an emergency, and we believe that this is a threat to black national culture and identity ... We are sympathetic to the American problem with Yellowstone, but we have have their own problems in South Africa. 200 million whites people in America, and if too many of them move to the countries of South Africa ... it will destabilize the country and perhaps even bring back apartheid. South Africa is not for sale».
GOD SAVE LIBERIA
The above information became known thanks to the efforts of an American scientist and journalist Howard Huxley, who has been dealing with the problems of the Yellowstone volcano since the 80s, has well-established connections in the circles of geophysicists, like many well-known journalists, was associated with the CIA and is a recognized authority in scientific circles. Realizing what the country was heading towards, Howard and his associates created the Civilization Saving Fund. Their goal is to warn humanity of an impending catastrophe and give everyone a chance to survive, not just members of the elites. Over the years, the Foundation staff have accumulated a lot of information. In particular, they figured out exactly where the cream of American society will go after the disaster.
An island of salvation for them will be Liberia, a small state in western Africa, traditionally following in the footsteps of American politics. For several years now, massive cash injections have been going into this country. It has a network of excellent roads, airports, and, they say, an extensive system of deep, well-maintained bunkers. In which the American elite is going to sit out for several years until the situation stabilizes and they begin to restore their influence in the world. It is possible that the same plan can be attributed to - a huge armored safe in the rocks of Svalbard, built with the money of American billionaires to store the seeds of most plant species.
Allegedly, this is why the White House and the Scientific Council are now trying to solve urgent military problems. The coming catastrophe will be perceived by most religious people as God's punishment for America. Surely many will want to finish off the "shaitan" while the Judeo-Protestant "elite" will lick their wounds. You can't think of a better excuse for jihad.
This is one of the reasons why, since 2003, preemptive strikes have been launched against a number of Muslim countries in order to destroy their military potential. The problem is that due to the aggressive policy, the United States has more and more ill-wishers ...
ONLY NUMBERS
Yet in 2006 the Air Force celebrated, supervolcanoes can claim billions of lives and devastate continents:
The explosion of Yellowstone is 2500 times more powerful than the force of the last eruption of Etna.
The Yellowstone caldera will emit 15 times more ash than the Krakatoa volcano, which killed 36,000 people.
Visibility will decrease to 20-30 cm due to the formed ash curtain.
The caldera formed after the explosion of the Yellowstone volcano will fit Tokyo - the largest city in the world.
The radius of the total destruction of all living things in the first minutes after the start of the eruption is 1200 km.
The force of the eruption of the Yellowstone volcano is estimated at 1000 atomic bombs that exploded simultaneously.
After the Yellowstone disaster, 1 out of 1000 earthlings will survive ...
In the bowels of the North American continent, a few kilometers from the surface, a hidden threat lurks. A huge volcano has awakened and is ready to destroy the entire mainland. When? The US government hides the truth, scientists remain silent, but the fateful date is steadily approaching.
When will the eruption of a mega-volcano begin?
Of course, no one knows the exact date of these events. But scientists are constantly watching the Yellowstone caldera and making some kind of predictions. From time to time one of them tries to speak. Just ... do not believe everything that is written on the Internet. Everyone says different terms:
The eruption will begin in the next two weeks or right now. Such sensational news happens regularly, almost every month. At the same time, everyone refers to the words of specific people, among which:
Henry or Hank Hessler (Hank Hessler) - such a geologist really exists, has been working in the park since 2002. True, he never said when Yellowstone would explode, but such predictions are most often attributed to him.
Jamie Farrell is a professor and researcher at the University of Utah. He studies seismic, volcanic and tectonic processes in Yellowstone, but he also never promised an imminent eruption. Once, however, he said that this could happen, but when exactly is unknown.
Howard Huxley (Howard Huxley) - an American scientist and journalist who has been working in the reserve for 30 years, is associated with the CIA ... and he figured it all out! Here is the one most often referred to. Only... There is no such scientist. And never was.
The volcano will explode in the very near future with a probability of 10%. Yellowstone poses a bigger threat than nuclear war asteroid impact with earth and global warming. So, allegedly, it is written in a special report of the European Science Foundation. True, few people read it here, everyone refers to the Daily Express, where a brief and inaccurate retelling was published:
If anyone is interested, the Extreme Geohazards report itself can be read on the European Science Foundation website. Yellowstone is mentioned there only once, by accident and in a completely different context.
Yellowstone will explode in the next 20 years or in 2075. These figures are given by our geophysicist, professor, doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences A. Gorodnitsky with reference to the Geological Survey of America. Here is a quote from his book “Mysteries and Myths of Science. In search of truth":
The eruption will be in 2012-2016. These data are also attributed to scientists from The Geological Society of America. Like, they checked everything again, and these numbers turned out. There is just no evidence for this. But I managed to find old publications, where 2011-2012 appeared in the same texts:
But time ran out, the volcano never exploded, so new dates had to be set. When 2016 ends, they will write that the eruption will begin a little later, for example, in 2017-2020.
Indirect signs of an imminent eruption
And yet, events can go according to the worst scenario. Perhaps empty chatter, fakes and gossip are just a way to hide the terrible truth. Here are some facts that indicate that yellowstone volcano could explode sooner than scientists say:
Back in 2004, the US government restricted access to the national park. And some areas were generally closed to visitors.
Then there was information about the creation of a special Scientific Council under the Office of the President of the United States. And the source is the same Howard Huxley (Howard Huxley), which, however, does not exist ... but he maintains his own blog:
In the spring and summer of 2014, first in Burzhunet, then in RuNet, the following messages began to appear:
It was difficult to find the original source. Most sites link to the Daily Mail or Howard Huxley (Howard Huxley), and this is confusing. Who knew the original article was on the South African news site Praag.co.za? It's called "African National Congress refused 1000 billion rand out of fear that there will be too many whites":
That is, perhaps all this is true, and the US government really turned to them with such a request. It is impossible to check the competence and awareness of the author. And that Nelson Kgwete was already the press secretary of the South African Foreign Ministry, and Sipho Matwetwe is highlighted only in connection with Yellowstone - these are translation costs.
On March 4, 2014, information appeared on intellihub.com that, by order from the White House, USGS (US Geological Survey) employees are prohibited from disclosing information about swarms (groups of earthquakes) in the Yellowstone caldera area. At the same time, the source was a letter received by a fairly well-known blogger Tom Lupshu (he often throws up information about this volcano):
The fact that data on earthquakes is really hushed up is a fact. This is known to those who periodically monitor the readings of seismic sensors (which simply turn off when strong shocks occur). And whether there was an order from Washington, or whether the USGS is acting on its own initiative, I don’t know.
The information background has changed. TV channels show popular science films about Yellowstone. Stuffing has become more frequent in the media that the volcano is about to explode. The internet is full of videos of hum of the earth, which many consider a harbinger of a future disaster. Ordinary Americans are building bunkers to wait out the eruption. And the authorities are buying coffins that can hold millions of victims when disaster strikes.
It turns out that the eruption is canceled? Or is it just postponed indefinitely? Not necessarily .. Yes, and scientists are clearly hiding the real facts. So it's too early to discount the Yellowstone volcano. It can explode at any moment. When? The question is still open.
According to American volcanologists, the eruption of the largest volcano in the world, the Yellowstone Caldera, which is located in Yellowstone National Park, could begin at any moment. The volcano has not erupted for about 600 thousand years and its eruption can destroy two-thirds of the US territory, which may even begin a world catastrophe.
A super-volcano under Yellowstone National Park in the US state of Wyoming began to grow at a record rate since 2004 and will explode with a force a thousand times more powerful than the catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens (St. Helens) in Washington state on May 18, 1980.
According to forecasts of volcanologists, lava will rise high into the sky, ash will cover nearby areas with a layer of 3 meters and a distance of 1600 kilometers.
Two-thirds of the US territory could become uninhabitable due to toxic air - thousands of flights will have to be canceled, millions of people will have to leave their homes.
Experts predict that the volcanic eruption will occur in the near future and will be no less powerful than all three times when the volcano has erupted over the past 2.1 million years.
Robert B. Smith, professor of geophysics at the University of Utah, noted that the magma came so close to the earth's crust in Yellowstone Park that it literally emits heat that cannot be explained by anything other than the imminent eruption of a huge volcano.
Sometimes it seems that only heavenly punishment can stop the United States in their desire to impose “freedom and democracy” on the world by carpet bombing, unleashing civil wars and revolutions. Those who believe in evil fate hanging over America have a very serious argument. In the very center of this country, in its most fertile corner, a natural disaster is brewing. Known for its forests, grizzly bears and hot springs, Yellowstone National Park is actually a bomb that will go off in the coming years.
If this happens, the entire North American continent may perish. And the rest of the world will not seem enough. But it won't be the end of the world, don't worry.
And it all started with joy. In 2002, several new geysers with healing hot water were simultaneously clogged in the Yellowstone Nature Reserve. Local tour companies immediately hyped the phenomenon, and the number of visitors to the park, which is usually about three million people a year, has increased even more.
However, strange things soon began to happen. In 2004, the US government tightened the regime for visiting the reserve. On its territory, the number of guards has increased dramatically, and some areas have been declared closed to the public. But seismologists and volcanologists became frequent in them.
They have worked in Yellowstone before, because the entire reserve with its unique nature is nothing but a huge patch on the mouth of an extinct supervolcano. Actually, hence the hot geysers. On the way to the surface of the earth, they are heated by magma sizzling and gurgling under the earth's crust. All local sources were known back in those days when the white colonialists conquered Yellowstone from the Indians, and here you have three new ones! Why did it happen?
Scientists are worried. One after another, commissions for the study of volcanic activity began to visit the park. What they dug up there was not reported to the general public, but it is known that in 2007, a Scientific Council was created under the Office of the President of the United States, endowed with emergency powers. It included several of the country's leading geophysicists and seismologists, as well as members of the National Security Council, including the secretary of defense and intelligence officials.
The monthly meetings of this body were personally chaired by George W. Bush.
In the same year, Yellowstone National Park moved from departmental subordination to the Department of the Interior to the direct control of the Science Council. Why would such an attention of the American authorities to a simple resort?
And the thing is that the ancient and, as it was believed, safe supervolcano, on which the paradise valley is located, suddenly showed signs of activity. The springs that miraculously filled became its first manifestation.
Further more. Seismologists have discovered a sharp rise in soil under the reserve. Over the past four years, she has swollen by 178 centimeters. This is despite the fact that over the previous twenty-five years, the rise of the soil amounted to no more than 10 centimeters.
Mathematicians joined the seismologists. Based on information about previous eruptions of the Yellowstone volcano, they developed an algorithm for its vital activity. The result was shocking.
The fact that the intervals between eruptions are constantly shrinking has been known to scientists before. However, given the astronomical duration of such intervals, this information had no practical significance for mankind. Well, in fact, the volcano erupted 2 million years ago, then 1.3 million years ago, and the last time 630 thousand years ago.
The Geological Society of America expected its awakening not earlier than in 21 thousand years. But based on the new data, the computers produced an unexpected result. The next catastrophe should be expected in 2075. However, after some time it became clear that events are developing much faster. The result had to be corrected again.
The terrible date is approaching. Now it looms between 2014 and 2016, with the first figure looking more likely.
It would seem - just think, an eruption, especially since it is known in advance. Well, the Americans are evacuating the population from a dangerous area, well, then they will spend money on restoring the destroyed infrastructure ...
Alas, only those who are not familiar with supervolcanoes can argue this way.
A typical volcano, as we imagine it, is a cone-shaped hill with a crater from which lava, ash and gases erupt. It is formed like this.
Deep in the bowels of our planet, magma constantly boils, which from time to time breaks upward through cracks, faults and other "defects" of the earth's crust. As it rises, the magma releases gases, turning into volcanic lava, and pours out through the top of the fault, usually called a vent. Freezing around the vent, the products of the eruption build up the cone of the volcano.
Supervolcanoes, on the other hand, have a feature that, until recently, no one even suspected of their existence. They are not at all like the cone-shaped “caps” with a vent inside that are familiar to us. These are vast areas of thinned earth's crust, under which hot magma pulsates. A simple volcano is like a pimple, a supervolcano is like a huge inflammation. On the territory of a supervolcano, there may be several ordinary volcanoes. They may erupt from time to time, but these emissions can be compared to the release of steam from an overheated boiler. But imagine that the boiler itself will explode! After all, supervolcanoes do not erupt, but explode.
What do these explosions look like?
From below, the pressure of magma on the thin surface of the earth gradually increases. A hump several hundred meters high and 15–20 kilometers in diameter is formed. Numerous vents and cracks appear along the perimeter of the hump, and then its entire central part collapses down into the fiery abyss.
Collapsed rocks like a piston sharply squeeze out giant fountains of lava and ash from the bowels.
The force of this explosion exceeds the charge of the most powerful nuclear bomb. According to the calculations of geophysicists, if the Yellowstone mine explodes, the effect will exceed a hundred Hiroshima. The calculations are, of course, purely theoretical. During its existence, Homo sapiens has never encountered such a phenomenon. The last time it went boom was during the time of the dinosaurs. Maybe that's why they died out.
A few days before the explosion, the earth's crust above the supervolcano will rise several meters. In this case, the soil will heat up to 60-70 degrees. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide and helium will increase sharply in the atmosphere.
The first thing we will see is a cloud of volcanic ash, which will rise into the atmosphere to a height of 40-50 kilometers. Pieces will be tossed to great heights. Falling, they will cover a gigantic territory. In the first hours of a new eruption in Yellowstone, an area within a radius of 1000 kilometers around the epicenter will be subjected to destruction. Here, residents of almost the entire American Northwest (the city of Seattle) and part of Canada (the cities of Calgary, Vancouver) are in immediate danger.
On the territory of 10 thousand square kilometers, streams of hot mud will rage, the so-called pyroclastic wave - the most deadly product of the eruption. They will arise when the pressure of the lava hitting high into the atmosphere weakens and part of the column collapses into the surroundings in a huge avalanche, burning everything in its path. It will be impossible to survive in pyroclastic flows of this magnitude. At temperatures above 400 degrees, human bodies will simply boil, the flesh will separate from the bones.
Hot slurry will kill about 200 thousand people in the first minutes after the start of the eruption.
But these are very small losses compared to those that America will suffer as a result of a series of earthquakes and tsunamis that the explosion will provoke. They will take tens of millions of lives. This is provided that the North American continent does not go under water at all, like Atlantis.
Then the ash cloud from the volcano will begin to spread in breadth. Within a day, the entire territory of the United States to the Mississippi will be in the disaster zone. Volcanic ash - only sounds harmless, but in fact it is the most dangerous phenomenon during an eruption. Ash particles are so small that neither gauze bandages nor respirators protect them from them. Once in the lungs, the ash mixes with mucus, hardens and turns into cement ...
Territories located thousands of kilometers from the volcano may be at greatest risk. When the layer of volcanic ash reaches a thickness of 15 centimeters, the load on the roofs will become too great and the buildings will begin to collapse. It is estimated that between one and fifty people in each house will die or be seriously injured. This will be the main cause of death in the bypassed areas around Yellowstone, where the ash layer will be no less than 60 centimeters.
Other deaths will follow from poisoning. After all, the precipitation will be extremely toxic. It will take two to three weeks for the clouds of ash and cinders to cross the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean, and after a month they will cover the Sun all over the Earth.
Once upon a time, Soviet scientists predicted that the most terrible consequence of a global nuclear conflict would be the so-called “nuclear winter”. The same thing will happen as a result of the explosion of a supervolcano.
Two weeks after the sun hides in dust clouds, the air temperature on the earth's surface will drop in different parts of the globe from -15 degrees to -50 degrees or more. The average temperature on the Earth's surface will be about -25 degrees.
Winter will last at least a year and a half. This is enough to change the natural balance on the planet forever. Vegetation will die due to long frosts and lack of light. Since plants are involved in the production of oxygen, very soon it will become difficult for everyone living on the planet to breathe. The animal world of the Earth will die painfully from cold, hunger and epidemics. The human race will have to move from the surface of the earth underground for at least three years, and then who knows...
But, in general, this sad forecast mainly concerns the inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere. Residents of other parts of the world, including Russians, have a much higher chance of surviving. And the consequences will probably not be so catastrophic. But for the population of North America, the chances of survival are minimal.
But if the American authorities are aware of the problem, why are they not doing anything to prevent it? Why hasn't information about the upcoming catastrophe reached the general public yet?
It is not difficult to answer the first question: neither the States themselves nor humanity as a whole can prevent the impending explosion. Therefore, the White House is preparing for the worst-case scenario. According to CIA analysts, “As a result of the catastrophe, two-thirds of the population will die, the economy will be destroyed, transport and communications will be disorganized. In the conditions of an almost complete cessation of supply, the military potential remaining at our disposal will be reduced to a level sufficient only to maintain order on the territory of the country..
As for alerting the population, the authorities recognized such actions as inappropriate. Well, in fact, it is possible to escape from a sinking ship, and even then not always. And where to run from the broken and burning mainland?
The US population is now approaching the three hundred million mark. In principle, there is nowhere to put this biomass, especially since after the catastrophe there will be no safe places on the planet. Each state will have big problems, and no one wants to aggravate them by accepting millions of refugees.
In any case, the Scientific Council under the President of the United States came to this conclusion. According to its members, there is only one way out - to leave the majority of the population to the will of fate and attend to the preservation of capital, military potential and the elite of American society. So, a few months before the explosion, the best scientists, military, high-tech specialists, and, of course, the rich will be taken out of the country. There is no doubt that every billionaire has a reserved place in the future ark. But it is no longer possible to vouch for the fate of ordinary millionaires. They will save themselves.
Actually, the above information became known thanks to the efforts of the American scientist and journalist Howard Huxley, who has been dealing with the problems of the Yellowstone volcano since the 80s, has well-established connections in the circles of geophysicists, like many well-known journalists, was associated with the CIA and is a recognized authority in scientific circles.
Realizing what the country was heading towards, Howard and his associates created the Civilization Saving Fund. Their goal is to warn humanity of an impending catastrophe and give everyone a chance to survive, not just members of the elites.
Over the years, the Foundation staff have accumulated a lot of information. In particular, they figured out exactly where the cream of American society will go after the disaster.
An island of salvation for them will be Liberia, a small state in western Africa, traditionally following in the footsteps of American politics. For several years now, massive cash injections have been going into this country. It has a network of excellent roads, airports, and, they say, an extensive system of deep, well-maintained bunkers. In this hole, the American elite will be able to sit out for several years, and then, when the situation stabilizes, begin to restore the destroyed state and its influence in the world.
In the meantime, there are still a few years left, the White House and the Science Council are trying to solve urgent military problems. There is no doubt that the coming catastrophe will be perceived by most religious people as God's punishment for America. Surely many Islamic states will want to finish off the "shaitan" while he licks his wounds. You can't think of a better excuse for jihad.
Therefore, since 2003, preemptive strikes have been carried out against a number of Muslim countries in order to destroy their military potential. Whether the American war machine will have time to neutralize these threats before the X hour, God knows.
A vicious circle formed. In connection with the aggressive policy, the United States has more and more ill-wishers, and there is less and less time left to neutralize them.
There is still a danger of the death of our entire civilization, many scientists admit. The fact is that the inevitable processes inside our planet, taking place before our eyes, are recognized by experts as a global threat that can wipe entire continents off the face of the Earth. Seismologists say that the Yellowstone Caldera is the most destructive force on our planet.
One of the last eruptions of this magnitude occurred in Sumatra 73 thousand years ago, when the explosion of the Toba supervolcano reduced the population of the Earth by about 15 times. Then only 5-10 thousand people survived. The number of animals decreased by the same amount, three-quarters of the flora of the Northern Hemisphere died. At the site of that explosion, a pit with an area of 1775 square meters was formed. km, which could fit two New York or London.
Against this background, it is difficult to imagine what could happen if the Yellowstone supervolcano erupted, which is twice the size of Toba! “Against the backdrop of a supervolcano eruption, everyone else seems to be dwarfs, and its power is a real threat to everyone living on this planet,”- said Bill McGuire, professor of geophysics, climate change specialist from London University College.
If an explosion occurs, then, according to the vision of scientists, the picture will be worse than the description of the Apocalypse. Everything will start with a sharp rise and overheating of the earth in Yellowstone Park. And when the huge pressure breaks through the caldera, thousands of cubic kilometers of lava will pour out of the resulting vent, which will resemble a huge pillar of fire. The explosion will be accompanied by a powerful earthquake and lava flows, developing speeds of several hundred kilometers per hour.
The eruption will continue for several days, but people and animals will mostly die not from ash or lava, but due to suffocation and hydrogen sulfide poisoning. During this time, the air in the entire western United States will be poisoned so that a person can hold out for no more than 5-7 minutes. A thick layer of ash will cover almost the entire territory of the United States - from Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, which will be wiped off the face of the Earth, to Iowa and the Gulf of Mexico. The ozone hole over the mainland will grow to such a size that the level of radiation will approach Chernobyl. All of North America will turn into scorched earth. The southern part of Canada will also be seriously affected. Scientists do not deny that the Yellowstone giant will provoke the eruption of several hundred ordinary volcanoes around the world. At the same time, oceanic volcanic eruptions will generate many tsunamis that will flood the coasts and all island states. The long-term consequences will be no less terrible than the eruption itself. And if the main blow is taken by the States, then the whole world will feel the effect.
Thousands of cubic kilometers of ash thrown into the atmosphere will block out the sunlight - the world will plunge into darkness. This will cause a sharp drop in temperature, for example, in Canada and Norway in a couple of days the thermometer will drop by 15-18 degrees. If the temperature drops by 21 degrees, as during the last eruption of the Toba supervolcano, all territories up to the 50th parallel - Norway, Finland or Sweden - will turn into Antarctica. A "nuclear winter" will come, which will last about four years.
The incessant acid rain will destroy all crops and crops, kill livestock, dooming the surviving people to starvation. The billionaire countries India and China will suffer the most from hunger. Here, up to 1.5 billion people will die of starvation in the coming months after the explosion. In total, every third inhabitant of the Earth will die in the first months of the cataclysm. The only region that can survive is the central part of Eurasia. Most people, according to scientists, will survive in Siberia and the Eastern European part of Russia, located on earthquake-resistant platforms, remote from the epicenter of the explosion and protected from the tsunami.
