Heater of external pipes of small diameter. Thermal insulation of heating and hot water pipes. Thermal insulation paint prices

The right choice, competent design and high-quality installation of the heating system is the key to warmth and comfort in the house during the entire heating season. Heating must be of high quality, reliable, safe, economical. To choose the right heating system, you need to familiarize yourself with their types, features of installation and operation of heating devices. It is also important to consider the availability and cost of fuel.

Types of modern heating systems

A heating system is a complex of elements used to heat a room: a heat source, pipelines, heating devices. Heat is transferred with the help of a coolant - a liquid or gaseous medium: water, air, steam, fuel combustion products, antifreeze.

Heating systems of buildings must be selected in such a way as to achieve the highest quality heating while maintaining comfortable air humidity for a person. Depending on the type of coolant, the following systems are distinguished:

air;
water;
steam;
electrical;
combined (mixed).

Heating devices of the heating system are:

convective;
radiant;
combined (convective-radiant).

Scheme of a two-pipe heating system with forced circulation

As a heat source can be used:

coal;
firewood;
electricity;
briquettes - peat or wood;
energy from the sun or other alternative sources.

The air is heated directly from the heat source without the use of an intermediate liquid or gaseous heat carrier. The systems are used to heat private houses of a small area (up to 100 sq.m.). Installation of heating of this type is possible both during the construction of a building and during the reconstruction of an existing one. A boiler, heating element or gas burner serves as a heat source. The peculiarity of the system lies in the fact that it is not only heating, but also ventilation, since the internal air in the room is heated and the fresh air coming from outside. Air streams enter through a special intake grille, are filtered, heated in a heat exchanger, after which they pass through the air ducts and are distributed in the room.

Adjustment of temperature and degree of ventilation is carried out by means of thermostats. Modern thermostats allow you to pre-set a program of temperature changes depending on the time of day. The systems also operate in air conditioning mode. In this case, the air flows are directed through the coolers. If there is no need for space heating or cooling, the system works as a ventilation system.

Diagram of an air heating device in a private house

Installation of air heating is relatively expensive, but its advantage is that there is no need to warm up the intermediate coolant and radiators, due to which fuel savings are at least 15%.

The system does not freeze, quickly responds to temperature changes and warms up the premises. Thanks to the filters, the air enters the premises already purified, which reduces the number of pathogenic bacteria and contributes to the creation of optimal conditions for maintaining the health of people living in the house.

The lack of air heating is overdrying of the air, burning out oxygen. The problem is easily solved by installing a special humidifier. The system can be upgraded to save money and create a more comfortable microclimate. So, the recuperator heats the incoming air, due to the output to the outside. This reduces the energy consumption for its heating.

Additional purification and disinfection of air is possible. To do this, in addition to the mechanical filter included in the package, electrostatic fine filters and ultraviolet lamps are installed.

Air heating with additional appliances

Water heating

This is a closed heating system, it uses water or antifreeze as a coolant. Water is supplied through pipes from the heat source to the heating radiators. In centralized systems, the temperature is controlled at the heating point, and in individual systems - automatically (using thermostats) or manually (tap).

Types of water systems

Depending on the type of connection of heating devices, the systems are divided into:

single-pipe,
two-pipe,
bifilar (two-furnace).

According to the method of wiring, they distinguish:

top;
bottom;
vertical;
horizontal heating system.

In single-pipe systems, the connection of heating devices is in series. To compensate for the loss of heat that occurs during the successive passage of water from one radiator to another, heaters with different heat transfer surfaces are used. For example, cast iron batteries with a large number of sections can be used. In two-pipe, a parallel connection scheme is used, which allows you to install the same radiators.

The hydraulic mode can be constant and variable. In bifilar systems, heating devices are connected in series, as in single-pipe systems, but the heat transfer conditions for radiators are the same as in two-pipe systems. Convectors, steel or cast iron radiators are used as heating devices.

Scheme of two-pipe water heating of a country house

Advantages and disadvantages

Water heating is widespread due to the availability of the coolant. Another advantage is the ability to equip the heating system with your own hands, which is important for our compatriots who are accustomed to relying only on their own strength. However, if the budget allows not to save, it is better to entrust the design and installation of heating to specialists.

This will save you from many problems in the future - leaks, breakthroughs, etc. Disadvantages - freezing of the system when turned off, a long time for warming up the premises. Special requirements apply to the coolant. Water in the systems must be free of impurities, with a minimum salt content.

To heat the coolant, a boiler of any type can be used: on solid, liquid fuel, gas or electricity. Most often, gas boilers are used, which involves connecting to the main. If this is not possible, then solid fuel boilers are usually installed. They are more economical than electric or liquid fuel designs.

Note! Experts recommend choosing a boiler based on a power of 1 kW per 10 sq.m. These figures are indicative. If the ceiling height is more than 3 m, the house has large windows, there are additional consumers, or the premises are not well insulated, all these nuances must be taken into account in the calculations.

Closed house heating system

In accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", the use of steam systems is prohibited in residential and public buildings. The reason is the insecurity of this type of space heating. Heaters heat up to almost 100°C, which can cause burns.

Installation is complex, requires skills and special knowledge, during operation there are difficulties with the regulation of heat transfer, noise is possible when filling the system with steam. Today, steam heating is used to a limited extent: in industrial and non-residential premises, in pedestrian crossings, and heating points. Its advantages are relative cheapness, low inertia, compactness of heating elements, high heat transfer, no heat loss. All this led to the popularity of steam heating until the middle of the twentieth century, later it was replaced by water heating. However, in enterprises where steam is used for industrial needs, it is still widely used for space heating.

Boiler for steam heating

Electric heating

This is the most reliable and easiest type of heating in operation. If the area of the house is not more than 100 m, electricity is a good option, but heating a larger area is not economically viable.

Electric heating can be used as an additional in case of a shutdown or repair of the main system. It is also a good solution for country houses in which the owners live only periodically. Electric fan heaters, infrared and oil heaters are used as additional heat sources.

Convectors, electric fireplaces, electric boilers, floor heating power cables are used as heating devices. Each type has its own limitations. So, convectors heat the rooms unevenly. Electric fireplaces are more suitable as a decorative element, and the operation of electric boilers requires significant energy costs. The underfloor heating is mounted with advance consideration of the furniture arrangement plan, because when it is moved, the power cable may be damaged.

Scheme of traditional and electric heating of buildings

Innovative heating systems

Separately, mention should be made of innovative heating systems, which are becoming increasingly popular. The most common:

infrared floors;
heat pumps;
solar collectors.

infrared floors

These heating systems have only recently appeared on the market, but have already become quite popular due to their efficiency and greater economy than conventional electric heating. Warm floors are powered by the mains, they are installed in a screed or tile adhesive. Heating elements (carbon, graphite) emit infrared waves that pass through the floor covering, heat up the bodies of people and objects, which in turn heats up the air.

Self-adjusting carbon mats and foils can be mounted under furniture legs without fear of damage. "Smart" floors regulate the temperature due to the special property of the heating elements: when overheated, the distance between the particles increases, the resistance increases - and the temperature decreases. Energy costs are relatively low. When the infrared floors are turned on, the power consumption is about 116 watts per linear meter, after warming up it decreases to 87 watts. Temperature control is provided by thermostats, which reduces energy costs by 15-30%.

Infrared carbon mats are convenient, reliable, economical, easy to install

Heat pumps

These are devices for transferring thermal energy from a source to a coolant. In itself, the idea of a heat pump system is not new; it was proposed by Lord Kelvin back in 1852.

How it works: A geothermal heat pump takes heat from the environment and transfers it to the heating system. The systems can also work to cool buildings.

How a heat pump works

There are pumps with open and closed cycle. In the first case, the installations take water from the underground stream, transfer it to the heating system, take heat energy and return it to the place of intake. In the second, a coolant is pumped through special pipes in the reservoir, which transfers / takes heat from the water. The pump can use the thermal energy of water, earth, air.

The advantage of the systems is that they can be installed in houses that are not connected to the gas supply. Heat pumps are complex and expensive to install, but they save on energy costs during operation.

The heat pump is designed to use the heat of the environment in heating systems

Solar collectors

Solar installations are systems for collecting solar thermal energy and transferring it to a coolant

Water, oil or antifreeze can be used as a heat carrier. The design provides for additional electric heaters that turn on if the efficiency of the solar installation decreases. There are two main types of collectors - flat and vacuum. An absorber with a transparent coating and thermal insulation is installed in the flat ones. In vacuum, this coating is multilayer, in hermetically sealed collectors a vacuum is created. This allows you to heat the coolant up to 250-300 degrees, while flat installations can only heat it up to 200 degrees. The advantages of the installations include ease of installation, low weight, and potentially high efficiency.

However, there is one “but”: the efficiency of the solar collector depends too much on the temperature difference.

Solar collector in the domestic hot water and heating system Comparison of heating systems shows that there is no ideal heating method

Our compatriots still most often prefer water heating. Usually, doubts arise only about which specific heat source to choose, how best to connect the boiler to the heating system, etc. And yet there are no ready-made recipes suitable for absolutely everyone. It is necessary to carefully weigh the pros and cons, take into account the features of the building for which the system is selected. If in doubt, a specialist should be consulted.

Video: types of heating systems

The constant rise in heating prices encourages people to turn to alternative sources. Developments in this area allow the use of natural resources such as the sun, water and earth. Also, new technologies are introducing entire complexes for heating houses.

Which heating system to choose? To answer this question, it is necessary to study all the features of the work and determine the conditions for proper functioning. Also an important factor is the profitability and expediency of the chosen type.

Kinds

New technologies using alternative heat carriers are replacing the usual for all gas and electric heating installations. There are four types of systems depending on the source:

hydrothermal;
geothermal;
solar;
infrared.

Let's consider them in more detail.

hydrothermal

This method is based on the use of natural water. The necessary thermal energy will be extracted from it. If there is a lake or pond within reach of your home, then the task of installing equipment is greatly simplified. But this is rather an exception to the rule, in most cases it is necessary to drill wells to the groundwater level.

Operating principle

The installation can be divided into three components:

outer contour;
internal wiring;
geothermal pump.

The outer circuit is a pipe structure laid underground at the groundwater level. The depth of their occurrence should be below the freezing depth. The external circuit represents the heating communications of the house.

The principle of operation of the installation is as follows. The groundwater heat is transferred to the heat carrier of the external circuit. With the help of a pump, it enters the heat exchanger. After that, heat is transferred to the internal wiring. All installation difficulties can be avoided if there is a reservoir nearby. The heat exchanger is immersed in water and connected to the heating. The area of the reservoir must be at least 200 m².

Device advantages

The design has the following advantages:

universality - the system can work not only as a heating system, but also as a cooling one;
low power consumption - it is only needed to power the pump and is about 1 kW per hour;
fire safety is ensured due to the absence of the combustion process;
high efficiency - out of 1 kW of electricity, the output is 5 kW of heat;
ease of operation and maintenance.

The disadvantage is the high cost of the heat pump and the installation of equipment. For a house with an area of 100 m² and a power consumption of 5 kWh, the installation of a heating system will be approximately 440 thousand rubles. This calculation is taken for houses located within a radius of 50 meters from the reservoir into which the heat exchanger will be immersed.

geothermal plant

Its principle of operation is similar to the hydrothermal version. The difference lies in the fact that the heat of the earth is used, not water.

Equipment Features

Laying the outer contour can be carried out both vertically and horizontally. The vertical arrangement is due to a number of difficulties in the installation process. For pipes, it is necessary to drill wells to a greater depth. But there are two negative points associated with horizontal laying:

a large area of \u200b\u200ba private plot is needed to accommodate the contour;
the inability to plant plants, because the collector will cool their roots.

In both cases, heat is taken directly from the soil near the private building. The geothermal pump responsible for pumping the coolant is located in the house itself. The shaft with the heat exchanger should be located in close proximity to the building.

Advantages of using the heat of the earth

This system has the following advantages:

the thermal energy of the earth is an inexhaustible source of energy;
autonomous operation of the system;
absolute fire safety, there is no possibility of fire;
minimum power consumption;
no need for delivery and storage of fuel;
long service life.

The high cost of the object is the main disadvantage. A geothermal installation for the same quadrature as in the previous case will increase to 600 thousand rubles.

Using solar energy for heating is the cheapest and most affordable way. The main task is to convert sunlight into heat with minimal losses.

System device

The main element of such a system is the solar collector. This is a device consisting of tubes that lead to a coolant reservoir. Collectors are vacuum, air and flat. In addition to them, the following nodes are included:

heat exchanger;
storage tank;
pipeline;
fore-chamber.

The storage tank is a container with a heated coolant. From the top of the tank, the liquid is supplied to the heating devices. After passing through the entire heating circuit, the cooled coolant enters the tank again.

The avankamera serves to prevent air retention in the heating pipeline. It is a tank, which is located at the highest point of the system. Collectors must be installed at an angle of 35-40°. This slope will provide maximum efficiency. To minimize heat loss, all piping from the collector to the heat exchanger must be insulated.

Advantages and disadvantages

It is worth noting the main advantages of solar panels:

high efficiency;
long service life - more than 25 years;
ease of maintenance;
independence from low air temperatures.

But still, it is better to use batteries as an additional source of heat for private houses. In winter, the energy of the sun will not be enough to accumulate the required amount of heat. During periods of increased cloudiness, your home may also remain cold. New technologies make it possible to combine several types of heating into one complex, and solar panels can be combined with a geothermal installation or infrared radiation.

Also, the disadvantages include very high prices for solar collectors and equipment. To heat a house of 100 m², installing solar panels will cost about 900,000 rubles.

Infrared radiation

The essence of this method is to use the properties of infrared rays. The directional flow heats the solid objects under the radiation, and they in turn increase the air temperature of the house.

Equipment Features

Infrared radiation can come from point features or from surfaces. The required number of devices is calculated. Emitters can be of two types:

portable;
stationary.

Stationary radiators are fixed on the ceiling and walls in those places where it is necessary to produce heating. The mobile version on a support can be moved within a private house, it can even be used outdoors.

Infrared radiation can also come from surfaces. For this, a special film is used, which is located under the facing layer on the ceiling, walls and ceiling. This technology is a novelty in the development of heating complexes.

Advantages and disadvantages

The operation of infrared emitters is associated with both positive and negative aspects. The advantages include:

rapid heating of the room;
economical consumption of electricity;
the ability to move the device;
automatic adjustment of the heating mode;
use of a heat source in open areas;
low cost of infrared equipment.

The purchase and installation of emitters for houses with an area of 100 m² can be limited to 30,000 rubles. If film infrared heating is provided, the starting threshold for expenses will be an amount of 160,000 rubles.

The disadvantages of an infrared heating system are that the devices should be located no lower than 1.5 meters from the floor level. This is necessary so that the flooring of the house is not damaged. Long-term operation of the emitter may cause it to overheat.

Without the right business case, any innovative product will fail. Therefore, it is necessary to make calculations of the economic feasibility of installing a C3SS5 thermal element.

We calculate the payback time and the economic effect of using this device for two different cases.

The first calculation will be made taking into account the following conditions:

The C3SS5 unit is used in a hot water supply system for heating the heat carrier in an indirect heating boiler.
The C3SS5 operates at full power 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
This system is installed in one of the cities of the Tyumen region.

The price of the Smart Heat C3SS5 thermal element is quite high today - 150 thousand rubles, including the cost of two Hewlett-Packard power supplies necessary for the operation of the installation. At rated power, the device consumes 3 kW of electricity per hour. Working non-stop, the device increases the readings of the electric meter by exactly 72 kW / h per day. The C3SS5 fuel cell is capable of using up to 26,280 kWh of electrical energy per year.

The cost of one kilowatt-hour of electricity for the population of the Tyumen region in 2015 is 2.25 rubles. By simple multiplication, we get the cost of electricity that the heating unit will absorb in a year. And this is neither more nor less, 26280x2.25 = 59130 rubles.

Compensation for the use of the computing power of the installation is 500 rubles per day of use. Consequently, in a year your QIWI wallet (namely, the company transfers funds to it) will be replenished in the amount of 182,500 rubles.

In order to determine the benefit received, we subtract the cost of purchasing electricity from the amount of compensation: 182,500 rubles. - 59130 rubles. = 123370 rubles.

Free hot water supply all year round, and even 123,370 rubles of benefits received, is a pretty good financial investment. We deliberately use the word "benefit" rather than "profit." The fact is that in order to make a profit, you must first recoup the cost of C3SS5 itself. Dividing its price by the amount of financial benefit, we get: 150000/123370 = 1.22 years = 1 year 3 months. Exactly after this period, the device will reach self-sufficiency and in the future will begin to bring net profit in the amount of 338 rubles a day!

The second calculation will be made for Moscow, where the cost of electricity for 2015 is much higher than the national average, and amounts to 4.68 rubles per 1 kWh (the same single-rate tariff). All other conditions are the same as in the first case. We will not present the performed calculations here, we will only say that it will take at least 2.5 years to reach self-sufficiency in this case.

Of course, these calculations are quite approximate, and the values used in them in reality vary widely depending on the operating mode of the installation and the specific method of billing the consumed electricity. Nevertheless, the calculations performed show the real picture that the use of innovative fuel cells gives. And she is very optimistic, so C3SS5 is alive!

Infrared radiation

The essence of this method is to use the properties of infrared rays. The directional flow heats the solid objects under the radiation, and they in turn increase the air temperature of the house.

Equipment Features

Infrared radiation can come from point features or from surfaces. The required number of devices is calculated. Emitters can be of two types:

portable;
stationary.

Infrared radiation can also come from surfaces. For this, a special film is used, which is located under the facing layer on the ceiling, walls and ceiling. This technology is a novelty in the development of heating complexes.

Advantages and disadvantages

The operation of infrared emitters is associated with both positive and negative aspects. The advantages include:

rapid heating of the room;
economical consumption of electricity;
the ability to move the device;
automatic adjustment of the heating mode;
use of a heat source in open areas;
low cost of infrared equipment.

infrared floors

Infrared carbon mats are convenient, reliable, economical, easy to install

Modern home insulation technologies

Building a house today involves the use of new ways of insulating buildings with innovative materials.

Using Lic Ceramic Thermal Insulation Paint

In the people, this modern material is called nanopaint for insulation. Ultra-thin thermal insulation is the main quality of this material. It is applied to warming of walls, facades, roofs, floors. Innovative material saves heat in the room by 30%. For old buildings, a small weight of the material will be a plus. There is no additional load on the walls.

Liquid penoizol

Old buildings require careful treatment. Liquid insulation penoizol - supplied under pressure. Fills voids inside walls, foundations and roofs. The appearance of the old building will not suffer. With the help of foam material, small gaps and defects in the walls are filled. Home insulation is carried out with a high degree of reliability.

Penoizol has high sound insulation, low thermal conductivity, increased fire resistance. House insulation will last 30-50 years.

foam granule

These are solid styrofoam balls. It's called "crushed foam".

It is applied like this:

Added to concrete. Concrete becomes lightweight and with increased thermal insulation.
Voids, for example, inter-brick masonry, are blown out with foam plastic granules. Additional alignment of walls for insulation is not required.

Foil heaters

The material consists of foil and thermal layer. The foil performs the task of a heat flux reflector. Insulate walls both outside and inside.

The choice in arranging home heating and its insulation is wide and multifaceted. You can choose an option to achieve your goal. The use of new technologies helps to create coziness and comfort in the house.

PLEN is a worthy alternative

Film radiant electric heaters are one of the most interesting developments in the field of energy-saving heating technologies. PLEN systems are economical, efficient and quite capable of replacing traditional types of heating. The heaters are placed in a special heat-resistant film. PLEN is attached to the ceiling.

The film radiant electric heater is an integral structure consisting of power cables, heaters, a foil shield and a high-strength film

The principle of operation of such a system

Infrared radiation heats the floor and objects in the rooms, which in turn give off heat to the air. Thus, the floor and furniture also play the role of additional heaters. Due to this, the heating system consumes less electricity and gives maximum results.

Automation is responsible for maintaining the desired temperature - temperature sensors and a thermostat. The systems are electrically and fireproof, do not dry out the air in the premises, and operate silently. Since heating occurs predominantly by radiation and to a lesser extent by convection, PLENs do not contribute to the spread of dust. The systems are very hygienic.

Another important advantage is the absence of emission of toxic combustion products. Systems do not need special care, harmless to human health, do not poison the environment

With ceiling infrared heating, the warmest zone is at the level of the legs and torso of a person, which makes it possible to achieve the most comfortable temperature regime. The life of the system can be 50 years.

The infrared heater performs approximately 10% of the space heating work. 90% falls on the floor and large furniture. They accumulate and give off heat, thus becoming part of the heating system.

What makes PLAN so profitable?

The buyer bears the greatest expenses at the time of purchasing the film heater. The design is easy to install, and if desired, you can install it yourself. This saves on employees. The system does not require maintenance. Its design is simple, therefore durable and reliable. It pays off in about 2 years and can serve for decades.

Its biggest plus is significant savings on electricity. The heater quickly warms up the room and then simply maintains the set temperature. If necessary, it can be easily removed and mounted in another room, which is very convenient and beneficial in case of moving.

Infrared radiation has a positive effect on human health, activates the body's defenses. By installing PLEN, the owner of the house, in addition to heating, additionally receives a real physiotherapy room

PLEN editing training film

The video shows all the stages of installing a film heater:

Budget heating options

In rural areas and remote regions, heating systems for private houses are installed taking into account complicating factors:

during power outages, any innovations and technological solutions turn into a pile of useless rubbish, the premises cool down;
it is often necessary to consider options without gas, since the connection is too expensive or technically impossible;
the price of liquefied gas and related equipment does not allow the owner with small incomes to arrange autonomous heating;
limited budget.

Comment. If power outages or power surges are constantly observed, it makes no sense to buy an uninterruptible power supply or an electric generator. The first one may not have enough charge, the second one will not start without the help of the owner. Result: you come home from work and find yourself in a cold house.

In such conditions, a non-volatile heating scheme is considered modern, implemented in 2 ways:

Gravity-flowing wiring is mounted from pipes of increased diameter, observing slopes in horizontal sections, as was done above in the diagram of a two-story house. The coolant heats the stove with a water circuit or a boiler that does not need electricity.
A brick oven is being built with access to 3-4 rooms. In a small country house, a metal or cast-iron wood-burning stove is placed.

A small stove with a tank - a boiler can be folded with your own hands

A gas boiler with non-volatile automation such as "", "Lemax", AOGV and the like can act as a heat source. If there is no gas in the area, you can install a direct combustion solid fuel heat generator controlled by a chain draft regulator.

In the days of the USSR, when settlements were massively gasified, the owners of residential buildings destroyed brick stoves that occupied the area in vain. Now there is a reverse trend - furnaces are being restored or laid out from scratch.

Many modern developers prefer to put a solid brick heater into the project and not depend on external factors. If the stove in the dwelling has been preserved, restore it, as shown in the video:

Ways to economically heat a private house

The amount of energy required to replace the lost heat depends on four factors:

location of the house (in colder regions, consumption is higher);
the size of the building;
energy efficiency at home;
energy efficiency of the heating system.

The first factor is the main but it does not depend on you. The colder the weather outside, the more energy is required to maintain a comfortable temperature inside.

important and house size. A spacious room contains a significant amount of air that needs to be warmed up. Therefore, a large house requires large heating costs.

A great opportunity to save energy and money is to improve the energy efficiency of your home and its heating system. There are several ways to do this:

choose the optimal type of heating system;
improve facade insulation;
repair the heat distribution system (air ducts and pipes);
eliminate heat leakage through doors, windows and various cracks.

The evolution of traditional systems and boilers

In Soviet times, when no one cared about the cost of energy, heating equipment and systems were quite primitive, although they were made very reliably and lasted for many years. Now the priorities have changed, modern energy-saving technologies have become relevant, which allow saving constantly rising energy carriers.

Thanks to this, traditional systems have become more perfect through the introduction of such solutions:

increasing the efficiency of all boiler plants, excluding electric ones, since their efficiency is already very high (98-99%);
the use of new materials and technologies for the manufacture of heating radiators;
introduction of modern means of automation that controls the operation of systems depending on weather conditions and time of day, including remotely;
the use of low-temperature heating networks - water heated floors with automatic heating control;
implementation of heat extraction from exhaust air during air heating of buildings (recuperation).

A striking example of energy-saving gas equipment are condensing boilers, where the most modern heat exchangers are installed. The fact is that when methane is burned, water is formed, which immediately evaporates in the burner flame and thus takes away part of the heat generated. The heat exchanger of a condensing boiler is designed to force the vapors to condense and give this energy back. Due to this innovative solution, the efficiency of the heat generator reaches 96%.

The burners have also undergone changes, now they can independently dose the amount of fuel and air, as well as automatically change the intensity of combustion. This also applies to solid fuel boilers that burn wood pellets - pellets. Due to the purity of this type of solid fuel, full automation of the process and a developed heat exchange surface, a modern pellet boiler can operate with an efficiency of up to 85%.

An increase in the efficiency of conventional wood-burning boilers for heating private houses can only be achieved by taking heat from flue gases, the average of these units is 70-75%.

Modern heaters are made from the best heat-conducting materials - aluminum alloy and steel, although retro-style cast-iron batteries still have many fans. A real novelty in the field of heating is water skirting convectors made of copper plates and very efficiently transferring heat to the premises of a private house.

Heat pumps

These are devices for transferring thermal energy from a source to a coolant. In itself, the idea of a heat pump system is not new; it was proposed by Lord Kelvin back in 1852.

How it works: A geothermal heat pump takes heat from the environment and transfers it to the heating system. The systems can also work to cool buildings.

How a heat pump works

The heat pump is designed to use the heat of the environment in heating systems

Steam heating

Boiler for steam heating

geothermal plant

Its principle of operation is similar to the hydrothermal version. The difference lies in the fact that the heat of the earth is used, not water.

Equipment Features

a large area of \u200b\u200ba private plot is needed to accommodate the contour;
the inability to plant plants, because the collector will cool their roots.

Advantages of using the heat of the earth

This system has the following advantages:

the thermal energy of the earth is an inexhaustible source of energy;
autonomous operation of the system;
absolute fire safety, there is no possibility of fire;
minimum power consumption;
no need for delivery and storage of fuel;
long service life.

The high cost of the object is the main disadvantage. A geothermal installation for the same quadrature as in the previous case will increase to 600 thousand rubles.

Traditional heating systems

Most often, water or various antifreeze liquids are used for heating, which circulate through pipes. The liquid is heated using gas boilers that can operate on liquid, solid and gas fuels. Recently, electrodes have been used as heating elements.

Water heating is popular due to the availability and efficiency of the coolant among the owners of cottages and other suburban housing. The water system is easy to mount on your own. The good news is that the volume of water in the system remains constant.

Disadvantages of water heating in the long time of warming up the room, possible leaks and ruptures of pipes. Do not turn off the water system in winter, as the water will freeze and burst the pipes.

Electric heating

Scheme of traditional and electric heating of buildings

Priorities of modern developments

In modern developments of heating systems, engineers focus on such factors:

ease of installation work;
compactness of the system;
high efficiency (efficiency);
low cost;
ensuring good indicators of humidity indoors;
low cost of 1 calorie of heat;
use of harmless materials;
high safety during equipment operation at maximum loads.

It is in these directions that all new developments that appear on the energy market are moving forward. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages, therefore, a specific type of heating is selected based on the area of the house, floor, wall and ceiling insulation, heating seasonality, purpose of the room (residential, work, cottage, etc.).

Varieties of new technologies in heating private houses

New technologies using alternative heat carriers are replacing the usual for all gas and electric heating installations. There are four types of systems depending on the source:

hydrothermal;
geothermal;
solar;
infrared.

Let's consider them in more detail.

Vacuum solar collectors

This method of obtaining thermal energy consists in the fact that a vacuum solar collector absorbs solar light energy and converts it into heat, which heats the coolant. It consists of a complex of vacuum tubes that change the energy of the sun by transferring heat from the absorption coating of the inside of the tube to the heat carrier contained in the heat exchanger. This type of collector works like a thermos tube. This allows you to use them in the winter season. The principle of operation of the collector: solar radiation enters the plane of the collector, passes through the vacuum between the tubes and falls on a special coating applied inside the second tube-thermos. This coating has properties that allow it to heat up intensively, and at the same time, the vacuum tube heats up, from which heat is transferred to the coolant.

Wind energy

Wind energy can be converted into electricity using windmills (wind generators). Their power depends on the purpose of application: industrial or domestic. The former can be used by large private or public enterprises. As a rule, devices are not installed singly, but at least 10-20. This is how a wind farm works. For personal use, one device is enough.

The big difference between wind power plants and the usual nuclear and thermal ones is that they do not need the original raw materials for operation, and they also do not have waste.

The most important thing is the wind of at least 5 m/s according to the annual average. The power of the installation not for personal use can reach 7-8 mW

This innovation makes it possible to produce electricity by converting the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy.

Wind generators are divided into two types:

vertical (their work does not depend on the direction of the wind);
horizontal (should be installed strictly facing the wind).

The maximum efficiency of wind turbines reaches 60%, but the average value is 40-50%.

How to perform facade insulation

Insulation of the facade in the form of its insulation is the main protection of the house from heat loss through the building body.

Therefore, it is very important to insulate the largest part of the house in terms of area - the walls of the facade. Insulating materials reduce heat loss by providing a barrier between the inside of the house and the significantly different temperatures outside.

Houses use different types of insulation. The most common ones- polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene and fiberglass.

Polyurethane foam

Foam insulation is spray or injection foam.

spray foam in a liquid state, it is distributed in the open spaces of a new house design. After that, the foam expands, fills the cavity and solidifies.
injection foam pumped into existing cracks, crevices or other voids in walls. This makes this polyurethane foam indispensable for repairing the insulation of existing homes.

Styrofoam

Styrofoam happens with open or closed cells.

Expanded polystyrene with open cells very light and flexible. When the polystyrene foam is foamed, the gas inside the cells escapes through holes in the cell wall. This process contributes to the creation of a light and flexible shape that compacts as it cures.
Closed cell expanded polystyrene has a much denser and heavier structure. It forms a dense surface that is more resistant to weathering and temperature changes.

Fiberglass

Fiberglass is made from soda, limestone, sand and crushed glass and is supplied in slabs or rolls. It is placed in unfinished walls, floors and ceilings between pins, beams and crossbeams. Due to its fibrous structure, this material is excellent keeps air inside and prevents heat loss.

Photo 1. A piece of fiberglass. It is one of the most popular home insulation materials.

How to heat a house with heat pumps in winter and summer

Heat pumps are devices for transferring warm air using an electric pump. In winter, the warm air is separated from the cold outdoors and circulates inside the house. In summer, the heat pump reverses the direction of flow and the warm air from the room is carried outside. Heat pumps use forced air systems to distribute heated air throughout the home.

Exist two types heat pumps.

Geothermal

Geothermal pumps pump warm air from a pipeline placed underground. The temperature in such a source stable throughout the year.

In geothermal pumps, the collector circuit is a coil buried in long, shallow pits or in vertical wells.

The efficiency of heat pumps is often happens more than 100%, because electricity is used in them not to create heat, but to move it.

Air

Air source heat pumps use outside air as a heat source in winter and as a heat sink in summer. These heat pumps look and install just like a central air conditioner.

What are modern heating systems

If we try to answer this question in a few words, the answer will be simple: efficient. economical. reliable. safe. environmentally friendly .

Efficiency heating systems in recent years has been improved in two ways. First, innovations and improvements in the design of heating boilers have increased their efficiency and energy efficiency. A modern boiler is smaller, more productive and more convenient to use than its counterpart of five to ten years ago. Another direction of efficiency growth is the improvement thermal insulation materials. used in construction. Less heat loss occurs in the elements of the heating system. Progress in microelectronics has made available computer control systems heating, which also increase the efficiency of the system.

economy heating is achieved both by its efficiency and by the “smart” control of the system. Now it is quite feasible to build heating with independent temperature control in every room. There are also so-called "weather-compensated" systems. which change the mode of operation not only depending on the temperature in the room, but also depending on the temperature outside. The same systems are able to switch the operating modes of the system depending on the time of day, day of the week and even the season, without spending fuel on heating the house at night or in the absence of residents.

Reliability and security heating over the past ten or two years has increased many times due to the use of new materials and control electronics. New materials(plastics and metal-plastics, bimetallic “sandwiches”), connection methods elements of the system and their installation increased the estimated service life of parts and assemblies. Control electronics monitors the operation of the system, prevents abnormal modes of operation and reminds of the need for preventive maintenance and maintenance of the system. Now some systems even allow the engineer to remotely connect to the control unit and diagnose and reconfigure the system.

Environmental friendliness system is determined by its efficiency and use as renewable heat sources. We will talk about them later.

The possibilities of a modern heating system are not limited only to the heat in the house. It can also serve hot water source for household and technical needs. It can feed thermal curtains that isolate doorways from the penetration of cold air from outside. Heating can also warm your roof and porch, and even nearby walkways, saving you the hassle of clearing snow and ice.

Monolithic quartz modules

This heating method has no analogues. It was invented by S. Sargsyan. The principle of operation of thermal electric heaters is based on the ability of quartz sand to accumulate and release heat well. The appliances continue to heat the air in the room even after a power outage. Systems with monolithic quartz electric heating modules are reliable, easy to use, do not require special care and maintenance.

The heating element in the module is completely protected from any external influences. Thanks to this, the heating system can be mounted in rooms of any purpose. The term of operation is not limited. Temperature control is carried out automatically. Devices are fireproof, environmentally friendly.

Cost savings when using electric heating modules is about 50%. This became possible because the devices do not work 24 hours a day, but only 3-12. The time during which the module consumes electricity depends on the degree of thermal insulation of the room where it is installed. The higher the heat loss, the greater the energy consumption. Heating of this type is used in private houses, offices, shops, hotels.

Monolithic quartz electric heating modules do not emit noise during operation, do not burn air, do not raise dust. The heating element is monolithic in the design and is not afraid of any external influences

Solar panels

Using solar energy for heating is the cheapest and most affordable way. The main task is to convert sunlight into heat with minimal losses.

System device

heat exchanger;
storage tank;
pipeline;
fore-chamber.

Advantages and disadvantages

It is worth noting the main advantages of solar panels:

high efficiency;
long service life - more than 25 years;
ease of maintenance;
independence from low air temperatures.

Also, the disadvantages include very high prices for solar collectors and equipment. To heat a house of 100 m², installing solar panels will cost about 900,000 rubles.

System advantages

Let's start with the positive qualities of such a heating system:

Foil for mounting under the skirting board

Since there is no air convection, dust particles do not rise from objects and do not spread over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
Infrared heat is perfectly perceived by the human body. At the same time, the temperature is evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the room, so that warm air does not accumulate under the ceiling.
Walls and other enclosing structures where plinth radiators are installed heat up. Therefore, heat loss is drastically reduced. In addition, the walls will always be dry, which means that neither mold nor fungus will ever become a reason for a new repair.
Ease of installation process. Installing and connecting such a system into one circuit is not a problem, and even a non-professional can handle this process. Especially it concerns. At the same time, the radiators are small in size and presentable in appearance. So they can in no way spoil the design of the interior in which they are installed.
Good fuel economy due to low coolant temperature. Experts say that it can reach up to 40% when compared with the classic water heating scheme using traditional batteries.
High maintainability. Moreover, electrical systems are much easier to repair than water systems. It is enough to remove the box and replace the lower tube, which usually fails, with a new one. However, electric baseboard radiators have been operating properly for decades. So you don't have to worry about this issue.
If you equip the distribution manifold with thermostats, you can easily control the distribution of heat in the rooms. For example, a high temperature is not needed in the living room at night, which means that in this room it can be lowered by reducing the supply of coolant. At the same time, the temperature in the bedroom needs to be raised, which means that it is necessary to redistribute the coolant flow so that it goes to the bedrooms.

By the way, with the help of baseboard heating in the summer you can reduce the temperature inside the room. True, instead of hot water, the system must be filled with cold water. The "sticking" effect works in this case too, so the walls will start to cool down.

Solar panels

Working principle of solar heating

Describing modern methods of obtaining energy for heating a house, one cannot fail to mention solar heating. At the same time, both photovoltaic panels and solar collectors are used for heating.

Note!
The low energy efficiency of photovoltaic panels (efficiency less than 20%) has led to the fact that they are almost completely replaced by collector-type batteries. .

The principle of operation of the collector

The heating system powered by solar energy includes the following elements:

The collector itself is an installation of a series of tubes connected to a reservoir filled with coolant. According to the type of construction, flat, vacuum and air collectors are distinguished. The design diagram of the collector is shown in the photo.
The circuit through which the coolant enters the system, where thermal energy is taken.
A heat accumulator is a water tank in which energy is converted.
Sometimes a pump is also added to this system, which provides forced circulation of the coolant around the circuit for more efficient energy exchange.

Solar Powered System

Efficient use of solar collectors

In order for home heating using this technology to be as efficient as possible, a number of recommendations must be followed:

Proper installation ensures maximum energy flow

Firstly, solar heating can be used as the main one only when there are at least 18-20 sunny days in your area per month. If this indicator is lower, then it is mandatory to install a backup heating system.
Secondly, collectors must be placed as high as possible, and oriented in such a way that they receive the maximum amount of sunlight. At the same time, it is important to distribute the elements so that the energy flow throughout the daylight hours is relatively uniform.
The optimal installation angle of the collectors in relation to the horizon is 30-450.
The pipes connecting the collectors to the heat exchanger must be insulated to reduce energy losses.

Alternative types of heating systems

Scheme of gravity heating.

Innovative methods of heating private houses are distinguished by safety during operation, efficiency, compactness.

New heating systems for individual suburban housing allow you to change the power of heating devices in the system according to the wishes of the owner.

The new heating systems use high-quality new generation piping, upgrades in system wiring to improve economic performance.

Avant-garde heating systems are equipped in such a way that it is possible to adjust the supply of heat carrier under real weather conditions and taking into account the time of day. New heating systems provide for the installation of special controllers with a timer, which is programmed to turn on / off automatically to maintain the set temperature at night. Thermostatic valves are installed on the radiators to control the temperature in each room of a private house.

Alternative and economical heating systems include:

heating using solar energy;
Heat pump;
vacuum solar collectors;
heating on propane-butane;
infrared heaters;
film radiant electric heaters - PLEN;
heating system "".

Infrared heating is one of the most economical ways

The infrared spectrum is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This form of radiated heat is the most basic. It's the same 100% natural heat type, which radiates and absorbs the human body daily.

In appearance, it is almost impossible to distinguish an electrical system from a water one. This is still the same aluminum box, which is heated by the same copper tubes. True, the supply pipes are not visible. But the interior is completely different. The upper tube contains an electrical cable that supplies current. The cable is well insulated with silicone filler. A heat cable in the form of an air heating element is installed in the lower tube. The power of one running meter of heating element is 200 watts.

Installation of such radiators is simple, and you will need a regular outlet to connect to the AC mains. If you correctly calculate the power of one electric radiator and take the desired length of the heating element, then you can heat a small room with one such battery.

Attention! Manufacturers do everything to provide maximum protection for electric baseboard radiators. But experts do not recommend installing them in damp areas of the house.

Water heating

Types of water systems

Depending on the type of connection of heating devices, the systems are divided into:

single-pipe,
two-pipe,
bifilar (two-furnace).

According to the method of wiring, they distinguish:

top;
bottom;
vertical;
horizontal heating system.

Scheme of two-pipe water heating of a country house

Advantages and disadvantages

Water heating is widespread due to the availability of coolant

Another advantage is the ability to equip the heating system with your own hands, which is important for our compatriots who are accustomed to relying only on their own strength. However, if the budget allows not to save, it is better to entrust the design and installation of heating to specialists.

If the ceiling height is more than 3 m, the house has large windows, there are additional consumers, or the premises are not well insulated, all these nuances must be taken into account in the calculations.

Closed house heating system

Underfloor heating system

Underfloor heating technology is a convenient and economical space heating system. Modern installations use progressive materials. For the manufacture of pipelines, light and durable polymeric materials are used.

The basis of a warm electric floor is a heating cable. The main thing in this type of heating is the quality of the cable, on which the efficiency of the system and the duration of its service depend.
Warm floors using water do not emit harmful substances, electromagnetic radiation. Water is a cheap and heat-intensive heat carrier. A network of pipelines is installed, through which the liquid flows, between the base and the floor covering. Compared to the electrical system "warm floor", this type of heating is much cheaper.

The energy supply policy pursued in recent years involves the transition to renewable energy sources. Increasingly, for the production of electricity, not gas and coal are used, but the sun, wind, water energy. These are environmentally friendly energy sources that do not pollute the environment with emissions and discharges.

About underfloor heating and air heating

The widely used underfloor heating systems are not all that new. But they proved to be very economical in practice, and here's why:

the coolant in the underfloor heating circuits is heated to no more than 45 ° C;
the room is heated by the entire surface of the floor;
the system lends itself well to the management of modern automation tools;
the heated screed retains heat for a long time after turning off the heating.

Note. In addition to the fact that the warm floor effectively uses heat, it provides its supply to the lower zone of the room, which is very comfortable for the people there.

Modern solutions in terms of air heating of buildings are not to lose the heat spent on heating the ventilation air. Extraction of heat from the exhaust air is carried out by special heat exchangers - recuperators. These are truly innovations in heating, as they are able to recover up to 80% of the spent energy and transfer it to the supply air, significantly saving energy.

findings

It is a well-known fact that the more efficient an innovation in a heating system is, the more expensive it is, although it requires lower operating costs. Conversely, high-tech electric heating systems that are cheap to install make us pay later for the electricity we use. Heat pumps are so expensive that they are not available to most citizens of the post-Soviet space.

The second reason why homeowners gravitate towards traditional systems is the direct dependence of modern heating equipment on the availability of electricity. For residents of remote areas, this fact plays a big role, because they prefer to build brick ovens and heat the house with wood.

Heating should be not only efficient, but also economical. The latest technologies for heating a private house and its installation should contribute to the growth of this indicator. Their main characteristic is the efficiency indicator. But we should not forget about minimizing operating costs.

Principles of new heating methods

Any innovative technologies in heating should improve the system, its performance and operating comfort. There are several areas of development that determine future trends in the organization of autonomous heating at home.

The most popular is the modernization of current classical circuits, and in particular - individual components. First of all, this applies to heating boilers. Increasing the efficiency of work (COP), maximum autonomy and economy - these are the main indicators when choosing a modern boiler.

But besides this, new technologies for heating a country house include the following areas:

Use of alternative heat sources - geothermal heating, solar collectors, etc.;
Improvement of traditional heating schemes. This is especially true for systems that use electricity as the main source of thermal energy;
New materials for the manufacture of radiators and pipelines, modernization of the design of heating devices.

Not always offered new technologies for heating a private house are truly effective. But there are already proven methods for improving the characteristics of the system for maintaining the optimum temperature during the operation of autonomous heating.

Solar collectors or geothermal heating may only be installed as ancillary systems. Given the harsh winters, they are not able to raise the temperature in the room to the required level.

Infrared home heating

What is the most efficient way to convert electrical energy into thermal energy? The ideal option is the generation of IR rays in the wavelength range from 10-15 microns. To do this, use special resistive elements made of carbon. Modern Finnish heating technology uses this type of heater.

They are a polymer foam base with a layer of foil applied. Resistive elements are located on its surface, which, when an electric current is connected, emit IR waves. These modern heating technologies are not possible without an electronic control unit - they are designed to adjust the power depending on the temperature parameters in the room and user settings

According to the Finnish heating technology scheme, installation is carried out on the ceiling in the room. Thus, maximum heating of the entire volume of the room is achieved. Side mounting is less efficient. But unlike the technology of installing heating from polypropylene pipes, the installation of PleN requires mandatory insulation of the ceiling and walls. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the following features of IR heating:

The maximum heating level of the film is about 40-50°C;
Heat losses in the building should not exceed the normative ones. Otherwise, the air heating will not be higher than 16-17°C;
The technology for installing heating radiators provides for a relatively small area of \u200b\u200bbatteries. For the effectiveness of the work of the PleN, the ceiling coverage area should reach 60-70% of the total;
Unlike the technology of installing water heating, IK does not require the installation of boilers, pipelines and other elements of the system.

But why has Plein not received such a wide development? Despite the fact that it belongs to innovative technologies in heating, the degree of air heating in a residential building in many cases remains unsatisfactory. This is due to the large heat losses.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the inertia of this system, which in many cases is unacceptable for new technologies for heating a country house. The return to normal mode can last from 2 to 4 weeks.

The actual thermal power of the film heater differs from the nominal one by 10-15%. This must be taken into account when calculating the coverage area.

Component systems and their installation

Any new water heating installation technology always involves the use of innovative materials for the manufacture of its components. Thanks to the development of the polymer industry, more economical pipe models have appeared - polypropylene, cross-linked polyethylene and metal-plastic. They are easy to install and have a long service life.

Installation of polypropylene heating pipes

Before the advent of modern technologies in heating, the installation of highways occupied the "lion's" share of funds and forces. Steel pipelines were connected by a welded method, and if it was impossible to use a welding machine - on threaded couplings. This did not always lead to the desired result.

The principle of heating installation technology from polypropylene pipes is to create joints using diffusion welding. The surface of the elements is heated to a fluid state, as a result of which they are soldered. This technique has a number of positive aspects:

The ability to independently lay pipelines. To do this, you need to purchase a special soldering machine. The cost of the most affordable model is 400-700 rubles;
Connection reliability. To do this, you only need to observe the heating time of the pipes;
Simplified technology for mounting heating radiators.

However, polypropylene pipes have one important "minus" - the maximum possible water temperature should not exceed + 90 ° C. Otherwise, their deformation and delamination of the reinforcing shell will occur.

To increase the heat output in new technologies for installing heating batteries, the installation of a reflective surface is provided. Most often used foil penofol.

Warm floor for heating

Often, when choosing a water heating installation technologist, they adhere to the classical scheme - installation of pipelines for transporting coolant and radiators designed to transfer thermal energy to a room. However, such an organization does not always justify itself. Therefore, in some cases, they prefer to make a water-heated floor throughout the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe house.

What is the innovation of this technology as heating? The main indicator is work efficiency. The task for the owner of a country cottage is to choose the right materials and structural components:

Pipes. The best option is cross-linked polyethylene with a sheath that protects against air penetration. These pipes have sufficient flexibility, are mounted using fittings and have high heat transfer;
Control system. Without this, new technologies in heating a country cottage are impossible. For a water heated floor, this is a collector with an automatic mixing unit. You will also need a programmer connected to external temperature sensors;
Flooring. It plays an important role, since it is the heat losses for the passage of energy through the cement screed or laminate that will determine the final efficiency of the entire system.

How much will such new heating technologies cost in a private house? It all depends on the selected components and line layouts. Considering that the majority of heat losses in private buildings are due to insufficient insulation of the foundation, a water heated floor is currently considered one of the best options for maintaining a comfortable temperature level. An important advantage is the ability to choose the heating installation technology - from polypropylene pipes, from cross-linked polyethylene or metal-plastic. The difference will be only in the cost of components and the complexity of installation.

Unlike Finnish heating technology, a water heated floor can heat the air in a room up to 25-28°C. But at the same time, the cost of purchasing equipment and its examination of a warm floor is much higher. The choice of a particular system is determined by the required heating characteristics.

The constant growth of electricity and gas bills contributes to the development of the field of alternative energy sources. New technologies for heating private houses make it possible to get it from the sun, water and land. In order to choose the right system, you need to understand how it works, compare and calculate the feasibility of its use and overall cost-effectiveness.

Varieties of new technologies

Today, the usual heating installations on gas and electricity are often replaced by new technological solutions. They can be divided into 4 types:

working on water;
using land resources;
using the energy of the sun;
infrared emitters.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, in order to determine the technology, it is necessary to study them in detail.

hydrothermal structures

This method is characterized by the use of natural water for energy. If there is a lake or a river near the house, then installing hydrothermal equipment will be much cheaper and easier. But in most cases, there are no such conditions, so you have to drill wells.

Installation of equipment is carried out in several stages:

external work;
internal wiring;
purchase of a hydraulic pump.

External work consists in laying pipes at the groundwater level, but the installation depth should not be higher than the ground freezing level in a certain region. Internal wiring is all the heating communications of the system located in the house.

The principle of operation is quite simple. External pipes are immersed in groundwater or a reservoir of at least 200 squares. The heat of the water is transferred by means of a pump from the outer pipes to the heat exchanger. After that, water from the heat exchanger enters the heating system of the house.

This setup has a number of advantages:

But this technological solution has disadvantages. The pump is quite expensive, as is the cost of work. The approximate price of the entire system for a house of 110 square meters can reach 8-10 thousand dollars. There must be a body of water nearby.

Earth as a heat source

The installation of such a system is somewhat similar to a hydrothermal source. The difference is that the energy of the earth is already used here, and not water.

The arrangement of pipes (external contour) can be both vertical and horizontal. With the first option, significant difficulties may arise in the course of work, since it is necessary to drill wells to a rather large depth. But with a horizontal arrangement, it will also not be easy. This requires a large area. In addition, it will be difficult to grow any plants later, since the collector will cool the ground and, accordingly, their roots.

The pipes are located close to the house, as is the heat exchanger. A pump that pumps heat through the system is installed in the house.

The new technology of heating a house using the heat of the earth also has its advantages:

The energy of the earth is inexhaustible.
The system works automatically.
There is no possibility of fire and explosion.
Electricity is consumed to a minimum.
Structures are durable.

Use of solar energy

The use of solar energy is one of the newest building heating systems. It is also very efficient and cheap. The system recycles solar energy with minimal losses.

The solar panel consists of two balls. The upper layer generates energy and transfers it to the lower one, which redirects it to the central block. Electricity is produced in the upper part thanks to the electrons that begin to move quickly under the influence of sunlight.

In addition, the package also includes:

storage tank;
heat exchanger;
pipeline;
fore-chamber.

The storage tank serves as a container in which the coolant is stored. It consists of an upper and a lower part. From the top, the liquid is supplied to the heating devices, and when it passes the entire circle, it returns to the storage tank. For efficient operation of the structure, it is necessary to install solar panels (collectors) from the side where the sun shines the most, at an angle of 35-40 degrees. All pipelines must be insulated to save money.

This system also has its pros and cons. Among the advantages can be noted:

operation for more than 25 years without the need for major repairs;
efficient work with high efficiency;
simple maintenance;
The air temperature does not matter, the main thing is direct sunlight.

Minus - the efficiency of solar panels drops sharply in winter, and if the power station is insufficient, there will not be enough energy to heat even one house. If the sky is cloudy for a long time, the housing may remain cold.

New heating systems for private houses allow you to combine several types into one complex. For example, you can use geothermal energy sources or infrared sources together with a solar station.

The disadvantage of this type of heating is also the price. Heating a private house of 100 square meters requires up to 20 thousand dollars.

Infrared radiation

Here the technology is clear from the name itself. It consists in using infrared rays as a heat source. The main feature of such devices is the direct heating of objects under the influence of rays, and not air. After that, the objects partially give off the temperature to the air and heat it up, but this is insignificant.

Such devices are of two types: stationary and mobile. Radiation can come from point features or from surfaces.

Stationary options are hung on the wall and fixed "tightly", that is, they will heat only one part of the room all the time. Portable (on a special tripod) can be moved to any place. For private use, they are more convenient, besides, they can be used on the street. Since they heat objects, not air, they will do their job perfectly in such conditions.

Infrared radiation is a relatively new type of heating for a private house that deserves attention. You can also improve the system with a special film. It must be glued to the ceiling, walls and floor. So the rays will be better scattered and bounce off objects, respectively, and the heating efficiency will also be higher.

The use of infrared radiation also has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include:

To heat a house for 100 square meters, a budget of 30 thousand rubles is enough. If you additionally install a film, then the amount will increase to 150 thousand rubles.

New technologies of modern heating are constantly developing, and every day more and more innovative ideas are being implemented. Some stop at the project stages, while others get big investments and mass production. Nevertheless, today there are quite a lot of innovative heating systems that can already be installed and used instead of the usual gas and electric sources.

Wind energy

The big difference between wind power plants and the usual nuclear and thermal ones is that they do not need the original raw materials for operation, and they also do not have waste. The most important thing is the wind of at least 5 m/s according to the annual average. The power of the installation, not for personal use, can reach 7-8 mW. This innovation makes it possible to produce electricity by converting the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy.

Wind generators are divided into two types: