Only then will you become a man when you learn to see a man in another (A.N. Radishchev). "only then you become a man when you understand another person" Essay on the topic only then you become a man

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Only then will you become a man when you learn to see a man in another

At the heart of the drama "Thunderstorm" is the image of an awakening sense of personality and a new attitude to the world.

The laws of the terrible world, where man is a wolf to man, seem to some characters to be eternal, unchanging, unshakable. Therefore, Kuligin exclaims with pain: “Never, sir, we will never get out of this bark!” Tyranny, so vividly shown in the play, appears as evil, paralyzes many characters, making them weak-willed, apathetic, broken.

But Ostrovsky also showed that even in the ossified little world of Kalinov, a character of striking beauty and strength can arise. It is very important that Katerina was born and formed in the same Kalinovskiy conditions. In the exposition of the play, Katerina tells Varvara about her life as a girl. The main motive of her story is all-penetrating mutual love and will. But it was a “will” that did not at all conflict with the centuries-old way of life of the closed life of a woman, whose entire range of ideas is limited to domestic work and religious dreams. This is a world in which it does not occur to a person to oppose himself to the general, since he still does not separate himself from this community, and therefore there is no violence or coercion here. But Katerina lives in an era when the very spirit of this morality - the harmony between the individual and the ideas of the environment - has disappeared and the ossified form of relations is based on violence and coercion. The sensitive soul of Katerina caught this. “Yes, everything here seems to be from captivity.” It is very important that it is here, in Kalinovo, that a new attitude to the world is born in the soul of the heroine, new feelings that are still unclear to the heroine herself: “Something is so unusual in me. It’s like I’m starting to live again, or ... I don’t know.”

This vague feeling is the awakening sense of personality. In the soul of the heroine, it is embodied in love. Passion is born and grows in Katerina. The awakened feeling of love is perceived by Katerina as a terrible sin, because love for a stranger for her, a married woman, is a violation of her moral duty. Katerina does not doubt the fidelity of her moral ideas, she only sees that none of those around her cares about the true essence of this morality.

Any professional exchange of views is based on a dialogue approach, which, according to V. Mezhuev, implies not any controversy or dispute, but “a way of communication that allows you to see in the opposite opinion a certain truth that does not exhaust it entirely, but nevertheless makes up its important part".
Therefore, at the teachers' council there is not a denial of each other in the process of communication, but mutual understanding, which requires certain concessions, compromises and self-restraints from each of the parties. Our compatriot A.N. Radishchev is absolutely right in his slogan: “Only then will you become a man when you learn to see a man in another.” Therefore, modern approaches to understanding and organizing pedagogical councils at school require special discussion.
If we take the established practice (which does not mean the absence of other understanding and other examples), then teachers' councils consist of conversations about daily routine, reporting, informing about new regulatory requirements. Often, the potential of the pedagogical council is underestimated by the leaders of educational organizations, who turn this event into working meetings to analyze current issues. It seems to me unreasonable to reduce the council of pedagogical workers to a turnover and prompt response to situational problems. Justified, I think, is a broader definition of the term "pedagogical council" - a competent discussion of the problems of education in the professional environment of teachers with the possible participation of representatives of various social groups interested in their solution. In this understanding, the pedagogical council gives an opportunity for an open professional environment to discuss the prospects for the development of education and solve existing problems. It is no coincidence that in the new format of the competition "Teacher of the Year of Russia-2014" participation in the teachers' council is included as a separate test.
What results can the holding of the teachers' council be focused on? Some of them are teachers highlighting key (basic) worldview principles and separating them from positions that can be changed during the exchange of views and general discussion; justified acceptance or non-acceptance by the teacher of ideas, experience, suggestions; ability to comment on other opinions; establishing relationships based on respect and recognition of the dignity of the individual.
In the 2013-2014 academic year, employees of the Laboratory for the Management of Multidisciplinary Educational Organizations of the Center for General Education of the Moscow Institute for the Development of Education, on the basis of several large educational organizations in Moscow, began to organize and conduct teachers' councils in a training mode. The training is built on activation and involvement in the discussion, and not on the perception and memorization of information. The idea is to promote the unity of the teaching staff, which in the past consisted of representatives of different institutions. At the same time, the conversation is not just about abstract issues of psychological compatibility and communication, but also about specific professional topics related to the structure of modern classes, teaching methods, and project activities.
At the first stage, the teachers' council is held with the whole team. To do this, choose topics that have the potential for universality of the issues and problems raised, allow you to create a platform for agreement on the key terms of modern education. What is important is the request of the educational organization itself on certain issues, a joint discussion of the expected results of the upcoming pedagogical action.
The topics of such general discussions, for example, may be: “Planning a lesson (a lesson, a class hour, an extracurricular educational event, a holiday, a festival) from the point of view of a new generation of GEF”, “The structure of a modern lesson: a block approach and universal elements of a lesson”, “ Federal State Educational Standards and Modern Requirements for Teaching Methods", "Passive, Active and Interactive Approaches in Teaching", "Design in Education: Types of Projects, Structure of Project Activities", "Types of School Culture (Role Play)", "Communication and Interaction in the Educational Process : teacher's communicative culture", "Reflexive approaches in education: requirements for teaching". Undoubtedly, the list should not only be supplemented, but also refined, taking into account the specific requests of the teaching staff of the educational organization. It should be noted that the need to resolve work issues at pedagogical councils is also unquestioned, therefore, in practice, it was possible to combine different areas of work - promising professional development and prompt resolution of current problems.
Practice shows that even a short-term event with the active involvement of teachers, built on their professional interest in the issues under consideration, allows the leader and administration to see the problems of interaction existing in the team, identify pain points, understand the level of professionalism and the potential for cooperation. For the development of an educational organization, it is important that teachers have an open position, and not the desire to declare that their experience and practice do not need to be changed, that they know and can do everything. Often, deservedly respected and well-known teachers hold this opinion, initially negatively disposed to any information. It is sad when a professional does not see the prospects for his self-improvement, the very education throughout his life, which is spoken about by the relatively new Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”. The experience of MIRO cooperation with educational organizations has confirmed that in a relatively short period of time it is possible to reach agreement on the structure of the lesson flow chart, agree on the mandatory requirements for lesson planning, and learn to distinguish between assessment and reflection. In addition, it is important to exchange existing experience, compare positions, discuss the potential of interdisciplinary connections and the importance of the continuity of different levels of education.
At the second stage, it is supposed to organize a discussion for separate groups of interested teachers. They choose a topic from the proposed list or formulate topical issues themselves for consideration. Here, attention can be drawn to the system of social design for those who pay special attention to educational work, manage projects, and deal with the problems of shaping citizenship and patriotism in an educational organization. Improvement of organizational culture and project literacy will be facilitated by teachers' councils for formulating goals, objectives and expected results in the educational process. Issues of discussions, approaches to assessment, discussion of the requirements for computer presentations and work with modern information in general, the topics of civic education and the formation of an all-Russian identity, the organization of students' gaming activities and much more - this is a far from complete list of the possible content of teachers' councils.
In the course of the discussion, not only the successes of teachers become noticeable (and the basis is the emphasis on success and the creation of a benevolent professional environment), but also the existing problems. For example, young teachers are afraid to openly express their opinion, they look at the reaction of their more experienced colleagues, or authoritative teachers categorically declare that they have nothing to learn, their teaching system does not need any changes.
Here we are faced with one of the basic foundations for successful teamwork - overcoming inertia and conservatism of thinking, narcissism and conceit, ambition and total criticality (turning into criticism). This becomes a serious danger to the atmosphere of professional cooperation and friendly attitude towards each other. In A. Azimov's book “The End of Eternity” there are such reflections: “Why does Reality have inertia? We all know it is. In order to cause a Change, a real Change, any impact must exceed a certain critical value. Even after that, Reality tends to return to its original state. It seems to have been said on other issues, but it is very relevant for the education system, because you cannot look into the past or live with momentary problems. Here, A. Toynbee's statement will come in handy: “A society oriented towards loyalty to traditions, to its past, is doomed to disappear. A society focused on its present is doomed to stagnation. And only a future-oriented society can develop.”
An educational organization, especially a large one, is a society in miniature. Therefore, it clearly shows the potential of dialogue, which does not consist in denial of each other and rivalry, but in mutual understanding, requires concessions, compromises and self-restraints from each of the parties.
How to evaluate the effectiveness of the teachers' council in terms of teamwork in a team? There are several criteria that are manifested in specific indicators:
- understanding the problem - the ability to clearly and clearly formulate the key problem, show a vision of its depth, connect it with the problems under discussion, offer one or more solutions, credibility and evidence of the proposed methods for solving the problem, realism of the proposals;
- own position - argumentation of one's opinion, clarity and clarity of position, recognition of the possibility of other views on this issue, illustrations of one's views, building logical relationships, separating facts from opinions;
- general culture and erudition - the ability to formulate questions and make comments, a culture of discussion (using rules), accuracy and clarity of answers, respect for other points of view and a tolerant attitude towards differences, rejection of psychological (and any other) pressure and manipulation;
- novelty and originality of judgments - non-standard of the proposed solutions and questions, creative approach.
The list could go on.
Work experience shows that in a short period of time it is possible to agree on a common format for a technological map, accept requirements for the structure of a lesson and planning, and exchange experience in conducting project activities.
I agree with A. de Saint-Exupéry: “To be human is to feel one's responsibility. To feel shame in front of poverty, which, it would seem, does not depend on you. Be proud of every victory won by comrades. Realize that by laying your brick, you are helping to build the world.”

Andrey IOFFE, Head of the Center for General Education MIRO

Only then will you become a person when you learn to see a person in another (A.N. Radishchev)

With this statement A.N. It's hard not to agree with Radishchev. It very accurately reflects the problem of the development of the moral culture of the individual. In modern society, this issue is relevant.

As we know from the course of social science: morality is a set of social norms that evaluate the idea of ​​good and evil. Morality and morality are closely related concepts, but the essential difference between them is that morality is a person's internal idea of ​​moral norms, while morality itself is used to regulate behavior in a person's social life. Morality is manifested in the fact that a person not only knows the rules and norms of behavior, but also strives to comply with them. The goal and result of the moral formation of a person is moral culture. Its formation takes place in three stages: first, the formation of elementary, then conventional, and finally, autonomous morality. The source of the moral development of the individual is the social environment, which gives him the opportunity for self-realization, for revealing his moral potential in actions and relationships with other people. One of the most important principles of the modern moral culture of the individual is the "golden rule" of morality: "Act towards others as you would like them to act towards you."

This principle can be illustrated with a practical example. Once, Andrey, seeing a stalled car and a dejected driver on the side of the road, stopped and helped to deal with the problem. After some time, Andrei went to the dentist and was very surprised to learn that his doctor turned out to be the person he helped. In gratitude, he received a large discount on treatment.

Another example is the cruel attitude of parents to a child in dysfunctional families. Instead of the gratitude expected in normal families from him in the future, they will receive only negativity and hostility from the child.

In conclusion, I would like to say that a person should not put himself in an exceptional position, in comparison with others, thereby establishing equality between people. Only with the desire to comply with ethical principles by each person, it will be possible to talk about raising the general level of moral culture in modern society.

Morals deteriorate more easily than they are corrected...

This aphorism of L. Vauvenargue led me to think about the morals of youth. The nature of each person is individual. Someone has a quiet disposition, someone has a cool one, the list is endless. The formation of character, first of all, depends on the upbringing of a person, on the environment in which he rotates, lives, studies, works. All this plays an important role in the development of moral qualities. It is especially important to note that religion is very necessary on the path to morality. Religion provides solid foundations, beliefs, inspires confidence and calmness in a person. But one should not think that the one who follows this path is always pure and blameless. Of course, we are all people and have our weaknesses, which sometimes pull us to commit bad deeds. In my opinion, the main thing is your faith and conviction inside you, in your heart, and not in appearance, and not in big words. It is always easy to say, but it is not so easy to carry out the plan. The appearance of a person is deceptive, as they say "they are met by clothes, they are escorted by the mind." It is quite easy to go bad, to become worse, especially now, in our time, although time is always the same and also inexorable. Let's say we meet a person who immediately attracts attention with his beautiful features. His smile is charming, his eyes are penetrating, he behaves with dignity and respect. He has a charm that delights others, but this is only "dust in the eye", because behind the outer shell lies not what we see or hope to see. Our first thoughts about him are the best and most wonderful, we want to talk with him, communicate, find out his interests, life, we want to win him over, like him. And what happens next? We get to know him in more detail, and gradually the true traits of his character are revealed. Most of the time, we are disappointed. Why? And everything is very simple, all this is a life balance, which is regulated in nature, in man, by the fact that when you receive, you must definitely donate something, give something away. Of course, maybe everything is very primitively explained, but still it is the law of life. To put it even more simply, having a pleasant appearance, a person, as a rule, has an unpleasant disposition and vice versa. Of course, there are always exceptions, but they are rare. And the main question is, why do morals deteriorate? In each historical period there were mores characteristic of their era. Life itself is complex and contradictory, it is filled with difficulties and deprivations that constantly arise in front of us as a string of obstacles. The art of living also needs to be learned, sometimes one must not pay attention to sharp remarks and insults, pass them by with “closed eyes”. D. Santayaka said: “Life is not a spectacle or a holiday; life is hard work." It is really difficult to live, this is a huge test for all people on Earth. Morals deteriorate from the fact that some people do not know the truth, have not found the meaning of their existence, they aimlessly rush around the world, looking for their happiness and peace, but in vain. They try this, they do that, they have fun, they indulge in sweet pleasures, they waste themselves on insignificant things, on people not worthy of attention. They long for love, they are ready to give themselves to this feeling. They try to learn the price of friendship, not realizing that true friendship cannot be bought and must be earned. They think that money is a consolation when you are left all alone, completely alone, without friends and relatives, even without enemies. They believe in the limitless possibilities of money, in the fact that everything in this world can be bought for them. As a result, having squandered themselves, having lost human values, they are left with a "broken trough" of morality, which they did not appreciate. You just had to look around and understand that morality is the basis of religion, rather, its constituent part, without which it is impossible to improve oneself and understand one's true destiny in this mortal world. The goal of worshiping Allah alone, the pursuit of His kindness and mercy, the struggle with problems, the persistent experience of all adversity, with hope in His forgiveness - this is the main task of every Muslim. But this does not mean that, while worshiping Allah, a person forgets about his close people and relatives and that someone else needs him here. In everything you need to find a golden mean and stick to it. And yet remember that "Life is beautiful, no matter how difficult and disgusting it may be."

War3 Revolution - a barbaric way to progress

One cannot but agree with the statement of the French socialist, historian and politician of the first half of the 20th century, Jean Jaurès, in which he claims that barbarism is the hallmark of revolution. It is true, because the revolution is one of the ways of progress, moving forward towards better and more complex forms of social organization. But since in the process of revolution there is a change in social foundations, the existing system breaks down, all or most aspects of social life are remade, and all this happens in a relatively short time period, then, of course, this form of progress cannot do without violence and victims.

Recalling our history, it can be noted that in 1917 revolutions took place in Russia, which entailed the most severe confrontation in society and the country, which resulted in a terrible Civil War, accompanied by unprecedented bitterness, millions of dead and injured, hitherto unprecedented devastation in the national economy.

And in France, not everything went smoothly. The Great French Revolution brought the revelry of the Jacobin terror, the guillotine, "working" seven days a week, and a series of incessant revolutionary wars.

If we remember the English bourgeois revolution, we will also see a civil war, repressions against dissidents.

And when we look at the history of the United States, we will see that both bourgeois revolutions that took place in this country took the form of war: first - the war for independence, and then - the Civil War. The list of examples from history can go on and on, but wherever there is a revolution - in China, in Iran, in the Netherlands, etc. - everywhere it was accompanied by violence, i.e. barbarism from the standpoint of a civilized person.

And even if other thinkers exalted the revolution (as, for example, Karl Marx, who argued that revolutions are the locomotives of history), even if reactionaries and conservatives denied the role of revolutions in social progress, the point of view of J. Jaurès is closer to me: yes, revolution is a way of progress, a movement for the better, but carried out by barbaric methods, that is, with the use of cruelty, blood and violence. Violence cannot create happiness!

"There are many ways to make a career, but the surest of them is to be born in the right family" D. Trump.

We are all born and grow up in different conditions. From a material point of view, they depend primarily on the social status of our parents. The division of these conditions into "more prosperous" and "less prosperous" requires a criterion. We will set it as “achieving professional heights in any business” and we will develop further reasoning in this context.

Society, from a sociological point of view, is a multi-level hierarchical system, the structural component of which is strata that unite certain groups of people depending on their social status. It is important to note that society is a dynamic system. It provides people with the opportunity to exercise horizontal and vertical mobility between strata. But do people, originally at different levels of stratification, have equal access to the upper layers of this system?

The phrase “there are many ways to make a career, but the surest of them is to be born in the right family”, which belongs to Mr. D. Trump, suggests that Trump himself believes that children who grew up in families with high material wealth are much more likely to "a place in the sun" than their peers from "ordinary" families. And reality leaves me absolutely no chance to disagree with him. In the modern world, high material wealth determines the concentration in the hands of such important resources as power and connections, which generate the most important resource - opportunities. Opportunities allow people to meet their needs. And the more this resource, the greater the scale of needs it is able to satisfy, the more feasible it makes the goals set. Russian show business can serve as an excellent example here. I am sure that it will not be news to anyone that most of the famous young singers, presenters, actors have influential parents behind them. This is Ksenia Sobchak, the daughter of the ex-mayor of St. Petersburg, and Timur Yunusov, the son of a major Moscow businessman, and many others.

However, one should not forget about the existence of institutions in society that are a kind of vertical mobility elevators. I would like to mention, perhaps, the most important of them - higher education. Being open to the public, the institution of higher education allows people from all walks of life to climb up the social ladder. And in order for this elevator to open, it is enough for them to have the resources inherent in every “ordinary” person. Responsibility, will, diligence - this is a real weapon in the hands of a person who realizes that he will have to achieve everything in this life himself, that his future well-being is in his hands, and not on his parents' bank account. There are many examples of such, as they say on television, “happy stories”. But the biography of the ex-Minister of Economic Development and Trade of Russia German Gref is truly inspiring. Growing up in a family of German refugees, he successfully graduated from Omsk State University and, having nothing behind him, began his difficult career path. As a result, Graf achieved great heights and now holds the post of chairman of the board of Sberbank.

So, having completed the discussion on the topic of this endlessly topical problem, I came to the conclusion that “being born in the “right” family” certainly makes it easier for a person to achieve many goals. But this path is by no means the only one. The fastest, yes; the easiest, probably. But not the only one.

Essay on the topic "Law is the art of goodness and justice"

I agree with the statement that law is the art of goodness and justice. Indeed, a correct understanding of law gives us both justice in all ongoing events that relate to the rule of law, as well as goodness in relation to people around us and to the state in the first place. After all, it is discontent from legal relations, from injustice in society that conflicts arise on social grounds. Firstly, law regulates the relationship of people among themselves, secondly, the relationship of any given subject to the state, and thirdly, it is the norms of law that give people as such freedom in society. There is no need to look far for an example, a recent example from the current social and legal relations is the elections to the State Duma, because it is precisely this example that shows that the people considered their rights infringed in society, accepted the attitude of the state towards themselves as unfair and, accordingly, not so already kind.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that it is the law that regulates relationships in society and indicates to people who lived in a particular state to justice and kindness, both to themselves and to others, and first of all to the state.

The author of this judgment raised the problem of the significance of certain differences in social stratification. This problem does not lose its relevance even today, because. social stratification is a phenomenon characteristic of society at all historical stages of its development.

According to E. Bergel, social stratification is associated with specific differences between people. Not every distinguishing feature of a person allows us to say that he belongs to one or another social stratum.

I agree with the position of the author of the statement. In my opinion, there are a number of essential features that determine the place of the individual in the system of social stratification of society. In order to understand what these signs are, it is necessary to consider the causes of social stratification.

At the root of social stratification is social differentiation, i.e. division of society into social groups occupying different positions in it. Social stratification is a special case of social differentiation generated by inequality. But not every inequality is capable of giving rise to social stratification, not every difference allows a person to be attributed to one or another stratum. For example, physiological differences do not allow this. A person with blue eyes can probably be considered more attractive; a physically developed person can command more respect than a physically weak person; people may have different nationalities, speak different languages, prefer different foods, but such differences do not affect a person's position in society. From the point of view of social stratification, inequality manifests itself in such criteria as power, prestige, income, and education. People who are very different in terms of physiology, psychology, etc., but similar in terms of access to power, prestige, income or education, belong to the same stratum.

An example is the stratum of politicians. People belonging to this stratum live in all countries of the world. They belong to different nationalities, have different skin colors, speak different languages ​​and honor different traditions. From a psychological point of view, among them there are quick-tempered and calm people, optimists and pessimists, etc. It is impossible to enumerate all the differences that exist between the representatives of this stratum - there are a lot of them. But there are also a number of features that unite politicians around the world. This is direct access to power, a high level of prestige and a fairly high income. It is on these grounds that the stratum of politicians stands out. The level of education of politicians is different, so this principle does not play such a significant role. Another stratum is university professors. They have the same rich complex of differences as politicians. The level of prestige and income of professors may vary in different countries, so each state has its own peculiarities of distinguishing this stratum. But the most important common feature is a high level of education and direct participation in its implementation. Professors of all nationalities, all skin colors, tastes, preferences, etc. are the intellectual elite of their country.

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;font-family:"Arial"">1 option.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ecffe1">Essay;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">
;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ecffe1">You can only become human when;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">
;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ecffe1">learn to see a person in another;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">

;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ecffe1">A.N. Radishchev;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">

;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ecffe1">In my opinion, it is very difficult to evaluate yourself from the outside - especially to do it objectively. Agree, it is much easier to criticize other people, thereby undermining them authority and causing mutual disrespect. Sometimes we do it completely unconsciously, as if to assert ourselves, and sometimes for no reason at all. If you humiliate a person, you humiliate, first of all, yourself. Namely, in humanity. You are still a person , but to a lesser extent.;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">
;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ecffe1">Unfortunately, there is no magic wand to change the world and people. In every person, we must see, first of all, a person, no matter what he is He is just different, and you need to learn to respect this other person with his individual characteristics and qualities.;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">
;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ecffe1">We conclude that before "slinging mud at a person", one should remember his good deeds and appreciate them. It is useful to remember that all people have shortcomings.And we are no exception - each of us.And also treat other people the way you want them to treat you.;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">
;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ecffe1">Radishchev sees the existence of a person in the vision of a person in another. It seems to me that only then will you become a person when you learn to treat everyone like a human

;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ffffff">"Nature creates man, but develops and forms his society";font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">
;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ffffff">(V. Belinsky);font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">
;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ffffff">This statement is a confirmation of the biosocial concept of the origin of man, which is based on the following main provisions:;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">
;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ffffff">- man is a biological being, i.e. created by nature. This is manifested in human anatomy, physiology, in the flow of neuro-cerebral, electrical, chemical and other processes in the human body.Man has biological needs, like any animal he has the instinct of self-preservation,;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">
;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ffffff">- a person is a social being. In other words, a person becomes a fully human only in unity with other people, because the level of individual development occurs together with the level of social development, therefore, they are closely related to each other: the richer the individual, the more complex the society.Therefore, the emergence of man and his individual development led to the emergence of society.;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">
;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ffffff">The decisive factor in the transformation of an ancient human ancestor into a social being is labor activity, which interacts with factors such as language, consciousness, morality, ritual practice, etc. And these factors of human development are possible only in society.;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000">
;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ffffff">Society mediates man's relation to nature, and therefore a being born by man becomes truly man only when he is included in social relations.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ffffff">2 option.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#222222;background:#dee9f2">;font-family:"Arial";color:#222222">

;font-family:"Arial";color:#222222;background:#dee9f2">3rd option.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#333333">Revolution is a fundamental change in the life of society, leading to a change from the old order to the new one.
Revolutions never fit into the fabric of history. They tore and reshaped the course of history. Based on violence, all known revolutions carried their own death, doomed peoples to civil wars, broke the fate of people. The Paris Commune kept its conquests for 72 days, the Great French Revolution for 5 years, the October Revolution in Russia for 72 years. And every time society returned to its own circle, to the stage that was forcibly interrupted by the revolution. Fading away, revolutions leave a mark. The more humane and just were the ideals of the revolution, the brighter this trace. All known revolutions have given mankind a lesson in the inadmissibility of achieving social progress through violence. Let us recall the bloody invention of the times of the Great French Revolution by Dr. Guillaume - the guillotine. Ultimately, the guillotine took the lives of the most violent Jacobin revolutionaries.
If in the old days of despotism and autocracy revolutions were forced forms of protest, now, in the era of the triumph of the ideas of democracy, the evolutionary path of development of society is preferable.
I am sure that evolution (slowed down or accelerated), depending on the circumstances, constitutes the "natural course of the movement of mankind" (according to Smirnov).
I agree with the opinion of the French historian Jean Jaurès that revolution is a barbaric way of progress.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#333333">4 option.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#222222;background:#dee9f2">Morals deteriorate more easily than they are corrected... This aphorism by L. Vauvenargue led me to think about the morals of youth. The temper of each person is individual. then a quiet disposition, someone has a cool one, you can enumerate endlessly.The formation of character, first of all, depends on the upbringing of a person, on the environment in which he rotates, lives, studies, works.All this plays an important role in the process of developing moral qualities. It is especially important to note that religion is very necessary on the path to morality.Religion provides solid foundations, convictions, instills confidence and calmness in a person.But one should not think that one who follows this path is always pure and blameless.Of course, we all people and we have our weaknesses, which sometimes pull us to commit bad deeds.In my opinion, the main thing is your faith and conviction inside you, in your heart, and not in appearance, and not in loud words.It is always easy to speak, but to carry out not as intended simply. The appearance of a person is deceptive, as they say "they are met by clothes, they are escorted by the mind." It is quite easy to go bad, to become worse, especially now, in our time, although time is always the same and also inexorable. Let's say we meet a person who immediately attracts attention with his beautiful features. His smile is charming, his eyes are penetrating, he behaves with dignity and respect. He has a charm that delights others, but this is only "dust in the eye", because behind the outer shell lies not what we see or hope to see. Our first thoughts about him are the best and most wonderful, we want to talk with him, communicate, find out his interests, life, we want to win him over, like him. And what happens next? We get to know him in more detail, and gradually the true traits of his character are revealed. Most of the time, we are disappointed. Why? And everything is very simple, all this is the balance of life, which is regulated in nature, in man, by the fact that when you receive, you must definitely sacrifice something, give something away. Of course, maybe everything is very primitively explained, but still it is the law of life. To put it even more simply, having a pleasant appearance, a person, as a rule, has an unpleasant disposition and vice versa. Of course, there are always exceptions, but they are rare. And the main question is, why do morals deteriorate? In each historical period there were mores characteristic of their era. Life itself is complex and contradictory, it is filled with difficulties and deprivations that constantly arise in front of us as a string of obstacles. The art of living also needs to be learned, sometimes one must not pay attention to sharp remarks and insults, pass them by with “closed eyes”. D. Santayaka said: “Life is not a spectacle or a celebration; life is hard work." It is really difficult to live, this is a huge test for all people on Earth. Morals deteriorate from the fact that some people do not know the truth, have not found the meaning of their existence, they aimlessly rush around the world, looking for their happiness and peace, but in vain. They try this, they do that, they have fun, they indulge in sweet pleasures, they waste themselves on insignificant things, on people not worthy of attention. They long for love, they are ready to give themselves to this feeling. They try to learn the price of friendship, not realizing that true friendship cannot be bought and must be earned. They think that money is a consolation when you are left all alone, completely alone, without friends and relatives, even without enemies. They believe in the limitless possibilities of money, in the fact that everything in this world can be bought for them. As a result, having squandered themselves, having lost human values, they are left with a "broken trough" of morality, which they did not appreciate. You just had to look around and understand that morality is the basis of religion, rather, its constituent part, without which it is impossible to improve oneself and understand one's true destiny in this mortal world. The goal of worshiping Allah alone, the pursuit of His kindness and mercy, the struggle with problems, the persistent experience of all adversity, with hope in His forgiveness - this is the main task of every Muslim. But this does not mean that, while worshiping Allah, a person forgets about his close people and relatives and that someone else needs him here. In everything you need to find a golden mean and stick to it. And yet remember that "Life is beautiful, no matter how difficult and disgusting it may be.";font-family:"Arial";color:#222222">

;font-family:"Arial";color:#000000;background:#ecffe1">5 option.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#333333">There are many ways to make a career, but the surest of them is to be born in the right family" D. Trump.
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We are all born and grow up in different conditions. From a material point of view, they depend primarily on the social status of our parents. The division of these conditions into "more prosperous" and "less prosperous" requires a criterion. We will set it as “achieving professional heights in any business” and we will develop further reasoning in this context.

Society, from a sociological point of view, is a multi-level hierarchical system, the structural component of which is strata that unite certain groups of people depending on their social status. It is important to note that society is a dynamic system. It provides people with the opportunity to exercise horizontal and vertical mobility between strata. But do people, originally at different levels of stratification, have equal access to the upper layers of this system?

The phrase “there are many ways to make a career, but the surest of them is to be born in the right family”, which belongs to Mr. D. Trump, suggests that Trump himself believes that children who grew up in families with high material wealth are much more likely to "a place in the sun" than their peers from "ordinary" families. And reality leaves me absolutely no chance to disagree with him. In the modern world, high material wealth determines the concentration in the hands of such important resources as power and connections, which generate the most important resource - opportunities. Opportunities allow people to meet their needs. And the more this resource, the greater the scale of needs it is able to satisfy, the more feasible it makes the goals set. Russian show business can serve as an excellent example here. I am sure that it will not be news to anyone that most of the famous young singers, presenters, actors have influential parents behind them. This is Ksenia Sobchak, the daughter of the ex-mayor of St. Petersburg, and Timur Yunusov, the son of a major Moscow businessman, and many others.

However, one should not forget about the existence of institutions in society that are a kind of vertical mobility elevators. I would like to mention, perhaps, the most important of them - higher education. Being open to the public, the institution of higher education allows people from all walks of life to climb up the social ladder. And in order for this elevator to open, it is enough for them to have the resources inherent in every “ordinary” person. Responsibility, will, diligence - this is a real weapon in the hands of a person who realizes that he will have to achieve everything in this life himself, that his future well-being is in his hands, and not on his parents' bank account. There are many examples of such, as they say on television, “happy stories”. But the biography of the ex-Minister of Economic Development and Trade of Russia German Gref is truly inspiring. Growing up in a family of German refugees, he successfully graduated from Omsk State University and, having nothing behind him, began his difficult career path. As a result, Gref achieved great heights and now holds the post of chairman of the board of Sberbank.

So, having completed the discussion on the topic of this endlessly topical problem, I came to the conclusion that “being born in the “right” family” certainly makes it easier for a person to achieve many goals. But this path is by no means the only one. The fastest, yes; the easiest, probably. But not the only one.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#333333">6 option.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#444444">"Law is the art of goodness and justice"

;font-family:"Arial";color:#444444">Ancient aphorism

;font-family:"Arial";color:#444444"> Law is a great social value, like morality. These inseparable concepts determine the degree of freedom of our behavior. The state sets as its main task the protection of the rights and freedoms of a person, his life. Behind every a person recognizes personal integrity, independence, freedom, the ability to independently decide what is more beneficial for him.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#444444"> In addition to rights, people have responsibilities. Able-bodied children who have reached the age of 18 must take care of disabled parents (Article 38). But more often it happens that infirm parents: the elderly, the disabled - become unnecessary for their children. They end up in nursing homes or live on their own, sometimes even without the ability to move and serve themselves independently. Because of love, parents do not sue such children, whose humanity the state calls for. I think that the law will be observed when people begin to understand its necessity.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#444444"> Information is now spreading at an incredible speed. Television, the press, the Internet bring us all the latest news about events in the world, but more often they disseminate personal information about public people. This humiliates and offends their dignity (Article 28).Unfortunately, criminals who invade privacy are difficult to punish.We must always remember the golden rule of morality: "Treat others as you treat yourself"because any of us can get into a similar situation.

;font-family:"Arial";color:#444444"> In our time of the latest technology, it would seem that problems such as slavery should have remained a relic of the colonial system, but even now there is forced labor. People are sold abroad, forced to work in intolerable conditions degrading human dignity (Article 37).

;font-family:"Arial";color:#444444"> The ancient Roman expression says: "Law is the art of goodness and justice" and I completely agree with this, because justice and goodness are concepts that complement each other, and more often are synonymous Law, combining these concepts, preserves the historically established state unity, in which love, faith in goodness and the memory of ancestors are the moral foundations of society.

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;font-family:"Arial"">7 option.

;font-family:"Arial";text-decoration:underline">"Not all differences between people create stratification" (E. Bergel).

;font-family:"Arial""> The author of this judgment raised the problem of the significance of certain differences in social stratification. This problem does not lose its relevance today, because social stratification is a phenomenon characteristic of society at all historical stages of its development.

;font-family:"Arial""> According to E. Bergel, social stratification is associated with specific differences between people. Not every distinguishing feature of a person allows us to say that he belongs to a particular social stratum.

;font-family:"Arial""> I agree with the position of the author of the statement. In my opinion, there are a number of essential features that determine the place of the individual in the system of social stratification of society. In order to understand what these features are, it is necessary to consider the reasons social stratification.

;font-family:"Arial""> The root of social stratification is social differentiation, i.e. the division of society into social groups occupying different positions in it. Social stratification is a special case of social differentiation generated by inequality. But not every inequality is capable of to give rise to social stratification, not every difference allows a person to be assigned to one or another stratum.For example, physiological differences do not allow this.A person with blue eyes can probably be considered more attractive, a physically developed person can command more respect than a physically weak person; people may have different nationalities, speak different languages, prefer different foods, but such differences do not affect the position of a person in society.From the point of view of social stratification, inequality manifests itself in such criteria as power, prestige, income, education.People, very strongly different in terms of physiology, psychology, etc., but similar data on access to power, prestige, income or education belong to the same stratum.

;font-family:"Arial""> An example is the stratum of politicians. People belonging to this stratum live in all countries of the world. They belong to different nationalities, have different skin colors, speak different languages ​​and honor different traditions From a psychological point of view, among them there are people who are quick-tempered and calm, optimists and pessimists, etc. It is impossible to enumerate all the differences between the representatives of this stratum - there are a lot of them. But there are a number of signs that unite politicians from all over the world. access to power, a high level of prestige and a fairly high income.It is on these grounds that the stratum of politicians stands out.The level of education of politicians is different, so this principle does not play such a significant role.Another stratum is university professors.They have the same rich set of differences the same as politicians.The level of prestige and income of professors may vary in different countries, therefore, each state has its own peculiarities of allocating e that stratum. But the most important common feature is a high level of education and direct participation in its implementation. Professors of all nationalities, all skin colors, tastes, preferences, etc. are the intellectual elite of their country.

;font-family:"Arial""> Thus, stratification is not based on all the differences between people. Power, income, prestige and education are its main criteria.

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Essay on the topic "Only then you become a man when you understand another person" A.N. Radishchev

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Essay on the topic "Only then you become a man when you understand another person" A.N. Radishchev

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Man is born as a biological being. For a biological being, only primary needs are important, such as the need for food, the need for housing, the need for clothing, except for this, he is not interested in anything. As a result of the process of socialization, a person becomes a person, i.e. biosocial being. A person begins to be interested not only in physiological (primary) needs, but also in spiritual, social and others. People have common interests, they begin to communicate with each other and unite in social groups. Social groups are associations of people who have common significant specific features based on their participation in some activity connected by a system of relations. Social groups form human society. Human society - a group of people connected to each other through permanent relationships, or a large social group with a common geographical or social territory.

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