What predicates can be. Predicate. The predicate is the main member of the sentence, connected with the subject and answering the questions: “what does the object (or person) do? Examples of the main part of the sentence

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Compound nominal predicate (CIS) consists of two parts:

a) ancillary part - bundle(verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (time and mood);
b) the main part - nominal part(name, adverb) expresses lexical meaning.

SIS \u003d link + nominal part

Examples: He was a doctor; He became a doctor; He was sick ; He was sick; He was wounded; He came first.

Types of linking verbs

Verb be can act as an independent simple verbal predicate in sentences with the meaning of being or having:

He had three sons; He had a lot of money.

Verbs become, become, become etc. can also be independent simple verbal predicates, but in a different meaning:

He ended up in the center of the city; He stood against the wall.

The most difficult to analyze are compound nominal predicates with a significant copula, because usually such verbs are independent predicates (cf.: He was sitting by the window). If the verb becomes a link, then its meaning is less important than the meaning of the name associated with the verb ( He sat tired; more important is that he was tired, not what is he sitting instead stood or lay).

For the combination "significant verb + name" to be a compound nominal predicate, the following conditions must be met:

the significant verb can be replaced by the grammatical connective be:

He sitting tired- He was tired; He born happy- He was happy; He came first- He was the first;

the link can be made null:

He sitting tired- He tired; He born happy- He happy; He came first- He first.

If the verb has dependent forms of the full adjective, participle, ordinal number (answers the question which?), then it is always a compound nominal predicate ( sat tired, left upset, came first). The parts of such a compound nominal predicate are not separated by commas!

Ways of expressing the nominal part

Note!

1) Even if the predicate consists of one word - a name or an adverb (with a zero link), it is always a compound nominal predicate;

2) short adjectives and participles are always part of a compound nominal predicate;

3) nominative and instrumental cases - the main case forms of the nominal part of the predicate;

The most typical mistakes when parsing a compound nominal predicate:

1. The short form of the adjective and especially the participle is taken as a verb, so the predicate is mistakenly considered a simple verb. In order not to be mistaken, put the predicate in the past tense: the suffix appears in the verb -l, and the short adjective or participle will have a bunch was ( was, was, were).

For example:
He's sick(PGS). - He was sick;
He is sick(SIS). - He was ill ;
City taken(SIS). - City He was taken .

2. A short neuter adjective (nominal part of the predicate) is confused with an adverb in -o. In order not to be mistaken, pay attention to the form of the subject:

if there is no subject (one-part sentence), then the nominal part of the predicate is an adverb.

Wed: The sea is calm;

if the subject is an infinitive, a feminine, masculine noun, a plural noun, then the nominal part of the predicate is an adverb:

Living is good; Life is good; Children are good ;

if the subject is a neuter noun, change the number of the subject or substitute another subject - a feminine or masculine noun: the form of the adverb will not change; the ending of the short adjective will change; you can also replace the short adjective with a full one.

Wed: The sea is calm(SIS; the nominal part is expressed by a short adjective). - The river is calm a; The sea is calm s; The sea is calm oh ).

3. The nominal part of the predicate, expressed by the full adjective, participle, ordinal number, is mistakenly parsed as a minor member - a definition. In order not to be mistaken, pay attention to the word from which the question is raised what? to the given name.

4. The nominal part of the predicate, expressed by a noun, a pronoun in the nominative case, is often confused with the subject. It is especially difficult to distinguish between the subject and the predicate if both members are expressed in the nominative case.

To distinguish between subject and predicate expressed in the nominative case, consider the following:

the subject usually precedes the verb:

Moscow is capital of Russia; The capital of Russia is Moscow.

However, in Russian, the predicate can also precede the subject.

Wed: Good man Ivan Ivanovich;

the demonstrative particle it stands or can be placed before the predicate:

note that in sentences like: This is good ; This is my brother - This is a subject expressed by a demonstrative pronoun in the nominative case;

the subject can only be expressed in the nominative case; the predicate has two main case forms - the nominative and instrumental cases. If you put in a sentence a bunch of be in the past tense ( was, was, was, were) or a bunch to be, then the form of the nominative case of the predicate will change to the form of the instrumental, and for the subject it will remain the same.

Wed: Moscow was the capital Russia; Moscow is the capital Russia; Ivan Ivanovich was a good person; Ivan Ivanovich is a good person.

Plan for parsing a compound nominal predicate

1. Specify the type of predicate.
2. Indicate how the nominal part is expressed, in what form the linking verb is.

Sample parsing

Life is good.

Good well expressed in an adverb; grammatical link be

I came first.

Came first- compound nominal predicate. Nominal part first expressed by the ordinal number in the nominative case; significant link came expressed by the verb in the past tense of the indicative mood.

This guy is of average height.

Medium height- compound nominal predicate. Nominal part medium height expressed as a whole phrase with the main word - a noun in the genitive case; grammatical link be- in zero form; zero connective indicates the present tense of the indicative mood.

The predicate is an integral part of almost any sentence. Regardless of how it is expressed and expressed in principle, it defines the subject. This member of the sentence can denote both an action and some sign of an object, answer various questions (from the banal and well-known "what did you do?" to the more difficult to perceive "what?"). All this shows that there are different ways of expressing the predicate. So what are they, and what affects the division of predicates into different types?

Ways of expression

As you know, the ways of expressing the subject and the predicate can be different. The first, for example, can be expressed:

• noun or pronoun ( Man / He appeared);
• infinitive ( Working hard is our duty);
• phraseologism (Augean stables - this is the most accurate definition of this room) etc.

The same can be said about the predicate. Limiting this member of the sentence to only a verb would be a huge mistake. It can be presented:

• noun ( Knowledge is power);
• numeral ( Three times five is fifteen);
• adjective, and even in comparative form ( Under it, a stream of lighter azure);
• and verbs in all their manifestations - in different moods and types, verbs in combination with particles, infinitives, and so on.

That is, in principle, it is already clear that the diversity here is colossal. The table below will help to better imagine the ways of expressing the predicate:

Simple verb predicate

Let's start with the first type. The simple verb predicate is probably the most common. It is expressed by verbs in any form, namely:

Simple verbal predicate - nuances

There are certain nuances here. Very often, the future tense of the indicative mood is not perceived as a simple verbal predicate - it also consists of two words. But this would be the same mistake as not considering PGS (this is how the name of this type of predicate is abbreviated) as a verb in combination with a particle.

Another controversial point is the distinction between a phraseological unit (although it would be more accurate to say here - a non-free phrase) and a compound nominal predicate. The former is easily replaced by a single verb ( We were ordered - We were ordered. Why did you hang your head? - What are you sad?), whereas with a compound nominal predicate such a trick will not work, the only thing is that you can replace the linking verb with the word "was" ( He sat sad - He was sad).

Compound verb predicate

Let's move on to the next type of predicate - the compound verb. Here everything is as simple as in a simple one - there is an auxiliary verb, and the infinitive adjoins it ( He wanted to study). The only nuance in this case is the clear selection of this very auxiliary verb, because it can be represented not only by him:

1. Phrasal verbs of beginning and end of action ( Stopped bickering / Started acting)
2. Modal verbs of intention, ability, will, desire ( We were going to visit. I can run. I wish to be free. I want to run away)
3. Emotion verbs (Afraid of falling in love. Hates to lie)
4. Some impersonal verbs Worth noticing. Should think)
5. Short adjectives, the full form of which is either completely absent or has a different meaning ( Glad to meet you. Feel free to invent. We are free to choose)
6. Some nouns ( Master of lies. Walker)
7. Can and can't You can note. Can't be recognized b)
8. Phraseologism ( Burning with a desire to come)

Ways of expressing the predicate with examples is the best way to understand this albeit not very confusing, but still voluminous topic. The main thing in a compound nominal predicate is to understand the mechanism of its formation. This is a verb (or something that replaces it) plus an infinitive. Believe this formula - and you will succeed.

Compound nominal predicate

We continue to study ways of expressing the predicate with a compound nominal predicate - the most unloved among schoolchildren. Such unpopularity is due to the fact that sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish it from a simple verbal predicate. But first things first.

verb link

A compound nominal predicate includes two parts - a verb copula and a nominal part. Separately, it should be noted that if we are talking about the present tense, then the verb connective can be omitted ( He is beautiful). The verb copula is most often represented:

Yes, sometimes it is very difficult to single out an independent predicate with secondary members. A short test "Ways of Expressing the Predicate" will help us at least a little deal with this difficult topic.

1. What's the point of wandering around here! - It is pointless to wander through the parks.
2. Lying motionless on a hill. - How long can you stay here?
3. He could live as an ascetic, desiring nothing. - And how are you going to live here?

These sentences present different ways of expressing the predicate, try to figure out what types of predicate are presented in each sentence.

Nominal part

We continue the topic "Compound Nominal Predicate" by studying its nominal part. It can be expressed:

1. noun ( Was an actress)
2. The name of an adjective in all its forms - short and full, degrees of comparison ( We are very glad to see you. Voice perfect).
3. Communion in all its forms - also short and full and still passive and real (K nigga read. young man reading)
4. Pronoun ( The sky is yours)
5. A numeral name and any combination with numbers (Seven five - thirty-five. The height of the building is two hundred meters)
6. adverb ( I'm a little like her)
7. Interjection ( Your thoughts are on guard!)
8. Phraseologism and non-free phrase ( His soul is a secret for me with seven seals.)

As you can see, the ways of expressing the predicate differ enormously - if there is really nothing to remember in a simple verb, then you will have to tinker with the compound nominal. But with the right will, everything will be fine.

Conclusion

Ways of expressing the subject and predicate is the topic of long and detailed scientific lectures. The most important thing in all this is to realize that the main members of the sentence are expressed can be different parts of speech, sometimes not even single ones, that they can have different types and sometimes at first glance it is very, very difficult to understand what is in front of you. The only teacher here is practice, and besides this, it will help to understand the ways of expressing the predicate of the table, which can be constantly supplemented with examples.

The predicate is one of the main members of the sentence, consistent with the subject (in number, gender, person) and answering the questions: “what does the subject do?”, “What is it?”, “Who is it?”, “What is it?” "What's happening to him?"

Syntax in Russian provides ample opportunities for making sentences. The predicate can be a verb, an adverb, an adjective, and even a noun.

verb predicate

Most often, the predicate can be expressed by a verb. At the same time, a simple verbal predicate, a verbal predicate and a compound nominal predicate are distinguished. Simple verb predicates include:
- verbs in the imperative, indicative or subjunctive mood (for example: “Don't touch the toy!”, “It's raining”, “I would like to take a walk with friends”);
- phraseological turns based on verbs (“He lost his temper”);
- phrases of two verbs of the same form, the first of which denotes the action, the second - the purpose of the action ("I'll go, is everything all right").

A compound verbal predicate is a phrase whose grammatical and lexical meaning is expressed in different words: an auxiliary and a main verb, the latter being used in the form and carrying the lexical meaning of the predicate (“I wanted to talk about you”). A compound verb predicate can be complicated if it consists of several auxiliary words (“He decided to stop being angry”).

A compound nominal predicate is expressed by a phrase from a linking verb and a nominal part. A linking verb can be:
- the verb “to be”, deprived in this case of its lexical meaning “to exist”, “to be available” (“She was a student”);
- semi-significant verbs “to appear”, “to appear”, “to be”, “to be”, “to become”, “to become”, “to be known”, “to be considered” and some others (“He is her hero”);
- full-valued verbs expressing action, movement, state (“Children came to the guests already grubby”).

Other parts of speech, as a predicate

The predicate can only be expressed by an adverb, without using a copula, in the event that the sentence does not need to specify the time of the action taking place (“It's just monstrous!” Compare: “It was monstrous!”).

A short adjective is often used as a predicate in colloquial and artistic styles ("Our grandfather is not yet old at heart"). Using this technique allows you to vary the composition of the sentence, improve the readability of the text.

The noun becomes a predicate in qualifying sentences and is often separated from the subject by a dash. For example: "My mother is a cook", "The book is a storehouse of wisdom."

Also, sometimes the numeral (“Twice three - six”) also acts as a predicate.

2. In order to correctly identify the predicate in a sentence, one must remember that

The predicate depends on the subject and answers questions what does the subject do? what is the subject? what happens to him? who is the subject? what is an object?

- predicates are simple and composite.

- phraseological unit: He I took part in conference(=participated).

Note:

- A simple verbal predicate is most often expressed in one word (verb), but may consist of two words if the verb is used in the form of a future compound tense ( will read) or in the form of an imperative mood (let them read).

- Common mistakes should be avoided when isolating a simple verbal predicate:

often students forget to include in the composition of the predicate particles LET, GIVE, BE, forming the forms of the imperative and conditional (subjunctive) mood: May the sun always shine(Predicate LET SHINE.) Let's talk about it tomorrow. (Predicate LET'S TALK.) I wouldn't go.(The predicate WOULD NOT GO.)

mistakenly include secondary members in the predicate: seeds ripen in fruits.(In this sentence, it is impossible to single out a combination of words as a predicate "ripe in fruit" as "in fruits" - circumstance of place.)

2) Compound verb predicate:

- auxiliary verb + infinitive: He started talking excitedly.

A) beginning, end or continuation + infinitive: He started coughing. She is keeps laughing. We finished doing an exercise. I stopped running in the morning.

B) auxiliary verb with meaning tendencies, habits+ infinitive: I want lot travel. You could speak not so loud? We we try well to study. She is seeks lot train.

b)auxiliary verb with meaning thoughts, feelings+ infinitive: He afraid to be late for the exam. We we don't like lot travel. They are thought to come in time.

- short adjective (HAPPY, READY, MUST, OBLIGATE, CAPABLE, INTEND, AGREE, HAVE TO) + infinitive: I happy to visit at the conference. We ready to be on duty in the dining room. She is agree to leave for him married. They are you need to live far from home. You should immediately leave.

- NECESSARY, NECESSARY, NECESSARY + infinitive: Gotta wash hands before eating. to me need urgently leave. To you must pass work by the deadline. rules You don't need to learn, just practice.

Note:Common mistakes should be avoided when isolating a compound verb predicate:

- often students incorrectly define the boundaries of the compound verbal predicate and instead of the entire predicate, emphasize only one part of it: They will start preparing for the competition.(In this sentence, only one word cannot be singled out as a predicate "begin" since it does not name the main action that the subject performs "they", but only indicates the phase of its flow (beginning of execution). The predicate will be a combination of words "begin to prepare": auxiliary "begin" expresses grammatical meaning (indicates that the action will take place soon), and the infinitive "prepare" - lexical, that is, directly names the action.)

- the infinitive is not included in the predicate, but is a minor member, if

A)the infinitive and the auxiliary verb denote the actions of different persons: Everyone asked her to sing something.(Subject "they" performs only the action named by the verb "asked"(everyone asked, but she should sing). Infinitive "sing" in this case will be addition.)

The infinitive-complement depends on predicates with a specific meaning - the meaning of the will: ask, order, persuade, beg: pleads about what? come to visit; proposed what? go to the disco.

1) simple verb the predicate can be expressed:

- verb in the form of the indicative, imperative or conditional mood: She is sings. She is will sing. She is sing. Let be she is sing! Come on, sing! I would sing you.

- infinitive: Live - Motherland serve. How the music will play, little boy right away dance.

B) the infinitive depends on the verb of motion: He came to find out information about the upcoming transfer exams.(Infinitive "discover", used with the verb of motion "came" is a condition of the goal.

to the infinitive, you can ask the question WHAT? The desire to wander attacked him. (Hunting(which?) wander. Before us is the infinitive in the role of an inconsistent definition.)

So, the infinitive in a sentence can be part of a compound verbal predicate, or it can act as a secondary member of the sentence. To determine the syntactic role of the infinitive, it is necessary to ask a semantic question to it. If this can be done, we have before us - a secondary member of the sentence (circumstance, addition, definition), if not - part of the compound verb predicate.

3) Compound noun predicate

Linking verb + nominal part (noun, adjective, numeral, pronoun, participle, adverb): Taskturned out to be difficult.My dad -doctor.

The linking verb expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate.

The nominal part expresses the lexical meaning of the predicate.

2. linking verb TO BE in the form of one of the moods (WAS, WILL BE, WOULD BE, LET WILL BE) + nominal part: Let will be kind you have a mind and a heart will be smart.

Note:in the present tense, the linking verb BE appears in the zero form: He student. He was a student. He will soon will be a student.

B) Linking verb TO BE, TO APPEAR, TO BECOME, TO BECOME, TO BE, TO STAY, TO BE, TO BE RECOGNIZED, TO LOOK + nominal part: The plot of the novelturned out to be original.She isis the mistressthis machine. On the streetit gets cold.His character has also changed.became heavy and irritable.

3. linking verb with meaning movement, position in space+ nominal part: Autumncame rainy.Heleft reassured.

Ways of expressing the nominal part

Note:Common mistakes should be avoided when highlighting a compound nominal predicate: often students incorrectly define the boundaries of a compound nominal predicate and instead of the entire predicate, emphasize only one part of it: Comedy plotturned out to be original.

In this sentence, only one word cannot be singled out as a predicate. "turned out" since it does not give an exhaustive description of the subject "plot". It is important that the plot was new, unusual. The predicate will be a combination of words "turned out to be original": linking verb "turned out" expresses a grammatical meaning (indicates that the event was in the past), and the adjective "original" - lexical, that is, directly characterizes the subject.