Ventilated roof on a flat roof. The device of flat roofs of various types. Ventilation of a roof from a soft tile

Constant and high-quality air exchange under the roof is a guarantee of a long service life of both the roof itself and the entire building. The comfort of the people living in the house also depends on ventilation, since it plays a key role in shaping the microclimate.

Peculiarities

Soft roof ventilation is not an independent process. On the contrary, the presence or absence of ventilation in the premises directly affects the exchange of air in the roof. For effective removal of destructive moisture from residential premises through the roof, it is necessary to analyze the ventilation of all elements of the house as a holistic process.

If the roof configuration is complex, has many transitions, valleys, the exhaust air removal process must be divided into sections and the air flows in the roof should be organized separately.

As a result of good ventilation, the air in the space under the roof should be replaced approximately 2 times per hour.

The performance of a ventilated roof depends on the slope of the slopes. The steeper they are, the more intensive the ventilation process is.

And, on the contrary, in roofs with a slope of less than 20%, the ventilation of the under-roof space is unstable and is effective only under wind pressure.

A useful addition is the construction of auxiliary exhaust components (aerators) on the roof, which enhance the natural ventilation of the roof. They should be arranged on roofs of complex configuration, when ordinary funds are no longer enough.

Aerators are mounted near the ridge. In a two-layer welded-on roofing, the aerators are mounted on the bottom layer of the material.

The thermal characteristics of the insulation and the strength resource of roof structures directly depend on the presence of moisture in them. As a result, a ventilated roof and a room ventilation device are economically viable, even when forced air exchange is to be installed.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main purpose of the ventilation system is to ensure the passage of atmospheric air, which contributes to the extraction of heated air from under the roof covering. The exhaust air provides attic ventilation.

If under-roof ventilation is performed correctly, then such air flow passes naturally and there is no need to use additional mechanical equipment.

Aerators are available in different diameters and heights. Their size and number are selected depending on the area of the roof of flexible tiles.

The presence of a ventilated space under the roof has the following advantages:

consistently cool and dry condition of the attic;
outside air from the attic is able to leave naturally;
load-bearing components of the roof, coatings and thermal insulation layer are not exposed to high humidity;
lack of conditions for the formation of mold and rot, prevention of damage to the finishing materials of the roof;
reducing the cost of electricity.

Experts have found that when using soft coatings, the main disadvantage is the accumulation of excess moisture in the screed and thermal insulation.

The increased humidity of these layers of the roof provokes a number of negative consequences, such as:

Bloating roofing, resulting from its heating in the summer due to the delamination of bitumen-polymer materials under the influence of high temperature.
Increasing thermal conductivity causes moisture accumulated under the waterproofing material, which worsens the thermal properties. It has been theoretically proven that with an increase in moisture content by 1-2%, an increase in the heat-conducting properties of the material by 30-40% occurs. This leads to an increase in the cost of heating the object. Along with heat loss, oversaturation of roof layers with moisture can lead to the formation of mold.

Destruction of the waterproofing layer and screeds are provoked by the penetration of moisture into the material. After the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere decreases, the moisture absorbed into the material crystallizes and its volume grows. This process entails the appearance of microcracks and the destruction of the screed. Similar negative processes occur in the waterproofing layer, destroying its integrity.

Varieties

Roof aerators come in a variety of designs and sizes. They are used to ventilate the space under the roof, eliminate condensation and remove moist air to the outside. Before purchasing an aerator, you need to understand the features of their design and types.

Point

In another way, these aerators are called roof-point valves. They are mounted on roofs in which there is no ridge - hipped and flat. The roof aerator itself is made of high-strength plastic, resistant to mechanical stress and exposure to sunlight (fading).

It has 4 parts in its structure: a flask, a protective umbrella for it, a tube and a filter mesh.

According to the configuration of the flask, they are divided into flat and bottle. Bottle roofs are installed on single-pitched and tent-type roofs, and flat ones are mounted on flat ones. Such aerators function productively if they are placed evenly throughout the roof. As a rule, one deflector is needed per 20 m2 of roof, but if possible, it is better to mount two.

Skate continuous

According to the name, they are installed on pitched roofs equipped with a ridge. They are a permanent outlet located at the very top of the ramp. The ridge aerator is implemented in the form of a square, equipped with through holes, which are called vents.

Airflows are point (made at a distance of 6-8 m from each other) and slotted (gap 5 cm). There is a protective grid from penetration inside a roof of insects. A similar device is mounted around the entire ridge and is attached to the roofing material. Its individual components form an integral system. The aerator perfectly retains moisture and lets air out, preventing it from stagnation in the attic.

How to choose?

On soft roofs, various deflectors are used, the choice of which depends on the type of roof.

When choosing an aerator, preference should be given to products that have certificates from a trusted manufacturer.

When buying, special attention should be paid to the completeness of the set and the absence of mechanical damage (scratches, chips, cracks and deformation).

When choosing aerators for a soft roof, it is necessary to build on the complexity of its structure, climate and the level of moisture saturation of the attic space. As a rule, one point aerator must be installed per 100-150 m2.

When mounting a ridge aerator, a different approach is used. A ventilation slot is constructed along the entire length of the joint, and air is supplied from under the overhangs, where a specialized air element (perforated tape) is placed on the slot.

For all types of aerators, a number of technical conditions are put forward, which they must comply with:

withstand temperatures from -50? C to +100? C;
resistance to chemicals that may be contained in sediments;
corrosion resistance.

How to install?

Each type of aerator has a specific installation order.

Point devices are mounted on flat roofs and roofs with a slope angle of less than 12 degrees. They can also be used as an addition to ridge aerators.

Let us consider in more detail the installation technology of point aerators:

We determine the location of the aerators. We apply the aerator with the base to the installation site and draw around the contour with a pencil. On the marked mark, we make holes with an electric jigsaw.

We install the skirt (base) of the aerator over the finished hole and fix it with self-tapping screws or nails. For a stronger fixation, you can additionally use glue. In this case, we apply bituminous mastic to the inner segment of the skirt, glue it to the base and fix it with nails.
We coat the top of the skirt with bituminous glue.
We cover the skirt with soft tiles, cutting the shingles at the points of contact.
We put an aerator mesh on top of the skirt, screw it with self-tapping screws. Then we install the cap (cover), snap it on and also screw it with self-tapping screws.

Installation of the remaining point aerators is carried out in the same order.

Installation of a ridge aerator is quite simple, it is installed along the entire length of the pitched ridge and its variety - a hip roof, the slope of which is from 12 to 45 degrees. There are two ways to install a ventilated soft roof ridge.

Installation technology:

In the solid base, using a circular saw, we cut a ventilation groove. It can be single (at the highest point of the ridge) or consist of two parts (on the sides of the ridge). The total thickness of the ventilation gap should be 3-8 cm (depending on the aerator manufacturer's instructions). The ventilation groove should end 30 cm before the edge of the ridge on both sides, that is, the coating remains continuous.

We cover the areas where the ventilation gap has not been cut with ridge tiles.
We install an aerator. We fix each section of it with special roofing nails or screws screwed through the existing factory holes.
We lay ridge tiles on top of the aerator profile. We overlap its petals, according to the standard mounting technology along the ribs. The only difference is the fasteners. In this case, we nail the tiles to the aerator with special roofing nails.

We seal the places where the aerator meets the roof with a silicone-based sealant. Care must be taken not to form a cavity around the under-roof space ventilation device. Water and snow will linger in these recesses, which over time will certainly find a place to seep under the roof.

The second method involves fixing timber bars at the highest point of the roof slopes. It turns out a kind of crate for the ridge bar. From above, we nail plywood strips to the bars, forming a triangle. Ventilation gaps are formed between the bars, and the entire structure, as in the previous case, is covered with shingles.

If the height difference on the roof is quite large and the total height of the structure is at least 7 meters, then instead of aerators, small box-shaped valves can be installed together with ridge ventilation.

Houses with tent or hip roof architecture do not have gables. But this is not a problem for the ventilation device. It is based on the same principles as for gable roofs, but at the same time, we must not forget that it is necessary to construct inlet gaps that ensure the passage of air around the entire perimeter of the roof. No matter how many slopes the hipped roof would have, each of them must be ventilated.

A great desire to forget about the device for ventilation of the space under the roof is given by a half-hip roof, since its inclined end elements have relatively small dimensions. The ventilation system here can be built according to the principle of ventilation on the main slopes of the roof.

It is a little more difficult to calculate the ventilation of the end slopes of the Dutch (hip) roof, since there is a window directly above them. This is an obstacle to the use of pipes, but, nevertheless, an aerator or gratings can be installed there.

In all the cases described, if the roofing is made of wood, then it should not be monolithic, since air must pass through its gaps into the space under the roof. But in parallel with the above installation rules, it is also necessary to make the correct calculation so that normal traction is formed under the roof. Otherwise, all this will not function.

Regardless of the method of the device, ventilation must guarantee:

the passage of air vapor;
protection of the space under the roof from precipitation and melting snow;
moisture should not pass through the design of the ridge;
ensuring the evaporation of excess liquid from the room.

When ventilating the under-roof space with your own hands, a number of important points should be taken into account.

If you intend to get a stronger effect from the movement of air currents, then it is necessary to apply steam and hydrobarriers located under the crate. They are specialized meshes that allow air to pass through without difficulty, but prevent the passage of moisture and steam.
To ensure ventilation under the roof of an ordinary pitched roof, a small number of vents placed in the lower and upper parts in equal numbers will suffice. If necessary, you can supplement the ventilation system with a fan for forced exhaust.

If you are installing a fan in a building that is located in an area with higher than normal humidity, then the fan must be endowed with a higher motor power. The fans must be installed parallel to the roof structure. Inserting a device into a finished roof is more difficult and will cost significantly more.
The combination works great on the roof- full ventilation of the ridge and auxiliary elements to enhance the air flow. If, for example, one of them is damaged in winter, the rest will remain in working order. The under-roof space will be one hundred percent protected from the accumulation of condensate.
Also it is necessary to pay attention to the total component of all precipitation falling during the year. In areas with heavy snowfalls, it is necessary to raise the air ducts to a higher level, otherwise the snow drifts will block the low-mounted aerators.

And the last - the desire to save money when installing roof ventilation can end badly, being a source of problems both with the roof covering and with structural elements. Proper organization of effective air exchange is a guarantee that the roof will last for decades without the need for repair, providing thorough protection for the entire structure and comfortable living conditions.

Arranging ventilation under the roof with your own hands for a roof of any kind is not so difficult, and such a design has a considerable amount of positive effects.

It is not even worth talking about the need for roof ventilation. Everyone knows this. But how to make it efficient, durable, and also mount it yourself, using advanced engineering practices, will be discussed in this article.

Why do you need roof ventilation?

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the roof. Therefore, when erecting a building, experienced builders equip the roof with special care, providing it with reliable insulation, insulation and a ventilation system.

During the operation of the house, steam is generated inside the premises, which, according to the laws of physics, rises into the under-roof space. And if there is no well-adjusted ventilation of the roof, then the steam settles on the roof structures, rendering them unusable and destroying the supporting elements of the building.

A roof without ventilation is dangerous. High humidity will lead to the formation of mold and fungus on the walls, wetting of the insulation, which means a deterioration in thermal conductivity and freezing of the house. A well-established roof ventilation system will help to avoid this, which will bring the condensate out and prevent it from ruining the entire structure.

In order to extend the life of the roof, it is equipped with a high-quality ventilation system.

Ventilation of the house can be point and continuous, natural and forced. The most common sources of air circulation include:

dormers;
ridges of pitched roofs;
gaps provided in the roofing cake and cornice strips;
exhaust fans on roofs and other piece elements of the ventilation system with holes.

For small or medium-sized roofs, natural ventilation is sufficient. Forced ventilation elements are installed on large roofs, where the natural air exchange of the under-roof space is not enough.

Elements of the ventilation roof system

The assembly of ventilation components (including labor) is no more than 2–5% of the cost of the roof itself, which is much less than it will take to repair the roof, individual sections of the house, or even the entire building as a whole, if the ventilation system is not mounted or installed on "Perhaps, I suppose, and somehow."

The main tasks that are assigned to the elements of the ventilation system:

removal of steam entering the under-roof space from the interior of the house;
reduction of heat flux penetrating under the roof due to its heating in the sun;
roof temperature equalization to prevent the formation of icicles on the edges of the cornices and ice on the roof surface.

The ventilation system of the building consists of various elements that perform one common task: to ensure the normal temperature regime of the roof and under-roof space

Ventilation roofing tape

The ventilation tape closes all the cracks of the roof, while providing sufficient air exchange and protecting the under-roof space from debris, invasion of birds and other small living creatures.

The TOP ROLL S 240 mm ventilation tape ensures good air circulation and protection of the roof space

Depending on the purpose, there are:

ridge ventilation tape;
perforated cornice tape (overhangs air element).

Benefits of using roofing tape:

creates good breathability;
emphasizes the decorative finish of the roof;
Provides protection from moisture, debris and insects.

Ridge roofing tape protects the roof ridge from precipitation and snow getting under the roof. Along with this, it removes steam from the roofing cake, preventing wetting and decay of the rafter system and covering material.

Good ventilation tape from well-known manufacturers, as a rule, is treated with special compounds from UV radiation, which provides additional protection for roof joints from destructive solar radiation. The ridge tape is laid along the edge of the roof, and the ridge is already mounted on top of it. Works are carried out at an air temperature of +5 °C.

Ridge ventilation tape is placed under the metal plate of the ridge

Perforated cornice tape is used to cover cornice overhangs. It not only protects the under-roof space from rodents, birds, insects, dirt and creates free air exchange, but also increases the strength of some roofing components.

PVC ventilation tape reinforces the structure of the eaves

Ventilation roof mesh

For pitched roofs, in addition to proper air exchange, insect protection is also an important task. Hornets, wasps and small birds inhabit the under-roof space, make nests, thereby creating not only a noise effect and unsanitary conditions, but also interfere with the natural ventilation of the roof. To combat such a disaster, a ventilation anti-mosquito net with cells 2–3 mm in size is designed.

Stainless steel mesh is considered the best, as it is the most durable and strong. It is resistant to corrosion, does not spoil the exterior of the house, has a much longer service life than analogues. Of the minuses, only a high price can be noted relative to other types of grids.

Stainless steel ventilation mesh for roof ventilation is considered the most durable and strong

It is undesirable to use steel meshes, as they corrode due to condensate leaks, rot and rust. It is better to use a paint grid with small cells as a budget option in order to save money. Its advantage is low cost and ease of installation - the mesh is overlapped and fastened with a stapler to the wooden parts of the roof. However, the paint mesh is not very strong, and therefore short-lived.

Fiberglass paint mesh does not have sufficient strength, it is easily torn and pecked by birds, so it is better to use it as a temporary option

Roof ventilation passages

Pass-through elements (passages) are an integral part of ventilation pipes. They are designed to seal roof openings. As a rule, they are not included in the delivery set, but are selected separately for each type of roof.

Penetrations are diverse in shape, size, color, which is primarily due to the manufacturer, and secondly - roofing (soft roofing, corrugated board, metal tiles). But they are all easy to install. They are mounted both at the stages of construction and on the finished roof.

Penetrations are used to seal the junction of ventilation pipes with roofing

Only with precisely selected passage parts corresponding to the covering material, we can talk about the durability of the ventilation system, the absence of leaks in the tie-in zones and the ability to withstand all climatic loads with roofing components.

Aerator for roof ventilation

Roofing accessories such as aerators are designed to improve the ventilation of soft roofs. These are forced ventilation elements that reduce pressure under the roof and increase draft, which provides the necessary air flow.

Aerator for roof ventilation made of soft tiles reduces pressure in the under-roof space, which ensures good ventilation of attic spaces

Aerators are selected depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof, observing the following rules:

aerators are installed in the highest places of the slopes along the entire length of the roof for uniform ventilation of the entire under-roof space;
the distance between adjacent devices is maintained at least 12 m;
attach aerators to dowels or anchor bolts and equip them with filters that prevent dirt, moisture and insects from entering;
to adjust the system during the construction of the roof, sections are selected at the joints of the sealant;
to prevent leakage, use a sealant or a special tape.

Ventilation accessories also include an overhang comb, which has a frequent row of teeth that protect the eaves gap and the adjacent under-roof space, as well as roof fans. They are indispensable on flat roofs with insufficient natural convection and on pitched roofs when there is no possibility to arrange natural ventilation.

The overhang comb is mounted directly under the end row of slotted tiles using self-tapping screws.

Video: Installing a Systemair DVS Roof Fan

Ventilation passage through the roof

Any ventilation duct is brought to the roof of the house and forms the so-called passage unit (AP) in the exit points in the form of a pipe inserted either into the roof itself through the outlet or into reinforced concrete cups.

Each element of the ventilation system requires a sealed assembly to pass through the roof

Industrial ventilation passage assemblies are manufactured in accordance with GOST 15150 and are:

Depending on the type of roofing and the design features of the roof and air outlet, they differ in shape:

Along with typical elements, non-standard units are often made, designed for original construction and assembly of ventilation systems. However, all of them must comply with the requirements specified by GOST:

metal thickness for manufacturing at least 11.9 mm;
the size of the support ring is larger than the diameter of the branch pipe by 30–40 cm;
mandatory treatment with anti-corrosion compounds;
the length of the UE structure without a valve is not more than 1 m.

Passage nodes for chimney channels are equipped with strict observance of fire regulations.

Ventilation on the roof

Many people wonder if a ventilation gap is needed and if so, why. Is it possible not to do it, because there is already a gap between the coating and the crate.

But really - do you really need a ventilation gap on the roof? Let's try to figure it out. Ventilation of the under-roof space consists of three gaps: the eaves, through which air flows, the gap between the roof and the insulation (the membrane does not count) and the gap at the highest point of the roof (ridge or junction).

Their goal is to ensure good air circulation under the roof and prevent the insulation from getting wet. And if you neglect the gap on the roof, then the consequences will be very deplorable - you will have to disassemble the roofing pie and change the insulation. And this is the least of all troubles.

In order for the house to be warm in winter and cool in summer, it is necessary to equip the roof with ventilation according to all the rules

In addition, hard coatings typically require repainting every 10–20 years. But in the absence of a gap, the resulting condensate will spoil the flooring sheets from the inside. And if it is quite simple to paint them from above, then from the inside it is impossible to do this without disassembling the entire roofing pie and replacing the sheets completely.

So the answer to all questions is obvious - to make gaps. Let the roof breathe to avoid at first subtle but snowballing problems. In addition, the gap on the roof must be sufficient to ensure the operation of the entire chain.

If you clog the ridge of the roof, that is, do not make a gap, there will be no sense from the gap between the insulation and the roof, as well as the cornice gap.

Metal roof ventilation

The metal roof is beautiful, modern, durable and reliable, but it has one big drawback - limited air exchange, that is, it does not pass air well. To ensure normal circulation, ventilation is established according to the following algorithm:

Video: ventilation of the under-roof space in roofs made of metal tiles

Ventilation of a roof from a soft tile

The tasks of soft roof ventilation are:

removal of condensate;
prevention of overheating of the lower layers of the roofing;
ensuring temperature balance on the roof surface.

With properly organized ventilation, cold air flows enter the under-roof space in places of overhangs, and exit through the ridge or aerators.

The arrows indicate the direction of air flow in the under-roof space with the correct ventilation device.

Soft roof ventilation can be single- or double-circuit. But for it to be sufficient, a number of conditions are met:

the thickness of the air gap between the crate and the insulation is calculated in advance by the angle of inclination and the length of the slopes (but less than 4 cm);
make additional holes along the bottom of the slope, tightening them with perforated tape, mesh, comb, lining the roof overhangs with breathable spotlights;
arrange gaps on the roof in the form of ventilated skates or aerators for forced ventilation.

If the roof is not new, and a soft roof is being repaired, then look for places with the greatest swelling, and install aerators there.

Video: ventilation of the under-roof space in roofs made of shingles

hip roof ventilation

Ventilation of hip roofs can be conditionally divided into two groups - ventilation of a cold attic and an insulated attic.

Arrangement of ventilation of a cold attic space will not present difficulties. Due to the large volume of the attic, there are practically no barriers to the normal circulation of air flows. Air exchange occurs through the cornice overhang, ridge and ridge. Dormer windows, barred and located on opposite sides of the roof, provide a draft.

Natural air circulation occurs through the ventilation gap in the roof and dormer windows

When it is necessary to increase ventilation, aerators are installed along the passage of the valleys. But they make sense if the slope angle is more than 45 °. Otherwise, in difficult areas in winter, due to the accumulation of snow, the work of aerators will be inefficient.

With small slopes, it is better to make forced ventilation using roof fans, inertial turbines or nozzles of sufficient height so that they are not covered with snow.

Video: how to eliminate condensation in the attic

Ventilation of insulated under-roof space (attic)

It is advisable to plan attic ventilation during construction, since its arrangement is more laborious than ventilation equipment for a cold attic. There is no free air circulation here, therefore the space for air exchange is created due to the crate mounted between the insulation and the flooring.

Air circulation in the insulated room occurs due to the ventilation gap in the roofing pie

In addition, a gap of at least 2–3 cm is required between hydro and thermal insulation. If the depth of the rafters does not allow you to make the desired gap, then they are built up with the help of boards.

But such a method of air exchange is quite difficult to do on roofs of complex shapes with many kinks and junctions. Therefore, roofers are advised to mount diffusion membranes (vapor-permeable) directly on the insulation, which allow moisture to pass in only one direction.

Video: ventilated ridge on a mansard roof

Seam roof ventilation

A seam roof, like all other types of roofs, needs normal air circulation in the under-roof space. And this is ensured with the help of a gap between the coating and the heat-insulating layer of at least 50 mm, for which the crate is assembled from a beam of 50x40 or 50x50 mm. In addition, the insulation is protected with a vapor barrier film for greater reliability.

To remove moisture from the ventilation gap on the roof, a ventilation outlet for the seam roof is mounted at a distance of no more than 0.6 m from the ridge.

The ventilation outlet for seam and soft roofs is used to remove moisture from the ventilation gap

A properly laid and well-ventilated seam roof will last about 25 years without a major overhaul.

Pitched roof ventilation

To equip the ventilation of pitched roofs, you need:

supply gaps in the lower zone of the roof;
channels for air circulation above the insulation (due to the crate);
the hoods at the top of the roof are 15% larger than the area of the air inlets, since a lower pressure in the attic is necessary for good ventilation.

It is not difficult to arrange ventilation with your own hands. There is only one general scheme - to provide cracks under the cornice overhangs, protect them with tape or mesh, make a gap between the crate and the insulation.

Further work depends on the slope of the roof. With a slope of 10-45°, the exhaust gap is located in the ridge and is covered with a ridge aerator with a protective filter made of polyurethane foam. One such aerator, about 60 cm long, ventilates 25 m² of attic space.

Video: installing a ridge aerator

If the roof structure does not provide for a ridge or the slope of the slopes is from 5 to 12 °, then it is necessary to increase the number of air inlets at the bottom of the roof, and install aerators in the upper zone at a distance of 0.5–0.8 m from the highest point of the roof.

With this arrangement, the aerator ventilates 5 m² of the attic, but if the building is located on a well-ventilated area, then its throughput increases to 25 m².

Video: installation of a point aerator

The size of the ventilated gap on the ridge

The size of the ventilated gap depends on the slope of the slopes - the smaller the slope of the roof, the greater the height of the gap. The type of heat-insulating material does not affect the size of the gap, but the type of roofing is very important. Under a hard coating (metal tile, corrugated board), you can use a counter for lathing with a small section of 25x50 mm, since this is not a continuous coating, but has its own gaps and joints through which air also circulates. Although experts do not advise experimenting, and for greater reliability and strength, they recommend using 50x50 mm bars for all coatings, that is, making the optimal gap height 50 mm.

How to bring a pipe through a roof from corrugated board

Any home heating system, with the exception of electric, involves the output of chimneys to the roof to release combustion products into the atmosphere. Consider how to bring the chimney through the corrugated board.

First you need to make sure that the chimney is located correctly - the exit point should be in the darkened north side, where the sun does not get much.
The shape of the pipe and the size of its section are chosen, taking into account the climatic conditions of the area, the relief and the temperature of the outlet gases.
Then they are determined with the height of the pipe according to SNiP.
They make the pipe themselves, or buy it ready-made and carry out the installation.

Video: pipe passage through a corrugated roof

Height of ventilation shafts according to SNiP

When calculating the height of ventilation shafts, take into account:

elevation of the pipe relative to the highest point of the roof and adjacent buildings;
the total length of the smoke channel;
head size;
design height.

Requirements and norms for SNiP:

If there are outlets of other ventilation ducts nearby, the height should exceed the rest by 20 cm.

Video: how to calculate the height of the chimney

Ventilation aerators are special devices for ventilating the under-roof space and removing moisture and water vapor to the outside. They are used on flat roofs, preventing swelling of the covering roll material due to temperature changes, and on pitched roofs for effective ventilation and condensate removal.

Vanes (aerators) are produced in different sizes and designs. They are considered the most effective elements of ventilation systems. On a flat roof, they are installed evenly over the entire surface at the joints of the plates. On pitched structures, they are located closer to the ridge (0.6 m from it) or in the places where the valleys pass (on complex roofs).

On pitched roofs, aerators are installed closer to the ridge or in places where the roof is broken.

The material for the manufacture is stainless steel AISI 316 or durable polypropylene, so they can withstand a wide temperature range from -40 to + 90 ° C.

Installation of aerators on a flat roof

With a two-layer coating with rolled materials, aerators are installed in the lower layer:

A hole is cut through the screed and layers of insulation along the diameter of the aerator tube.
They fall asleep with gravel and attach the aerator to the hot mastic.
After cooling, fix with screws.
The top layer of the roofing is melted in such a way that the aerator is in the place of overlap (15 cm) of the sheets, the junctions are sealed.

Video: do-it-yourself installation of an aerator on a two-layer soft roof, part 1

In a single-layer flooring, aerators are installed on the screed, making a hole to the vapor barrier. The coating is laid on the skirt of the aerator, hot mastic and a patch are applied on top, overlapping the skirt and going onto the coating by about 15 cm. Then, the aerator is fixed with self-tapping screws, the joint is treated with sealant.

Video: installation of an aerator on a two-layer soft roof, part 2

Installation of aerators on metal tiles and corrugated board

The installation of ventilation outlets on roofs made of metal tiles and profiled sheets is the same and is associated with a violation of the roofing, so it must be carried out very carefully so that damaged sheets of covering material do not have to be changed.

Apply a template (included in the kit) to the installation site, outline and carefully cut a hole along the intended line.
Strengthen the seal with screws, and apply sealant.
Install the aerator, fix it with hinges and additional screws.
From inside the attic, the places where the ventilation pipes pass are puttied with sealant.

When installing ventilation elements, you must use branded fasteners that are included in the kit.

Video: installation of ventilation on a metal tile

The main mistakes in the installation of the ventilation system: how to avoid them

Considering that today many people equip the roof of the house on their own, we will consider the most common mistakes when installing ventilation systems.

SNiP standards are not taken into account.
Unsuitable ventilation elements selected.
The ventilation ducts are not symmetrical.
The capacity of the system was calculated incorrectly and the heat balance was not taken into account.
Installation work carried out incorrectly.

The basic rule in the design of ventilation systems is that the more proportionate and shorter the ventilation is, the more efficient and with less noise it will work.

Overview of ventilation systems

When adjusting ventilation, sometimes there is a difficulty with the choice of components. Consider the most popular manufacturers whose products deserve attention.

Roof ventilation Virplast

WirPlast equipment is used for various purposes - installation of ventilation of rooms or fan outlets (sewer system), as a kitchen hood, for installation of antennas or components of solar panels.

Advantages:

easy installation due to the built-in spirit level, which eliminates any errors;
complete tightness on the roof;
stylish design;
a variety of models for all types of coverage;
10 year guarantee.

WirPlast ventilation equipment is of high quality, which is confirmed by a ten-year warranty for all products

Roof ventilation "TechnoNIKOL"

TechnoNIKOL ventilation systems are available in two variations:

for ventilation of the under-roof space;
for forced air circulation in attics and mansards.

Advantages:

aesthetic design and affordable price;
increased reliability and impact resistance of all elements. It is achieved thanks to the additives introduced into the composition of the main HDPE material;
easy installation with detailed instructions.

Roof ventilation Vilpe

Vilpe products are a development of the Finnish company SK Tuote Oy. Excellent as forced ventilation systems installed both during the construction phase and during renovation.

Advantages:

Made from impact-resistant polypropylene, therefore not subject to corrosion;
resistant to ultraviolet and climatic extremes;
environmentally friendly material, withstands constant temperature fluctuations from -40 to + 80 ° C and episodic jumps from -55 to +120 ° C;
great variety of colors and modern design.

Vilpe roof ventilation is made from impact-resistant polypropylene and can withstand large temperature fluctuations.

Roof ventilation Kronoplast

The success and demand for Kronoplast products is due to the fact that the company produces almost all parts for the ventilation of a private house - under-roof ventilation, kitchen outlets, vacuum cleaner outlets, sewer risers, etc.

The main feature of this product is one hundred percent impermeability on the roof of all exits, without which full ventilation is unrealistic. Roofing elements are available for any coating in six basic colors.

Video: installation of ventilation on the roof of ondulin

Installation of roof ventilation is an important and necessary process that requires attention and responsibility. It is easy to do it yourself, observing the mandatory rules and regulations. Only in this case the roof of the house will never "cry". Good luck to you.

Despite the hype around some roofing materials, the comfort and warmth in the house is affected not so much by them as by the competent installation of the roof. If the construction was carried out professionally, observing existing standards, then any coating will be a reliable barrier to the surprises of nature, whether it be cheap slate or expensive metal tiles, and the entire roof structure will save heat in the house and eliminate excess moisture. But the presence of condensate, high humidity "hints" that not everything is going smoothly with your roof. Well, to be more specific: roof ventilation was incorrectly created during installation (if it was created at all!).

And there are several reasons: either the roof was covered by non-professionals, or vapor barrier or waterproofing films were applied incorrectly, or the ventilation system was created without taking into account the type of roofing. There is only one result: you will have to disassemble the roofing pie and mount it again.

What layers should the roof ventilation system consist of?

Roof ventilation consists of three components, each with its own function:

Ventilation between roofing and waterproofing layer. Its task is to remove condensate from the roof, which forms on the back of the coating.
Ventilation between waterproofing and insulation. It is needed so that the moisture that has entered the insulation from the air has the opportunity to leave the roof. If this layer is not created, the insulation can absorb water as a result of roof leaks or during the rainy season and cease to function as a heat insulator.
Ventilation of the internal roof space. This layer is responsible for the removal of vapors from the premises and prevents them from settling in the form of condensate on the inside of the roof.

In this roof, ventilation of the under-roof space is not thought out, so there is a lot of condensate on the coating

What laws of physics should be taken into account when installing ventilation

Steam and water will seep into the roofing cake from both sides. The ventilation system must either prevent this, or in case of contact, allow moisture to erode. In this case, it should be remembered: the steam does not go perpendicularly upwards, but slightly deviates to the side. The water does not go perpendicularly down, but also deviates slightly.

This deviation is not always taken into account when forming a roofing pie, and the following installation errors are made:

Underground ventilation. Errors in the installation of ventilation will lead to the destruction of the roof structure

Errors in the use of vapor barrier and waterproofing films

Even if all the necessary air gaps are created in the roofing pie, ventilation will not be able to ventilate all the moisture if the waterproofing or vapor barrier films were not installed correctly. They are often confused due to their resemblance. But these films have different tasks, and, accordingly, an absolutely different structure.

Let's consider what problems "fall" on the head of the owner, who confused the purpose of insulating materials:

If you have laid a vapor barrier film instead of a waterproofing one. The vapor barrier film completely eliminates the ingress of moisture from both sides. If you lay it on top of the insulation, then the moisture that has got from the air into the heat-insulating material (and it will definitely get there, especially in seasons of high humidity!) And it will remain in it, because it will not find a way out. As a result, every year the insulation will become more and more moistened, until, finally, it loses its properties completely, and the owners will face high heat losses.
If you have laid a waterproofing film instead of a vapor barrier. Waterproofing films (they are also called diffusion membranes) have special properties: one side of them “breathes”, and the other side is waterproof. They are laid under the roofing, turning the breathing side to the heat-insulating layer. At the same time, a ventilation outlet should remain between the layers. Then the moisture from the insulation will partially come out through the air gap, and the rest will seep through the funnel-shaped openings of the film under the roof and disappear. If water accidentally gets through the roofing (as a result of leaks, through cracks, etc.), then it will settle on the film, and it will not be able to go deeper. And in the same way as the moisture from the insulation, it will go home.

If you properly fix the waterproofing material on the ridge, then the steam will not find an outlet.

When installing a waterproofing film, the opposite is true, i.e. On the “breathing side” of the insulation, water and moisture that have got in from the outside will calmly enter the insulation through the funnels, and they will not be able to get out of there. As a result, the entire design of the roofing pie loses its meaning.

Another option is when a waterproofing film is laid instead of a vapor barrier film. If you place it with funnels inside the house, then all the steam will instantly seep into the insulation, if vice versa, then the moisture from the insulation will return back to the under-roof space, although not much.

Errors in the ventilation system, created without taking into account the roofing material

Some owners unknowingly create not so much ventilation layers in the cake as they require a certain roofing. For example, metal tiles, euroslate are afraid of condensation on the back side, therefore, a ventilation gap is necessarily provided between them and the waterproofing layer. Those. they fill not a continuous crate, but a bar, leaving gaps for air circulation. If water enters from the outside under the roof, then with the help of this layer of ventilation it will be able to escape through the ridge.

The grate paired with the counter-lattice will create an air gap sufficient for the condensate to find an outlet to the outside

At the same time, anti-condensate films are used as waterproofing, which do not release vapor from the insulation under the roof, thereby relieving the roofing from additional condensate. But here is the second point: where will the moisture go from the heat-insulating material if it is not released under the roof? To do this, create a second layer of ventilation, leaving an air "cushion" between the insulation and the anti-condensation film.

Diffusion and superdiffusion membranes cannot be laid as waterproofing, because they are designed to pass steam under the roof, and in such roofs this is fraught with corrosion of metal tiles.

Only a properly designed ventilated roof will retain heat and remove excess moisture from the house.

In a roofing pie, the waterproofing material is surrounded by a double ventilation gap

Soft tile roofs

And these roofs are not afraid of condensate, so they do not require a serious air gap between the coating and waterproofing. Under them, a solid crate of plywood, boards, etc. is mounted. Wood materials themselves pass air well, so natural ventilation will work in any case.

The creation of an air gap between the waterproofing and the insulation will depend on which film you choose:

In soft roofs, anti-condensate films are not laid. Diffusion membranes are used here. But so that the funnels are not clogged with particles of insulation, an air gap must be left.
If you plan to lay a superdiffusion membrane, then it does not need an air gap. The level of moisture penetration is high and allows you to do without a ventilation layer. Such a membrane is laid directly on the heat-insulating material.

In this cake, the waterproofing layer is created using a superdiffusion membrane. It does not require a ventilation gap, but spreads directly on the insulation

Having created all the necessary ventilation gaps, it should be remembered that steam will tend upwards, and water downwards only when there is air movement. Do not forget to make a ventilated filing, and mount aerators on the upper edge of the roof or on the ridge. Otherwise, the roof will not be properly ventilated.

Good ventilation of a metal roof helps to avoid many problems. Thus, they get rid of the condensate that forms on the inside of the metal tile and on the heat-insulating layer due to the temperature difference. The cause of high humidity can also be snow or rain, which due to strong winds sometimes get under the roof. When moisture gets on the insulation, its heat-insulating properties deteriorate significantly. The wooden truss structure and the crate are exposed to the destructive action from high humidity.

The influence of condensate is especially strong in the off-season, when the ambient temperature drops. During this period, warm air rises from the living space, in which moisture is present, and, in contact with the cold surface of the roof, condenses. The roof ventilation device prevents the negative consequences of the destructive influence of high humidity and helps to create a comfortable microclimate not only in the under-roof space, but throughout the entire room.

How to equip a ventilation outlet for a metal tile

To ensure the exit of accumulated air along with moisture from under the roof, it is necessary to carry out a constant influx of fresh air from the street. Thanks to the device of such circulation, the following tasks are performed:

There is a cooling of the surface of the metal tile. As a result of this, the snow does not melt on it, and frost does not form, and there will be no icicles on the cornices.
In the hot season, the under-roof space and the roof do not overheat.

Considering that steam has a high penetrating power, a ventilation gap should be provided between the roof and the insulation (usually it is 50 mm).

In order for the space to ventilate naturally, ventilation outlets are used, consisting of a metal pipe, which is placed in a plastic casing and insulated with polyurethane. A cap-deflector is installed at the top of the pipe to protect it from atmospheric precipitation. Structurally, the deflector is designed in such a way that it can increase air draft.

The natural ventilation system will be effective only if the ventilation outlets are placed strictly in the prescribed manner, taking into account the design features of the roof and the direction of the prevailing winds in this area. Otherwise, the opposite effect may be observed when the air is drawn into the room.

One of the main technological issues in the installation of the ventilation outlet is to ensure the tightness of its adjoining to the roofing. This task can be realized by applying internal, external seals and a passage element for metal tiles. In this capacity, various ventilation and sewer pipes, antenna penetrations and others can be used. When ventilation outlets and fans are mounted, roof penetrations are also used. They help to achieve the required level of tightness on any type of roof.

How to install ventilation elements

To perform the installation of penetration through the roofing, it is necessary:

Mark, and then cut a hole for the pipe in the metal tile according to the template.
Fix the passage element in it with self-tapping screws, before applying sealant to it.
An outlet (sewer, ventilation, etc.) is inserted into the passage element and, using a level, it is set strictly vertically, followed by fixing the outlet with self-tapping screws.
The outlet of the hood is connected to the air duct located inside the house through a corrugated pipe. It is pulled through the vapor barrier, waterproofing and insulation. All passage points are sealed with adhesive tapes, a sealant for closing hydro- and vapor barriers, and a sealant.

High-quality penetration can withstand vibration, atmospheric precipitation pressure, and the effects of temperature changes. In most cases, the material for the manufacture of this element is silicone or rubber. They do not corrode, do not melt in the sun, fit snugly to the roof surface, serve as a reliable barrier against the ingress of moisture, debris and, thereby, contribute to the safety of the truss system from destruction.

Pass-through elements are selected in accordance with the type of roofing material and the diameter of the object displayed on it.

When installing ventilation, special attention should be paid to arranging the passage through the roof structure of the mine. In this place, a special device is mounted, called the node of the passage through the ventilation roof. There are several varieties of them, differing in the method of installation. The choice of any of them depends on which type of ventilation pipes will be installed: sewer, smoke or antenna. The holes for the pipe in the metal tile can also be processed in different ways.

In most cases, the installation of air ducts is carried out on reinforced concrete cups, and they are fixed with nuts and anchor bolts. Such nodes can be used to transfer air with a humidity of not more than 60% and a temperature of 80°C or less. The nodes are unified, their technical characteristics comply with the requirements of GOST-15150.

Metal roof ventilation

When the roof slope is 1:3 or even less, a vent pipe for metal tiles is installed. Its height in this case is 0.5 m, and the required amount is determined based on the fact that for 60 m 2 of the roof it is necessary to install one pipe.

Most often, plastic ventilation pipes are used. They have an aesthetic appearance, long service life, meet sanitary and environmental requirements, and are easy to install. Due to their advantages, they are increasingly replacing traditional galvanized metal counterparts.

When the roof slopes are more than 6 meters long and the roof slope is gentle, and ventilation pipes cannot be installed, ventilation junctions are used. Their height relative to the roof must not be less than 400 mm.

For climatic zones where there is a possibility of heavy snowfalls, the height of the ventilation pipe should be 650 mm. This helps prevent it from falling asleep with snow.

When building a new house, it is very important to follow the installation technology of the roof ventilation system. The desire to save on such an important element in the near future will cause serious problems. If you want the roof to last for decades without additional repairs, it is imperative to install roof ventilation.

Metal roof ventilation device

Ventilation of the under-roof space creates a favorable microclimate, affects the service life of wooden roof structures and metal tiles.

A well-arranged ventilation system provides a constant supply of air and its output, relieves the owner of the house from many problems.

The lack of air movement causes increased humidity in the attic or attic space, mold on the walls and structural elements of the roof, their decay and corrosion.

Condensation and moist vapors are always present in the under-roof space to one degree or another, which are formed due to the difference between warm air in the house and cold air outside, defects in thermal insulation, leaks in vapor barrier coatings.

Functional purpose

removal of condensate and moisture from the under-roof space;
ventilation of the roofing pie;
removal of warm air when the tiles are heated.

Ventilation of the metal roofing ensures the constant removal of moisture-saturated air, keeping the elements of the truss system and insulation (if any) dry.

Ventilation of the roofing cake relieves the insulation of wet vapors, retains its thermal insulation properties. To do this, a ventilation gap is made between the layers, which ensures constant air circulation and drying of the insulation.

In the summer, the metal tile heats up quite strongly and to maintain a comfortable temperature, constant air exchange and removal of hot air from under the roof is necessary.

In winter, warm air under the roof causes ice and icicles to form, so its timely removal is no less important. Read how the roof pie is arranged under the metal tile.

Design methods

The organization of the ventilation system in the house begins at the design stage. Most often, continuous and spot ventilation is used.

Continuous system- provides air access through the air vents located under the cornice overhang (closed with spotlights) and its output through the ridge.

This is an effective scheme for simple gable roofs, the under-roof space of which has no obstacles for air circulation. With its proper organization, a natural draft is created, like a stove. It provides a continuous natural flow of air.

It is important to ensure a balance between the volume of incoming and outgoing air. In case of malfunctions in the system, moist air remains under the roof. This leads to negative consequences: mold, fungus, rust.

Spot ventilation (aerators)- used in addition to a continuous system, on roofs of complex shape and in the presence of skylights.

Metal or plastic aerators are installed on the roof of a metal tile in the form of a pipe with a cap (from precipitation). For their installation to the metal tile, pass-through elements are used to ensure the hermetic exit of the pipe through the roofing.

The frequency of installation of aerators is calculated individually, depending on the complexity of the roof structure and the presence of skylights.

Summarize

For simple gable roofs, continuous supply and exhaust ventilation is ideal and works almost flawlessly.

If the roof has a complex shape, there are skylights - in the under-roof space for the free passage of air, many obstacles arise, “stagnant” places appear. In this case, it is recommended to combine continuous ventilation with spot ventilation by installing aerators.

It is important to design and install ventilation systems correctly - the service life of the roof and the comfort of living in the task depend on their proper operation.

Ventilation outlet for metal tiles: installation instructions

Obviously, the roof over the house is made for more than a dozen years, and a properly executed ventilation outlet for a metal tile will be the key to its high-quality and long-term functioning.

This way, it is possible to prevent the development of undesirable processes that can subsequently damage the materials of the roof structure.

Why it is necessary to ventilate the roof

Ventilation outlet for metal tiles

The correct ratio of temperature and humidity in the under-roof space is the main task of the roof ventilation system, the presence of which will ensure the correct operation of the roof as a single complex.

It is known that warm air masses rise upward, carrying moisture in the vapor state with them. If the ventilation of the metal tile is not equipped, or it does not function correctly, moisture, having no way out, accumulates in a closed space and, reaching the dew point, condenses on the elements of the roof structure.

As a result, the following threats arise:

Condensation that has settled on a wooden roof truss structure can cause fungus and rotting, which subsequently leads to premature destruction.
Condensation that has settled on the metal elements of the roof provokes corrosion., which over time leads to the loss of their bearing capacity and integrity.
Moisture is well absorbed into the brick or concrete elements of roof structures, which can provoke an increase in their thermal conductivity and lead to their destruction in the future;
Condensed moisture quickly impregnates the roofing insulation, as a result of which it completely loses its properties, transforming from a heat insulator into a heat conductor. As a result, an increase in the cost of heating and air conditioning the building during the corresponding seasonal periods.

The problem described in the last paragraph is one of the key ones, and can manifest itself in the shortest possible time.

How to equip pitched roof ventilation - basic principles

Ventilation outlet mounting diagram

In order to release the air masses accumulated in the under-roof space, and with them the moisture, it is necessary to ensure the supply of fresh outdoor air.

This task is designed to perform ventilation pipes for metal tiles. In the lower part of the metal tile roof, special air vents are equipped through which cold outdoor air enters the under-roof space, pushing out the accumulated moist air from there through the exits in the ridge area of the metal tile roof.

This air circulation performs the following tasks:

The accumulated water vapor is removed, penetrating into the under-roof space from the residential part of the house;
The surface of the metal tile is cooled, which allows avoiding snow melting and the formation of ice and icicles in the area of the roof eaves in winter;
Excludes overheating of the roof and under-roof space from solar radiation in the summer.

In addition to ventilation exits, exits for ventilation ducts from the kitchen, bathroom and other rooms of the building are arranged separately from the under-roof space. An outlet for ventilation of the sewer riser is also individually mounted.

Operating principle of continuous ventilation outlets

Ventilation outlets on the roof surface can be of two types:

Point outlets- are installed in the area of the roof ridge with a certain step from each other. In appearance, they resemble a mushroom. They are also called roof aerators. Also, they can be equipped with forced fans.
Continuous Outputs- mounted along the entire length of the ridge and are hardly noticeable, since they are painted in the color of the metal tile and, unlike point exits, do not protrude above its surface.

To avoid direct rain, the outlets are closed from above with decorative caps made of metal or durable plastic, and painted in the color of metal tiles.

How to properly mount the ventilation outlet in a metal roof

To install outlets in a sheet of metal, it is necessary to make a hole through which the ventilation duct will be led out. In order to prevent rainwater from flowing in these places, it is necessary to use special blanks (pass-through elements), which are supplied in the color of metal tiles by suppliers of roofing materials and components.

Vent outlet mounting method

The ventilation outlet for metal tiles is installed according to the following algorithm:

Required number of exits- at the rate of one per 60 sq.m. roof surface.
The ventilation outlet must be located at a distance not lower than 60 cm from the ridge.
If the roof structure is complex, with a large number of breaks and intersections, the number of output elements must be increased.
The delivery set includes a template, which marks the planned hole for the ventilation element.
After the hole in the metal tile is made, it is required to paint over the end part of the metal in order to avoid the occurrence of a corrosion center.
A sealing rubber ring sits on the silicone, after which it is additionally attached to the roof with screws.
After the sealant dries, the passage element can be installed in its place.

It is also fixed with screws. When installing the through-flow ventilation element, use only specially designed screws included in the scope of delivery.

On the under-roofing side, it is necessary to provide for a reliable adjoining of the waterproofing and vapor barrier film.

To prevent moisture from entering the seal layer, it is necessary to additionally apply silicone sealant at the junctions of the waterproofing and vapor barrier to the ventilation pipe.

You should not save on arranging proper ventilation of the under-roof space. After all, its cost is negligible compared to the costs that may be required for the restoration work of roofing with metal tiles in the future, if you do not protect your roof from condensate in time. High-quality components and responsible performers who adhere to the correct technology for installing roof ventilation - all this in combination will significantly extend the life of your home.

Roof ventilation from metal tiles - installation of a ventilation outlet

Even the best roofing material, a perfectly assembled truss system and strict adherence to all the basic technological installation operations do not guarantee that the roof will reliably protect your home for a long time. The functionality of the roof largely depends on how the hydro and vapor barrier layers work, as well as the ventilation system. Excellent ventilation systems are manufactured by Vilpe, Aquasystem and Ridge Master.

Roof ventilation

Why good ventilation is necessary, for example, rooms, everyone knows. But not everyone knows that good roof ventilation is one of the main conditions for maintaining an optimal level of humidity inside the house and in the under-roof space.

Ventilated roofs last much longer due to the fact that the roofing material is not exposed to the damaging effects of water, which accumulates in the form of condensate on any (wooden, brick or metal) surfaces. A constant flow of air from the outside protects the attic from evaporation resulting from temperature changes.

Ventilation protects the wooden elements of the roof from decay and metal tiles from corrosion, prevents the formation of ice and icicles on the cornices on the roof surface, and prevents the insulation from getting wet (that is, it helps to avoid heat loss). In summer, ventilated roofs do not overheat. From the foregoing, we can conclude that the roof needs an efficient ventilation system.

Roofing pie and its device

One of the elements of the general ventilation of the roof is the ventilation gaps in the "roofing pie", which consists of:

Layer of vapor barrier;
A layer (or several layers) of insulation;
waterproofing layer;
Counter-lattices and battens;
Roofing (metal tiles, etc.).

Ventilation system for insulated and non-insulated roofs

Gaps (voids) are arranged on both sides of the insulation (it should not come into contact with adjacent layers, there should be a free distance of about 5 cm between them and the insulation). They prevent steam, which has a high penetrating power, from getting on the insulation and allow the roof to “breathe” (provide free access of air to the air in the ridge).

Ventilation device in the under-roof space

Ventilation of a cold attic or attic provides for the installation of a system of holes and gaps through which constant air exchange will be carried out. The most effective will be ventilation outlets in the eaves (under the roof overhang) and in the skates. In this case, air circulates over the entire area of the roof under the roofing carpet from the eaves to the ridge.

Ridge and cornice vents can be dotted (round) or have an oblong shape. In skates, vents are often made in the form of a gap for the entire length of the skate. To ensure normal air circulation, the total area of vents should be 0.3-0.5% of the entire roof area. Moreover, the area of \u200b\u200bvents on the ridge and slopes should be 10-15 percent larger than the area of \u200b\u200bcornice ventilation.

Elements of roof ventilation

Metal tile roofing includes ridge and cornice elements with ready-made ventilation holes, which are sold as a set with roofing.

Ventilation hoods are arranged not only as holes in the ridge, but also as separate elements. Aerators are designed to remove evaporation from the under-roof space. They are suitable for almost all types of roofs.

The number of these devices depends on the following factors:

The purpose of the building and its design features.
roof configurations.
Roof areas.
Roof covering.

Point aerators are usually mushroom-shaped and are installed on slopes, not far from the ridge. In addition to passive aerators, if necessary, ventilation turbines and deflectors are installed on the roof. These devices create forced draft, which significantly accelerates the movement of air in the under-roof space.

Installation of a ventilation outlet in a metal tile

Natural ventilation of the under-roof space is provided with the help of ventilation outlets, which are metal pipes in a plastic casing. A deflector cap is installed on top of the aerator, which increases draft and protects the pipe from atmospheric precipitation. The installation of this element of the system must be carried out with special care so as not to violate the tightness of the roof. Sequence of operations:

Marking is made under the hole in the sheet of metal.

A hole is cut with scissors for metal.

The cut is painted over with a special protective paint with a brush or spray.

Part of the “roofing cake” is carefully removed so that the passage element passes into the hole.

A passage element is inserted into the hole, sealed with silicone sealant and fastened with self-tapping screws.

A ventilation outlet is installed and, using the building level, it is installed strictly vertically. Attaches with screws.

All junctions are glued with adhesive tape and sealed with sealant.

Carrying out installation work

With a slight slope of the slope, special ventilation pipes are installed, the height of which is at least 50 cm (above the roofing). Ventilation pipes are installed at the rate of one pipe per 60 square meters. m. roof. Nowadays, plastic pipes are increasingly being installed on metal roofs. They are durable, easy to install and look good.

A roof covered with metal tiles may well stand for half a century. And its service life directly depends on how efficiently the ventilation system works. By providing the roof of your house with a constant supply of fresh air, you can breathe freely and forget about problems with the roof for several decades.

Metal roof ventilation device

Ventilation of a roof made of metal tiles allows you to avoid many problems that arise due to the accumulation of condensate on the inside of the coating. Metal is a reliable material, but a roof made of it does not allow air to pass through, so ventilation for metal tiles becomes the only optimal solution. During construction, further arrangement and construction of ventilation outlets on the roof is taken into account.

Why is metal roof ventilation necessary?

The main reason for the accumulation of moisture on the metal tile and the layer of heat-insulating material can be called the temperature difference. During the off-season, warm fumes from living areas, kitchens and bathrooms rise up to the roof. There they enter the colder air space, as a result of which the resulting condensate tends to settle on walls and windows.

As fumes build up inside the building without the necessary outside outlet, excess moisture builds up on the metal tile roof. A ventilated roof serves to prevent dampness, as well as to eliminate drops of water and snow that are blown under the roof by the wind.

For a roof made of metal, high humidity is especially dangerous. This is a factor leading to the destruction of roof parts and a violation of the integrity of the roof. As a result, the following negative changes are observed:

The insulation loses its insulating properties and does not perform its functions. If the layer is only a few percent saturated with moisture, the material accumulates internal heat and conducts cold, despite complete drying.
Wooden parts are deformed, the rafters and the crate are gradually destroyed. If structural elements made of wood have not been pre-treated with antiseptic substances, they are threatened by the appearance of mold and rotting.
The accumulation of moisture leads to the formation of an additional load on the roof rafters in the form of ice and icicles, their partial and complete sagging.

The device of the ventilated roof restores the circulation of air masses on the roof of the metal tile and under it. The ventilation outlet for the metal tile provides an influx of cold air, normalizes the temperature, preventing the snow from melting. In the hot season, a ventilated roof saves the roof and the space under it from overheating. For this purpose, builders leave free space between the roof and the insulating layer of the thermal insulator. The gap should be at least 5 cm.

What is a ventilation system?

Effective ventilation of a metal roof is achieved by air exchange. The passage of ventilation through the roof of a metal tile when installing ventilation outlets is required if there is an exhaust hood in the house.

The ventilation outlet for a metal tile is a long plastic or metal pipe. The diameter of the device ranges from 30 to 105 mm, the maximum height is 50 cm. The higher the ventilation pipe, the stronger the draft.

The universal device is mounted at a short distance from the roof ridge, no further than half a meter. This allows hot air to freely exit the building outside. Only a small part of the pipe, resistant to gusts of wind, goes upstairs.

The pipe is produced with a protective reflector on the head and is most suitable as an air duct for large sheets of metal tiles. The sheets are stitched together and sealed during installation. The complete set consists of the following ventilation elements:

When planning the design of a ventilated roof, specialists take into account the surface area and slope angles. For a roof area of about 50 square meters with an inclination angle of up to thirty degrees, one ventilation outlet is enough. Slopes that are steep and large may require the passage of additional pipes.

Exits through the metal tile are divided into point ones, which are ventilation fungi, and continuous ones, which are placed along the entire ridge. They are painted in the same color as the metal tile, so they are almost invisible.

Types of ventilation for metal tiles

During the construction of a cottage inside the brick walls, channels are provided that provide a natural influx of fresh air into the building. This system can be supplemented with an aerator, although in most cases it is enough to bring a special pipe to the roof.

Forced ventilation of the roof is of two types and is carried out according to the following schemes:

Roofing. Optimizes the temperature and humidity in the roof gap, prevents dampness. Installation of the ventilation outlet to the roof is carried out using a pipe with a plastic penetration and a deflector that reach the rafters. A ventilated roof constructively solves the problem of loss of thermal insulation and destruction of the wooden parts of the roof.
through. A more expensive type of installation work, involving the arrangement of exits passing through the entire multilayer "roofing pie" into the attic space. For this purpose, holes are drilled, and the tightness is maintained thanks to standard feed-through elements with a diameter of 110 mm or more. Details provide installation of pipes and fans on the roof, equipped with a rubber seal on the inside of the flange. They repeat the profile of the roof and are securely attached to the metal tile. For ventilation under the roof, a deflector is used - a low-pressure fan.

Such a necessary measure as the installation of ventilation on a metal tile does not exceed one tenth of the construction costs, but it saves a lot of money due to a significant extension of the material suitability term. The device is easily mounted on any type of metal tile, allowing you to bring the channels to the roof of the house.

Almost every person who builds a house should know what a ventilated roof is?

It consists of three main ventilation circuits:

ventilation of the space, which is located between the waterproofing layer and the coating, and also covers almost all planes, despite the degree of complexity of the roofs;

ventilation of the space directly under the roof, which is considered one of the elements of the ventilation system of the house;

ventilation of the space located between the waterproofing layer and the insulation, in which stagnant zones are absolutely excluded.

Design and installation of ventilation

For many decades, with the imperfection of technologies and building materials, houses were built that breathed due to brick, wood, window crevices, in doors, masonry, in the crevices between layers of rolled materials - roofing material, glassine, in which all three ventilation circuits were rallied.

As a result of these technologies, the house had constant drafts, increased heating costs, and some restrictions on interior decoration. Quite often, dampness and fungus appeared in some places. Ventilation ducts in the houses were arranged only in the kitchens and bathrooms.

This issue could be solved at a high level by modern building materials for the roof.

Your attention! When designing your home, you should pay special attention to the ventilation system.

For those who want to independently conduct an examination of the project, there are two basic rules for a heat roofer:

Steam always rises

Water always flows down.

The implications of these rules are:

When installing a vapor barrier, there are few overlaps of roofing materials on each other, on load-bearing elements and walls of the structure, the joints are glued with a special tape;

When there is no ventilation inside the room, sometimes even gluing cannot prevent the penetration of moisture into the insulation if the vapor pressure is high. Ventilation allows you to "let steam out of the boiler."

The walls of the house should not “breathe”, since the moisture that lingers in the outer layers of the walls often leads to delamination when it freezes and it easily penetrates the “roofing cake” through the walls.

Tip! You should pay attention to the ventilation of small rooms and spaces.

Installation of vapor barrier should be carried out closer to the interior of the house.

If errors occur during the installation of waterproofing, then it is necessary to dismantle the roofing, correct the errors, and provide access from inside the house to the vapor barrier.

Roof device

Roof ventilation prevents the formation of an ice crust on the ridge and roof ledges.

The influx of fresh air provides a ventilated space, and in the summer, when the roof heats up, the air takes moisture and brings it out. In order for such a system to work well, it is necessary to correctly think over the crate on which the ventilated roof is applied.

In the case when a truss system has already been installed, then it is worth thinking about choosing a roof. If you build spaces such as a garage or warehouse that are not heated, then the ventilation will be natural and the life of that building will be limited by the life of the selected materials.

In order for the building to serve for a long time, it is necessary to arrange forced ventilation and insulate the room.

An uninsulated roof consists of the following elements:

rafters;
crates;
roofing material;
waterproofing films.

The waterproofing film is fixed to the rafters with the help of rails. Even when the roofing is worn, it prevents moisture from getting inside the building and has a long service life.

Such material will be indispensable, even if you build a small country house covered with slate, this film will last more than 50 years.

In private homes, a special "" device is required.

In addition to insulation for ventilation, a diffusion waterproofing film is applied. This film does not allow moisture to pass into the under-roof structures and ensures the passage of steam through the smallest pores of the material.

And also it reliably protects the structure from the wind, having excellent waterproofing properties.

Only when installing gaps between the heat-insulating structure, the roof and the film - good ventilation is ensured by the use of a diffusion film for waterproofing. Otherwise, it will not let water vapor through.

You can use an anti-condensation film for waterproofing.

It will well prevent the formation of condensate and is used for ventilated roofing when using any roofing.

The structure of this material consists of 4 layers:

polypropylene fabric resistant to ultraviolet;
non-woven moisture-absorbing material;
laminated film - 2 layers.

The anti-condensation film protects not only from the penetration of moisture into the room, but also from the accumulation of dust, the formation of soot.

In a ventilated roof, vents are left to achieve a good effect, and holes and ventilated ridges are also equipped in the lower part of the eaves, which well connects the ventilated gaps of the roof with the atmosphere.

The device of a ventilated roof consists of a finishing material and a roof insulation. The steam that leaves the room reaches the insulation, which, absorbing moisture, loses its thermal insulation qualities.

The moisture that has accumulated in the heat-insulating layer mainly penetrates back into the room and appears as drops on the ceiling and walls.

And in the summer it heats up very quickly and the heat gets through the roof structure into the room. To avoid this, for this, a ventilated roof is installed.

To date, the requirements for modern roofing materials are very stringent. They must protect the room from the penetration of moisture into the layer, and if this happens, then contribute to the rapid removal of moisture to the outside.

Therefore, a ventilated roof must be well insulated.