The main features of the geological structure, minerals

Nature can be inexhaustible if people, using it, treat it with care, deeply understand its laws and carefully follow them.

V. I. Lenin

The diversity of the relief of Karachay-Cherkessia is predetermined by the complexity and diversity of the structure. Within the area, deposits of all geological ages from Precambrian to Quaternary can be found. It is useful to recall that at the very beginning of the Mesozoic era (approximately 200-220 million years ago) the Caucasian mountainous country did not exist, on the site of the Caucasus there was the bottom of the Tethys Ocean, which connected the waters of the present Mediterranean and Okhotsk Seas. All water bodies now located between them: the Aegean, Azov, Black, Caspian, Aral Seas, lakes Balkhash and Baikal, according to geologists, were in a single ocean. In subsequent epochs, under the influence of subsidence and uplift of the earth's crust, transgressions and regressions (that is, advance and retreat) of the seas and oceans took place.

Slow oscillatory movements of the earth's crust (epeirogenic) contributed, on the one hand, to the emergence of new seas, and on the other, to the formation of land. As a result, the general connection of the water surface of the giant Tethys ocean was gradually lost; in Siberia, in the Far East, in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, oceanic waters receded, mountains and plains arose; the waves between the Black and Caspian Seas ceased to rage, where a mountainous country grew up, at first not as vast as the present one - the northern plains of the Caucasus and the plains of Transcaucasia remained for a long time the bottom of the sea. Land areas east and northwest of Stavropol were freed from sea waters only one million years ago, and the Caucasian mountainous country acquired its modern landform approximately 20-25 million years ago, during the era of the so-called Alpine folding. Consequently, the Caucasus is a young mountainous country, formed in the last era of mountain building. Of course, in the future, tectonic movements repeatedly took place, which led to the appearance of faults, faults; they were accompanied by intense erosion and denudation processes.

Earthquakes played a certain role; however, within Karachay-Cherkessia, strong, catastrophic earthquakes were not recorded (maximum 7-9 points on a 12-point scale). In the mountains and foothills of the North Caucasus, earthquakes of 1890, 1912, 1946, 1963 and 1978 have been distinguished in the last century. In 1921, an earthquake of 7-9 points was noted in the eastern part of the region. The Caucasus and volcanic activity did not pass. For Elbrus and Kazbek, for example, she was the main reason for their birth. Glaciers and avalanches also played an important role in shaping the relief of the high-mountainous part of the region, but they will be discussed below.

Scientists determine the geological history of the Earth at 3-4 billion years. This time is divided into segments of different age and duration. We give the geochronological scale, since we will repeatedly refer to its terminology and time indicators in this book.

Let us now dwell in somewhat more detail on the main features of the geological history and geological structure of our region. The territory occupied by Karachay-Cherkessia belongs to the northern outskirts of one of the mobile belts of the Earth - the Mediterranean and is a constantly developing zone that has gone through numerous stages of sedimentation and mountain building. Let's consider some of them.

In the pre-Upper Proterozoic time, this entire territory maintained a stable platform regime, without mountain building processes. In the late Proterozoic and early Cambrian, geosynclinal conditions dominated, when, along with the deposition of marine sediments, volcanism took place. This stage ended with an epoch of folding with intrusion (intrusion) into the earth's crust of magma, as well as general uplift. During the late Cambrian and Ordovician periods, there was most likely

The beginning of a new stage of subsidence and accumulation of marine sediments coincides with the early Silurian. Marine deposits of this time are noted throughout the region, with the exception of most of the Main Caucasian Range. This stage continues until the beginning of the Carboniferous period (Carboniferous) inclusive and ends with intensive mountain building. The process of folding and mountain building lasted until the end of the Early Triassic era, gradually shifting from the zone of the Main Range to the north. In the Late Triassic epoch, a transgression of the sea occurred in the western part of the region with the accumulation of sediments.

The beginning of the Jurassic period coincides with the beginning of a new stage in the development of this territory. Almost all of it, with the exception of some sections of the Main Range, is covered by the sea; there was an accumulation of precipitation, manifestations of volcanism were observed. The mode of subsidence prevailing at that time was sometimes disturbed by short-term uplifts. By the beginning of the Late Jurassic, the final uplift of the modern zone of the Main Caucasian Range took place - it was never covered by the sea again. The rest of the region was covered by the sea with short breaks until the end of the Eocene, after which the gradual retreat of the sea to the north began. By the beginning of the Middle Miocene, the sea remained only in the northern part of the territory (to the north of the Adyge-Khabl latitude), and at the beginning of the Upper Miocene, the entire territory of the region became stable land.

Geologically, three zones can be conditionally distinguished in Karachay-Cherkessia, almost coinciding with the previously identified zones in terms of the nature of the surface: 1) the northern one is flat-hilly, where tertiary or very young deposits are mainly developed; 2) middle - foothill (mid-mountain), where a fairly wide strip of rocks of the Cretaceous and Jurassic age occur; 3) southern - the regions of the Lateral and Main Caucasian Ranges, where mainly ancient Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks are distributed. However, in the northern and middle parts of this zone there are also deposits of the Jurassic period, they are known in two depressions located to the north and south of the Bokovoy ridge and named respectively - the North Jurassic and South Jurassic depressions.

The most ancient rocks, Paleozoic, whose age is determined in the range of 600 million - 1 billion years, come to the surface both in the axial part of the Main Caucasian Range and on its northern slopes. These are mainly various crystalline schists formed over many millions of years under the influence of high temperatures and pressures from sedimentary, volcanic and igneous rocks. Manifestations of tungsten-molybdenum and polymetallic mineralization are associated with them. The crystalline schists are cut by numerous granite intrusions, much younger (their age is determined at 310-330 million years); they meet from the upper Bol. Labs in the west to the upper reaches of the Kuban in the east, as well as in the valleys of the Khasaut and Musht rivers in the southeast of the region. Gray granites, whose outcrops are known in the upper reaches of the Kuban (Uchkulan), serve as a good facing material.

A very insignificant distribution of semi-Silurian rocks, their outcrops are noted on the left and right sides of the river valley. Marukhi near Mal. Karabek, on the left bank of the river. Guides, along the river. Kuban, south of the village. Elbrus, in the upper reaches of the river. Hoodes. They are represented by sandstones, argillaceous and siliceous shales, often with remains of the graptolite fauna, rarely lavas of various compositions, in the valley of the river. Khasaut - limestones and phyllites.

A rather narrow strip stretching along the latitude of Zagedan - Arkhyz - Verkh. Teberda - Uchkulan, as well as on the right bank of the river. Teberdy near the village Verkh. Teberda and along the river. Marukh volcanogenic formations of the Lower and Middle Devonian, represented by various lavas and their tuffs with interlayers of jasper-like rocks of various colors with frequent remains of radiolarians, come to the day surface. Manifestations and deposits of copper pyrite ores are confined to these deposits. Overlying sedimentary rocks (sandstones, clay shales, limestones) are constantly associated with volcanogenic formations. In sandstones, prints of ancient terrestrial flora are sometimes found, and in limestones - a variety of marine fauna. Some deposits of building materials (marbled limestones, etc.) are confined to these deposits.

The rocks of the Lower Carboniferous, represented by shales, sandstones, limestones with frequent remains of marine fauna, small layers of lavas, are developed mainly along the river. Bol. Zelenchuk (near Bogoslovka), Marukh (districts of the city of Pastukhov) and stretch in a narrow strip from the sources of the river. Guides in the west to the right sources of the river. Kol-Tubyu in the east. Middle and Upper Carboniferous conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones and mudstones with frequent imprints of various terrestrial plants, with coal seams in some cases are of industrial interest. Outcrops of the Middle and Upper Carboniferous are quite frequent, composing, as a rule, the watersheds of rivers; they stretched out in a wide strip, bounded from the south by the latitude of Arkhyz - Kart-Dzhurt and from the north by the latitude of Bogoslovka - Verkh. Teberda.

The Devonian and Lower Carboniferous rocks are cut through by various intrusions. The largest intrusive arrays of gabbro, diorites and serpentinites come to the surface on the left bank of the river. Bol. Zelenchuk, northern settlement. Arkhyz along the river. Marukhe, in Bol. and Mal. Karabek, along the river. Teberda (on both sides of the valley in the Upper Teberda region). Intrusions of granites and syenites are noted along the river. Marukh near the town of Pastukhov and at the head of the river. Kol-Tubyu.

The rocks of the Permian age are mainly red-colored conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones with rare imprints of terrestrial flora, less often lavas of various compositions and their tuffs. The Permian sediments contain manifestations of copper and mercury. These deposits are most widespread on the watershed of the river. Aksaut and Teberda from the latitude Khasaut - Greek - Nizh. Teberda in the north to the latitude of the mountains. Teberdy in the south. In addition, Permian rocks are noted along the river. Bol. Zelenchuk north of Bogoslovka and in a narrow strip adjacent to the zone of the Main Caucasian Range from Arkhyz to Uchkulan.

In the region of the left sources of the river. Kol-Tyubyu there are isolated outcrops of rocks conditionally attributable to the Triassic Voyapt. They are represented by red-colored conglomerates with limestone pebbles containing the remains of the Upper Permian fauna.

A wide and continuous strip north of the Asian latitude - Nizh. Arkhyz - Marukh and Khasaut - Nizh. Teberda - Khudes and to the foot of the Skalisty Ridge, rocks of the Lower and Middle Jurassic, represented by sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, with horizons of effusive rocks, coal seams in the lower part and limestone in the upper, come to the surface, Lower and Middle Jurassic deposits are developed in the zone of the Main Caucasian Range and are traced in the form of a narrow strip from the upper reaches of the river. Mal, Laby to the source of the river. Teberdy. Limestones of the upper tier (upper part of the deposits) are sometimes associated with polymetallic mineralizations, and single manifestations of bauxites are confined to the rocks of the middle part of the deposits. The youngest, Upper Neogene - Quaternary deposits are predominantly fluvial, alluvial-deluvial and glacial, represented by pebbles, loams, sands, clays, etc.

Glacial deposits are found mainly in the zone of the Main Caucasian Range, the rest are ubiquitous. Many deposits of various building materials are confined to river deposits. The geological structure of the territory, as is known, predetermines the distribution of minerals. We have already shown this in part. Let's add some more information. In the northern, flat zone, the main minerals are non-metallic building materials. On the spurs of the Side Range there are deposits of copper pyrite ores.

On the territory occupied by Karachay-Cherkessia, since the middle of the 19th century, coal has been mined, it is found on the spurs of the Rocky Range and to the south, these are the Humarinskoye, Nizhne-Marinskoye, Tolstobugorskoye, Kyafaro-Bogoslovskoye and Verkhne-Teberdinskoye deposits. The thickness of the layers here is small (40-70 cm). Verkhneteberda smokeless coal is mined in the vicinity of the village of Nizh. Teberda. Deposits of barite and red lead are common on the outskirts of the Biychesyn plateau, the richest is Khudessko-Uchkulanskoye. Barite and red lead are also found on the spurs of the Bokovoy ridge in the upper reaches of the Urup and Marukha. Andesite is being developed near Karachaevsk, and granite is being developed in the upper reaches of the Kuban. There are also reserves of pumice and quartzites. In the river basin Teberdy discovered large deposits of marble of several varieties (black, white, pink, etc.), its development is carried out on the western spur of the Köndenlenle ridge and at the mouth of the river. Guides. Marble and granite from Karachay-Cherkessia were used in the lining of Moscow metro stations and in the construction of structures intended for the Olympics-80.

Let us also mention the deposits of refractory clays near the village. Uchkeken and st. Krasnogorsk, suitable for the manufacture of ceramic products. You can also name individual outcrops of granite, antimony, bauxite, arsenic, tellurium, and various jaspers. Mineral springs should also be referred to minerals; There are about 200 of them in the region. They will be discussed in more detail in another chapter.

-- Not selected -- Azov. Azov Historical, Archaeological and Paleontological Museum-Reserve Aikhal. Geological Museum of the Amakinsk Exploration Expedition of AK ALROSA Aldan. Aldangeology. Geological Museum Alexandrov. Geological Museum VNIISIMS Anadyr. Museum Center "Heritage of Chukotka" Anadyr. Chukotnatural resources. Geological Museum Angarsk. Angarsk Museum of Minerals Apatity. Geological Museum of Apatity. Museum of Geology and Mineralogy named after I.V. Belkova Arkhangelsk. Arkhangelsk Regional Museum of Local Lore Arkhangelsk. Geological Museum named after Academician N.P. Laverov NArFU Bagdarin. Geological Museum of the village. Bagdarin Barnaul. Geological Museum Barnaul. Museum "World of Stone" Barnaul. Museum of Mineralogy Belgorod. Belgorod State Museum of History and Local Lore Birobidzhan. Museum of Natural Resources Birobidzhan. Regional Museum of Local Lore of the Jewish Autonomous Region Blagoveshchensk. Amurgeology. Collection (museum) fund Blagoveshchensk. Amur Regional Museum of Local Lore. G.S. Novikov-Daursky Veliky Ustyug. Veliky Ustyug State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve Vladivostok. Geological and mineralogical museum of FEGI Vladivostok. Geological and Mineralogical Museum. A.I. Kozlova Vladivostok. Collection (museum) fund Vladivostok. Primorsky State United Museum. V.K.Arsenyeva Vologda. Geological Museum Volsk. Volsky Museum of Local Lore in Vorkuta. Geological Museum Voronezh. Geological Museum Gorno-Altaisk. National Museum of the Republic of Altai named after A.V. Anokhina Gubkin. Museum of the History of KMA Dalnegorsk. Museum and Exhibition Center of Dalnegorsk Yekaterinburg. Geological Museum Lyceum No. 130 Yekaterinburg. Historical and Mineralogical Museum Yekaterinburg. Ural Geological Museum Yekaterinburg. Ural Mineralogical Museum V.A. Pelepenko Essentuki. Department of Natural Resources for the North Caucasus region. Geological Museum Zarechny. Museum of mineralogy, stone-cutting and jewelry art Izhevsk. National Museum of the Udmurt Republic Irkutsk. Geological Museum of the Irkutsk State (Classical) University Irkutsk. Geological Museum. Sosnovgeologiya. Irkutsk. Geological and mineralogical museum of State Nature Reserve "Baikalkvartssamotsvety" Irkutsk. Irkutsk Regional Museum of Local Lore Irkutsk. Mineralogical Museum. A.V. Sidorova Irkutsk. Museum of the Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS Irkutsk. Museum of the Irkutsk Geological Prospecting College Irkutsk. Museum of Mineral Resources of the Irkutsk Region Irkutsk. Scientific and educational geological museum Kazan. Geological Museum. A.A. Shtukenberg Kazan. National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan Kaliningrad. Kaliningrad Amber Museum Kaliningrad. Museum of the World Ocean Kamensk-Uralsky. Geological Museum. Academician A.E. Fersman Kemerovo. Kuznetsk Geological Museum Kyiv. Geological Museum of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv. Mineralogical Museum (Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation named after M.P. Semenenko of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) Kyiv. Mineralogical Museum UkrGGRI (Ukrainian State Geological Prospecting Institute) Kyiv. National Science and Natural History Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kirovsk. Museum and Exhibition Center JSC "Apatit" Kotelnich. Kotelnich Paleontological Museum Krasnodar. Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve. E.D. Felitsyna Krasnokamensk. Mineralogical Museum. B.N. Khomentovsky Krasnoturinsk. Fedorovsky Geological Museum Krasnoyarsk. Museum of Geology of Central Siberia Krasnoyarsk. Museum of Geology of Central Siberia (GEOS) Kudymkar. Komi-Permyatsky Museum of Local Lore P.I. Subbotina-Permyak Kungur. Museum of local lore of the city of Kungur Kursk. Kursk State Regional Museum of Local Lore Kyakhta. Kyakhta Museum of Local Lore. Academician V.A. Obruchev Listvyanka. Baikal Museum of the Institute of Science and Technology Center of the SB RAS Lukhovitsy. Geological Museum Lviv. Mineralogical Museum named after Academician Yevgeny Lazarenko Magadan. Geological Museum of the Magadan branch of FGU Magadan. Museum of Natural History SVKNII FEB RAS Magnitogorsk. Geological Museum of Moscow State Technical University. G.I. Nosova Magnitogorsk. Magnitogorsk Local Lore Museum Maikop. Geological and mineralogical museum Mama. Local lore suzey of the department of culture of the administration of the Mamsko-Chuysky district of Miass. Natural Science Museum of the Ilmensky Reserve Mirny. Museum of Kimberlites of AK "ALROSA" D.I.Savrasova Monchegorsk. Monchegorsk Museum of Colored Stone V.N. Come on Moscow. Diamond fund. Gokhran of Russia. Moscow. Geological Museum of the Central Region of Russia. P.A. Gerasimov Moscow. Geological Museum. V.V. Ershov MSGU Moscow. Geological and Mineralogical Museum of the Russian State Agrarian University K.A. Timiryazeva Moscow. State Geological Museum. IN AND. Vernadsky Moscow. Mineralogical Museum MGRI-RGGRU Moscow. Mineralogical Museum. A.E. Fersman RAS Moscow. Museum "Gems" Moscow. Museum of the Russian Center for Micropaleontological Reference Collections Moscow. Museum of Extraterrestrial Matter Moscow. Museum of Natural History of Moscow and Central Russia Moscow. Museum of Earth Science, Moscow State University. Museum of uranium ores JSC "VNIIKhT" Moscow. Museum Lithoteca VIMS Moscow. Paleontological Museum. Yu.A.Orlova Moscow. Ore-petrographic museum of IGEM RAS Murzinka. Murzinsky Mineralogical Museum named after A.I. A.E. Fersman Murmansk. Murmansk regional museum of local lore in Mytishchi. Geological and Mineralogical Museum. V.I. Zubova MGOU Nalchik. National Museum of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic Nizhny Novgorod. Geological Museum JSC "Volgageology" Nizhny Novgorod. Nizhny Novgorod State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve Nizhny Tagil. Nizhny Tagil Museum-Reserve "Gornozavodskoy Ural" Novokuznetsk. Geological Museum (Exhibition Hall) of the Kemerovo branch of the Federal State Institution "TFGI in the Siberian Federal District" Novorossiysk. Novorossiysk State Historical Museum-Reserve Novosibirsk. Geological Museum of Novosibirsk State University. Geological Museum SNIIGGiMS Novosibirsk. Central Siberian Geological Museum Novocherkassk. Geological Museum Novocherkassk. Geological Museum - Geological office of SRSPU (NPI) Omsk. Omsk State Museum of Local History Orenburg. Interdepartmental Geological Museum of the Orenburg Region Orsk. Geological Museum Partizansk. Geological Museum of Perm. Mineralogical Museum of the Perm University Perm. Museum of the "Perm system" Perm. Museum of Paleontology and Historical Geology. B.K. Polenova Petrozavodsk. Museum of Precambrian Geology Petrozavodsk. Department of Natural Heritage of Karelia Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Kamchatgeology. Geological Museum of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Museum of Volcanology IViS FEB RAS Pitkyaranta. Local Lore Museum. VF Sebina Priozersk. Museum-fortress "Korela" Revda. Local Lore Museum of the Lovozero Mining and Processing Plant Revda. Museum-cabinet of geology for children on the border of Europe - Asia Rostov-on-Don. Mineralogical and petrographic museum of SFU Samara. Samara Regional Museum of History and Local Lore. P.V. Alabina St. Petersburg. "Russian State Museum of the Arctic and Antarctic" St. Petersburg. Geological Museum VNIIOkeangeologiya St. Petersburg. Mining Museum St. Petersburg. Mineralogical Museum of St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg. Museum of Petroleum Geology and Paleontology St. Petersburg. Paleontological Museum St. Petersburg. Paleontological and Stratigraphic Museum St. Petersburg. Territorial Fund of Geological Information for the Northwestern Federal District. Geological Museum St. Petersburg. Central Research Geological Prospecting Museum. Academician F.N. Chernysheva (TsNIGR MUSEUM) Saranpaul. Museum of quartz Saransk. Museum of Mineralogy Saratov. Saratov Regional Museum of Local Lore Svirsk. Arsenic Museum Sevastopol. Sevastopol Stone Museum Severouralsk. Museum "Original cabinet" Simferopol. Geological Museum. N. Andrusova (Crimean Federal University) Slyudyanka. Private mineralogical museum-estate of V.A. Zhigalov "Gems of Baikal" Smolensk. Natural History Museum of Sortavala. Regional Museum of Northern Ladoga Syktyvkar. Geological Museum. A.A. Chernova Syktyvkar. National Museum of the Republic of Komi Tver. Museum of Geology of Natural Resources of the Tver Region Teberda. Museum of minerals, ores, gems "Amazing in stone" Tomsk. Geological Museum of Tomsk. Mineralogical Museum of TPU Tomsk. Mineralogical Museum. I.K.Bazhenova Tomsk. Paleontological Museum. V.A. Khakhlov Tula. Federal fund of standards of ores of strategic types of mineral raw materials. Tyumen. Museum of Geology, Oil and Gas (branch of the Tyumen Regional Museum of Local Lore named after I.Ya. Slovtsov) Tyumen. Museum of the History of Science and Technology of the Trans-Urals Ulan-Ude. Geological Museum of PGO "Buryatgeologiya" Ulan-Ude. Museum of the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ulan-Ude. Museum of Nature of Buryatia Ulyanovsk. Museum of Natural History Umba. Amethyst Museum Ufa. Museum of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Bashkortostan Ukhta. Ukhtaneftegazgeology. Geological Museum of Ukhta. Educational Geological Museum. A.Ya.Kremsa Khabarovsk. State Museum of the Far East. N.I. Grodekova Kharkiv. Museum of Nature KhNU Khoroshev (Volodarsk-Volynsky). Museum of Precious and Decorative Stones. Cheboksary. Geological Museum of Cheboksary. Chuvash National Museum Chelyabinsk. Chelyabinsk Geological Museum Cherepovets. Museum of Nature of the Cherepovets Museum Association Chita. Geological and mineralogical museum of Chita. Chita Regional Museum of Local Lore named after A.K. Kuznetsova Egvekinot. Egvekinot Museum of Local Lore Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Geological Museum Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Sakhalin State Regional Museum of Local Lore Yakutsk. Geological Museum (IGABM SB RAS) Yakutsk. Geological Museum State Unitary Enterprise "Sakhageoinform" Yakutsk. Mineralogical Museum of NEFU M.K. Ammosova Yakutsk. Mammoth Museum Yaroslavl. Geological Museum. Professor A.N. Ivanova Yaroslavl. Museum of Scientific Continental Drilling of Deep and Superdeep Wells

STATE AND USE OF THE MINERAL AND RAW MATERIAL BASE OF THE KARACHAYEV-CIRCASSIAN REPUBLIC

General information

The Karachay-Cherkess Republic is part of the Southern Federal District (SFD) of the Russian Federation

Territory: 14.3 thousand km2.

Population: 427.2 thousand people – 01.01.09

The administrative center is the city of Cherkessk (116.733 thousand people) (according to the materials of the site: http://www.*****/bgd/regl/b09_109/Main.htm)

Location map of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic President

Department of Subsoil Use in the Ministry of Property, Land Relations and Subsoil Use - Head of Department, KChR, 9.

Tel. (878-22)5-40-22,

Address: KChR, 3, Government House

Head of the Department for Subsoil Use in the KChR - , tel /, e-mail: *****@***ru; *****@***com KCHR, 7

Sectoral structure of production in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic in 2009. (data in percent)

There are 4 cities and 11 urban-type settlements, 140 rural settlements in the republic. The leading sectors of the economy are agriculture and industry, which is dominated by mining and processing industries. The republic has a developed network of motor roads; a railway line reaches Ust-Dzheguta station. Coniferous and mixed forests are widespread in the southwestern part of the territory. 80% of the area of ​​the republic is occupied by mountains up to 4700m high. Almost the entire high-mountainous part of the republic is a protected area, in which there are many sports and resort facilities.

2. Condition and use of the mineral resource base

Limestones

SE "Teberda"

Mineral water

No data

No data

Fresh underground water

66.2 thousand m3/day

No data

No data

No data

Thermal water

5.32 thousand m3/day

No data

No data

No data

The main enterprises providing geological study and

reproduction of SMEs on the territory of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic

Company name

Supervisor

Phone, fax, e-mail

Main activity profile

FGUGP "Kavkazgidrogeologiya"

Stavropol region, Zheleznovodsk, pos. Inozemtsevo, st. Highway, 207

f 4-48-39, e-mail

Regional, prospecting and exploration hydrogeological works

369000 KChR, 09

f. (8782), e-mail: *****@***ru

Search and exploration of minerals

State Research and Production Enterprise "Hydrogeoecology"

369000 KCHR, 7a

Hydrogeological research and monitoring

Licensing activities . As of October 1, 2009, there were 41 valid licenses in the republic. Of these, by deposits: precious metals in total - 2, including 1 - for prospecting and appraisal work, 1 - for exploration and exploitation on the terms of entrepreneurial risk; other solid minerals in total - 19, including 1 - for prospecting and appraisal work, 7 - for exploration and exploitation under conditions of entrepreneurial risk, 11 - for exploitation; groundwater in total - 16, including fresh water in total - 7, all - for operation; mineral deposits in total - 9, of which 3 - for exploration and exploitation on the terms of entrepreneurial risk, 6 - for exploitation; other licenses - 3; others - 1.

3. Prospects for expanding the mineral resource base

In the republic, it is possible to discover non-traditional types of minerals, which are raw materials for the production of mineral fibers, refractories, porcelain, high-strength crushed stone, facing stone, and abrasives. Manifestations of such minerals on the territory of the republic are known, but they require further geological and technological study and delineation. With the development of work on in-depth study of the material composition, structural position and technological properties of rocks in the region, it is quite likely that new types of deposits will be discovered.

Forecast fresh groundwater resources - 2.5 thousand m3 / day.

4. Main problems in the reproduction and use of SMEs and ways to solve them

Problems: 1. Lack of assessment of the resource potential of highly liquid (gold, silver) and scarce (lead, zinc, tungsten) minerals, fuel and energy and hydro-mineral raw materials.

2. Non-involvement in the exploitation of some explored deposits of copper and tungsten, as well as a number of solid minerals, such as refractory clays, feldspar raw materials and others that have investment prospects.

3. Lack of demand for high-quality fresh groundwater deposits.

4. Poor knowledge of endogenous (seismicity, volcanism) and exogenous (mudflows, landslides, etc.) dangerous geological processes.

Problem Solving Ways: 1. Evaluation of the possibility of using the technology of hydrometallurgical processing for the development of small copper pyrite deposits explored in the republic.

(regional work and for solid minerals).

Exploration objects

cost, million rubles

Prospecting for gold on Mariinskaya Square

Exploration work for kaolin clays in the Tarakul-Tube area

Monitoring of hydrogeodeformational, geophysical and gashydrogeochemical fields in seismically hazardous areas of the Southern Federal District

Conducting state monitoring of the state of the subsoil of the territory of the Southern Federal District in the years.

Identification of promising areas for non-ferrous metals and gold within the metallogenic zones of the North Caucasus according to geochemical data

Determination of the main conditions for the development of deposits of solid minerals of the unallocated subsoil fund of the Southern Federal District

APRIL 8. KChR. In the field of subsoil use of Karachay-Cherkessia, over the past three years, a positive trend has been maintained in increasing the volume of mining, in particular, gypsum and limestone, which indicates the activity of the business sector even in a crisis economy.

Today, in the small hall of the Government House of the republican capital, the final meeting of the Ministry of Property and Land Relations of the KChR was held, where the results of the past 2015 were discussed.

First of all, last year, the department in the field of subsoil use focused on the involvement of new deposits in circulation, with the aim of rational efficient use of the resource potential of the republic.

As of the beginning of 2016, the republican list of subsoil plots of local importance includes 75 sites with common minerals and 34 sites containing fresh groundwater.

In 2015, the Ministry issued 12 licenses for the right to use subsoil based on the approved lists of subsoil plots of local importance. The dynamics of their issuance over the past three years has increased significantly, the maximum value was set in 2014, however, despite the difficult economic situation, the number of permits issued last year is higher than the average for the past three years. This factor testifies to the interest on the part of entrepreneurs and the intensification of their activities in this direction, especially in the context of a shortage of promising explored areas.

In order to develop the mineral resource base at the expense of subsoil users, reserves of andesitic porphyrites with a volume of more than 18 million cubic meters were explored and put on the territorial state balance sheet. meters and 680 thousand cubic meters. meters of boulder-sand-gravel mixture, which will increase the taxable base in the future and, accordingly, bring more revenue to the regional budget.

According to the analysis of the volumes of extraction of solid minerals and groundwater in the past year, there is an upward trend in this indicator compared to the previous period for a number of types of minerals. Thus, despite the increase in taxes, an increase in gypsum production by 22%, limestone - by 2.2 times, metamorphic rocks by 20% was recorded. This positive trend has been maintained over the past three years, despite the increase in extraction taxes.

"The reverse side of the active mining process is the fact that the rational use and protection of subsoil must take into account the need to preserve geological natural monuments located on the territory of the republic. At present, there is no certification of geological natural monuments of regional significance, which can lead to the irreparable loss of such objects," - Radmir Agirbov, First Deputy Minister of Property and Land Relations of the KChR, noted during the final board.

Among other things, one of the priorities of the regional ministry is to improve the efficiency of management of state property and their involvement in economic circulation, improve the quality of their accounting. In the field of property relations, the department's employees are primarily aimed at identifying inefficiently used real estate and their further transfer to small businesses.

The Federal Agency for Subsoil Use has announced a tender for geological exploration to search for gold at the Uchkulan ore field in Karachay-Cherkessia. How much gold is contained in the bowels of the KChR is not exactly known. A few years ago, the figure was 500 tons. However, later experts came to the conclusion that gold reserves in the republic are much more modest.

For investors, the Birch occurrence of ore gold, located on the border of Karachay-Cherkessia and the Krasnodar Territory, is also of undoubted interest. It is located on the watershed from which flows the Golden Key River, a tributary of the Beskes River, and the Hatsavita River. Recent studies have shown that a thick layer with gold deposits lies here.

This object remains poorly studied, so it will be included in the licensing program on the terms of entrepreneurial risk, the Rosnedra reported.

The lower Datulankol deposit, as it turned out, is also of industrial interest. Gold reserves in it are estimated at 23 tons with a content of 2.1 grams per ton. But when the boundaries of the federal Dautsky reserve were changed, this object fell into a specially protected area. Therefore, it is impossible to extract gold here.

The development of gold-bearing sites in the republic is not currently underway, although a license for their development has been issued to a subsoil user, - Yury Karnaukh, head of the subsoil use department for the KChR, told an RG correspondent. - Mining of gold and silver in the republic is carried out only in one place: at the copper deposit in the Urup region. But this is not a direct extraction of precious metals, but associated mining from copper pyrite ores. The work is carried out at the mines of the local mining and processing plant. One ton of copper ore from the Urup deposit contains 2.4 grams of gold and 37 grams of silver.

Mining has been going on since 1968. Currently, 450 kilograms of gold and 7.7 tons of silver are mined from the bowels together with ore per year. However, only 55 percent of precious metals are recovered during enrichment. The rest goes to waste. Technologies for the extraction of solid minerals are constantly being improved. Experts do not exclude that in the near future there will be a way to cost-effectively recycle production waste. If such a method is found, then the Urupsky site will turn into a man-made deposit.

Placer gold was mined on many mountain rivers of the North Caucasus in the 30-40s of the last century. Mining was carried out by miners, using, as they said then, muscular strength. The richest in gold were the small mountain rivers of Karachay-Cherkessia: Beskes, Rozhkao, Vlasenchikha, Kizilchuk, Gilyach and some others. A nugget weighing almost a kilogram was found on the Vlasenchikha River. This is a record find, which has not yet been surpassed.

In total, from 1933 to 1950, 1286 kilograms of gold were extracted in the North Caucasus, of which 832 kilograms - in Karachay-Cherkessia. In 1950, the country's leadership decided to stop artisanal gold mining, since the accounting in artels was kept poorly and half of the gold was stolen. Purchase prices were reduced fourfold, which made non-commercial (mining) mining unprofitable. In 1952, the last mine in the village of Rozhkao was closed.

The steep mountainous relief of the Caucasus is unfavorable for the formation of placers. Therefore, small volumes of placer gold content do not necessarily indicate the insignificance of primary sources of gold in placers, - Yuri Karnaukh noted. - Primary deposits of ore gold can be large, but when they are washed away by rivers, gold enters steep watercourses and spreads without forming accumulations called placers. At the same time, gold particles quickly wear out, because gold is a soft metal.

The primary sources of the so-called ore gold with reserves that make it possible to establish industrial production were not found in the Caucasus. For investors, the ore was of interest only if the content of the yellow metal in it exceeded five grams per ton. There are no such sites in the NCFD. However, today, areas with a low content of useful components may also be of practical interest. Including the only deposit of indigenous gold "Lesnoye" in the KChR.

A quarter of a century ago, a technological revolution took place in gold mining, thanks to which it became possible to make a profit in the development of even poor deposits, - said Yury Karnaukh. - A cheap way to extract gold from ore was developed - the heap leaching method. The ore is crushed to the state of crushed stone, laid out in the form of long piles resembling railway embankments, and for a long time (for months) they are irrigated with solutions of special solvents or solutions of special bacteria circulating in a circle. Gold goes into solution, from which it is no longer difficult to extract. Since the technology is low-cost, it has become possible to process rather poor ores, with a gold content of only 1-2 grams per ton.

But such ores, as it turned out, are in Karachay-Cherkessia. The first such object was the Lesnoye ore occurrence. Experts estimated its forecast resources at 20 tons with an average content of 1.6 grams per ton. It should be noted that gold deposits with reserves of more than five tons are classified as large. A license has been issued for the study and further development of this manifestation.

The subsoil user carried out a retest of the previously passed workings. The gold content was determined more reliably than before - by assay. As a result, the estimated gold resources have been increased, and now they are estimated at 30 tons. However, the investor had difficulties in attracting financial resources to continue the study and development of the deposit. The work was suspended.

If exploration of the deposit is not started in 2013, the license may be prematurely terminated, the Rosnedra reported.

Geologists hope for good luck. This is the nature of their profession. And with luck, Karachay-Cherkessia will become a new gold-bearing province. There are prerequisites for this, - Yuri Karnaukh stressed.

Note

In the North Caucasian Federal District, in addition to Karachay-Cherkessia, gold deposits have been found in North Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria and Dagestan. In Kabardino-Balkaria, gold and silver are sought at the Kardan-Kusparta ore cluster, between the Musht and Malka rivers. There is no active mining anywhere. It is possible that only small artels work, but they prefer not to report on their activities.

Gold is also found in the Rostov region and Adygea. On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, the possibilities of associated mining of small and fine gold during the development of deposits of sand and gravel mixtures have been identified. But these resources are extremely limited.

Geological exploration in the gold ore areas of southern Russia has been going on for many years. The search for the precious metal is carried out in potential gold-bearing areas in Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia and North Ossetia.

By the way,

According to the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, in Karachay-Cherkessia, three mineral deposits are among the strategically important. These are Urupskoe (copper and gold mining), Pskentskoe (uranium) and Khudesskoe (cobalt).

Rg.ru