Rhododendron (Rhododendron) is a member of the Heather family. This genus is represented by shrubs and trees, which are deciduous, semi-deciduous and evergreen. According to various sources, this genus unites 800–1300 species, including azaleas, which are very popular with flower growers, they are also called “indoor rhododendron”. The name of this plant includes 2 words: "rhodon", which translates as "rose" and "dendron" - meaning "tree". In this regard, rhododendron means "tree with roses", or "rose tree". The fact is that the flowers of azaleas are outwardly similar to roses. In the wild, rhododendrons are most widespread in the Northern Hemisphere (in South China, the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, Japan and North America). They prefer to grow in the coastal zone of the seas, rivers and oceans, on the northern slopes of the mountains and in the partial shade of the undergrowth. Some species reach a height of 0.3 m, while others are creeping shrubs. Flowers of various species of this genus differ from each other not only in color, but also in shape and size. For example, the largest flowers in diameter can reach 0.2 m, while the smallest ones are just tiny in size. To date, there are approximately 3 thousand varieties, forms and varieties of garden rhododendron.
Garden rhododendron is a shrub. Different species may differ from each other in the size and shape of leaf plates, which are biennial, annual and perennial, petiolate or sessile, alternate, serrate or entire, obovate or ovoid. This plant enjoys relatively great popularity in all countries of the world due to its decorative foliage, as well as beautiful flowers that are part of racemose or corymbose inflorescences, which look like amazingly beautiful bouquets. Flowers can be pink, purple, white, red or lilac. The shape of the flowers directly depends on the type and variety of the plant and is funnel-shaped, tubular, bell-shaped or wheel-shaped. In some species, the flowers have a pleasant smell. The fruit is a five-leaved multi-seeded box, inside of which there are two-millimeter seeds. The superficial compact root system of this culture consists of a large number of fibrous roots. Due to the fact that the root system is superficial, rhododendron transplantation is quite easy, and the plant tolerates it well. This shrub is considered an excellent early spring honey plant.
Choice of time and place of landing
In mid-latitudes, it is recommended to cultivate only those types of rhododendron that are highly frost-resistant. You can plant a plant in open soil from April to the second half of May, and also in September-November. Experienced gardeners are engaged in planting rhododendron throughout the entire growing season, with the exception of the flowering time of such a shrub, and this should not be done for 7-15 days after flowering.
For planting, you should choose a shaded area located on the north side of the building. The soil should be well-drained, loose, high in humus and acidic. If at the site the depth of groundwater is less than 100 cm, then for planting this shrub you will have to make a raised bed. Rhododendron can be planted next to trees such as oak, pine, larch, as their root system goes deep. This shrub is not recommended to be planted next to chestnut, maple, elm, linden, alder, willow and poplar, because their root systems are at the same depth as that of rhododendron, so the latter will lack the necessary amount of nutrients and moisture. If the rhododendron still has to be planted next to one of the listed trees, then the edges of the planting hole will need to be protected by digging slate, roofing material or polyethylene into the soil. The best neighbors for this crop are pear and apple.
Prepare a hole for planting, so its depth should be about 0.4 m, and its diameter should be about 0.6 m. buckets of riding peat. It should be thoroughly mixed. Then the soil mixture poured into the pit must be thoroughly compacted. After that, a hole is made in it, the size of which should be equal to the size of the root ball of the planted plant. Immediately before planting, the seedling must be immersed in a container filled with water. And it is necessary to pull it out only after air bubbles stop coming to the surface of the water. After that, the root system must be placed in the hole, which is filled with soil mixture, it must be very well compacted, so that there are no voids. In a planted seedling, the root neck should be flush with the surface of the site. Planted plants need abundant watering. If the rhododendron was planted in dry soil, then the abundance of watering should be such that the earth gets wet to a depth of 20 centimeters. Then the surface of the trunk circle should be covered with a layer of mulch (oak leaves, pine needles, peat or moss), while its thickness should be 50–60 mm. If there are a large number of buds on the seedling, then a part must be cut off, in which case the plant's forces will be directed to rooting, and not to lush flowering.
If only one bush of rhododendron is planted on a spacious plot, then the wind can shake the seedling. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to install a support, while tilting it towards the direction of the most often blowing winds. Then the planted plant is tied to the support. After the plant has taken root, the support can be removed if desired.
Rhododendron needs good care. It must be sprayed in a timely manner, watered, fed, weeded, shaped trimmed, and, if necessary, protected from pests and diseases. It is impossible to loosen or dig the surface of the soil under the bushes due to the superficial location of the plant's root system. Weeding must be carried out manually; it is strictly forbidden to use a chopper for these purposes.
The level of atmospheric and soil moisture is especially important for this culture compared to other garden plants, especially during budding and flowering. It is very important to water the rhododendron correctly, because it has a significant impact on the laying of flower buds for the next season. It is necessary to water the plant only with soft water (settled or rain). Some gardeners soften and also acidify water very simply, for this they mix it with high-moor peat 24 hours before watering, you need to take a few handfuls. By the condition of the leaf plates, you can determine how often a given shrub should be watered. The plant needs watering if the foliage becomes dull and loses turgor. During irrigation, the earth should be saturated to a depth of 20 to 30 centimeters. But when watering, it is also very important that liquid does not stagnate in the soil, since the root system reacts extremely negatively to this. With stagnant water, the rhododendron behaves in exactly the same way as with a lack of moisture, namely, the leaf plates curl up and fall. In order to avoid waterlogging, it is necessary to water the shrub in the dry hot period as always, but it must be moistened quite often from a sprayer using soft water.
Since bushes most often have a naturally regular shape, there is no need for strong formative pruning. As a rule, the plant needs pruning if the shrub has become excessively tall, if a rejuvenating pruning is needed, or if frost-damaged stems need to be cut.
What are the rules for pruning an adult shrub? Pruning of the stems is carried out in the spring, and you need to have time before the sap flow begins. Sections on branches, the thickness of which is from 20 to 40 mm, must be coated with garden pitch. The awakening of dormant buds on the stems begins after 4 weeks, at the same time the renewal process begins, which lasts throughout the year. If the shrub is very badly damaged by frost or old, then it should be shortened to 0.3–0.4 meters, while one half of the bush is cut off in the first year, and the second half the next.
These plants have one very important feature. So, in one year their flowering and fruiting is distinguished by its abundance, while the next year it bears fruit and blooms much more poorly. However, this frequency can be corrected. To do this, after flowering is over, break out all faded inflorescences. In this case, the shrub will direct all the saved forces and nutrients to the laying of flower buds for the next season.
Feeding rhododendron
Even shrubs planted in the current season need to be fed. For the first time in a season, the plant is fed at the beginning of the spring period, while the last time is at the end of July, when the plant fades and the growth of young stems begins. Experts recommend using liquid fertilizers to feed this crop, which should include horn meal and semi-rotted cow dung. To prepare such a fertilizer, manure should be combined with water in a ratio of 1:15, then it should be infused for several days, only after that they can be fed with shrubs. Before feeding the rhododendron, it must be well watered.
Such plants need acidic soil, in connection with this, mineral fertilizers should be chosen that do not disturb the reaction of the environment. So, it is recommended to use superphosphate, phosphate, nitrate and potassium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium, while taking them in a low concentration (1.2: 1000). And the solution of potash fertilizers should be even weaker.
- at the beginning of spring, organic matter or mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen are applied, while 50 grams of magnesium sulfate and the same amount of ammonium sulfate are taken per 1 square meter of the plot;
- in the first days of June, when the plant fades, 20 grams of potassium sulfate and superphosphate, as well as 40 grams of ammonium sulfate, are added per 1 square meter of the plot;
- the third time the rhododendron is fed in July, while 20 grams of potassium sulfate and superphosphate are taken per 1 square meter of the plot.
Most often, mealybugs, scale insects, spider mites, bugs, weevils, rhododendron flies, as well as slugs and snails settle on this shrub. When gastropods appear on the bushes, they should be collected manually, and for preventive purposes, the plant is sprayed with a solution of the fungicidal drug Tirama or TMTD (8%).
If rhododendron bugs, spider mites or weevils settled on the rhododendron, then it must be sprayed with Diazinon. At the same time, in case of damage by weevils, not only the bush is processed, but also the surface of the earth near it. In order to get rid of the rest of the pests, use Karbofos, while you need to follow the instructions given in the instructions.
Most often, such a plant suffers from fungal diseases, for example: cancer, rust, chlorosis or leaf spot. Most often, such diseases develop as a result of insufficient aeration of the root system. In case of damage by rust and spotting, the bush must be sprayed with copper-containing preparations, for example, Bordeaux mixture. In case of chlorosis, the bush changes its color to yellow, in this case, iron chelate must be poured into the water for irrigation. If the rhododendron is sick with cancer, then the affected stems must either be cut to healthy tissue, or completely removed. For prevention purposes, at the beginning of the spring period and in late autumn, the bushes should be sprayed with a Bordeaux mixture.
Reproduction of rhododendron
This plant can be propagated by seeds or vegetative methods: layering, grafting, dividing the bush and cuttings. The fastest and easiest way to propagate such a plant is by layering.
For sowing seeds, bowls are used, which are filled with moistened peat or heather soil mixed with sand (3: 1). After the seeds are sown, they are sprinkled with sand on top, which must be washed. The top of the container must be covered with glass, and then they are transferred to a well-lit place. Crops must be watered in a timely manner, ventilated every day, and condensate must be regularly removed from the glass surface. As a rule, the first seedlings appear after 30 days. When the seedlings form a pair of true leaf plates, they will need to be seated more freely using the 2x3 cm scheme. When transplanting, seedlings should be buried along the cotyledons, this will allow the formation of a strong root system. Seedlings in the first year of life must be grown in a cool greenhouse. In the second year, the seedlings should be transplanted into open soil in training beds with garden soil mixed with a small amount of peat and sand. Such seedlings are characterized by relatively slow growth. Their first flowering can be seen only for 6-8 years.
Cuttings are also a rather complicated method of propagation. Semi-lignified stems are used for harvesting cuttings. The length of the cuttings can vary from 50 to 80 mm. The lower leaf plates from the cut cuttings should be cut off. In this case, the lower sections must be immersed in a solution of a root growth stimulating agent (for example, heteroauxin) for 12–16 hours. For rooting, the cuttings are planted in a substrate consisting of sand and peat (1: 3). Then the container from above must be covered with a transparent dome. Rooting cuttings is a long and difficult process. Thus, the rooting of evergreen species lasts from 3 to 4.5 months, and deciduous species - 6 weeks. For growing, cuttings are planted in boxes filled with a substrate consisting of pine needles and peat (1: 2). During the winter period, the cuttings should be in a well-lit and cool (from 8 to 12 degrees) room. With the onset of spring, a box with cuttings should be dug in the garden. There they will grow for another 1 or 2 years, only after that the cuttings can be transplanted to a permanent place.
Branches
The easiest and most natural method of propagation of this culture is the instillation of layering. In spring, a low-growing young flexible shoot should be chosen, it must be bent down and placed in a prepared groove, the depth of which should be at least 15 centimeters. The middle part of the stem must be fixed in the groove by pinning it. Next, the groove is filled with garden soil, connected to peat. The top of the stem remaining on the surface must be tied to a vertically mounted peg. When watering the bush itself, one should not forget to moisten and layering. In autumn or with the onset of the next spring, the cuttings must be cut off from the parent plant and planted in a permanent place. This method is great for propagating deciduous rhododendron.
Autumn Care
If there is a drought in autumn, then the rhododendron will need regular abundant watering, so 10–12 liters of water should be poured under 1 bush. If systematic rains are observed in autumn, then such plants do not need to be watered. In November, the shrub root system should be insulated; for this, the surface of the near-stem circle must be mulched with a layer of peat.
Wintering
If the rhododendron is grown in mid-latitudes, then after the first frost, the bushes should be insulated. To do this, pine or spruce branches are thrust between the branches of the plant, and the shrub itself is pulled together a little with twine. Then it should be covered with burlap. The bags should be removed from the plants in early spring after the snow cover has melted, and a cloudy day is chosen for this. If the rhododendron is cultivated in a region with a fairly warm climate, then it does not need shelter for the winter.
Types and varieties of rhododendrons with photos and names
There are a very large number of types of rhododendron. Below will be described those species that are cultivated by gardeners, as well as the most popular garden varieties.
Daurian rhododendron (Rhododendron dahuricum)
Under natural conditions, this species is found on rocks and in coniferous forests of Northeast China, Eastern Siberia, Primorsky Krai, Korea and Northern Mongolia. This medium-sized evergreen shrub is highly branched, its height can vary from 200 to 400 cm. The color of the bark is gray. The branches are directed upwards. Brown-red thin shoots closer to the tips have pubescence, which is a short pile. The length of small leathery sheet plates is about 30 mm, their front surface is smooth, and the wrong side is scaly. The color of young leaves is pale green, and over time they become dark green, in autumn they turn green-red or brown. In winter, only a small part of the foliage flies around. Flowering is quite lush and lasts about 20 days. The flowers open before the leaves open. They are large, funnel-shaped, pink-purple in color, and reach 40 mm in diameter. In autumn, repeated flowering is sometimes observed. This species is highly resistant to frost, and it also propagates well with green cuttings. There are 2 varieties:
- evergreen form - the color of the foliage is dark green, and the flowers are lilac-purple;
- garden early hybrid - this undersized plant blooms very luxuriantly, flowers in diameter reach 50 mm, they open very early and are painted in rich red-blue color, this form is less frost-resistant compared to the main species.
Rhododendron Adams (Rhododendron adamsii)
This evergreen shrub grows on rocky slopes and in the mountain forests of the Far East, as well as the northeastern foothills of Tibet. The height of a branched bush can reach up to 50 cm. On the surface of the shoots there is pubescence, consisting of a glandular pile. Matte dense green leaf plates have an oblong-elliptical shape in length and width, they can reach about 20 mm. Their front surface is bare, and on the wrong side there are scales, which is why it has a red color. The corymbs consist of 7-15 flowers, reaching 15 mm in diameter, they are painted in various shades of pink. This species is included in the Red Book of Buryatia.
Japanese rhododendron (Rhododendron japonicum)
The homeland of this species is Japan, or rather, the island of Honshu, where it prefers to grow on sunny mountains. This species is one of the most beautiful deciduous rhododendrons. The height of a branched shrub can reach up to 200 cm. The stems are bare or there are silver bristles on their surface. The green leaf plate has an oblong-lanceolate shape, both on the front and on the wrong surface there is soft pubescence. In autumn, the foliage turns red-orange. The brushes consist of 6–12 fragrant bell-shaped flowers, reaching 80 mm in diameter and having a red-scarlet or orange color. Of all the species grown in the middle latitudes, this species is the most beautiful. It has high frost resistance, and also reproduces well by seed and cuttings.
Caucasian rhododendron (Rhododendron caucasicum)
In nature, this species is found in the Caucasus. This not very tall shrub is evergreen, its branches are creeping. Leathery dark green leaf plates, located on fairly thick long petioles, have an oblong-oval shape. Their front surface is bare, and the wrong side is felt-red. On hairy peduncles there are brushes consisting of 8-10 fragrant flowers, having a funnel-bell-shaped shape and a pale green color, inside the throat there are green spots. Decorative forms:
- pink-white - flowering begins earlier than the main species;
- brilliant - the color of the flowers is dark pink;
- golden yellow - on the surface of yellow flowers there is a pale green speck;
- straw yellow - light red spots are located on the surface of yellow flowers.
Also, gardeners cultivate such species as: Albrecht's rhododendron, Atlantic, Vazeya, unflowered, tree-like, yellow, hard-haired, western, golden, Indian, Kamchatka, Canadian, Caroline, Carpathian, carpal, sticky, short-fruited, reddening, largest, large-leaved, ketevbinsky , Lapland, Ledebour, small-leaved, marigold, sea buckthorn, pointed, dense, Pontic, attractive, pukkhansky, rusty, evenly tall, pink, Sichotinsky, plum-leaved, obtuse, rooting, yakushimansky, etc.
This includes hybrids and variety forms that are cultivated by gardeners. The hybrid rhododendron is a garden rhododendron. The most popular are the following varieties:
- German cultivar Alfred. This variety was obtained by crossing the Ketevbinsky rhododendron with the Everestina variety. This evergreen shrub reaches a height of 1.2 m. The crown diameter is approximately 150 cm. Glossy dark green leaf plates have an oblong-elliptical shape. Dense inflorescences consist of 15-20 flowers of a rich purple color, which have a green-yellow spot, reaching 60 mm in diameter.
- Variety Blue Peter. It was bred by crossing the Pontic rhododendron. The bush reaches a height of more than 150 cm. The spreading crown has a diameter of about 200 cm. The lavender-blue flowers reach 60 mm in diameter, they have a corrugated edge, and a spot of dark purple color is located on the upper petal.
- jacksons. This English hybrid was obtained by crossing the Caucasian rhododendron and the Nobleanum variety. The height of the shrub is about 200 cm, and its crown reaches about 300 cm in diameter. There is a stunted form, the height of which does not exceed 0.8 m. The oblong leathery leaf plates have a matte green front surface and a brown back. Inflorescences consist of 8-12 flowers, which are painted pink during the opening process, then it changes to white, while a yellow-white speck forms on one of the petals.
- Rose Marie. A Czech variety obtained by crossing the magnificent rhododendron and the Pink Pearl variety. The shrub reaches a height of 1.2 m, and the crown diameter is 150 cm. The leathery leaf plates have an oblong-elliptical shape, they have a wax coating on the greenish front surface, and the wrong side is green-blue, shiny. Along the edges, the flowers are painted in a pale pink color, which, towards the middle, is replaced by a deep pink with a purple tint. Compact inflorescences of spherical shape consist of 6-14 flowers.
- Nova Zembla. This Dutch hybrid was bred by crossing the Ketevbinsky rhododendron and the Persone Gloriosum variety. The height of the shrub is about 300 centimeters, and the loose crown in girth reaches about 350 cm. The stems grow almost vertically. Leathery glossy leaf plates are quite large. Dense inflorescences consist of 10-12 large flowers, reaching 60 mm in diameter, they are painted red and have a black speck.
- Cunningham. This Scottish cultivar is a very popular variety of Caucasian rhododendron. The height of the bush is about 200 cm, and the crown in diameter reaches 150 cm. The length of the dark green leathery oblong leaf plates is about 60 mm, and the width is 30 mm. Dense inflorescences consist of 10 white flowers, on the surface of which there is a yellow spot.
Many non-professional gardeners, having seen a chic rhododendron in the picture, decide to decorate their garden plot with it at all costs. However, in most cases, having bought and planted a coveted bush on his site, the gardener notices that his rhododendron is not as beautiful as expected, and besides, he gradually withers and dies. Therefore, most gardeners are wondering if it is possible to successfully cultivate such a heat-loving shrub in the Moscow region? And in general, is it possible to grow such a plant in unusual middle latitudes for it? If everything is done correctly, then this is quite possible.
First of all, you should choose the right variety that can survive the rather frosty winter months. The fact is that heat-loving species and varieties, even if they are very well covered, will still freeze out in winter. Deciduous species are very well suited for growing in such conditions: Japanese, yellow, Schlippenbach, Vazeya, Canadian, Kamchatka, Pukhansky rhododendron. From semi-evergreens, you can choose Ledebour's rhododendron. For cultivation in mid-latitudes from evergreen species, the Katevbinsky rhododendron is suitable (and also its hybrids Alfred, Abraham Lincoln, Nova Zembla, Cunningham White), also short-fruited, golden, largest rhododendrons and Smirnov's rhododendron and its hybrids Gabriel, Dorothy Swift, Laika. Quite winter-hardy varieties Elvira, The Hague, Mikkeli have been relatively recently obtained by Finnish breeders. The Northern Light hybrids Rosie Lights, Pink Lights, Spicy Lights and others also tolerate the harsh winter of mid-latitudes.
It is not enough to buy a suitable seedling, it must also be planted correctly:
- Landing is carried out in the spring. The site should be in partial shade, and the distance between the seedling and any other plant should be at least 100 cm.
- For planting, it is recommended to buy a special soil mixture. If desired, it can be done at home, for this you will need needles, garden soil and peat. It is necessary to introduce complex mineral fertilizer into the soil.
- The size of the planting hole should be a couple of times larger than the container in which the plant is located. If the soil is clayey, then at the bottom of the hole you will need to make a good drainage layer of broken brick, the thickness of which should be about 15 centimeters.
- After planting, the root collar of the plant should be at the same level as in the container.
- The planted plant needs abundant watering.
Caring for a rhododendron cultivated in mid-latitudes should be almost the same as for those plants that are grown in regions with a milder climate. However, there are still several differences. Care rules:
- For planting, use acidic humus soil. In those places where the roots will absorb nutrients, there should not be wood ash, dolomite, lime and other additives that can alkalize the soil.
- The surface of the trunk circle must be covered with a layer of mulch without fail. This is especially important because, due to the horizontal roots, loosening and digging the soil near the plant is prohibited.
- In spring, the shrub must be protected from the scorching rays of the sun. For this, gauze, mesh or fabric is suitable.
- It is very important to choose the right watering regimen. This plant should receive as much moisture as it needs. In the dry hot period in summer, the shrub should be watered 2 times in 7 days. If rainy and fairly warm weather is observed in autumn, then young shoots begin to grow near the bushes, but they die before they mature in winter. To prevent such activation of stem growth, the bush should be treated from a fine spray with a solution of monophosphate or potassium sulfate (1%) and do it on a dry day. This will lead to a suspension of growth, as well as stimulation of woody stems and laying flower buds for the next season. After the shrub has been processed, all watering must be stopped, even if drought and heat are observed.
Rhododendron is a very beautiful plant, and it also has healing properties that have been used for many years both in official and alternative medicine. The Dahurian, Golden, Adams, Caucasian rhododendron species include andromedotoxin, ericoline, arbutin and rhododendrin. The composition of the foliage includes ascorbic acid, while in summer its concentration in the plant is the highest. Thanks to the substances included in the composition of such a plant, it is distinguished by analgesic, sedative, antipyretic, antibacterial and diaphoretic effects. It is also able to remove excess fluid from the body, eliminate swelling, shortness of breath, frequent heartbeat, increase cardiac activity, and also reduce venous and arterial pressure.
But it should not be assumed that this plant is absolutely harmless. Products based on rhododendron should not be used by people suffering from serious kidney disease and tissue necrosis, as well as pregnant and breastfeeding women. It is also recommended that before taking such a remedy for the first time, consult with a specialist.
Rhododendron ... Spelling Dictionary
- (Greek, from rhodon rose, and dendron tree). A rosaceous plant that has several species, some of which grow in Asia Minor, others in the Alpine and Altai mountains; we keep in rooms and greenhouses. Dictionary of foreign words included in ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
- (Rhododendron), a genus of plants of the family. heather. Evergreen or deciduous shrubs, rarely trees. The flowers are large, often bright, in corymbose or umbellate inflorescences, rarely solitary. St. 600 (according to other sources, up to 1300) species, Ch. arr. in… … Biological encyclopedic dictionary
RHODODENDRON, a genus of shrubs or small trees (heather family). Over 600 species, mainly in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere (mainly in the mountains of East Asia and North America), including 18 species in the Far ... ... Modern Encyclopedia
Genus of shrubs or small trees of the heather family. St. 600 species, mainly in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere (mainly in the mountains of East Asia and North America), including the Far East, Siberia, and the Caucasus. Many types… Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Rhododendrin, wild rosemary, azalea, azalea, maralnik Dictionary of Russian synonyms. rhododendron n., number of synonyms: 6 azalea (6) ... Synonym dictionary
- [de], rhododendron, husband. (from Greek rhodon rose and dendron tree) (bot.). A shrub plant from the heather family with dense leaves and beautiful flowers, growing in mountainous areas and bred as an ornamental plant. Dictionary … Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
- [de], ah, husband. Shrub or small tree. heather with dense leaves and large beautiful flowers, bred as an ornamental. | adj. rhododendrous, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
- (Rhododenron L.) generic name of plants from the heather family (Ericaceae). Up to 200 species are known growing on the mountains of Europe, America, Asia, mainly in the Himalayan mountains and the Malay Islands. These are small trees or shrubs, with annual ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
rhododendron- and outdated rhododendron. Pronounced [rhododendron] ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian
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Literally, the name of this plant is translated as "pink tree". According to its external data and many varieties, it is in no way inferior to the queen of flowers. We are talking about a handsome man with an interesting name - rhododendron. What kind of flower is this, and what are the features of its cultivation? What types of it exist, and in what climatic conditions they can be grown - all this in our today's review.
Rhododendron flowers
Rhododendron: what kind of flower is it
Rhododendron belongs to the Heather family. External data may differ depending on the variety and type. Common features are large flowers collected in inflorescences or brushes. Rare specimens have small single flowers.
Leaves can differ not only in size, but also in shape, which is presented in a wide variety of variations. Flowers are bisexual. Inflorescences are in the form of brushes or umbrellas. The color has a very rich range. After flowering is completed, fruits are formed: five folded boxes in which the seeds are located.
In some species, a rhododendron flower (there is a photo in this article) can reach a diameter of twenty centimeters. Thanks to this amazing quality, each inflorescence looks like a separate bouquet and, after cutting, can retain its magnificent appearance for a long time.
The height of the rhododendron bush varies depending on the species from ten centimeters to ten meters. Their root system is very compact and close to the surface, so young plants develop rather slowly.
The plant looks great in landscape design Where is the rhododendron found?
What is a rhododendron is now clear, but where does it grow? The natural habitat for rhododendrons are humid highlands, as well as forests and swampy areas. The plant is most widespread in the northern hemisphere, namely:
- in Greenland;
- in Alaska;
- on the island of Java;
- in China;
- in Japan;
- in the Alps;
- in the Himalayas.
In the southern part, rhododendrons are also found, but the places of their natural growth are:
- New Guinea;
- Australia.
In our country, the most favorable climatic conditions for this plant are in the Far East, as well as in the highlands of the Caucasus.
Rhododendron in the highlands Chemical composition
The chemical composition of rhododendron is very interesting. It contains a huge amount of tannins. In addition, the plant is an excellent honey plant, some species have healing properties. However, with all these positive qualities, many rhododendrons are poisonous. They contain neurotoxins that can first excite the nervous system, and then gradually begin to depress it.
Rhododendron contains a lot of useful components:
- ericoline;
- manganese;
- aluminum;
- essential oil;
- hydroquinone;
- copper;
- barium;
- flavonoids;
- silver.
It will be just great if there is some kind of reservoir near the chosen landing site. Otherwise, you will have to spray until the very beginning of flowering.
An excellent neighbor for rhododendron is pine. She shelters him from direct sunlight, and her root system in no way interferes with the growth and development of the bush. But undesirable neighbors are: linden, alder, willow, maple and birch.
Rhododendron seedling Rhododendrons: planting and care in the open field
It is quite difficult to grow rhododendrons. Planting and caring for these plants in the open field requires a lot of effort and patience. To plant a shrub, the first step is to dig a hole about half a meter deep. The width will depend on the size of the root system of the seedling. Drainage must be laid at the bottom, since the roots are highly sensitive to excess moisture. They quickly rot, which leads to the death of the plant.
The soil should be chosen acidic, loose, with good breathability. In no case should wood ash or other components that have an alkaline reaction be added to the soil. Mineral fertilizers are selected without the content of chlorine and calcium in them.
Before planting, the soil seedling is abundantly moistened with a solution of a growth stimulator. These actions are carried out at least 10 hours before disembarkation. You can plant rhododendrons from spring to late autumn.
Young rhododendron in the open field Planting rhododendrons in the suburbs and caring for them
When planting, do not deepen the root neck too much. The final step is mulching. As a mulch, pine bark or needles are best suited. It is not worth loosening the soil in the future, since the roots of the shrub located close to the surface can be damaged.
You can grow rhododendrons in the suburbs. Planting and caring for them will not differ in any way from the one described above.
With proper care, the plant will delight with abundant flowering.
How to cover a rhododendron for the winter
Winter frosts and cold can kill the rhododendron. Leaving in the fall and preparing for the winter of this shrub is a very crucial moment. First of all, the roots are insulated. Peat or dry fallen leaves, which are laid in a layer of 15 centimeters, can serve as a protective layer.
What is the best way to cover a rhododendron for the winter? Arcs are installed above the shrub for the winter. Subsequently, covering material is stretched over them. As soon as the temperature drops significantly and reaches minus 10 degrees, a layer of a thick film spreads over this, and then it is fixed from above with more arcs. If possible, all this is covered with a layer of snow. Shelter of rhododendron for the winter in the Moscow region is carried out according to the same scheme, but taking into account the humidity of the climate and the variability of weather conditions. At any time, you need to be able to check the condition of the bush.
As a rule, winter shelters are made by all flower growers who grow rhododendrons on their site. Frost-resistant varieties (photos are presented in this article), of course, exist, but even they cannot withstand the harsh conditions of certain regions.
The process of sheltering a bush reproduction
Rhododendron can reproduce in several ways:
- cuttings;
- layering;
- seeds;
- division of the bush.
The seed method is practically not used, because it takes a very long time and requires a lot of labor and patience. Cuttings are carried out in early summer. It is necessary to cut the required number of cuttings, remove the lower leaves from them and leave them in a container with a solution of a root growth stimulator for a day. After that, the branches are planted in the prepared substrate and covered with glass jars. Place seedlings in a bright room with a temperature of at least 25 degrees. Three months later, young plants form a root system, and by spring they will be ready for planting in open ground.
sprigs of rhododendron Disease and pest control
Rhododendron, with proper care, is little exposed to diseases. But in case of violation of the recommended growth conditions, the plant may develop rust, spotting, as well as chlorosis. In this case, the affected parts of the shrub are removed, and it is treated with a fungicide solution.
Garden snails, slugs, which often annoy the rhododendron, must be regularly collected and destroyed. But when pests such as spider mites, weevil or scale insects appear, insecticide treatment will be required.
An example of rhododendron disease Pruning and feeding
When watering rhododendron with ordinary water, it is recommended to acidify it. They do this so that over time the shrub does not lose its decorative effect. Citric acid or table vinegar is used as an acidifier.
Shrub dressing is carried out extremely rarely. Complex fertilizer is applied in early spring, and then after flowering is completed. Also in the spring, you can add rotted manure to the top layer of soil.
Pruning scheme for a rhododendron bush To maintain decorativeness and form a dense beautiful crown in the fall, the rhododendron is pruned. Extra shoots are removed altogether, and the remaining length is reduced by a third. This technique contributes to lush flowering in the next season. But in the spring pruning is highly undesirable.
Thanks
The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!
Rhododendron- This is a genus of plants of the Heather family, numbering at least 800 species of artisanal and tree-like plants, distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, from the tundra to the tropical zone. More than 20 species of rhododendron grow on the territory of the Russian Federation, most of them in Siberia and the Far East.Translated from the Latin Rhododendron means "tree of roses". This name was given to the plant by the British botanist Joseph Hooker.
Rhododendron is popular in oriental medicine, in particular in the medicine of the peoples of Tibet. In folk medicine, this plant is used as an antifungal, anti-inflammatory, tonic, diuretic and bactericidal agent. In addition, the healing properties of rhododendron in cardiovascular diseases are widely known.
Not all types of rhododendron have medicinal properties. Most often, four species are used as medicinal plants, the properties of which will be described below. It:
- Rhododendron golden;
- Caucasian rhododendron;
- Sagan-dayla (Adams' rhododendron);
- Dahurian rhododendron.
Rhododendron in spring - photo
golden rhododendron
Dahurian rhododendron
Caucasian rhododendron
Rhododendron Adams
golden rhododendron
Latin: Rhododendron aureumplant description
Rhododendron golden is an evergreen shrub reaching a height of 0.8 m. The trunk and branches are covered with dark brown bark. The branches hang low over the soil, strongly curved.The leaves of the shrub are dense, leathery, short-petiolate, alternate, entire, oval or ovoid. Each leaf reaches a length of 35 - 70 mm, a width of 10 - 25 mm.
The flowers are quite large, yellow, collected in 5-10 pieces in umbrellas at the ends of the branches.
The fruit is a five-celled elongated box, inside which many small seeds are formed.
Golden rhododendron grows in Western, Eastern Siberia and the Far East.
It grows on the slopes of mountains, in stony placers, in alpine tundra, at the edge of the forest.
Beneficial features
In folk, traditional medicine and homeopathy, the leaves, flowers and stems of the plant are used.All medicinal types of rhododendrons have approximately the same properties. However, each type has certain advantages. In particular, golden rhododendron and preparations based on it effectively help with heart failure, general or local circulatory disorders, and increased venous pressure. Golden rhododendron has a diuretic effect, stimulates blood circulation, removes excess fluid from the body, relieves shortness of breath, and stabilizes the function of the heart muscle. In addition, this type of rhododendron has pronounced antibacterial properties, and effectively fights such common pathogenic bacteria as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, as well as a wide range of intestinal microorganisms. It has also been found that golden rhododendron is effective in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and throat (stomatitis, gingivitis, tonsillitis).
Dahurian rhododendron (ledum)
Latin: Rhododendron dauricumplant description
Dahurian rhododendron is a perennial (more than 50 years) evergreen or deciduous shrub belonging to the genus Rhododendron, the Heather family. Reaches a height of 2 m.The species got its name from Dauria - a land in the Far East inhabited by the Daur people. In Russia, it has long been called Ledum, although the official name Ledum is another plant of the heather genus.
The shrub of the Dahurian rhododendron strongly branches, the branches are directed upwards. The number of branches reaches 20-40 pieces.
The leaves are elongated, oval, small in size (2-4 cm long, up to 1 cm wide), the edges are bent. The front side of the leaf is smooth, dark green, the back is covered with scales, has a brownish tint. The leaves on the shrub appear towards the end of the flowering period.
The flowering period of the Daurian rhododendron falls in the middle of spring, and lasts about two weeks.
At the ends of the shoots from 1-3 buds, large funnel-shaped flowers appear with pink, pink-lilac or white petals. The size of the flower in diameter is no more than 4 cm. Rhododendron flowers have a strong intoxicating aroma.
The fruit is an elongated oval capsule with numerous seeds. Ripens in late summer - early autumn (August - September).
It grows naturally in Eastern Siberia, the Far East, in the northeastern regions of China, as well as in Mongolia and the Korean Peninsula.
It occurs wild in coniferous and oak forests. It grows mainly on rocky soil and on mountain slopes.
Beneficial features
Daurian rhododendron has the same positive properties as other medicinal types of rhododendron. However, there are a number of positive properties due to which it stands out from the general series:- Daurian rhododendron has a positive effect on the work of the heart. It has a calming effect on the heart muscle, relieves heart palpitations.
- Eliminates shortness of breath.
- Enhances cardiac activity.
- Removing excess fluid from the body, rhododendron eliminates edema.
- In hypertensive patients, Dahurian rhododendron preparations effectively reduce pressure.
Rhododendron Adams (Sagan-Dali, Sagan-Daila)
Latin: Rhododendron adamsiiplant description
Dali sagaan (sagan-dali, sagan-dayla, Adams' rhododendron) is an evergreen shrub of the genus Rhododendron. An ancient legend says that the warriors who won the battle stuck their spears into the soil of the Sayan Mountains to fill it with strength. Later, grass appeared on the slopes of the Sayans, which gave people energy and health.The shrub reaches a height of 50 cm. The branches are splayed in different directions.
The leaves are elongated, oval in shape, 1-2 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, hard, naked on the front side, dark green, yellowish on the back, covered with scales.
The flowers are pink or light pink, up to 15 mm in diameter, form large corymbose inflorescences of 7-15 flowers.
The fruit is a five-leaved box in which many seeds are formed. Ripens by mid-autumn.
The flowering period is from June to August.
The plant is listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Buryatia.
Rhododendron Adams is found in the mountains of Eastern Siberia, in the Far East, on Sakhalin Island, and also in the northeast of Tibet.
Prefers moist rocky soils. Demanding on air humidity.
The plant has a pleasant aroma.
Beneficial features
The culture of using sagan-daily dates back thousands of years. Traditionally, it is consumed in the form of tea.Rhododendron Adams is a powerful stimulant.
In Tibet, Adams' rhododendron bears the name "herb that prolongs life." And, apparently, not in vain - the grass increases the energy tone, fills a person with strength. Sagan-dailya increases efficiency and endurance, as well as potency in men. Also, this wonderful herb increases mental performance, improves concentration and even improves mood. In addition, it affects sleep - a person gets enough sleep in a shorter time.
In addition to the above, Rhododendron Adams has a number of healing properties:
- normalizes metabolic processes in the body;
- strengthens the immune system;
- suppresses pathogenic microflora in the gastrointestinal tract;
- increases the body's resistance to pain, stress and climate change;
- regulates the function of the heart, strengthens blood vessels, reduces their permeability;
- reduces irritability and fatigue;
- relieves headache;
- stabilizes pressure;
- cleanses the respiratory tract and kidneys, promotes the dissolution of kidney stones;
- cures a hangover.
With regular use, sagan daily has a rejuvenating effect and prevents early aging of the body.
To prepare traditional tea from sagan-daily, 3-5 leaves and stems of the plant are put in 200 ml of boiling water.
special instructions
When using Adams rhododendron, care should be taken to avoid overdose, the symptoms of which are headache and hypertension. In general, sagan-dali is a powerful energy stimulator, and requires a competent approach. With its daily use after a month, you should take a break for 2-4 weeks, since the continuous use of the plant can cause addiction and destabilize the immune system.Caucasian rhododendron (alpine rose)
Latin: Rhododendron caucasicumplant description
Caucasian rhododendron is an evergreen shrub of the genus Rhododendron.It grows up to one and a half meters in height. The stem is covered with dark brown bark.
The leaves are elongated-elliptical, covered with short yellow villi on the back.
The flowers form umbrellas. The petals are white, light cream and light pink.
The fruit is an oblong capsule with many seeds.
In the wild, it is found only in the Caucasus (Greater and Lesser Caucasus), as well as in the adjacent regions of Turkey.
Beneficial features
Caucasian rhododendron has established itself as a valuable medicinal plant in the treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. It also shows positive properties in rheumatic diseases. In general, the Caucasian rhododendron exhibits the same medicinal properties as other medicinal types of rhododendrons.Azalea
Azalea is the collective name for some species of rhododendron that have beautiful flowers. The Latin word Azalea, which refers to a plant, translates as "dry". Most types of azaleas are thin and bony, especially after the leaves have fallen, which confirms their name. Recently, the name "azalea" means rhododendrons grown indoors - at room conditions, in greenhouses, etc.
Collection and storage of rhododendron leaves
The main medicinal raw material of rhododendron is its leaves. Rhododendron leaves, harvested for medicinal purposes, can be collected in June, July and August. However, the flowering period is considered the best time to collect them. Collection is done manually. Dry the leaves in the shade, with good ventilation, stirring occasionally.The leaves of the shrub of the 2nd and 3rd year of life have the greatest benefit, since at this time they are rich in substances that cause the healing effect of the plant.
Compound
Medicinal properties of rhododendrons are determined by their chemical composition. The following are the main beneficial substances that make up the leaves and flowers of golden rhododendron, Caucasian rhododendron, Daurian rhododendron, etc.:- Rhododendrin;
- Rutin;
- Arbutin;
- Andromedotoxin;
- Tannins (including gallic acid);
- Vitamin C;
- Fructose;
- Essential oils;
- Phytoncides, etc.
Vitamin C
- Neutralizes free radicals;
- regulates redox reactions in the body;
- participates in sugar metabolism;
- participates in the process of hemocoagulation;
- stimulates tissue regeneration;
- increases immunity;
- strengthens blood vessels, reduces their permeability, etc.
Rutin
Rutin, contained in the leaves of rhododendron, is one of the flavonoids belonging to the vitamin P group. It has a number of special properties:- reduces the permeability of blood vessels;
- stimulates the absorption of ascorbic acid, enhances its effect;
- increases the resistance of the immune system to infectious agents;
- has an anti-inflammatory effect;
- lowers blood pressure;
- exhibits diuretic properties;
- stimulates the adrenal cortex;
- reduces the severity of a number of pathological symptoms of allergy, incl. asthmatic diseases;
- reduces the level of "bad cholesterol" in the blood;
- prevents bleeding.
Fructose
Rhododendron petals contain a valuable carbohydrate - fructose. Fructose has a number of valuable properties for the body:- Has a tonic effect. Quickly replenishes glycogen (reserve carbohydrate) in the liver, and thus contributes to the most rapid recovery of the body, increases its performance, both physical and mental.
- The use of fructose helps to strengthen the immune system.
- Adding fructose to a child's diet significantly reduces the likelihood of developing caries and diathesis.
- Compared to glucose, the hormone insulin is needed in a much smaller volume for the absorption of fructose. Therefore, this carbohydrate is usually included in the diet of diabetics.
- In addition, scientists have proven that fructose accelerates the breakdown of ethanol in the blood, and also helps cleanse the liver of a number of other toxins.
Arbutin (Ericolin, Arbutoside)
Arbutin is an organic compound, a phenol glycoside. Shows antiseptic properties. Due to the antiseptic properties of arbutin, rhododendron, like other plants containing this substance, is used in the treatment of bladder diseases. This is because approximately 3/4 of the arbutin that enters the digestive tract is excreted through the kidneys and urinary tract.Arbutin has the ability to inhibit the formation of melanin in the skin. Therefore, it is included in some cosmetic products for skin lightening.
There are conflicting opinions among scientists regarding the effect of arbutin on the likelihood of developing cancer. According to some reports, arbutin increases the risk of developing tumor pathologies. At the same time, some scientists are of the opinion that this glycoside, on the contrary, reduces the likelihood of developing oncology. However, to date, there are no research results that reliably prove the carcinogenic properties of arbutin preparations.
Andromedotoxin
Andromedotoxin is a toxic organic compound found in rhododendrons, and is characterized by a selective effect on nerve cells. This substance has an intoxicating and paralyzing effect, disrupting the function of cell receptors. In addition, this glycoside provokes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the body. The action of andromedotoxin on nerve cells consists of two successive phases: first, it excites the brain and the central nervous system as a whole, and then depresses their functions. Andromedotoxin is a powerful toxin, its overdose is fatal. Therefore, rhododendron cannot be used uncontrollably, it should be strictly dosed, especially when taken orally.Andromedotoxin is found not only in the leaves, but also in the flowers and in the nectar of the plant. Therefore, rhododendron honey should be used with caution so as not to cause poisoning.
essential oil of rhododendron
Rhododendrons contain a number of common components in the composition of essential oils. Among them: a-pinene, camphene, p-pinene, p-myrcene, p-cymene, limonene, bornylacetate, a-copaene, caryophyllene, humulene, y-murolene, a-murolene, y-cadinene, 5-cadinene.The essential oil of rhododendron has found application in medicine due to its bactericidal properties. In particular, it effectively destroys the bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis group and thus helps in the cure of tuberculosis.
The essential oil of rhododendron is widely used in the manufacture of perfumes. It is also known to reduce skin irritation when added to shaving lotion.
Rhododendrin
Rhododendrin is a glycoside found in rhododendron leaves. In terms of its effect on the human body, it is similar to cardiac glycosides. It has a cardiotonic and antiarrhythmic effect. Thanks to this substance, preparations based on rhododendron leaves are used in the treatment of heart failure, arrhythmia and other cardiovascular diseases.Gallic acid
Gallic acid is an organic acid that neutralizes free radicals in the body, thus slowing down the aging of the body and reducing the risk of developing cancer.Properties of rhododendron
- Tonic;
- General strengthening;
- bactericidal;
- Antipyretic;
- diaphoretic;
- Detoxification;
- Painkiller;
- diaphoretic;
- sedative, etc.
What diseases does rhododendron treat?
Rhododendron preparations, when used correctly, help to cure or improve the condition of the following diseases:- cardiovascular insufficiency;
- dyspnea;
- tachycardia;
- edema;
- increased venous pressure;
- vegetative-vascular dystonia;
- fever;
- headache;
- insomnia;
- irritability;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea);
- rheumatism;
- radiculitis;
- polyarthritis;
- neuralgic pains;
- wounds, ulcers;
- boils, carbuncles;
- dermatitis;
- chronic colitis;
- stomatitis, gingivitis, tonsillitis;
- infections (staphylococcus, streptococcus, intestinal infections).
Treatment with rhododendron
Rhododendron leaves
The leaves of rhododendron are the main medicinal raw material of the plant, and the range of their use covers all diseases and conditions for which rhododendron preparations are recommended. In folk medicine, rhododendron leaves are considered an effective remedy for diseases of the heart and blood vessels, as well as for rheumatism, chronic colitis, colds, vegetative-vascular dystonia, epilepsy and other diseases.Rhododendron flowers
In folk medicine, rhododendron flowers are considered an effective remedy for tachycardia, venous congestion, edema, and high blood pressure.Petals of Dahurian rhododendron flowers can be eaten. They have a sweet taste and pleasant aroma. Usually they are added to salads, or make jam.
Rhododendron in folk medicine
On the basis of flowers, leaves and stems of rhododendron, various preparations are prepared that are effective for a variety of diseases. Infusion of golden rhododendron
Infusion of golden rhododendron leaves is used for the following pathologies:- fever;
- epileptic seizures;
- migraine;
- insomnia;
- irritability, nervousness;
- diseases of the digestive tract (including diarrhea);
- rheumatism, arthritis.
Infusion of golden rhododendron exhibits antibacterial properties, effectively fighting pathogenic intestinal microflora (E. coli, shigella, salmonella). In addition, the agent exhibits bactericidal properties against streptococcus, staphylococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Recipe:
Brew one teaspoon of dry crushed leaves of the plant in 200 ml of boiling water, and insist in a thermos for no more than two hours. Then strain and drink 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day. According to some recommendations, the infusion should be drunk warm.
Decoction of golden rhododendron leaves (ingestion, compresses, baths)
The famous botanist Johann Gmelin claimed that a decoction of golden rhododendron leaves relieves fatigue and muscle pain during long journeys.Recipe:
Pour 0.5 g of dry crushed leaves of the plant with a glass of boiling water in an enamel bowl, then put on low heat, cover and cook for 10-15 minutes. After that, insist the broth under the lid for at least 10 minutes, and strain. The drug is taken orally 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day. Also, this decoction is widely used as an external agent.
Outwardly, decoction of the plant is washed with infected wounds, ulcers. Also, the decoction is effective as a rinse for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the mouth and throat (stomatitis, tonsillitis, etc.).
Both infusion and decoction of the plant are used in the form of compresses and lotions for a number of skin pathologies - furunculosis, dermatitis and carbuncles.
Golden rhododendron tincture
Recipe:Fill a fifth of the volume of a glass jar with dry crushed leaves of the plant, and fill it to the top with 40% vodka. Insist in a dark place for 15 days. Take 10-15 drops, dissolving the tincture in water (100-150 ml).
In persons suffering from insufficiency of the heart and blood vessels, tincture of golden rhododendron stimulates blood flow and normalizes the function of the heart muscle.
Externally, the infusion is used in the form of foot baths. Such baths, especially in combination with infusion inside, help with heart diseases (heart failure, heart palpitations, bradycardia, etc.).
Infusion of the leaves of the Caucasian rhododendron
Dry crushed leaves of Caucasian rhododendron in the amount of 2 g pour a glass of boiling water and leave for a quarter of an hour, then filter. Drink three times a day for 1 tsp.Taking this infusion helps to normalize sleep, relieves irritability, migraines, convulsions, PMS symptoms.
Tincture of leaves and flowers of Caucasian rhododendron
Finely chop the leaves and flowers of rhododendron in the amount of 20 grams, pour a glass of 40% vodka, insist in a place protected from light for two weeks, then filter. Tincture is consumed 2-3 times a day, 20-25 drops, dissolving in 100-150 ml of water.This tincture helps with shortness of breath, tachycardia, venous congestion, edema, high blood pressure.
Infusion of Daurian rhododendron leaves
Brew one teaspoon of dry crushed leaves of Daurian rhododendron in 250 ml of boiling water, let it brew. Drink 3-4 times a day for a teaspoon.This infusion is recommended for intoxication, inflammation of the mucous membrane, migraines. The remedy helps to remove excess fluid from the body, relieves swelling, eliminates shortness of breath, and evens out the heart rhythm.
Infusion of Rhododendron Adams (Sagan-daily) leaves
Brew one teaspoon of dry crushed leaves of sagan-daily grass in a liter of boiling water, leave for 30-40 minutes, then filter. Use an infusion of 200 ml per day before meals, divided into three doses.This infusion has a good sedative effect.
Infusion of leaves and flowers of Rhododendron Adams
Boil 2 g of dry chopped sagan-daily grass in a thermos with 250 ml of boiling water, insist for two hours, then strain through cheesecloth. Infusion drink 1 tbsp. 2 - 3 times a day.Juice from Dahurian rhododendron petals
The juice from the petals of Daurian rhododendron is mixed with cow's cream, and is used in the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers, as well as for the healing of ulcers with thrombophlebitis and non-healing wounds.Caucasian rhododendron: useful properties and scope; making tea from Caucasian rhododendron - video
Rhododendron (azalea) honey
People love rhododendrons for their beautiful flowers. However, many are afraid to try rhododendron honey, explaining this by rumors about its toxicity. And it's true, honey of certain varieties of rhododendron can be poisoned. However, not every rhododendron honey is toxic. The Greek historian Xenophon, back in the fourth century BC, described the effect of such honey on Greek soldiers - after eating azalea honey in the evening, in the morning all the soldiers had clear signs of poisoning. Later, the Roman encyclopedist Pliny, having studied the notes of Xenophon, came to the conclusion that we are talking about honey collected from flowers yellow rhododendron
and pontic rhododendron
.Honey poisoning of Pontic rhododendron and yellow rhododendron is manifested by the following symptoms:
- Headache;
- Darkening in the eyes;
- Fainting states.
Andromedotoxin, which causes poisoning and hallucinations, is found in honey only from the Black Sea species of rhododendron. Therefore, if you decide to try rhododendron honey, you should definitely find out where it was collected. The vast majority of cases of poisoning with rhododendron honey are associated with a product brought from Turkey.
Rhododendron honey can be identified by taste, smell and color. The taste of rhododendron honey is moderately sweet and slightly tart, and the color is almost beige, with a slight yellowish tint.
Rhododendron honey has most of the healing properties that honey of other flowers has. For example, Caucasian rhododendron honey helps to cure
Genus rhododendrons (emphasis on the third syllable!) is great and varied. It includes evergreen, semi-evergreen and deciduous shrubs, shrubs, and sometimes trees. Translated from Greek rhododendron- "pink tree". But the rhododendron from the heather family has nothing to do with a rose from the rosaceae family. They are connected only by the beauty of flowering and a huge variety of species and varieties.
Before deciding to grow rhododendrons in your garden, you need to understand the nature of these plants. And it is not easy, because their homeland is the humid high-mountain regions of the predominantly northern hemisphere. They grow almost everywhere - from Greenland and Kamchatka to Java, from Alaska to Florida, from the Alps to the Caucasus and the Himalayas. The smallest of them, climbing to a height of up to 4000 meters above sea level, no more than 10 centimeters, however, they manage to endure forty-degree frosts. And the most powerful ones reach up to 10 meters in height. Their flowers, also collected in inflorescences, reach more than 20 centimeters in diameter.
It is clear that, like any highlanders, rhododendrons are proud and unchanging in their passions. And if you decide to plant them, then they will not adapt to you, but will decisively dictate their conditions.
With proper agricultural technology, rhododendrons are quite resistant to diseases and pests. Most often, problems begin in conditions unsuitable for normal development and if the rules of cultivation are not followed.
Plants suffer from severe waterlogging, unbalanced fertilizing, low soil acidity, winter physiological desiccation and sunburn. They can be damaged by fungal diseases (spots, rust) and chlorosis (acute lack of iron and manganese, which occurs when the soil is low in acidity and disappears with the right feeding regimen). By collecting and burning damaged foliage, sanitary pruning, and treating plants with suitable fungicides, many diseases can be resisted.
Rhododendrons are most often damaged by garden snails and slugs (collection and destruction helps), rhododendron bugs, spider mites, mealybugs, weevils, scale insects, rhododendron fly, against which insecticides help well.
Rhododendrons are propagated by seeds, cuttings (green and semi-lignified), layering, division of bushes and grafting.
Cut flowers of rhododendron remain fresh for a very long time, and one inflorescence, consisting of 20-30 flowers, is quite capable of replacing a bouquet.
In ancient Greece, the name "rhododendron" was called an oleander that had nothing to do with it. In the modern sense, this word was first used by the Italian physician and botanist Tsezalpino in 1583, and it referred to a single species - rusty rhododendron.
The first serious attempt at systematization was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, who described three evergreen and six deciduous species. Moreover, he attributed evergreens to the genus of rhododendrons, and deciduous - to the genus azaleas. In the future, this division was revised many times, and today only those rhododendrons that are grown indoors - indoors, in greenhouses and winter gardens - are called azaleas.
More details about the cultivation of rhododendrons can be found in the books of M. Alexandrova "Rhododendrons" and I. Gorin "Journey to the Land of Rhododendrons".
Rhododendron dense (Rhododendron impeditum)
Evergreen shrub with a cushion-shaped crown. It blooms from mid-May to mid-June, often again in late summer - early autumn. Flowers 2.5 cm in diameter. Leaves up to 2 cm long, well preserved under snow. Grows very slowly.
Conditions of detention - the sun, takes out a light shade. Care - Regular watering is very useful. Snow serves as shelter from frost and sun; in winters with little snow, you can rake it onto a plant or cover it in advance with spruce branches. It is transplanted easily, like all rhododendrons, thanks to a compact root system. The optimal size of the planting hole, which is filled with the prepared mixture, is 40 x 40 x 40 cm, as for all small types of rhododendrons. Usage - for rock gardens, groups of bushes. Blooms profusely and regularly.
Rhododendron obtuse(Rhododendron obtusum)
Semi-evergreen bushy shrub. Blooms in the second half of May - early June. Flowers about 3 cm in diameter. The leaves are completely preserved under deep snow, in winters with little snow they partially dry out. Hybrid varieties are called "Japanese azaleas" for sale and even give them a Latin name. Azalea japonica, which is actually one of the synonyms Japanese rhododendron - a completely different kind. Varieties have the same compact habit, but a variety of colors. Winter hardiness varies: most resistant Ladycanense(light lilac), Maruschka and Melina(raspberry), Rosinetta and Babuschka(pink terry), Schneeperle(white), Satschiko(salmon), Sazava(purple). Conditions of detention - sun or light shade. Care - Water regularly. Usage - good for rock gardens. Usually blooms profusely, grows slowly.
Canadian rhododendron(Rhododendron canadense)
Deciduous shrub. Blossoms in early May, before the leaves bloom. Flowers up to 3 cm in diameter. Leaves up to 5 cm long, reddish-yellow in autumn. Conditions of detention - Grows in full sun and light shade. Wind protection required. Relatively drought-resistant and not very sensitive to temporary waterlogging. Like most rhododendrons, it needs acidic soil (pH 4.5-5.5), moisture-absorbing and breathable. Optimal composition: acidic high-moor peat, loamy garden soil, coniferous litter from under pines (spruces) 1:1:1. Care - does not need shelter. Resistant to spring bud scorch. Watering only in severe drought. Usage - planting in small groups, goes well with conifers.
Japanese rhododendron(Rhododendron japonicum)
Deciduous, strongly branched shrub. Blooms from mid (late) May to mid June. The flowers are 6-8 cm in diameter, the natural form is usually red, orange or yellow. Leaves up to 10 cm long, very bright in autumn, red, orange and yellow tones. In foreign catalogs, it is usually listed among garden (deciduous) azaleas. These also include hybrid varieties involving many oriental and American species. The most popular groups Knaphill, Exbury and Mollis. These are plants up to 1.5 m in height of various colors. Winter hardiness varies, but is usually good. Conditions of detention - sun, light shade. Care - you may need a pritenka from spring burning of the kidneys. This can be avoided by planting on the north side of buildings or trees. Usage - for groups of shrubs.
Rhododendron Schlippenbach(Rhododendron schlippenbachii)
Deciduous weakly branched shrub. Blooms from mid-May to early June. Flowers 6-8 cm in diameter. Leaves up to 10 cm long, orange-yellow in autumn. Conditions of detention
- sun or partial shade. Care
- pritenka from spring burning of the kidneys. Trouble with watering will reduce mulching with pine bark, which is laid in a continuous layer on black lutrasil or geotextiles. Other mulch options, acid peat and coniferous litter, are placed directly on the ground. Sawdust, manure, leaves are not used. Periodically, the soil is acidified with special means: colloidal sulfur, a solution of sulfuric acid. Fertilization with superphosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate contributes to acidification. Usage
- Completely winter hardy. Suitable for planting in small groups. For cutting trees.
The place for planting rhododendrons should be protected from winds and direct sunlight, without stagnant water and with an acidic soil reaction.
These plants feel good near water bodies where the air is humidified. Therefore, they are planted near ponds and lakes, streams and pools. If there is no water nearby, evergreen rhododendrons are sprayed once a week before flowering. But it is undesirable to pour water over flowering plants, it is better to water the bushes more often.
