There is no such place in the world where people have not heard about Nicholas the Wonderworker. Children all over Europe expect gifts from him at Christmas, calling him Santa Claus.
But sailors have a special attitude towards Nicholas the Wonderworker. The life of the Saint describes an incident during his pilgrimage to Palestine, when he, being one of the passengers of the ship, stopped a cruel storm with the power of his prayer and, with his characteristic love, resurrected a young sailor who had inadvertently fallen from the mast. This explains why sailors traditionally consider St. Nicholas their Heavenly Patron.
Even the relics of the saint rest in the old port city of Italy - Bari. Bari originated in the 3rd century BC. Already under the Romans, it was a major seaport on the Italian coast. Despite the fact that grapes and olive groves have been growing here since time immemorial, the life of Bari was connected, first of all, with the sea. And it's not just about fishing and trading. Like any port, Bari had to defend its freedom and earthly well-being with arms in hand. After all, there have always been a lot of people who want to capture this city conveniently located on the Adriatic coast. In the 9th century, Bari was captured by the Arabs for 20 years and even became the capital of the Bari Emirate.
But the city needed a powerful Heavenly Patron, who, first of all, would protect sailors and guard the bay of the seaport. From ancient times throughout the Christian world, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was revered as the patron saint of sailors, whose relics at that time rested in the city of Lycian Myra.
The Barians dreamed of seeing his relics at home. They needed an intercessor at sea. However, to own the relics of St. Nicholas was a cherished dream not only of the inhabitants of Bari, but also of their eternal rivals at sea - the Venetians, Genoese and inhabitants of Amalfi.
How did the relics of St. Nicholas get to Bari? And why is there only a part of the relics in the tomb? Information about this came to us from two main historical documents: Chronicles of Nicephorus and Archdeacon John.
In 1087 a large, loaded merchant ship left the port of Bari and headed for Antioch. In the hold of the ship, in addition to goods, there were enough weapons. On the way, the ship entered the Lycian Worlds, and the sailors under the guise of merchants conducted a reconnaissance of the area. In those turbulent times, Jerusalem was already in the hands of the Muslims, and a variety of military detachments attacked cities and devastated entire regions of the Byzantine Empire.
As soon as the merchants found themselves on the streets of the Lycian World, it became clear that their plan would be difficult to implement. The city was "flooded" by the Turks. They buried their commander. Therefore, the Barian merchants had to return to the ship with nothing and sail to Antioch.
But they did not trade there for long, because they feared that as soon as the Turkish detachment left Bari, the city would most likely be empty for some time and could become easy prey for the Venetians and Genoese. Therefore, the merchants were in a hurry, and the wind accompanied them. Very quickly, they again ended up in the port of Mir Lycian.
Indeed, having gone ashore for the second time, the Barians find the city practically empty. The Turks abandoned it, and the local population took refuge in the mountains. Only a few monks were in the temple, where the relics of St. Nicholas were kept.
The ruins of the temple of St. Nicholas in the Lycian Worlds (modern Demre, Turkey)
It is difficult for us now to imagine how all this was in the 11th century. It is in our time that the relics of revered saints are in a conspicuous place, and then they were often securely hidden. Therefore, to find a temple dedicated to this or that saint did not at all mean to find his relics.
The Barians had little time, the local male population carefully returned to the city. The Barians, who had been trying in vain for some time to find the relics, began to get nervous. They grabbed several monks who were in the temple, tied them up and began interrogating them with passion. Perhaps one of the tormented brothers indicated the place where the relics of St. Nicholas were located. But it is also known that one of the attackers, named Matteo, was smart when he saw a beautiful mosaic on the floor in one place of the temple. He began to break this place with a crowbar, and the floor gave way quickly. Under it was an empty space, where the robber fell, right into the tomb, richly filled with the world flowing from the relics. . Crying out with joy, he gave a sign to his companions, and by the light of several torches, they began feverishly placing the relics in a small wooden box prepared in advance for this.
Grabbing the holy relics of the Pleasant of God, his icon and everything that came to hand, the people of Bari hurriedly headed for the port. There, their detachment met with the townspeople who were already starting to run. However, the advantage was on the side of the pirates. Therefore, the orphaned inhabitants of the Lycian World could only, as is customary in the East, sadly exclaim and raise their hands to the sky. At the same time, the Bari robbers were also Christians, and they also had a heart. They returned the miraculous icon to the Christian community of Mir Lycian.
After that, with a clear conscience, hastily loading the relics onto the ship, the robber merchants sailed home.
In Bari they were greeted as heroes. And this day, May 22, according to the new style, is listed in the Russian church calendar as "Transfer of the relics of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker from the World of Lycian to Bari."
The relics of St. Nicholas were placed in the cathedral, most of them were immediately hidden under a huge slab. Their first study took place only in the 50s of the XX century. But more on that later.
The second relics of St. Nicholas
Just 8 years after the events described, in 1095, Pope Urb a n II blesses the beginning of the first Crusade.
The Venetians also decided to take part in it. But they would not be Venetians if they did not try to pursue their own goals at the same time. In his parting words, the Venetian Patriarch Padorado expressed the hope that the knights would not only help liberate the Holy Sepulcher, but also bring great relics to Venice, and preferably not only from Jerusalem, but also from the world of Lycia. Since the relics of the Patron Saint of sailors - St. Nicholas must be in Venice.
How so? After all, for 8 years the relics of St. Nicholas have been in Bari, and everyone knows this. Soon this indisputable fact will be mentioned even in Russian sources. Did they not know about it in Venice?
The fact is that the Venetians, not without reason, believed that not all the relics of St. Nicholas were transferred to Bari.
There was an old legend. The Byzantine emperor Basil I the Macedonian in the 9th century already intended to transport part of the relics of St. Nicholas from the World of Lycia to Constantinople. For this, part of the relics was separated and placed in an ark for transportation. However, this did not happen.
Since the day before, St. Nicholas himself appeared to the emperor and forbade him to be transferred from the World of Lycia. The emperor did not dare to violate the order of the saint revered by him. But the legend claimed that the prepared part of the relics of St. Nicholas was securely hidden in another place in the temple.
Inspired by this story, the crusaders set out on a campaign. On the way to Jerusalem, they go to the Lycian Worlds, in search of the relics of St. Nicholas left there.
Dressed in merchant clothes, Venetian soldiers conduct reconnaissance in the city. Seeing that there are not so many inhabitants, they, nevertheless, are cautious. And they walk the streets like ordinary travelers. None of the residents know that a secret detachment is already in ambush and is waiting for a favorable moment to attack.
Bari. Photo pepsiline/www.flickr.com
When only four guards are left in the temple, the Venetian detachment rushes in and begins to search for relics, turning everything upside down. The frightened guards show the broken tomb and assure the invaders that it was from there that the inhabitants of Bari had already taken away the relics of St. Nicholas. But the Venetians do not believe them, they start torturing the guards. They say that one of them several times appealed to the pity of Bishop Enrico Contarini, who accompanied the sabotage. But he remained deaf to the pleas of the unfortunate.
However, after a while, he gives the order to stop the torture.
In gratitude for this, one of the guards of the shrine shows him where part of the relics of the uncle of St. Nicholas - Nicholas of Patara and the Hieromartyr Theodore are located. Most of the Venetian detachment with these shrines returns to the ship.
And, perhaps, this story would have ended, but several of the most stubborn Venetians lingered in the temple.
According to an unknown Venetian chronicler, they felt a subtle fragrance in one place of the temple, where the fresco of St. Nicholas was located.
From the exhausted guards they learned that it was precisely in this old limit on major holidays that the Bishop of Myra of Lycia used to go and serve the liturgy there. The Venetians again call on their comrades from the ship. They return to the Church and begin to take apart the floor of the old church precinct. Having removed several layers, they discovered a copper casket, where part of the relics hidden by Emperor Basil I was located. On the chest was an inscription in Greek: "Here rests the great Bishop Nicholas, glorious for his miracles on land and at sea." The temple was filled with fragrance.
The overjoyed Venetians, in gratitude to St. Nicholas and as a consolation to the Worlds of Lycia, leave a hundred coins and a small particle of the relics of the saint to the bishop of the city.
In this temple on the island of Lido in Venice, they rest to this day. The relics are stored in a marble reliquary above the throne in the altar.
These stories happened a long time ago. But for whole centuries the question remained open, who still has the relics of St. Nicholas? After all, the inhabitants of Venice, as well as the inhabitants of Bari, throughout all these centuries assured: the relics are entirely with them. That is, either in Bari or in Venice.
They decided to solve this riddle in 1953 in Bari.
To this end, Luigi Martino, professor of anatomy at the University of Bari, was invited by the bishop of the city to study the relics.
The results were amazing, they fully confirmed the description of the acquisition of the relics of Nicholas the Wonderworker, they showed that many bones, thin from time to time, were badly damaged due to the unfortunate fall of the sailor Matteo on them.
But the most striking thing is that the myrrh-streaming relics were officially confirmed. Thin bones literally floated in the world.
However, having carefully laid out all the bones in order, Luigi Martino discovered that a significant part of the relics was missing.
Of course, the first suspicion about where the second part of the relics is located fell on Venice.
The Lord gave long years of life to professor of anatomy Luigi Martino, perhaps in order for him to complete what he started in Bari. After all, only in 1992 did the most thorough examination of the relics of St. Nicholas take place in Venice. Having opened the ark, the commission saw many different bones, as well as a black stone with an inscription in Greek: "The relics of the humble Saint Nicholas."
When Professor Martineau carefully examined and compared the results with those previously obtained in Bari, he came to the following conclusion: "the white bones in Venice complement those preserved in Bari."
A further extract from the commission's conclusion reads: "... the Venetian remains, although modest in appearance, are no less important and should not be considered less important than the Bari."
Now all the secret has become clear.
We would not like to evaluate the described events. History is interesting because, peering into its depth, you can see a special craft that is not noticeable in real time. The shrines were located on the territory of the former Byzantine Empire. This great civilization is no longer on the map of our planet. And we know that a huge number Christian shrines was lost forever due to the Ottoman conquests. Thus, for example, the relics of St. Equal-to-the-Apostles Constantine disappeared forever. They were destroyed when the city was taken by the Turks. There is no longer Great Byzantium, but there is Turkey - a country with a centuries-old Muslim culture. And thousands of pilgrims from all over the world flock to the Italian cities of Bari and Venice, to Christian churches to the relics of St. Nicholas and the Apostle Mark.
The material was created on the basis of the film of the TV channel "Culture" "Unknown Europe. Venice and Bari: or sea robbers»
Producer - Alla Plotkina
Director - Alexey Pischulin
Where you can safely visit the relics of Nicholas the Wonderworker in the churches of Moscow and the Moscow region:
In the Moscow Danilov Monastery in a silver ark. The ark is located in the northern, Danilovsky aisle of the Church of the Holy Fathers of the Seven Ecumenical Councils. The particle was donated to the monastery in 1991. The address of the monastery is Danilovsky Val, 22.
Sretensky Monastery (street Bolshaya Lubyanka, 19). The particle was handed over to the monastery on May 21, 2014.
John the Baptist convent (Maly Ivanovsky lane, 2A, building 1).
Novodevichy convent (Novodevichy proezd, 1, building 2). Icon of St. Nicholas with a particle of relics is in the Assumption Cathedral of the monastery.
Nikolo-Perervinsky Monastery (Shosseynaya St., 82). Part of the relics of St. Nicholas, brought from Jerusalem, was donated to the monastery on February 17, 2014 by the benefactors of the monastery.
Epiphany Cathedral in Yelokhovo (Spartakovskaya St., 15). At the northern wall of the temple, under the Crucifixion of the 19th century, there is a metal shrine with a particle of the Tree of the Life-Giving Cross of the Lord, the right hand of St. Andrew the First-Called, head of St. John Chrysostom, particles of the relics of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow.
Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Sokolniki (Sokolnicheskaya Square, 6). Here is the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with particles of the relics of the saint himself, as well as several dozen other saints - John of Rylsky, Mary of Egypt, Pimen the Great, Vmts. Catherine, the Apostles Matthew, Mark and Luke, St. Spiridon of Trimifuntsky and others and particles of a veil from the Holy Sepulcher.
The Church of All Saints on Kulishki is a courtyard of the Alexandria Patriarchate in Moscow (Slavyanskaya Square, 2). Reliquary with a particle of the relics of St. Nicholas, as well as a large reliquary with particles of other saints, was brought to the capital by the rector of the temple, the representative of the Patriarch of Alexandria under the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, Metropolitan Athanasius of Kirinsky (Kikkotis). Every Sunday at the end Divine Liturgy these arks with holy relics are taken out for general worship before the beginning of the prayer service for the blessing of water.
Church of St. Nicholas in Kotelniki - a representative office of the Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia (1st Kotelnichesky lane, 8, building 1). A particle of the relics of St. Nicholas, Archbishop of the World of Lycia, was donated to the church by Archbishop George of Michalovsko-Koshytskyi.
Church of the Apostles Peter and Paul in Yasenevo - the courtyard of Optina Hermitage (Novoyasenevsky pr-t, 42).
Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi - house temple-museum at the State Tretyakov Gallery (Small Tolmachevsky lane, 9).
Church of St. Nicholas in Stary Vagankovo (Starovagankovsky lane, 14). The revered image of St. Nicholas and a particle of his relics are kept here.
Temple of the Great Martyr. George the Victorious in the Old Archers (Lubyansky proezd, 9, p. 2). A particle of the relics appeared in the temple in March 2011. She was placed in a specially made reliquary and inserted into a large full-length icon of St. Nicholas.
Church of St. Nicholas of Myra in Golutvin (1st Golutvinsky lane, 14). The church houses the icon of St. Nicholas with a particle of his relics.
Church of St. Nicholas in Pokrovsky (Bakuninskaya St., 100). In the church there is an ark with particles of the relics of Nicholas the Wonderworker, as well as the Robe of the Lord, the Life-Giving Cross, the stone of the Holy Sepulcher and particles of the relics of many saints: the Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John, the apostles Andrew the First-Called and Barnabas, St. John Chrysostom, the great martyr and healer Panteleimon, martyr. George the Victorious, Vmts. Barbarians and others
Church of St. Nicholas in Khamovniki (Leo Tolstoy St., 2). A particle of the relics of St. Nicholas, brought from the city of Bari, in December 2010 was transferred to this metropolitan temple for storage by His Holiness Patriarch Kirill.
Church of St. Nicholas on the Three Mountains (Novovagankovsky per., 9). A reliquary with a particle of the relics of the saint is kept here, which is taken out of the altar on Sundays and Sundays. public holidays, as well as the icon of Nicholas the Wonderworker with a particle of his relics, located in the Nikolsky aisle.
Church of Sts. app. Peter and Paul in Lefortovo (Soldatskaya st., 4). The ark with the relics is located in the main aisle on the right side of the pulpit. It houses the relics of St. Nicholas, as well as a particle of the Life-Giving Cross of the Lord, the relics of St. Isaac, st. Alypy the icon painter, Caves, ap. Foma, mch. John the Warrior, martyr. George, mch. Nikita, Rev. Sergius of Radonezh, martyr. Mercury, mch. Arefas, schmch. Basil of Amasia, St. Nile, blgv. Prince Mikhail of Tver.
Church of the Ascension of the Lord on the Gorokhovy Pole (Radio St., 2). Here is a cross-reliquary with particles of the relics of St. Nicholas, Rev. Sergius of Radonezh, St. Andrew of Crete, a particle of the Holy Sepulcher, the tomb of the Mother of God and the Life-Giving Cross of the Lord.
Church of the Savior of the Holy Image on Setun at the Kuntsevo cemetery (Ryabinovaya st., 18). The church houses an icon of St. Nicholas with a particle of his relics.
Church of the Archangel Michael in Troparevo with the Baptismal Church of the All-Merciful Savior (Vernadsky Avenue, 90).
Temple of the Dormition Holy Mother of God in Kosino (Bolshaya Kosinskaya street, 29, building 3). Here is kept the revered icon of St. Nicholas with a particle of his relics.
Temple of St. Zosima and Savvaty of the Solovetsky wonderworkers in Golyanovo (Baikalskaya street, 37A). The particle is stored in a reliquary, which contains the relics of about a hundred saints. The ark is located on the left side of the salt.
The house church of the Russian Cultural and Educational Foundation of St. Basil the Great and the company "Your Financial Trustee" (B. Vagankovskaya St., 3). In 2010, a large particle was separated from the relics and was in the Basilica of St. Nicholas in Bari, and in 2012 it was transferred to a charitable foundation. This temple is dedicated to the Nativity of St. Nicholas, the World of Lycian wonderworker.
Monastery of David's Hermitage (Chekhov district of the Moscow region, settlement Novyi Byt).
Nikolo-Ugreshsky Monastery (Moscow region, Dzerzhinsky city, St. Nicholas Square, 1). The monastery keeps an icon and a fold with particles of the relics of St. Nicholas, which were donated to the monastery by the state united museum-reserve Kolomenskoye-Lyublino-Lefortovo.
Arks and icons with relics of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker are kept in many churches and monasteries in Russia. Similar shrines are located, for example, in Ioannovsky convent in St. Petersburg, in the Novo-Tikhvin convent in Yekaterinburg, in a number of parish churches.
I cannot list all the locations of the particles of relics in Russia, but I am sure everyone can find them in the churches and monasteries closest to them.
Reference:
65% of the relics are in the Catholic Basilica of St. Nicholas in Bari. Approximately one fifth of the relics of the saint is in the Catholic Church of St. Nicholas on the Lido Island in Venice.
The remaining parts of the relics of Nicholas the Wonderworker are scattered around the world.
My most respected and beloved saint. Not like the current ministers.
P.S. from TS. It was in 2013 that a shrine with the relics of St. Nicholas was brought to our church, which I happened to bow to and bless the pectoral cross.
The temple, built in honor of the great saint in the history of Orthodoxy, Nicholas the Wonderworker, located in the very center of Moscow in Khamovniki, is considered one of the most significant architectural creations. Its beauty attracts tourists from all over the world. No less interesting is the history of the temple, the cultural sights belonging to it and the construction process.
Khamovnaya Sloboda: historical background
Khamovniki district, which is now practically the very center of Moscow, belonged to the suburban area of our capital at the beginning of the 16th century. Until that time, there was not a single building in Khamovniki, and the entire vast territory was set aside for grazing horses.
Radical transformations began closer to the 17th century. The first building erected on the territory of Khamovnaya Sloboda was the Novodevichy Convent.
Thanks to him, the population growth in the area began. It is important to note that not only priests, but also artisans which contributed to the development own culture Khamovnikov.
The main advantage of freedom was finely woven fabrics, of such remarkable quality that they were regularly supplied to the royal court. In honor of this craft, Khamovniki were named. As you know, the old Russian name for flax sounds like “ham”, and the name of the settlement came from it, and later the whole area of the largest populated city Russia.
How the Church of St. Nicholas was built in Khamovniki
Since Khamovnaya Sloboda occupied a rather vast territory, it was supposed to have its own church. The first mention of a pilgrimage dates back to the distant 1625. At that time, the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was made of wood and did not have any features that could attract attention. A little later, namely after 32 years, the building was rebuilt, and in its place now flaunted a stone church, executed in the best traditions of those years.
The building received its name, which has survived to this day, "Nicholas the Wonderworker at the Metropolitan's Stables" in 1677. And in 1629, another new building began to be erected near the church. It is important to note that by the beginning of the 18th century, the architectural style in Russia had undergone significant changes, so the temple was subject to significant restoration.
Influenced by foreign influences strict native Russian style is replaced by a brighter, more picturesque and to some extent pretentious "wonderful pattern". His hallmarks are live colors, tiles performed in different color schemes, an abundance of decorative elements and ornaments. The church is now not stone, but brick, finished with white stone on top, complemented by beautiful tiles of red and green colors.
The complex of the church of St. Nicholas at the present time
The temple complex is made in the traditions of its style and includes the following buildings:
- church with five domes;
- refectory;
- aisles of Moscow metropolitans Dmitry and Alexy;
- a hipped bell tower located near the western entrance;
- one of the largest and tallest bell towers in Moscow - an eight-domed one, which, by the way, is the last building made in this style.
The whole complex was consecrated in 1682. All other minor extensions appeared as needed.
Significant events
It is interesting to study not only the features of the architectural style in which the church is made, but also the history of its existence and numerous revivals.
During the First Patriotic War When Bonaparte was advancing on our capital, according to the plans of the Russian commanders, all of Moscow, including the temple of St. Nicholas the Pleasant, was given over to be burned and destroyed by enemies.
As you can understand, the injuries inflicted on this incomparable architectural structure were very great, and the interior decoration was almost completely completely destroyed. After the victory over the French, the authorities were in no hurry to start the restoration of the complex, and only in 1845 half of the repair work was completed, and a new fresco appeared on the wall. The full restoration of the church falls on 1849.
On this, of course, numerous temple restorations and his fortification did not end. The work of skilled architects was carried out three more times:
- in 1896;
- in 1949;
- in 1972.
Despite all the circumstances, the temple did not stop its work. Believers always came to it with joy to become part of the most beautiful divine services.
closer to early XIX century, the temple area was fenced metal fence, and then they installed a wrought iron gate, which is also a local landmark.
In 1922, a special event took place in the life of the entire complex: the solemn return of a huge bell, the second largest, cast by the famous Ladygin, took place. Its weight is more than 108 pounds. The fate of the remaining bells from the original set, unfortunately, is unknown. Some of them were lost during the persecution of the church organized by the Soviet authorities. This list also includes a three-hundred-pound bell, which was the largest in the entire complex.
Another sad fact is that during the persecution, many icons, gold and silver accessories were seized, which were not only special decorations of the church, but also had great cultural value.
Main attraction
In honor of the shrine, which is proud not only of the temple, but of the entire capital, the entire left chapel is named. The ancient icon, set in a gold frame, depicts the Mother of God with a baby. "The guarantor of sinners" is known for its miraculous and healing power. She became a donation to the temple from a rich man.
He noticed that during the pronunciation of a prayer in front of the “Guest of Sinners”, small droplets of a fragrant liquid stand out on the image. Having anointed themselves with this oil, many people who had already lost all hope were cured. After the icon was in the possession of the temple, crowds of people began to flock to worship services, wishing to receive God's blessing. The image showed all its strength during the cholera raging in Moscow, when desperate doctors smeared patients with the received world, and they began to grow stronger right before our eyes.
Temple in Khamovniki: schedule of services
The cathedral operates according to the following schedule:
- The service begins at seven o'clock in the morning.
- After 45 minutes, everyone can confess.
- Liturgy continues at eight or a little later.
- At five o'clock, parishioners are waiting for.
Address of the temple: Leo Tolstoy street, house two. If you get to the shrine for the first time, then you should navigate along the Frunzenskaya Embankment, as well as along the Kultury Park.
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In this article, it is represented-le-but chro-but-lo-gi-che-of-lo-same-events associated with the body of Ni-ko - barking of the Chu-to-creator from the moment of death to the present day in the historical context, on the basis of-no-va-nii to- texts that have come down to us and their is-to-ri-che-an-ana-li-za, on-scientific-research-to-va-ny, as well as from-cry- ty in the next years. The purpose of this work-bo-you is-la-et-sya analysis is-toch-no-kov with the use of the system-no-go sub-ho -yes, to the illumination of events and the sve-de-ing of in-for-ma-tion about the fate of relics in chron-no-lo-gi-che-ski you-strong-en -noe in-west-in-va-nie.
Pe-re-not-se-nie relics of saint-te-la Ni-ko-lai Chu-do-creator from the World of Li-ki-sky to Italy, yav-la-et-sya , p-please, the most-boo-more-described-san-ny chro-no-hundred-mi-be-ty-eat in the middle one. In the os-no-ve of this, having become-she-go-le-gen-dar-nym, is-it-ri-che-sko-go fact lies re-re-ple-te-nie ve -ry and pat-ri-o-ti-che-sky, in-li-ti-che-sky and eco-no-mi-che-sky ambitions. After more than de-ve-ti-hundred years since the time-me-no re-re-me-shche-ing of the relics, it is necessary-ho-di-mo kri-ti-che-ski from-not-stay to le-gen-de, someone-ruyu pre-under-no-syat tu-ri-stam and pa-lom-ni-kam in modern Turkey, co-ver -shen-but not counting with the is-ri-che-ski-mi fak-ta-mi, but sometimes insulting the memory of St. Ni-ko-lai Chu -to-the-creator.Ras-we-look-from-the-known to us chrono-ni-ki from the point of view of the traditions of Ba-ri, Ve-ne-tsi and Li-kii, according to -we-ta-em-sya to understand the goals and for-da-chi, some-rye pre-follow-to-wa-whether zhi-te-whether three areas of the Middle-di- earth-but-sea-rya in the light of vla-de-niya invaluable co-kro-vi-schema.
Study-tea ak-ro-pol li-ki-sky mit-ro-po-lii, you can-but do-pu-stit that the body is holy-ti-te-la in-lo-zhi-li in ti -pic-ny for the Roman-th-pe-ri-o-da sar-co-fag. But we can’t agree with the fact that the relics were in the sar-co-fa-ge, someone is now de-mon-stri- ru-yut in the "Ni-ko-la-ev-sky temple" tu-rets-ko-go-ro-yes De-m-re. During the life of Ni-ko-lai, Chu-do-tvo-retz uni-lived the temple of Ar-te-mi-dy and waged a fierce fight against paganism. And judging by the iso-bra-same-ni-pits on the sar-ko-fa-ge, the coffin-no-tsa is clearly attached to-above-le-zha-la tongue-no-ku. Everything is trying to explain the thread that this sar-co-phage is used-to-wa-li for the second time to mention the body of the holy-ti-te- la, in a certain sense, they offend the memory of a saint - he could not be buried in an ancient pagan coffin. In 336, Stra-ti-la-you arrived in Mir-ry, and, having learned that Saint Ni-ko-lai had died, “they searched for a place where sorry for his honest body ... [and] honor Ni-ko-lai, co-or-diving port-tik "church-vi. Since for the IV century. ha-rak-ter-but building-and-tel-stvo in the memory of the holy mar-ti-ri-ev - special buildings, then we pre-la-ga-em, that in-e-vo-dy in-stro-and-whether the first pa-myat-nick - hour-ov-nu over the mo-gi-la Ve-li-ko-go ar-hi-epis-sko- pa World of Li-ki-skih No-ko-bark. The temple, in someone's rum served Ni-ko-lai Chu-do-tvo-retz, and port-tic, built-en-ny stra-ti-la-ta-mi, would it be time -ru-she-ny lands-le-trya-se-ni-em 529, and in their place, “on the means, you-de-len-name-ra-to-rum Yus- ti-ni-a-nom ", erecting a new temple and an hour over for-ho-ro-not-no-thing of the holy.
In the 7th century on-cha-las active Arab ex-pan-sia on the ter-ri-to-rii of the Eastern Roman Empire. In 655, the ara-would almost completely destroy the V-zantian fleet in a naval battle off the coast of Li-kiya. In September-Tyab-re 792, the Bagh-Dad Kha-lif Kha-run-ar-Ra-shid sent Hu-maid-ibn-Ma-yu-fa to the head of the fleet "for raz-rob-le-niya ost-ro-va Ro-do". Raz-grab-biv-is-ditch, Hu-made from-pra-vil-sya to Mi-ra Li-ki-skie with on-me-re-ni-em “raz-lo-mother of the holy coffin -ni-tsu of the holy Chu-to-creator Ni-ko-lai, [but] broke another instead of her, standing in the near-zo-sti ". As soon as holy-tat-tsy had time to do it, how a terrible storm arose on the sea and once-bi-la a big number su-dov, "and the bo-go-bor-ny Khu-maid himself somehow escaped" . In-e-on-the-chief defiled, robbed the church and broke into the coffin-no-tsu, but he did not destroy the temple.
In the ninth century im-pe-ra-tor Va-si-liy I Ma-ke-do-nya-nin (867-886), wishing to underline the resurrection-de-nie in-chi-ta-nia icons and relics, so-bi-ral-sya re-re-vez-ti the relics of St. ti-te-la Ni-ko-lai in Kon-stan-ti-no-pol, but was left new-len in the doorway in a kind of miraculous way. Then, “strongly but angry,” ordered for-pe-cha-tat his relics in a white stone sar-ko-fa-ge and in-me- steve under half an hour - pri-de-la church-vi Si-o-na, so that "no one else could take the remains" -la.
By the 11th century with an increase-whether-che-no-em pa-lom-ni-kov at the "Ni-kol-sko-go-temple-ma in Mi-ra for-mi-ru-et-sya mo-na-she-sky about -schi-na, the first mention-mi-na-tion about someone-swarm meeting-cha-et-sya in connection with the re-re-no-som mo-schey bari-tsa-mi in the 11th century." . In 1034, the sa-ra-tsin-ny “once again, you capture the city, but the church remains intact”.
In the XI century. about-a-hundred-now-ka in the V-Zan-Ti-im-pe-rii would-la-la-nebla-go-pri-yat-na for hri-sti-an. V-Zan-Tiy pre-table after the death of Va-si-liya II (1025) for-no-ma-whether weak, often changing im-pe-ra-to-ry; just at this time, serious dangers began to threaten im-pe-rii. In Front of Asia, sel-d-zhu-ki so-ver-sha-li its op-one-shi-tel-noe movement to the West, and by 1081 vi-zan- ti-tsy in-te-rya-whether the whole of Asia Minor.
After the defeat of Byzantium in the battle of Man-tsik-er-te (August 19, 1071) in Asia Minor, only one -on do-mi-ni-ru-yu-shaya si-la - sel-d-zhu-ki. Captivated by them-pe-ra-tor Ro-man Dio-gene co-gla-forces you-cry-to them for “Eternal Peace” and “Friend- stven-no-mu do-go-vo-ru "annually-but" a large sum-mu de-neg ". But the con-stan-ti-no-Polish nobility overthrew la failures-whether-in-the-great-vi-te-la, and his successor-nick - Mi-ha-il VII Du-ka Pa- ra-pi-nak - didn’t wish you-half-to-take-up-lo-wife-ny on the country of obligations. So mu-sul-mane in a lu-chi-li is a beautiful excuse for na-cha-la on-be-gov.
It's you-needs christ-sti-an, live-te-lei World, re-se-ly-sya in a safer place, on-ho-dya-sche -e-sya three kilo-meters from the old Mir. In the temple itself, only a few mo-on-hovs remain to serve. In 1086, St. Ni-ko-lai "appeared in vi-de-nii to three people-lo-ve-kam, with-ka-zy-vai to announce to them zhi-te-lyam go -ro-da Mi-ry, someone, being afraid of that rock, left from-here-yes to the mountain, so that they would return to live and guard the city, or did you know that he was re-se-lying in another place. ” One-on-one, do not heed the pre-du-pre-wait-ing of your own Ve-li-ko-ho-ty-te-la.
In Europe, by the end of the 11th century. striv-li-li-pri-zy-you to fight-boo with the wrong-we-mi. Ras-says of returning-returning-shih-sya pi-li-gri-mov you-zy-va-li in re-li-gi-oz-but on-strong-en-mas-sah for- fallen christ-sti-an strong-noe him-do-va-nie against sel-d-zhu-kov and regret about the fate of the city of the world. On Za-pa-de, no-ma-li, that christ-an-sky saints-you-no in Vi-zantia about-re-che-us on-ru-ga-nie and uni -something. In this way, the Europeans, especially after the race of 1054, during the trips to Vostok, counted nor-mal-nym in-hi-tit holy-you-nu and you-take her to your place on ro-di-nu. The desire to capture as much as possible, but more than the number of relics, was not only re-li-gi-oz-rve- no-eat, but also in-li-ti-che-sky races. In the Middle Ages, it was considered prestige to have in the native city the relics of many saints, some such about-ra-zom hundred-but-vi-lis in-cro-vi-te-la-mi go-ro-yes. They are both-re-ha-whether citizens and would be mountains-to-stu of the state-su-dar-stva. No one paid attention to how, in what way, the power of the pri-ob-re-te-na, the main thing is to own them, and the saint that one will be in-ro-vi-tel-stvo-vat to the one to whom they belong.
In a li-ti-che-sky and in-en-n terms, Vi-zan-tia is weak-be-la year after year. Since 1016, the southern part of Italy, adjoining the Eastern Roman Empire, became subject to Norman-sky on-be-gam: “In 1027, with the consent of them-pe-ra-to-ra Ko-nra-da II, it was-lo os-no-va-but the first Norman in-se-le-nie ". And in 1071, Duke Robert Gyu-is-kar finished-chil for-capturing the south-but-i-ta-lyan-sky regions, “for-in-e-vav by -the next Vizantine fortress - Ba-ri ", which at-ve-lo to the influence of the city-ro-yes in re-gi-one as a hundred -li-tsy of the vizantine pro-vintage in southern Italy. In connection with the change of the management of Bishop Ba-ri An-drey re-re-ho-dit from Kon-stan-ti-no-pol -go-pat-ri-ar-ha under the jurisdiction of the dictation of Rome-go-pa-pa.
At that time, many cities, having become ob-la-da-te-la-mi of the relics of the saints, turned into a place of a hundred pa-lom-ni- qualities that are attached to the eco-no-mi-che-sko-mu pro-color of the city-ro-yes. We can pre-lo-live that the city knows re-shi-la for re-birth-de-niya eco-no-mi-che-go-bla-go-po-lu -chia Ba-ri with-about-re-sti mo-shchi ka-ko-go-no-be-holy, and her choice fell on from-west-no-go and po-chi-ta -e-mo-go Ni-ko-lai Chu-do-creator from the World of Li-ki-sky. Possibly, this pre-reading would have been a word-le-but from-but-si-tel-ny convenience to-stay-ki-you-no. The relics of the saint on-ho-di-lied on the sea route to Sy-ria, where-yes the Bari merchants pla-va-li for trading-li zer -nom and fabric-nya-mi.
To-shed-shie to the present time-me-no chro-ni-ki Ni-ki-fo-ra, ar-hi-di-a-ko-on John-on and Si-geb-er- that about re-re-not-se-nii of the relics of St. Ni-ko-lai, yav-la-yut-is important-we-do-ku-men-ta-mi, under-ling -the-ness of someone doesn’t vy-va-et with me, for the study of the is-to-rii of that pe-ri-o-yes. One-to-one for compiling a full car-ty-ny of co-existence, as well as their is-it-ri-che-an-li-for we use -pol-zo-wa-li and other li-te-ra-tour-nye is-toch-no-ki and ar-heo-lo-gi-che-sky studies.
In 1087, in the city of Bar, St. Ni-ko-lai appeared in a dream to honestly and b-go-go-wei-no-mu-ho-no-no- ku and ordered: “Go and tell the people and all the co-bo-ru of the church-kov-no-mu, so that they go and take me from the World and po-lo - live in this city, because I can’t stay there in an empty place. God pleases it.” Having said this, "the saint became invisible." In the morning in the church, the priest gave the cli-ru and on-ro-du about his vision. All those who were in the church, having heard about the vi-de-nii of their shepherd-you-rya, gladly, but re-click-well: “The Lord has now sent His me -lost on the people and our city, for it has honored us to accept the relics of His holy Pleasing Ni-ko-barking ". For the use of the Chu-do-creator “... it-lyan-tsy hastily and secretly under-go-that-wi-whether the whole sea ex -pe-di-tion ".
The bar-ryans from-great-vi-lis for dra-go-tsen-us-mi mo-shcha-mi on three courts. The name of the participants of the ex-pe-di-tion for-pi-sa-na on the per-ga-men-te, someone is stored in the co-cre-vish-ni- tse Nikol-sky ba-zi-li-ki Ba-ri. Fearing that someone else will be able to get ahead of them, the bari-tsy foresee-look-ri-tel-but re-shi-whether to hide the goal of their-e- go travel under the guise of trades-whether grain and for this-th on-load-zi-whether your co-slave-whether wheat-ni-tsey. The first de-lom ka-ra-van of three ships on-right-vill-sya in Mi-ry in Ly-kiya. The Bari-tsy sla-whether in the raz-ved-ku mat-ro-sa under the guise of pa-lom-ni-ka, someone co-generalized that “in the cre-po -sti, where is the ba-zi-li-ka of the saint, a lot of that rock; the head-nick of the gar-ni-zo-na died, and they got together to ho-ro-thread him. The Ba-ri-tsy immediately on-right-wi-whether their co-slave to the port of St. Si-meon in An-tio-chia, where they found out that we-not- qi-an-tsy on-right-la-yut-sya in Mi-ry with the goal of picking up the bodies of St. None. Hoping to get ahead of them, the ba-ryans re-shi-whether immediately-len-but to complete their pre-admission.
April 11, 1087, so-rok, seven ba-ryans, ho-ro-sho in-arms-living-shis, from-great-went to the church of St. Si-o-on, where are the relics of St. None. Getting to the church and hiding the weapons, they “with smi-re-ni-em” entered the temple, in some-rum on-ho-di-moose four -ro without-for-shield hundred-ro-zhey-mo-on-hov. One of the bar-ri-tsev-ra-ti-lis with a request to the mo-na-ham about you-de-le-nii them a part of the mi-ra (man-na) from the relics holy-te-la Ni-ko-lai, others began to pray, imitating pa-lom-ni-kov. At the end of the end, po-te-she-stven-no-ki open-whether mo-na-ham your plan - re-re-do-not-sti the power of the miracle-to-creator in Apu -liu. Possibly, first of all, mo-na-hi, don’t re-pri-nya-whether on-me-re-nie according to slan-ni-kov from Ba-ri all-sharp. They said that the Saint never allowed anyone to transfer his remains to another place; yes, they-pe-ra-to-ru Va-si-liu Ma-ke-do-nya-ni-well had to-ka-za-sya “from on-me-re-niya re-re -not-sti in Kon-stan-ti-no-pol ". “The holy is-the-wid-nik of God will not let you take it”, - from-go-va-ri-va-lis mo-na-khi. The Ba-ri-sky pre-sweater named Loop held in his hands a glass-lyan-ny co-court, someone mo-na-khi temple-ma on-half-no- whether the world from the mighty. He decided to take part in the pe-re-go-in-ra with a hundred-ro-m-m and put the vial on top of the ne-so-ko-lon-na at al-ta-rya. During the dispute, Father Loop, by negligence, filed a co-court, and he fell on the marble floor with a “great crack”, but more than once beat. The strangers saw de-whether in this sign a b-go-pleasant sign of you-ra-zhe-in-whether God and the holy Pleasing ka, as if the saint said to them: “Here is mo-gi-la, I’m lying in someone, take my body and go to someone dyam in Ba-ri, someone-eye I will be in-ro-vi-tel-stvo-vat and protect.
Ba-ri-tsy re-shi-li change the thread so-ti-ku angle-ditch, re-shiv that "good deception does not harm anyone." They lie-whether mo-na-ham, declaring: “You must know that when pa-pa from Rima came to us in the city of Ba-ri, in -pro-leader-de-nii of many ar-khi-epi-sko-pov, with a retinue of priests-but-serve-te-lei and laity, he himself sent us to these lands are not-re-not-sti sacred body. He did all this, because the saint of God appeared to him in a dream and asked to be taken to our lands. When the Apu-li-tsy reached a hundred weapons from under their cloaks, the mo-na-hi realized all the seriousness of the me-re-niy -stay. One of the mo-na-hovs began to slowly step away from the door, wanting to inform the inhabitants of the world about the pro-is-go-dying, but ba -ry-tsy for-ra-her for-blo-ki-ro-wa-whether you-go-dy from the church.
A hundred-ro-mother connected, and someone named Matthew-fey (perhaps, the leader), put a knife to the mountains-lu mo-na-ha, threatening living death, if he does not indicate the place of the place-to-hod-de-tion of relics. Mo-nah replied to him: “We’ll sooner die, rather than let us take holy» . Another hundred-mug, wishing from-ba-wit a brother-ta from death and in-no-may, that co-against-le-ni-the devil-po-les-but, ska hall: “My son, why did you unfairly fall on our brother? shcha-mi, but could not-whether. By all appearances, the time has come for the fulfillment of promises, someone gave the saint a year ago. Hearing this, the Italians, in a pro-si-whether, tell them about the vi-de-nii of Saint Ni-ko-lai, who was three in 1086 live-te-lam Peace. Ba-ri-tsy races-tse-ni-is it like another one-but-no-va-nie for re-re-no-sa remains -be on ro-dee-nu. The servant of the temple indicated the hall to Mat-fairy from the hole in the floor, from someone-ro-mo-na-hi from-le-ka-li “ki-stoch-koy holy water". Ba-ri-tsy, for sure, that this is the place where the relics of St. Ni-ko-lai are located. Matthew hid his weapon and, taking an iron crowbar, began to beat on the marble floor.
Analysis of whether-te-ra-tour-nyh sources-toch-no-kov and ar-heo-lo-gi-che-sky research-sle-to-va-ny churches-vi-ti-te-la No-ko-barking in Mi-ra (De-m-re) poses-in-la-et define-de-pour the place where he was for-ho-ro-nen Ni-ko-lai Chu-do- creator. As a result of inspection of the kir-pich-noy treasure-house of the walls of the Nikol-skaya church-vi ar-heo-lo-ga-mi Ot-to Fel-dom and Ur-som Pesh-low define-de-le-but that the main part of the building-e-complex is from-no-sits to the VIII century, only service premises on the se-ve-ro-for-pas-de-complex-sa and two southeast-east-hours-no-no-syat-Xia to the V-VI century. The study of the plan on the church-vi gives the possibility of presuming to live that the walls of two south-eastern cha-so-veins, from -shchih-sya to the V-VI century., would it be intentional-len-but "except-key-che-us from the construction-and-tel-work-bots", preserved by the ancient ar- hi-tech-to-rum and built-e-us into the new complex of the temple near the central-no-go al-ta-rya. This for-bo-ta could-la be ob-words-le-on the same-la-ni-em co-store the thread of the ancient hour-ov-nu over for-ho-ro-no-no connection -Togo.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that all chro-no-ki one-on-one describe the actions of the bari-tsev. Ita-lyans-tsy once-bi-whether the floor, but not one of the le-to-scribes mentions about sar-ko-fa-ge. Kli-rik Ni-ki-for in "Pro-log-ge" writes that in An-tio-chii, we-ne-qi-an-tsy boasted of their-on-me-re- we don’t eat in the church of St. Ni-ko-lai “break her bridge and take away the sacred body”. Ar-khi-mand-rit An-to-nin Ka-pu-stin paid attention to this fact in the 19th century, pointing out that “Ba-ri mat- ro-sy do not see-de-li in the church-vi-no-tombs. Naturally, the destruction in the la could not pass without a trace for the building of the church. Studying on the floor of the mo-for-and-ki of the Nikol-skaya church-vi in Mi-ra and comparing it with mo-za-she-mi before us and-ka-mi other co-wielding poses-in-la-et yes-ti-ro-vat decoration in the la temple in De-m-re XI century. , i.e. time of re-construction of the temple in 1042 under “im-pe-ra-to-re Kon-stan-tin Mo-no-ma-he and his wife Zoya”. Research-after-before-va-niya races-on-the-same-ri-sun-kov mo-for-and-ki se-re-di-na XI century on the first floor of the same temple ma uk-zy-va-yut that the most-bo-largest, bo-ga-decorated, for-no-ma-yu-schee almost the entire area la uzo-ry are different, again, in two south-eastern clocks, while the floors of the main part of the central ma com-plec-sa reached our time-me-no-almost without any time-waiting. On the basis of-no-va-nii re-zul-ta-tov ana-li-for ri-sun-kov of mo-for-ich-ny sexes, we are conditional, but you-de-li-whether you- re-os-nov-nyh ty-pa or-on-men-tov:
a) rectangular frame;
b) circles, inscribed in a square;
c) a complex pattern, consisting of an eight-to-none star and a “flower”, enclosed in a rectangle;
d) a square frame with a complex or-on-men-tom, in the morning se-re-di-noy.
If the first type of mo-for-and-ki is used in the central nave of the complex seven times, types “b” and “c” meet often in the decoration of the temple three times, then the type “d” is uni-ka-len - it has the largest area on the roof tia, and this ri-su-nok is no longer the same anywhere. Types “a”, “b”, “c” have come down to us in relative-si-tel-noy preservation and without loss, but mo-for-and-ka a trace-not-of-the-type-pa has me-ha-no-che-sky in-time-waiting, someone-ry later would-whether clumsily for-la-ta-na in XII-XIII century splinter-ka-mi mra-mo-ra, earlier used-zo-vav-shi-mi-sya in the decoration of unknown for-ho-ro- non-ny and not corresponding to the vet-stvo-yu-shi-mi uzo-ru in the damaged mo-for-and-ki. As a result of the study of the texts of the sources of the XII century. -ti-te-la Ni-ko-lai, and ras-watch-re-niya ar-hi-tech-tour-nyh especially-ben-no-stays of the complex-sa Ni-ko-la-ev-sky church-vi in De-m-re, we can conclude that for-ho-ro-not-nie Ni-ko-lai Chu-to-creator-ca-ra-ho-di -elk under the mo-for-and-coy in the center of the second swarm of the south-east-hour-of-the-no-Nichol-go-temple-ma in Mi-ra. Indirect confirmation of this statement is also the fact that the floor of the crypt-you of the temple of St. Ni-ko-lai in Ba-ri, it is decorated with an or-na-men-tom, which we attributed to type-pu "d" of the complex of the church-vi in Mirs.
Having broken the mo-for-and-ku on the floor, the bari-tsy about-on-ru-zhi-whether the ancient kir-pich-treasure and began to go deeper into earth, but not about-on-ru-zhi-whether the cover of the white-lo-go sar-ko-fa-ha. Fathers Loop and Gri-mo-ald began to mo-pour. The Bari-tsy came in confusion and were afraid to open the coffin of St. Ni-ko-lai. From-ko-pav-to-lo-vi-na the cover-ku sar-ko-fa-ga, no one dared to open it, “so as not to turn into a ka -men". Mat-fey hit-rum mo-lot-ka broke the marble slab. When-whether the fragments were removed, about-on-ru-zhi-whether "in-shi-tel-size-measures" sar-ko-phage, "full of holy moisture- gi ", and in-feeling-va-whether a wonderful aro-mat. Ita-lyans-tsy re-shi-li that the Pleasant of God agrees to re-re-not-se-re-relics.
Matthew, having lowered his “right hand” into the liquid, began to draw relics from the coffin and re-re-give them in parts te-ram. For-no-may that time is running out, the young man jumped into the ra-ku and, how later you-clear-nit-sya, once-da-vil your own but- ha-mi part of the ko-stey ta-for the holy-ti-te-la. Found a skull in the coffin, Mat-fey be-rezh-but gave it to the priest-no-kami and climbed out of the tomb. At this time, “some of the hundred mo-ry-kov around, secretly taking small parts of the stitches from the holy relics, hiding whether them." It was not possible for the Apu-liy-tsam to take the relics halfway. Ve-ro-yat-but, the bar-ri-tsy then-ro-pi-foxed and feared that the cue-tsy will re-pre-op-t-st-stvo-yut in-hi-che-ny mo -schey. The participants of the ex-pe-di-tion didn’t take with them a cove-che-ha for the remains of Ni-ko-lai Chu-do-creator. It is possible to presume that they are supposed to take the power together with the cancer and do not expect to find a big load yellow sar-co-phage. For this reason, pre-s-s-te-ry for-ver-well-whether the relics of the Holy One in their ob-la-che-niya and take care of it, but carried it to slave-lam. This version is confirmed by the study of the next-to-va-ni-i-mi bones, from-drawn in 1953 from the tomb-ni-tsy in Ba- ri. Professor Lou-i-ji Mar-ti-no, who studied the remains of the holy-ti-te-la, writes in from-che-th about research-sle-to-va- relics that on the bones “find-de-we re-re-lo-we in those places where they should be during the rough fight of the ex-gu-ma-tion, in connection with the fact that mo-rya-ki are in a hurry ". Also, the professor-sor from-metil that most likely during the trans-port-ti-ditch-ki the remains “on the bones arose-nick-whether ob-shir -nye in-time, caused by mutual friction throughout the whole ve-ro-yat-no-sti due to the fact that there would be together for-ver-well-you in for-shield-ny ma-te-ri-al ".
So did the Italians take a few large fragments of the sar-ko-fa-ga of the saint, someone, like a great saint-you-nya , later, would it be vmon-ti-ro-va-ny “in the pre-hundred-ly of many temples of Italy”. Inspection of these fragments-men-tov poses-in-la-et with confidence to say that the false-coffin-no-tsa, you-stand-la-e-may in De-m-re, does not correspond to the color-that, size-me-ram and ma-te-ri-a-lu on-hundred-I-sche-go sar-ko-fa ha. That's why we can confidently assert that until our time, the coffin of St. Ni-ko-lai has not been preserved Nil-Xia.
It was re-she-but that the invaluable cargo was taken on board by the commander-yes, in which Matthew was a swarm. The Ka-pi-tan was chosen-by-the-no-of-the-go-on and his command-yes swore that they ensured the complete preservation of the relics of the Holy go Ni-ko-laya and there will be no pre-principal-no-mother of any actions "without a general decision of all participants" ex-pe -di-tion. As it was said in the Trinity List of Life, two mo-na-ha from the temple remained in Mirs, and two climbed on board “and went a hundred with the help of holy Ni-ko-la and in-and-to-sha in Bar city ".
As soon as the Italians “raz-me-sti-li-mo-schi with ve-li-kim b-go-go-ve-ni-em in a very small-lazy de-re-vyan- nom box-ke ”and na-cha-whether from-yes-ly-sya from the be-re-ha, they see-de-whether be-gu-shchih to the be-re-gu of the sea live-te-lei The world, some-rye sobs-yes-and threw themselves into the sea, grabbed the oars with cries: “Give me your father to she-go and gos-po-di-na-na-she-go!” . The Bari-tsy tried to “calm down” the local residents by the fact that they were left with a coffin full of holy moisture from the relics of the holy -te-la, and miraculously-creative icon-on St. Ni-ko-lai. “Now, let him go away from here, so that other parts of the world can be enlightened.” Zhi-te-whether the World returned to the robbed temple and about-on-ru-zhi-li that some part of paradise remained in a gruesome way in mi -ro. Fearing new-on-pa-de-ny and gra-be-zhey, they took a decision again to cover the holy remains under the floor, which would-lo you-half-not-but. Possibly, in order to prevent the following tortures of theft of relics and to confuse future saints -to-tat-tsev, local residents-te-whether re-shi-whether you-stand at the temple a damaged sar-co-phage, taken from the "tsar-sko th necro-po-la, ras-po-lo-women-no-go along the do-ro-gi to the port of An-dri-a-ke. They you-yes-wa-whether him behind the coffin of St. Ni-ko-lai, robbed-len-ny bar-ri-tsa-mi, inside someone-ro-go in a hundred-vi-li co-judgment with the world from the relics of saint-te-la Ni-ko-lai. This deception found a continuation in our time. This sar-co-phage is still de-mon-stri-ru-yut in the temple-me-museum of the modern city-ro-da De-m-re, you-yes- wai for the real coffin-ni-tsu Ni-ko-lai Chu-do-creator. Ar-heo-lo-gi-che-study-before-va-nia in-ca-for-whether that the saint could not be for-ho-ro-nen or re-re-for -ho-ro-nen in this ga-le-ray and in sar-ko-fa-ge, earlier with-over-le-zhav-sh tongue-no-ku.
Firstly, the building, where there is a false coffin-ni-tsa Ni-ko-lai Chu-to-the-creator, from-no-sit-sya to the VIII century . This does not agree with you-in-yes-mi that in the V-VI centuries. over for-ho-ro-not-no-it of the holy-th-th-it-was-la-lift-well-that hour-ov-nya, preserved during the re-construction of the com- plexa in the 8th century.
Secondly, the analysis of the plan of the church of the VIII century. in Mi-ra and the way of the ka-men-noy treasure-ki-ka-zy-va-yut that you-re-ni-shi of the southern ha-le-rei Ni-ko-la-ev -of the church-ma-ra-it serve-whether ok-na-mi-of-the-way of the ha-le-rei or at-tvor-ra of the church. In the opposite case, the light would not have penetrated into these premises, but the good-go-go-vey-noe from-but-she-to the relics ho-ty-te-la No-ko-laya would not pos-in-whether-lo-lo-re-place the ra-ku with the might-mi in the window pro-em at the temple .
Thirdly, bo-ga-decorated diff-person-us-mi iso-brother-neither-I-mi coffin-ni-tsa would hardly be saved -na in pe-ri-od iko-no-br-che-stva.
The rise of op-on-nent-tov, side-ron-ni-kov of is-tin-no-sti of storage in the temple in De-m-re sar- ko-fa-ha, without-basis-va-tel-na. So, traces inside the coffin, supposedly from the source of the holy relics of the world, could not have been left by manna. In chronicles, it is said that the coffin of Ni-ko-lai Chu-do-creator was “full of holy moisture”, and traces on the wall kah ex-po-no-ru-e-mine in the Nikol-sky temple, the coffin-no-tsy does not reach even a quarter of the volume. Transparent liquid, you-de-la-e-may still stop holy-ti-la Ni-ko-laya, has con-si-sten-tion, “Like-chewing on the water of the mountain-no-go is-toch-no-ka” and leaving no traces on the stone sar-ko-fa-ge in Ba -ri, made-lan-nome from pri-ve-zen-no-go from the World of Li-ki-sky stones.
So, until now, in Turkey, pa-lom-ni-kam and tu-ri-stam tell-say-zy-va-yut local legend that “hurrying italian merchants uro-no-whether a few bones ", and later "these parts would-whether for-bot-whether-in-bra-we ... zhi-te-la-mi Mir ", slo-us in the la-retz," someone you-be-la-et-sya in the museum of An-ta-lii ". This statement is yav-la-et-sya you-dum-coy. On the very de-le, the might-schi carried be-re-rezh-but, and ko-sti, you-becoming-la-e-my as ex-po-nat in the halls of the ar-heo-museum lo-gyi, would-be-yes-re-na-museum "a certain Italian-lian-coy in 1925" In 2004, professor of su-deb-noy pa-to-lo-gyi Fran-che-sko In-tro-na studied bones, ex-po-no-ru-e-mye in the museum of An-ta-liya, and came to you-in-du, that these bones do not correspond to the remains, on-going in the tombs of Ba-ri and Ve-ne-tion, and, more than that, come-over-le-zha-whether mo-lo-to-mu-lo-ve-ku. Only in 2011, ex-per-ta-mi mi-ni-ster-stva tu-riz-ma Tur-tsii ko-sti, you-becoming-lav-shi-e-sya in An-ta-lii like the remains of No-el Ba-by, would-whether we-know-we are under-del-ny-mi. In connection with this, they are removed from the ex-po-zi-tion of the museum.
Ko-slave-went about another four-ty-by-two miles to the island of Me-gi-sti. Yes-lea, walk about five miles, would they-would-you-need-we because of the intensified wind-ra coming closer to on -right-le-nii Pa-tar, city-ro-yes, where Saint Ni-ko-lai was born. One-to-the-storm and still from-but-si-tel-naya proximity to the Mi-rams for-sta-vi-whether ba-ri-tsev de-anchored and moored - then-va-sya in the bay at Per-dik-kei, three miles away. Because of the torment of the inexperienced mo-rya-ki re-shi-li that the saint does not give blessings on the journey . Some of the sailors pre-lo-zhi-whether to leave the relics in Pa-ta-rah or return to Mir. One of the members of the team supposedly lived that part of the relics could be in a better way during the raising of the relics in the temple in Mira. Ko-man-di-ry ko-slave with this co-gla-si-lis and re-shi-li to collect all the participants in the company, oblige to swear on the Evangelion, that you don’t hide parts from the holy relics of Ni-ko-lai Chu-do-creator. Five-te-ro from the mo-ryaks were recognized in uta-and-va-nii of some part of the remains of the saint when they were taken out of sar-ko-fa-ga in Mi-ra. So, “Gri-mo-ald co-knew that he had taken two teeth” of the saint. “Here everything is from-yes-yes, its return, but and half-or-whether all the members, each with-not-sya, what he took.” In the morning the storm subsided, and the wind changed to a favorable one for sailing. The Ba-ri-tsy understand that their sacred duty is to bring the relics of the saint to Ba-ri in one piece.
When did you go 75 miles, on April 18, 1087, did you reach Tra-hei-sko-go for-li-va, one of the seas on named Di-se-gy said that he saw a saint in a dream, someone said to him: “Do not be afraid of any lei. after the passage of two or twenty days, we will all be already in the city of ro-de-Ba-ri. After a long journey, in the evening, they reached the island of Mi-los, where they were given a good sign in vi - de bold bird. Did you decide to build a worthy temporary cove, “to place sacred remains in it”, what would be done la-but. Ra-ka represented-la-la from itself a small box, lined with precious fabric, attached to An-tio-chia.
On Sunday morning, May 9, on the shore there would be from-right-le-but a few lo-docks with the goal of co-shielding the spirit-ho-ven-stvo and live-te-lyam of the city about the arrival of the relics of Ve-li-ko-th-holy. In the second half of the day, the news about the shrine “plunged the whole city into confusion and delight. On-se-le-nie of all ages-of-races and both-of-them-fishing sta-ka-moose to the port "to become a witness-de-te-lem through-you-tea-no-go-be -tiya. At this time, in the city-ro-de from-the-day-stvo-shaft of the head of the city-ro-yes, Duke Roger, and ar-hi-bishop Ur-sus, and sea- ki from-ka-za-lis to-believe the remains of the holy-ti-te-la mel-kim vel-mo-jam. The spirit-ho-ven-stvo re-shi-lo-lo-live might-schi in co-bo-re, but, according to the sailors, they promised together with that that erected a worthy holy church on the territory of Ka-ta-pa-nii. Most of the people approved of the promise of dare-cha-kov, others, perhaps, under-stre-ka-e-my local spirit-ho-ven- by the way, before-la-ha-whether in-place the relics of the saint-ti-te-la Ni-ko-lai in the city's so-bo-re. Wishing in a peaceful way to eliminate the thread of different-but-glory, on-to-I-tel of the city-of-the-mo-on-stay of the holy Be-ne- dik-ta Elijah convinced the ka-pi-ta-new times-to-place the body of the saint in the church-vi of his mo-on-stay-rya under the blue-de-ni-em in -weapon-women's security, until there will be no windows-cha-tel-noe solution ka-sa-tel-but me-a-hundred-a-hundred-yan- but-go pre-wa-va-niya the remains of the saint-ti-te-la Ni-ko-lai. To the ringing of ko-lo-ko-lov of all the city’s temples, the holy-ti-te-la No-ko-lai would be re-re-not-se-ny to the church John-on Pred-te-chi be-not-dik-tin-go-mo-on-stay-rya, “where they went in those three days”. Immediately after the arrival of the relics of the holy favour, no-ka "from them flowed many-number-numbers-of-purposes" . On May 12, 1087, the ar-chi-bishop Ur-sul arrived in the city in a hurry and ordered re-re-not-sti relics in the city council . But the wave-not-on-ro-yes and in-weapon-women's skirmish between on-se-le-ni-em and the army of ar-chi-episco-pa, in ho -de-something-swarm-died two people-lo-ve-ka, you-well-di-whether Ur-su-la from-ka-zat-sya from this idea. Meanwhile, mo-rya-ki in co-pro-leader-de-nii on-ro-yes, did you-carry-we-we-pleasing God and in-a-hundred-whether them in church-vi of the holy moo-che-ni-ka Ev-sta-chia on the ter-ri-to-rii Ka-ta-pa-ni, the courtyard -le-zhal ger-tso-gu Rod-zhe-ru, pol-zo-val-sya pra-va-mi pa-tro-nat-stva, .. and for-vi-sat from civil power -sti ". Bla-go-da-rya this-mu once-before-ry subsided. The arch-hi-bishop gave permission to build a new temple. Ku-ri-ro-vat building-and-tel-stvo was-lo in-ru-che-but ab-ba-tu Elijah. On July 8, 1087, a large-scale construction of a new church was started in honor of St. Ni-ko-lai, for which it was necessary carry several buildings, including several churches.
Glory of chu-de-sah and is-tse-le-ni-yah, pro-is-ho-div-shih from the relics of saint-te-la Ni-ko-lai, quick times - carried across the whole of Europe. Many temples, mo-at-st-ri and great-ve-te-we-we-we-were-we-we-we-have-to-own parts of the relics of the Holy One. Carrying out rich sacrifices, many count-you-wa-whether on re-da-chu parts of power.
So, in 1092, during the turn-of-red-no-go-of-the-seation of Apu-liya, Baron Vi-lyam Pan-tulf in-lu-cha-et as a gift from the bar-ri- tsev “a tooth of a ve-li-ko-go-mu-zh” and two fragments from the sar-ko-fa-ga of saint-te-la Ni-ko-lai from the World of Li-ki-sky, someone -rye v-zet to se-be on ro-di-nu to England. One-on-a-bar-ri-tsy, remembering the case with the theft of fragments of the body of the Holy One while raising him from the tomb-ni-tsy in Mi -rach Li-ki-sky and further-their obstacles in the plane up to half-th return-that in-hi-shchen-no-go, as pra- vi-lo, from-ka-zy-va-li in re-da-che of particles of power. This is a question of qi-ro-va-lo repeated tortures of theft of parts of the relics already from Ba-ri.
Several fic-si-ro-van-nyh trans-steps-le-ny, connected with the sacredness, have come down to us. One knight king
by the name of Christ-sto-for, someone participated in the or-ga-ni-for-tion pe-re-no-sa relics of saint-te-la Ni-ko -laya, “tai-but hid in the ru-ka-ve a part from the rib-ra of the saint-ti-te-la”. After this, he gets sick and goes to the mo-on-stir, where he sacrifices in a hi-schen-ny part-sti-tsu.
In 1090, a certain Stefan, who recently (1020) os-no-van-no-go mo-na-sta-rya of the city of An-same, according to le-niyu pr-vi-te-la of the city-ro-da and ab-ba-ta mo-na-sta-rya, “taking off my mo-on-she-clothes, in se- poured in Ba-ri and arranged for a ra-bo-tu scribe. ” Enter in the trust to the local servants of the church of St. Ni-ko-lai, he committed the theft of part of the ni-tsy, in a bo-ga-decorated silver re-liqua-ry. Ob-on-ru-live from the presence of the holy-you-no, bar-ri-tsy in-la-li messengers throughout Italy and Si-tsi-li to prevent re-re-me-shche-nia of the saint-you-no to France. Gra-ni-tsy pe-re-roofs, and Stefan was you-need-to hide. He drew the relics from the re-liqua-ria, and sold the se-reb-ro. But soon he was detained near the city of Ve-no-za, and the relics were re-re-da-used in the monastery of the Holy Trinity.
After this, it would be re-she-but to hide the remains of the saint and stop access to them. The local tradition reports that Saint Ni-ko-lai appeared in a dream to one mo-na-hu and said: “Bla- go-in-le-ni-em all-mighty God, I came to you in the city of Bar; now I want my relics to be in the same way under the pre-table. In the name of the holy God-please-no-god would-la is-half-not-on - his relics would-be-lo-the-same-we under the pre-table, where on-ho -dyat-sya and at the present time.
At the end of the first, you-sya-che-le-tia re-li-gi-oz-noe in-chi-ta-nie Ni-ko-lai Chu-do-creator in Ve-ne -tions were at the level of chi-ta-nia apo-sto-la Mar-ka, the power of something-ro-go on January 31, 829, would it be with-ve-ze -ny from Aleksandria. At that time, Ve-ne-tion pre-ten-do-va-la on a single-personal control in the Adri-a-ti-che-sea. Local know for a long time, but in-du-we-va-la with-about-re-sti te-lo in-cro-vi-te-la sea travels, to underline -give your own in-li-ti-che-sky and military status, as well as in-zi-qi-o-ni-ro-va-nie yourself like re-li-gi -oz-no-go center-tra. In all vi-di-mo-sti, we-not-qi-an-tsy did not reconcile with the fact that the bari-tsy oper-re-di-li them in the Worlds. In Ve-ne-tion, for-reveal that the “relics of the bishop-pa-pa Mir in Ly-kiya are not-la-yut-sya whole those -scrap this-th about-glory-len-but-th-holy. In 1099, Ve-net-tion decided-shi-la to take part in the Cross in-ho-de, someone “pa-pa pro-po-ve-gave in 1095 city in Claire-mont-they ". The participants-no-ki-ho-yes-be-ra-were on mo-lit-wo in the church of St. Ni-ko-lai on the island of Li-do. In a solemn prayer to St. Ni-ko-lai, Bishop En-ri-ko Kon-ta-ri-ni pro-sit holy blah -go-to-word this “go-to-go and give help in getting-about-re-te-nii of his holy body”. This testifies to the fact that, from the beginning, but on the way for-du-we-val-sya as a journey for the holy th Ni-ko-barking.
En-ri-ko Kon-ta-ri-ni sent to the temple one of the boxes from the al-ta-rya of St. John with hundreds of gold coins, for “arranging - not-niya damage-ba, on-not-sen-no-th temple. At the windows-cha-ni of the cross-hundred-in-go-ho-yes-yes-slave-whether, go-lo-lo-lo-thousand-thousand miles, would you come to Ve- not-tion on December 6, 1101. After the solemn meeting of the es-cad-ry, the relics of the holy lo-zhe-us in ho-ro-sho guard-nya-e-my tower "small church-vi, on the be-re-gu". Fearing for the safety of relics, ve-not-qi-an-tsy you-sta-vi-whether strengthened security. Later, in 1628, the mighty raz-me-sti-li over the pre-scrap table in the church of st. skom mo-on-sta-re on the island of Li-do.
The Ba-ri-tsy always for-yav-la-whether that the bodies of the saint-ti-te-la are on their way. For a pro-long-same-nii for almost eight-and-a-lo-vi-noy centuries from the mo-men-ta-la-zhe-of the relics of saint-te-la Ni- ko-barking in the stone sar-co-fag under the throne of the lower church in Bari, no one could see the relics of the Chu-do-creator, unless only through a small round hole under the pre-table, and then only a fragment of bones. Because of this, pe-ri-o-di-che-ski, there is no-ka-li with-me-niya - “are there mo-shchi inside the coffin-ni-tsy , or at least a part of the epi-sko-pa Mir-li-ki-sko-go? We-not-qi-an-tsy, on-against, wanting to assure the whole world that the relics are on the island of Li-do, not once -briefly from-kry-va-li ra-ku with mo-scha-mi:
January 13, 1449, there was a pro-of-ve-de-but opening of a ra-ki, in the course of something-ro-go for-swe-de-tel-stvo-va -but is-te-che-nie liquid from relics;
May 25, 1634, confirm-di-whether there are bodies of St. Ni-ko-lai Ve-li-ko-go, and re-lo-zhi-li gro- would be in the marble sar-co-fag over al-ta-rem and for-wi-de-tel-stvo-va-li that the relics of Ni-ko-lai chu-do-creator before -become-la-yut from yourself frag-men-you ko-stay white-lo-go color.
September 17, 1992 pro-from-we-de-na ex-per-ti-for relics with the participation of pro-fess-so-ra Lu-i-ji Mar-ti- but, but this will be discussed below.
In contrast to the shrine of the saint in Venetia, his sarcophagus in Bari was first opened in 1953. From May 6, 1953 to May 6 1957, from-in-di-lis-ka-pi-tal-nye-ra-bo-you to strengthen the walls of the ba-zi-li-ki and the crypt. “By the blessing of Pope Pius XII, the sar-co-fag of St. Nicholas was opened; his remains, some of them have not been opened since the day they were put in the sar-co-fag pa-pa Ur-ban II, were they careful tel-but osvi-de-tel-stvo-va-ny. At the bottom of the sar-ko-fa-ha there was up to 2 cm of transparent liquid, similar to the water of the mountains-no-go is-exact-no-ka. Professor Lou-i-ji Mar-ti-no was invited as an ex-per-ta to lead a co-mission, pro-div-shui an-tro-by-met-ri-che-sky and an-tro-by-lo-gi-che-study of the remains for the “better ma-niya about-ra-for saint-ti-te-la Ni-ko-lai ".
In the process of ex-per-ty-zy, would you pre-pri-nya-you try to restore the appearance of saint-te-la Ni-ko-lai . According to the re-zul-ta-there research-follow-to-va-niya, would you make the following-du-yu-you-vo-dy:
Saint Ni-ko-lai mentioned pre-im-s-sven-but solid plant food, had a height of about 167 san-ti-meters;
- “attached to the white ev-ro-peo-id-noy medium-di-earth-but-sea race, for some ha-rak-ter-na medium height, swarthy skin, you-with-a forehead ", which corresponds to the tra-di-ci-on-nym icon-but-written-imo-bra- no-no-yam.
Bless-go-da-rya to study the remains of the saint in the best way, but for the key about the diseases of the saint and their -chi-nah. So, would it be confirmed the data on the ty-rem-n-key-and-torture of the saint.
In Venice, in the temple of San Nick-co-lo del Li-do, from September to November 1992, another osvi-de- the office of the relics of three saints, brought from Mir in the 12th century, including Ve-li-ko-go Ni-ko- barking Chu-do-creator. Os-no-va-ni-em for the pro-ve-de-tion of this ex-per-ti-zy became-lo research-follow-before-va-tion of the remains in Ba-ri, someone swarm confirm-di-lo their belonging to the saint-ti-te-lu Ni-ko-lai. In connection with this, the study of the remains stored on the island of Li-do became especially-ben-but ak-tu-al-nym. Pro-professor Lou-i-ji Mar-ti-no took part in the study of the relics, someone led the ex-pert group-pu in Ba-ri in 1953
During the work, it was-lo osvi-de-tel-stvo-va-but three de-re-vyan-ny coffins, in one of some of them on-ho-di-lissed the relics of the holy-ty-te-la Ni-ko-lai Peace-li-ki-sko-go. Among the relics in the coffin, there were no-ho-di-liss:
Fragment of the svo-yes-che-re-pa, the belonging of someone-ro-go to the given skele-le-tu is not confirmed. In addition, he could not be a part of the head of Ni-ko-lai-do-miracle-creator, because “after osv-de-tel-stvo-va- cabbage soup in Ba-ri was because of the vest, but that the whole skull of the saint is on-going there ”; dark, flat, rounded shape of a ka-men with Greek over-pi-syu: Ko-laya ";
Co-judgment with the world;
Old mo-not-you of different years and other pre-me-you.
As a result of the opening of the coffin, would you have done the following:
Ko-sti have many-numbers-numbers of over-lo-we, arising in re-zul-ta-te hurries of the Bari-sky seas, and so - the same rude actions of Mat-fey during the removal of the remains from the tomb-ni-tsy in the Mirs, and they represent from themselves a “big-sho -li-che-stvo (more than five-ti-hundreds) fragments of se-ro-va-to-be-lo-go color-ta ";
The color of the relics is due to the fact that, ve-ro-yat-but, they “on-ho-di-lied for a long time under the influence of direct sun-beams or co-stored in because of the ”that made la-lo more fragile-ki-mi and ugly-vi-we -mi;
On the left shoulder bone and on the left big tibia bone, there are traces of the removal of the bone ma-te- ri-la, perhaps, these are traces of deleting some-ro-go-fragment-men-ta-ko-sti for installation in re-liqua-ria and more -vi-kethat wi-de-tel-stu-et about the belonging of the remains of "ve-li-koy-no-sti";
- “white bones, na-ho-dya-schi-e-sya in Li-do in Ve-ne-tion, correspond to the missing parts ske-le-ta in Ba-ri ", which corresponds to the is-to-ri-che-sky fact of re-re-not-se-niya relics from Mir Li- Kiy-skikh in Ba-ri at the end of the XI century. and in Venice in the 12th century, and also confirms the authenticity of the very remains of St. Nicholas.
Ve-ne-tion and Ba-ri, pox-ri-vaya vla-de-nie mo-shcha-mi saint-ti-te-la Ni-ko-lai at the World of Li-ki-sky, pre-after-before -whether not only re-li-gi-oz-nye, but also quite secular goals - the assertion of dominance and prestige on Adri-a-ti -che-sky mo-re. In the Middle Ages, it was-la-moose sea-mi in-ro-ta-mi in the middle and northern Europe, through which they went v-ry, weapons and riches. Having in the city-ro-de-mo-schi in-cro-vi-te-la of sea travels, zh-te-whether about-re-ta-whether not only mo-lit- vein-no-ka before God, but also a powerful symbol of power, which for re-li-gi-oz-but-by-li-ti-che-views then- th time-me-no would-lo de-scrap che-sti.
Studying the domestic and foreign-beige-on-scientific whether-te-ra-tu-ry for-for-lo, that, despite the sign chi-tel-ny in-te-res is-to-ri-kov and bo-go-word-ov to ras-smat-ri-va-e-my on-mi te-me, in-te-re- the sphere that su-used us as a whole remained outside the attention of scientists. In this work, we are pro-ana-li-zi-ro-wa-li and for-ka-for-whether the unity of different texts in the description of the to-rii of the relics of Ni-ko-lai Chu-to-creator; before-pri-nya-whether in-torture si-ste-ma-ti-zi-ro-vat and consider in chrono-lo-gi-che-sky in a row-ke fak- you are about the re-re-not-se-nii of the relics of the saint-te-la Ni-ko-lai, described in the middle-not-ve-ko-vy chro-ni-kah; so-by-sta-vi-li in-for-ma-tion from written-men-is-toch-no-kov with ar-heo-lo-gi-che-ski-mi is-sle-do-va -no-I-mi and in-li-ti-che-sky ob-hundred-new-coy in Ve-ne-tion, Ba-ri and Li-kii from the next-du-e-my centuries. All of the above-from-lo-women-noe has a great meaning for do-ka-for-tel-stva te-zi-sa about without-al-ter-na-tiv-noy true-tin-no-sti of events in the reviewed texts.
On the basis of the os-no-va-nii of ar-heo-lo-gi-che-s-sle-before-va-niy and ana-li-for the chronicle, in-west-woo-yu-shchi about pe- re-not-se-nii of the remains in Ba-ri and V-ne-tsiyu, in this ra-bo-te there was a definitive de le-no-one hundred first-first -but-go for-ho-ro-non-niya ve-li-ko-go Chu-do-creator, where later bar-ri-tsy and ve-not-qi-an-tsy ob-re -whether the holy relics of Ni-ko-lai Mir-li-ki-sko-go. So it would have been a dis-verg-well, a ra-pro-stra-n-noe me-tion about a coffin-no-tse, in some swarm, supposedly, it would have been in-ho-ro-nen -ti-tel.
In re-zul-ta-te, we could briefly, but max-si-mal-but accurately from-lo-live the history of the relics of saint-te-la Ni-ko -barking, as well as con-kre-ti-zi-ro-vat in-for-ma-tion about historical personalities and geo-gra-fi-ches on-call-no-yah, mentioned-me-well-tyh in connection with the pre-me-time-bi-ra-e-my on-mi-we. Analysis of is-toch-ni-kov and ana-to-mi-che-is-sle-before-va-ny pro-de-mon-stri-ro-val us unity and non-pro-ti-vo -re-chi-vost from-lo-same-niya chro-no-logia of events.
Deacon Dionisy Kuprichenkov
Notes
“From the choice of the holy-ty-te-la Ni-ko-lai ar-hi-epi-sko-pom of the city-ro-da of the World from-no-sit-sya near-zi-tel- but by 300 (Bu-ga-ev-sky A.V., Vla-di-mir Zo-rin, ar-chem. Saint Ni-ko-lai, ar-chi-bishop Mir Li-ki-skikh , Ve-li-ki Chu-do-tvo-retz: his life, in a move-gi and chu-do-your-re-niya, from-lo-women-nye in ancient Greek, la- Tin-sky and Slav-Vyan-sky ru-ko-pi-syam (yes-lea - St. Ni-ko-lai, ar-hi-bishop Mir Li-ki-sky, Ve-li- cue Chu-do-tvo-retz...), M. 2001, p. 18). The saint was seized, subjected to torture and thrown into the same place, where he spent a long time - from na-cha-la go-not-ny Dio-kle-ti-a-na (302) until his release in 311 or 313 (see ibid. P. 22 ). In such a way, holy-ti-tel-no-sit ti-tul Ar-khi-episco-pa The world of the Li-ki-skys in those 35 years, 11 of someone ryh he spent in the key-che-nii. Fak-ti-che-ski at the cafe-re, he was on-ho-dil-sya from 300 to 302, and from 311 to 335.
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The meaning of Nicholas the Wonderworker in Christian culture
Nicholas the Wonderworker, who is also called Saint Nicholas, lived in the 4th century in Asia Minor (now the territory of Turkey). He was a priest, and then became the archbishop of the city of Myra Lycian. In church traditions there is evidence of numerous miracles performed by the saint. Christians believe that Nicholas the Wonderworker still helps people. He is considered one of the patrons of wanderers, in addition, Saint Nicholas is one of the most revered Christian saints.
By church calendar celebrations in his honor are held twice a year: on December 19 - on the day of his death and on May 22 - in memory of the transfer of relics from the Lycian World to the city of Bar, which is now called Bari.
Initially, the saint was buried in the Church of St. Sion, where he served, in the city of Myra in the confederation of ancient Lycia (now the city of Demre in Turkey). In May 1087, Italian merchants stole most of the saint's relics and took them to Bari.
Since 1969, Catholics have allowed the Orthodox to hold services in the crypt of the Basilica of St. Nicholas in Bari according to their rites. After these divine services, which take place every week on Thursdays, everyone can venerate the relics through a special window in the marble altar.
In Russia, the veneration of Nicholas the Wonderworker is very common, and the number of churches dedicated to him and painted icons was the largest after the Virgin. Until the beginning of the 20th century, his name was one of the most popular in Russia when naming babies.
Decision on the delivery of the relics of Nicholas the Wonderworker from Bari to Russia
The relics of Nicholas the Wonderworker have never left the papal basilica in the Italian city of Bari in 930 years. There was an exception. The relics are kept under the throne of the altar of the crypt - immured underground. Every year, hundreds of believers from Russia came to Bari to bow to the saint.
An agreement on the delivery of part of the relics of the saint was reached at the historical in Havana on February 12, 2016. Patriarch Kirill said that for the majority of Russian Orthodox, pilgrimages to Italy are difficult to accomplish. Therefore, it was decided to extract part of the relics (left rib) from under the bushel in order to send it to Russia. The process of separating part of the relics was carried out by medical specialists with the help of special devices.
How long will the relics of Nicholas the Wonderworker remain in Russia?
Bringing part of the relics of St. Nicholas from Italy - from May 21 to July 28. The relics in Moscow will be in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. You can bow to the relics on May 22 from 12:00 to 21:00. And from May 23 to July 12, pilgrims will have access from 8:00 to 21:00. The queue to the Cathedral of Christ the Savior will be formed from the Crimean bridge. Volunteers will give the believers water to drink, and the authorities decided to establish catering points along the line. In July, the relics will be transferred to St. Petersburg.
The bringing of the relics is timed to the day of the memory of the saint. It was decided to meet the ark with the relics with a festive chime in churches throughout Moscow.
Delivery is carried out by a special board. And at the jewelry factory, for the arrival of the relics, a 40-kilogram ark was made of precious metals. In addition, to the bringing of relics in Russia. It was created by icon painter Olga Zhukova.
All information about the bringing of the relics of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker to Russia can be found on a specially created website.
At whose expense the relics of Nicholas the Wonderworker will be delivered to Russia
The Russian company PhosAgro and the Guryev family personally financed the delivery of the relics of Saint Nicholas to Russia and their return to Bari.
PhosAgro is one of the world's leading manufacturers of phosphorus-containing fertilizers. Her CEO— Andrey Guryev. This company has always paid for charters for Russian pilgrims to the relics of the saint twice a year. Participation in the delivery of relics to Russia was a continuation of this good deed, said priest Alexander Volkov, press secretary of Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia.
Miracles of Saint Nicholas
Orthodox believe that Saint Nicholas is considered the patron saint of travelers. According to church traditions, he performed many of his miracles while traveling by ship to Palestine, where he went to bow to the local saints. Nicholas showed the gift of foresight, he warned the sailors about the impending storm. When a storm came up, Saint Nicholas reassured the team and prayed to God - the elements subsided without causing trouble.
During the journey, Nicholas the Wonderworker resurrected one of the sailors, who died after slipping on the deck. The young man came to life after praying.
During stops along the coast, the saint physically and spiritually healed people: he cast out evil spirits, healed from illnesses, and gave consolation in sorrows.
According to church tradition, Nicholas the Wonderworker saved his native people in the Lycian country, where famine raged. Before sailing, the merchant saw in a dream a saint who ordered him to sail to Lycia and gave him a deposit - three gold coins. Waking up, the merchant really found money in his hand and fulfilled the will of the saint.
In 1956, an event took place in Kuibyshev (today Samara), which is now known as the “Standing of Zoya”. According to legend, during the celebration of the New Year, the girl Zoya, without waiting for the groom, removed the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker from the wall and began to dance with her with the words: “If there is a God, let him punish me.” Suddenly she froze in place with the icon pressed to her chest, they could not budge her. This went on for a long time, but before the feast of the Annunciation, the handsome old man got into the house where the girl was standing. He turned to Zoya with the words: “Well, are you tired of standing?” And when the guards looked into the room, they did not see him there. The girl stood motionless for 128 days, then the petrification began to pass - at this time she asked everyone to pray for peace and prayed herself.
