Comparative characteristics of Horya and Kalinich
“Khor and Kalinich” is the first story from the cycle “Notes of a Hunter” by I. S. Turgenev. He appeared in the Sovremennik magazine in 1847. The main idea of the author was to show what customs, foundations and life values were in one of the provincial corners of Russia. With this story, Turgenev actually refuted the opinion that had developed about the peasants, that they did not know how to conduct a regular household, did not make friends, were not hospitable hosts, but only catered to the landowners, did not know how to admire nature. To describe the main characters, the author used the method of comparison. So, two completely different peasants, Khor and Kalinich, are bound by bonds of strong friendship.
Khor was a rational and businesslike man. He lived away from the master and was completely independent. At the same time, he paid him dues in a timely manner and was on good terms with him. He traded in oil and tar, which brought him profit and financial independence. Khor's house was no worse than the landlord's estate. In his large family, harmony and prosperity always reigned. His sons, although of different ages, were all stately giants, very similar to each other. Particular attention in the story is given to the active mind and ingenuity of Khory. He is more than once compared with great people, for example, Socrates, or Peter the Great. This man had a sense of his own dignity, spoke little, but to the point, was interested in public and state affairs, and in general was closer to people.
Kalinich, unlike him, was "close to nature." He was the complete opposite of Khor. Kalinich's house was small, there was no family. This hero spent all his time in nature, either hunting with a master or doing an apiary. By nature, he was a romantic and a dreamer. Being not a very practical person, he needed Horya's support. At the same time, Khor also needed the openness and cheerful disposition of Kalinich. Neither Khor nor Kalinich fawned over the master. Both were friends with him, but in different ways. Whereas Khor saw through Polutykin, Kalinich firmly believed everything he said and always followed him wherever he went. The story also notes the poetic soul of Kalinich. He loved to sing songs and admire nature. He could come to visit a friend with a bunch of strawberries. Also, this hero had special abilities, he knew how to speak blood, get rid of fear, etc.
Such different characters, and so harmoniously complemented each other. There were no conflicts between them, but only love, respect and mutual assistance. The softness and independence of Kalinich were organically complemented by Khory's pragmatism. At the end of the story, they sing a song together that reveals the soul of ordinary Russian peasants. These heroes once again confirm the richness of the soul, the cordiality and talent of Russia.
The writing
KALINYCH - the hero of I.S. Turgenev's story "Khor and Kalinych" (1847) from the series "Notes of a Hunter". In contrast to Khor, the hero of the same story, K. symbolizes the poetic side of the Russian national character. The everyday life of a hero who does not have business acumen is poorly organized: he has no family, he has to spend all the time with his landowner Polutykin, go hunting with him, etc. At the same time, there is no servility in K.'s behavior, he loves and respects Polu-tykin, completely trusts him and watches him like a child. The best traits of K.'s character are manifested in his touching friendship with Khorem. So, the narrator meets him for the first time when K brings his friend a bunch of field strawberries, and admits that he did not expect such "tenderness" from the peasant. The image of K. opens in the "Notes of a Hunter" a number of "free people" from the people: they cannot constantly live in the same place, doing the same thing. Among such heroes are Kasyan from "The Beautiful Sword", Yer-molai, the companion of the narrator-hunter, appearing in the stories "Yermolai and the Miller's Woman", "My Neighbor Radilov", "Lgov", etc. Such a type with his poetry, spiritual softness, sensitive attitude to nature is no less important for Turgenev than a reasonable and practical hero: they both represent different, but complementary sides of the nature of a Russian person. Following the tradition of Turgenev, A.I. Kuprin creates two opposite characters, similar to Khory and K., in the story “The Wilderness” (originally “In the Wilderness”, 1898). This is the Sotsky Kirill and the woodsman Talimon, but such a type as K. turns out to be more attractive to Kuprin, therefore his impractical, kind and modest Talimon is higher in his spiritual appearance than the narcissistic and talkative Kirill.
Other writings on this work
Why did I. S. Turgenev’s “Notes of a Hunter” so please the readers and frighten the authorities (according to the stories “Bezhin Meadow” and “Biruk”) Comparison of Pavlusha with Ilyusha. What feelings do these boys evoke in the author? (I.S. Turgenev "Notes of a hunter")"-" Khor and Kalinich"- Turgenev outlined the two main types of the Russian peasantry, which are repeated in a variety of ways, in a different combination of their features.
Khor is, as it were, the personification of Russian efficiency, intelligence, a practical, sober worker, taking care of the well-being of his own and his family, always busy, like an ant, about the order and prosperity of his home. He is honest and conscientious, but his soul does not hurt for all those who suffer, he is only concerned about his own affairs; just as little touches him and the beauty of nature and the lofty motives of man.
Khor and Kalinich. audiobook
Kalinich is the exact opposite of Khor, he is a person, as it were, from a different world than Khor. Kalinich is distinguished precisely by the absence of any practicality and concern for his well-being. For him, the voice of inner needs is stronger than external needs, he is obedient to the call of his dreamy poetic soul, which cannot endure a dry, businesslike, selfish life, filled with calculations and worries only about bread. Therefore, Kalinich, impelled by the need for spiritual freedom and poetic impressions, goes into the fields and forests and spends his life in some kind of religious contemplation of the world.
This is the main difference between Khor and Kalinich: Khor is a man of reason and deed; Kalinich is a man of feeling and poetic contemplation. This also determines the difference in the whole way of their life.
The polecat is highly adapted to the struggle of life, to hard work, to patience in the inconspicuous ant work. He is sensitive, he is insightful and knows how to deal with people; he gets along with the master and knows how to maintain order in his own hut, in which he has a full bowl. With family, he is strict, but fair. This is, in the full sense, the “owner”, the head of the family, the builder of her well-being and her entire way of life, who invariably guards this order and combines good nature with severity. He personifies that Russia, which bore the age-old hard work of working life, distinguished by stamina in this work and natural common sense. These are “worldly workers”, in contrast to those religiously minded natures, whom Russia knows by the thousands in its midst and whose personification is Kalinich.
Kalinychi in ancient Russia went to “pray for peace” in the forests and deserts, giving themselves up to the call of religious attraction and despising the blessings and advantages of the world. Like them, Kalinich in Turgenev's story is alien to self-interest, selfishness and the slightest thirst for acquisitions. He abandoned his house, his affairs, he enthusiastically wanders through the forest and across the field, admiring the beauty of the world, feeling the mysterious harmony in everything around him. He, as it were, fulfills the gospel covenant: “First seek the Kingdom of God... Live like the birds of the air...” He, like a bird of the sky, lives. His soul is gentle and meek.
“Khor and Kalinich” is the first story from the cycle “Notes of a Hunter” by I. S. Turgenev. He appeared in the Sovremennik magazine in 1847. The main idea of the author was to show what customs, foundations and life values were in one of the provincial corners of Russia. With this story, Turgenev actually refuted the opinion that had developed about the peasants, that they did not know how to conduct a regular household, did not make friends, were not hospitable hosts, but only catered to the landowners, did not know how to admire nature. To describe the main characters, the author used the method of comparison. So, two completely different peasants, Khor and Kalinich, are bound by bonds of strong friendship.
Khor was a rational and businesslike man. He lived away from the master and was completely independent. At the same time, he paid him dues in a timely manner and was on good terms with him. He traded in oil and tar, which brought him profit and financial independence. Khor's house was no worse than the landlord's estate. In his large family, harmony and prosperity always reigned. His sons, although of different ages, were all stately giants, very similar to each other. Particular attention in the story is given to the active mind and ingenuity of Khory. He is more than once compared with great people, for example, Socrates, or Peter the Great. This man had a sense of his own dignity, spoke little, but to the point, was interested in public and state affairs, and in general was closer to people.
Kalinich, unlike him, was "close to nature." He was the complete opposite of Khor. Kalinich's house was small, there was no family. This hero spent all his time in nature, either hunting with a master or doing an apiary. By nature, he was a romantic and a dreamer. Being not a very practical person, he needed Horya's support. At the same time, Khor also needed the openness and cheerful disposition of Kalinich. Neither Khor nor Kalinich fawned over the master. Both were friends with him, but in different ways. Whereas Khor saw through Polutykin, Kalinich firmly believed everything he said and always followed him wherever he went. The story also notes the poetic soul of Kalinich. He loved to sing songs and admire nature. He could come to visit a friend with a bunch of strawberries. Also, this hero had special abilities, he knew how to speak blood, get rid of fear, etc.
Such different characters, and so harmoniously complemented each other. There were no conflicts between them, but only love, respect and mutual assistance. The softness and independence of Kalinich were organically complemented by Khory's pragmatism. At the end of the story, they sing a song together that reveals the soul of ordinary Russian peasants. These heroes once again confirm the richness of the soul, the cordiality and talent of Russia.
Characteristics of the hero
KHOR - the hero of the story by I. S. Turgenev "Khor and Kalinich" (1847) from the series "Notes of a Hunter". This is one of the most interesting peasant types in Russian literature. He personifies a healthy practical principle: being a quitrent peasant, X. lives independently of his landowner, Polutykin, his economy is well-established, he has many children. The author especially notes the active mind of his hero as an integral part of his nature. This is manifested in conversations with another hero of the Notes, the narrator: “From our conversations, I got one conviction that Peter the Great was predominantly a Russian person, Russian precisely in his transformations. What is good - he likes it, what is reasonable - give it to him, but where it comes from - he does not care. This comparison, as well as the comparison of the appearance of X. with the appearance of Socrates, gives special significance to the image of X. The most important means of characterizing this hero is a parallel with another character, Kalinych. On the one hand, they are clearly opposed as a rationalist and an idealist, on the other hand, friendship with Kalinych reveals in the image of X. such features as an understanding of music and nature. The character of the hero is reflected in a peculiar way in his relations with Polutykin: there is no dependence in X's behavior, and he is not redeemed from the serfs for some practical reasons. X. is not the only similar type among Turgenev's heroes. In the "Notes of a Hunter" a certain image of the Russian national character is formed, testifying to the viability of this solid, businesslike beginning. Along with X., such heroes as the one-palace Ovsyannikov, Pav-lusha, Tchertop-hanov, county Hamlet belong to him. Features of this literary type are found in Turgenev later in the image of Bazarov.
