Cinder block is a relatively inexpensive material with excellent performance and properties. If desired, you can build a wonderful garage from it without involving third-party workers for this. How? Let's tell now!
Preparatory activities
Self-construction of a cinder block garage begins with a number of important preparatory activities. Follow the given sequence.
Location selection
First of all, we choose a suitable place for the construction of our caravan. It is convenient when the garage is located next to the house - in bad weather you don’t have to get wet in the rain and wade through snowdrifts.
It is better that the garage is located at a minimum distance from the exit from the site. The number of turns should be minimal. It is not recommended to build a cinder block garage in a lowland, because. this threatens with flooding by atmospheric and ground waters.
Be sure to make sure that there are no communication lines in the place of the planned construction, such as:
- plumbing;
- power lines;
- sewerage and heating pipes.
If the listed communications break down in the future, the presence of a garage will significantly complicate their repair.
Make sure that when building a garage on the chosen site, there will be enough space for opening the gate. It will be useful to have a free place to park the car for the time of washing and other work.
Construction site marking
Having chosen a suitable place for building a garage from, we proceed to marking the site. At this stage, you will need a small set of auxiliary tools, namely:
- reinforcing bars or other similar devices;
- hammer for driving rods;
- dense thread for pulling between the pegs;
- measuring tape.
Before proceeding with the marking work, it is necessary to accurately determine the dimensions of the future structure. At this point, focus on the following factors:
- available free space on the site;
- financial opportunities;
- individual preferences and needs.
If the cinder block garage will be used as a place to store a standard-sized passenger car, a building with dimensions of 6x4 m and a height of 2.5-3 m will be enough for you.
The six-meter length is due to the dimensions of the car (on average 4-5 m) with a half-meter margin for unhindered passage. The width of the car is on average 200-250 cm. Approximately 70 cm should be left for passage, installation of shelving and storage of various kinds of materials used in the garage.
If you wish, you can adjust the size of the building at your discretion. There are no strict restrictions and standard dimensions for cinder block garages.
cinder block calculation
Having chosen a place for construction and having determined the optimal dimensions of the garage, we proceed to the calculation of materials. Treat this stage of work with maximum responsibility. Due to errors at the stage of calculations, you may simply not have enough materials, or you may waste money on unnecessary blocks.
The calculation will be considered using the example of a garage with dimensions of 6x4 m and a height of 250 cm. Masonry is carried out according to the most common method for the method - in half a block. Gate dimensions - 300x230 cm.
The dimensions of one block are standardized - 39x19x18.8 cm. Based on this, 13.6 blocks will go to laying 1 m2. You will lay out the entire building from 586 elements. Usually about 5-10% of the material is added "for stock". If the design provides for the presence of additional doors and window openings, take this into account when performing the calculation.
You will also need to buy rubble stone for arranging the base, several beams made of metal or wood (in the case of a garage of the indicated dimensions, five 430 cm x beams will be enough).
Do not forget to buy for pouring the foundation or components (cement, sand and gravel) for its self-preparation.
You will also need finishing material. When choosing it, be guided by your preferences.
Buy concrete or make your own. Standard proportions:
Prices for building blocks
Building blocks
Step by step guide to building a garage
We begin the independent construction of a cinder block garage.
The first stage is the foundation
We start with the arrangement of the foundation. The cinder block structure will have a relatively small weight. A shallow tape base is enough.
We dig a trench in accordance with the markup. Ideally, the depth of the structure should exceed the level of soil freezing. Most often they are deepened by 60-80, and sometimes by 100 cm. At the same stage, we prepare recesses for the cellar and, if their presence is provided for by the project.
We attach a plastic film or roofing felt to the walls of the pit for waterproofing.
We fill the bottom of the trench with a 20-30 cm layer of a mixture of crushed stone and gravel, followed by careful tamping.
We install with the expectation that the height of the finished concrete structure is approximately 100 mm higher than the ground level.
Let the concrete mix harden. According to the regulations, concrete gains strength within 28 days. On top of the frozen tape, we lay the roofing material in two layers for waterproofing.
Stage two - walls
Determine the height and length of the walls individually. The laying of blocks is carried out like a brick. The most popular ways are as follows:
- in half a stone;
- into stone;
- one and a half stones;
- into two stones.
The thickness of the masonry directly affects the resistance of the finished walls to wind loads, temperature changes, etc.
Most often, as noted, builders use the "brick" method of laying, in which the next stacked row overlaps the seams of the underlying one. First, we lay out the corners, then we stretch the ropes between them for even masonry and continue to work.
In the process of arranging walls, we adhere to the following important rules:
In the upper part of the walls we leave nests for the installation of floor beams. Recommended dimensions - 200x200x150 mm. Gaps can then be laid or blown out. The optimal nest spacing is 100 cm.
The third stage - the roof
We make the base from I-beams - this is the best option. We select the length of the elements so that it exceeds the width of the building by 250 mm.
We lay the beams across with a step of about 1 m. We fasten the beams in a suitable way, for example, using anchors.
After that, we sew the base with bars 4 cm thick. We lay the bar as tightly as possible. We put a heater on it (mineral wool, slag or expanded clay), pour 2 cm of screed and complete the “pie” with aquaizol, rubemast or other suitable material. If you wish, you can choose another finish of your choice.
Fourth stage - floor
We do at the level with the plinth. As a standard, a screed with a thickness of at least 100 mm is poured. We pre-clean the surface of debris, level it and, if necessary, fill the bottom with sand or fine gravel.
We make the screed from concrete grade M200. The material is poured continuously, slowly, in several layers. Let the concrete set and sand the surface.
To make it convenient to drive into the garage, we equip a ramp in front of the building. Be sure to make a 50-70 cm blind area around the entire perimeter of the building. It will ensure the timely removal of water from the base.
Prices for various types of screeds and self-leveling floors
Screeds and self-leveling floors
Finishing work
We choose a specific design option at our discretion, buy it or make it ourselves and install it according to the instructions that are relevant for the selected system.
Supply electricity in an accessible way (“over the air” or “underground”). Install and lighting fixtures in the right places.
We proceed to the outer and. There are no strict restrictions and specific recommendations in this regard. Walls can be rubbed with a cement mixture, finished with plaster or whitewash, sheathed with siding, clapboard or other similar material.
The interior design is up to you. Desk, shelving - focus on your preferences and needs. Be sure to arrange a fire corner from a fire extinguisher, a box of sand, a shovel and a bucket.
Finally, bring the necessary furniture and accessories to the garage.
Find out what your options are for self-guided in our new article.
Successful work!
Video - We build a garage with our own hands
If you are going to buy a car, then you will need a garage for it. Such an acquisition is significant for many, so the newly minted owners of their own vehicle are trying to build a cheap garage with their own hands. Modern construction technologies allow you to build it in the shortest possible time, spending a minimum of funds.
Material selection
The cheapest solutions for walls will be cinder blocks and foam blocks. The latter are easier to lay, which is why consumers choose cellular concrete most often. If you are thinking about how to build a garage cheaply, then you should pay attention to the foam block, which has a small weight, so even one person will be able to handle the work process. For such a garage, a strip foundation made of concrete is suitable, while the width of the structure can be approximately 200 mm.
When thinking about how to build a garage cheaply, you should remember that it is better to make the foundation low, which will reduce the cost of construction. Three cubes of concrete will be needed to build a standard garage with dimensions of 3 x 6 m. At the same time, the base will need to be deepened by 0.9 m. It should be remembered that this parameter is not standard, because the foundation must be located below the ground freezing line.
If you want to build a cheap garage with your own hands, you also need to take care of an inexpensive roof. Traditionally, it is single-pitched with a wooden frame system and slate coating. For maximum cost reduction, it will be enough to install only a crate under the slate. It is better to refuse the use of ondulin, because it will almost double the cost of roofing.
Construction of aerated concrete garage
If you are thinking about the question of what to build a garage from, then you can choose aerated concrete. The foundation can be not only lightweight tape, but also monolithic. Experts recommend using it. With its help, it will be possible to distribute the load as evenly as possible, which will reduce sedimentary deformation to a minimum.
If you are aiming to reduce the cost of construction as much as possible, then it is better to use a strip or combined foundation, which is made of reinforced concrete and a columnar monolithic belt. After the foundation is completed and the concrete has hardened, you can begin to build walls.
The first row should be carried out on a pre-laid layer, and if you decide to use a monolithic reinforced concrete slab, then aerated concrete blocks are laid directly on the base surface. This will allow for high-quality waterproofing using roll material. Experts recommend purchasing hydrostekloizol, which is laid on top of bituminous mastic.
Walling
If, when deciding what to build a garage from, you have chosen, then their installation should be carried out with dressing of the seams. You can use cement mortar or glue as a masonry mixture. The latter option will cost a little more, but working with this mixture is much more convenient and easier. The thickness of the seam can be a limit of 3 to 5 mm, while when using a solution, this parameter will be increased to 1 cm.
Every two rows of masonry, a metal reinforcing mesh should be placed, its edges should protrude a few centimeters beyond the walls, which will allow you to control the laying of the reinforcement. When aerated concrete is used, jumper beams are laid over the opening for the gate. For one machine, the width of the opening will be approximately 3 m, while for two machines it is possible to make a common opening with a width of up to 6 m.
The jumper should be made of two profile corners, the shelf of each of which will be 100 mm. The corners should be placed along the edges of the blocks and fixed to each other or to the reinforcement in several places. Then the elements must be coated with a primer. The jumper should be laid on the same mortar that is used when laying aerated concrete blocks. The edge of the beam on both sides should be located on the walls for a length of 200 mm. If you plan to equip a wider opening, then you will need to calculate the beam, taking into account the bending load.
When building a garage from aerated concrete, you will have to complete the construction of the walls, only after that you can proceed to tying them with belts. Their design will depend on the type of roof, floors and wall features. In this case, loads must be taken into account. If it is planned to build a second floor, then it will be necessary to lay reinforced concrete. To equip the roof from wooden roof trusses, it is necessary to lay a mauerlat, which is a log or wooden beam. It should be fixed, and before laying the strapping beam on the walls, it is necessary to lay waterproofing from bituminous mastic and roll material.
Addition in the form of a viewing hole
Aerated concrete garage may require the construction of a viewing hole. For this, a pit is dug, the dimensions of which will be as follows: 1.5 x 0.8 x 1.8 mm. The inner walls of the pit must be lined with bricks, and then covered with plaster. To carry out such work, it is necessary to use slag brick, which has high water resistance.
For plastering, it is necessary to use a part of cement and 4 parts of sand, diluted with water. At the final stage, the walls are painted. Along the perimeter, you can install a frame welded from profile corners. For concreting the floor, you can use the same solution as for arranging the foundation. The layer thickness will be approximately 70 mm.
Building a cinder block garage: building a foundation
A cinder block garage can be built on It will not only be the cheapest, but also the easiest to perform. To begin with, a trench is dug, on the bottom of which rubble stone is laid in layers. Layers should be filled with cement. It is necessary to use a solution of brand M-150 or higher.
For self-preparation, Portland cement 400 must be mixed with sand and water. The liquid will need such an amount to achieve the mobility of the mixture. To install a plinth along the perimeter of the trench, it is necessary to install a wooden formwork. A waterproofing layer of two layers of roofing material is laid along the basement.
Building walls and roofs
Having bought building materials cheaply, you can start building walls. Up to this point, gates are installed, which will be strengthened into masonry as it is erected. When installing cinder blocks, it is necessary to observe the dressing of the seams. It is necessary to start the installation of products from the corners, pulling the cord between them.
I-beams 120 mm should be used for overlapping. Their length should be 25 cm more than the width of the room. The elements are located across the garage in 80 cm increments so that the elements repeat the slope of the long wall. After completing these works, you can start sewing the floor. Below are 40-mm beams, on top of which roofing material is laid.
At the next stage, slag, a semi-rigid mineral slab or expanded clay is laid. When building a cheap garage with your own hands, you should make sure that during operation it does not require repairs and additional costs. To do this, when laying the roof, it is necessary to bring it out at the back and front by 20 cm. Such visors prevent the walls from getting wet during rain. A screed is made on top of the roofing material and slag, the thickness of which should be 20 mm. At the final stage, the roof is protected from moisture with rubemast or aquaizol.
Features of building a garage from a metal profile
A garage made of a profile pipe costs only 30,000 rubles. To assemble the frame, you can use a welding machine or bolted joints. After the assembly of the frame is completed, its surface must be protected with a primer and a layer of paint applied at the final stage.
The finished frame is sheathed with sheets of profiled metal. To protect the frame, you can use special dyes that are suitable even for rusty surfaces. This choice will save not only money, but also time. When applying a paintwork material, a protective layer is created that eliminates corrosion.
Construction of a wooden garage
A garage made of boards will be able to withstand a monolithic foundation, which will also act as a strong floor. After the mortar has hardened, the bottom strapping should be made of boards, the size of which is 100 x 500 mm.
For the construction of gates and corner posts, it is necessary to use square bars with a side of 100 mm. To increase the strength of the frame in the corners, it is necessary to install struts. To build such a garage, building materials will cost you cheap. After completing the work on the frame, you can begin the construction of the roof. For this, boards 100 x 25 mm are used, which are sheathed with profiled sheets.
Conclusion
You can build a cheap garage with your own hands by installing wooden gates. Their cost compared to metal will be lower, as well as reliability. Without interior decoration, the price of a garage can be reduced even more. But if you do the work yourself, you can save on the services of specialists. You can decide which material to prefer by reading the information in the article. Below will be presented the technology of building an inexpensive garage.
There is no exact answer to the question of what to build a garage from. Each owner of an automobile building chooses building materials that are affordable and of high quality. In our article, we will get acquainted with popular materials for the manufacture of garages, find out their advantages and disadvantages.
cinder block garage
When choosing options for arranging garage walls, you should pay attention to cinder blocks. Such products occupy the second line in value after the tree. In this regard, most of the old garage buildings are made of cinder block. According to the composition, the material under consideration can be divided into several types:
- blocks from brick fight;
- shell rock;
- blast-furnace slag (differs from analogues in increased durability).
Most developers choose cinder blocks to save their budget, because such wall products are made from construction or industrial waste, which reduces their cost. Some manufacturers add polystyrene balls or perlite to its base composition to improve the heat-insulating qualities of the material.
A budget cinder block garage has many useful features, but it also has disadvantages. One of these is hygroscopicity. Such products quickly absorb moisture, which leads to the destruction of their structure. If the soil at the construction site is dry, then there will be no problems with the operation of the cinder block, such walls will serve their owner for at least 50 years. In the case when surface waters lie in close proximity to the surface of the earth, it is advisable to choose a different material for the construction of a car house. In this case, it is cheaper to build a garage from wood, because its surface can be varnished, which minimizes the impact of water. With a cinder block, such manipulations will not work.
Note! The considered building materials can be solid (used for the construction of the foundation) and hollow (used for laying load-bearing walls). The wrong choice of blocks for one purpose or another will lead to the rapid destruction of the building.
Before the construction of a cinder block garage, it is necessary to develop a project for the future construction, which indicates the overall dimensions of the building, the placement of gates, window and door openings, and materials for the construction of walls. Next, the required number of building products is calculated.
In order to build a garage with your own hands from a cinder block, you must correctly follow the sequence of construction work. First, a preliminary layout and marking of the site is carried out. On pegs hammered into the ground and stretched threads, they dig a foundation up to 50 centimeters deep, up to 45 centimeters wide (this dimension is selected according to the size of the wall material). At the bottom of the pit, a 5 cm layer of sand and 10 cm of gravel are covered.
At the next stage of work, formwork is made of wooden boards or plywood sheets, the top of this structure is leveled. Next, welded reinforcing cages are mounted and laid in the formwork. At the final stage of the foundation, the trench is poured with concrete. After about 7-10 days, when the concrete hardens, they begin to install the walls of the garage according to a pre-drawn project. The laying of cinder blocks begins from the corners of the building, then the thread is pulled and the opening is filled in its direction.
After the walls are driven out, the floor in the garage is poured, the roof structure is mounted, the doors and windows are inserted, and the gates are arranged. The process of mounting a building for a car is similar for all cases. The difference is only in the materials for the construction of the walls of the garage, their design features, positive and negative qualities. Let's take a closer look at these products below.
At the moment, foam blocks are considered one of the most promising building materials. This is due to their low weight, low thermal conductivity, ease of processing and high speed of wall construction. Many do not know how to quickly build a garage, the fastest way to do this is when building enclosing structures from foam blocks, reinforced concrete floor slabs or sandwich panels. Due to the small weight of the walls, buildings for a car can be erected on a shallow foundation.
Foam blocks are cheap, about 40% less than classic red bricks. This material is lightweight, poorly transmits heat, so the optimal microclimate will be maintained in the garage (cool in summer, warm in winter). Such products are characterized by good vapor permeability, which allows you to effectively remove moist air from the room.
Such building structures have their strengths and weaknesses. A good steel garage perfectly protects the car from fires. In addition, metal structures are characterized by high durability, low cost. Some owners consider this garage option to be cost-effective, because no documents are needed for the construction of the ego. In addition, metal buildings are assembled in record time.
From what it is better to build a garage, many car owners are perplexed. Construction experts recommend making such buildings out of metal, and here's why. For the construction of such a garage, a massive foundation or laborious work on laying brick walls is not needed. The building is erected on a simple foundation, in which the frame racks are fixed. Metal garages can be:
- welded (durable, stable structures);
- frame (such buildings can be transported from place to place).
The choice of any type of steel garage will depend on the preferences of the motorist, the life of the building, as well as its location.
Most developers do not know which garage is better, brick or reinforced concrete. More recently, buildings for cars were assembled from reinforced concrete floor slabs. Some 20-30 years ago, reinforced concrete products were available to everyone, but now it is not so easy to find them. A more rational solution is a garage built of bricks. Such a building is intended for operation in the summer, in winter the walls of the building will have to be insulated. In addition, brick garages are being built in a cooperative. Usually they are guarded, which will protect the car from the actions of intruders. Similar buildings can also be made in a summer cottage, but in this case, the minimum thickness of the garage walls should be 1 brick 25 centimeters.
Note! Not everyone can make a brick garage with their own hands; this requires certain knowledge and skills.
Garage with sandwich panels
Garages, the walls of which are made of sandwich panels, are in high demand among motorists. Such simple buildings are considered one of the most prefabricated. The basis of the building is a solid frame made of rolled metal, which is fixed on a massive foundation.
Now we will find out what material the walls are made of. The enclosing structure here is the internal and external sheets of corrugated board, between which a heater is fixed, for example, mineral wool slabs. Such structures are considered prefabricated, therefore, to build a garage, knowledge and skills in using a grinder and a screwdriver, some experience in handling welding are required.
It will be difficult to erect walls and a roof, to make a floor in a building with your own hands. It is better to build a garage with sandwich panels using hired labor. Pay the installers and get the finished building at the exit. Every detail matters here, an incorrectly filled floor will lead to certain difficulties in installing panels.
Budget options for garages
Many developers are trying to figure out what it is possible to build a garage from, so that it costs as little as possible. The best options for building materials for building walls are foam and gas blocks, as well as cinder blocks. Under such buildings, it is necessary to pour a strip foundation around the entire perimeter of the walls. The depth of the foundation device is selected according to the amount of soil freezing (different value for different areas). The width of the base will be adjusted to the dimensions of the block, because these building materials can be laid flat - 30 centimeters or on an edge - 20 centimeters for most products.
So where's the extra savings? You can reduce financial costs on roofing materials. Instead of a profile or expensive metal tiles, it is better to use corrugated slate. Ondulin in this case is better not to use, it is not only combustible, but also not cheap. You can also save on a shed roof. Compared to a gable roof, much less wood and roofing material will go to the device of this design. Significant savings can be achieved by attaching a garage to the wall of another building, such as a residential building.
When starting to build a garage, most people ask themselves: how to do it with minimal cost and time? If you are also interested in this question, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the presented article, in which we will consider in detail the process of building an inexpensive garage in a short time.
How to reduce the cost of a building - frame technology or lightweight concrete
A garage made of traditional materials, for example, made of brick, will be expensive, and the process of its construction is not fast. Therefore, in order to solve the problem, one should resort to modern technologies and cheap building materials. As for budget technologies, the undisputed leader is frame construction. Its principle is based on the construction of a frame from a bar, which is sheathed with sheet material.
You can build such a garage very quickly, while it will turn out to be strong enough and able to reliably protect the car from various negative environmental influences. And if you insulate it and provide heating, then in such a garage you can comfortably service a car even in winter. The only negative is that its base is wooden, so the durability of the structure is somewhat limited, especially if it is not looked after.
If you do not want to build a frame garage, you can go the second way - use cheap wall materials, such as:
- blocks of lightweight concrete (aerated concrete, foam concrete or polystyrene concrete);
- cinder blocks;
- expanded clay concrete blocks, etc.
The construction technology of these blocks is almost the same as the construction of bricks. But due to the fact that one block is equal in size to several bricks, the laying speed increases several times. Such blocks are inexpensive in comparison with the same brick, since they are hollow, moreover, they are made of cheap materials.
Please note that a porous concrete block garage requires an exterior finish, as this material absorbs moisture well. If the walls are not finished, the life of the building will be greatly reduced.
As an example, consider how cheap it is to build a frame garage, since its technology is fundamentally different from the construction of a brick or block structure.
We create a project - all the nuances should be on paper
Before we start building a garage with our own hands, we will prepare a project. First of all, we need to decide on the size of the future structure. Since our task is to build a budget garage, the optimal dimensions are 4x6 m. They will be quite enough for almost any car. Of course, if necessary, you can adjust the dimensions "for yourself."
Then we draw up a frame drawing. Its basis is the racks, which we will install in the corners, as well as along the walls with a step of 60 cm. We will tie the bottom and top of the rack with a strapping. To give the structure rigidity, we will strengthen the rack with struts and jumpers. To reduce the cost of construction, we will make the roof single-pitched. To do this, one wall must be higher than the opposite. It is best to make a high wall on the entry side so that the water from the roof flows down behind the garage. You can even draw a frame by hand, the main thing - do not forget to indicate the dimensions of all parts in millimeters.
Another point that we need to decide on at the design stage is the foundation. If the soil is unstable, for example, swampy, we make the foundation slab. In almost all other cases, the optimal solution is a strip shallow foundation, which is associated with the minimum weight of the structure.
Foundation preparation - making the garage stable
Regardless of what the foundation will be, first we prepare the site: we apply markings and remove the top vegetation layer of the soil. If the foundation is tape, we dig trenches around the perimeter with a depth of about half a meter. If the foundation is slab, we deepen the entire site by about 40 cm. We fill the bottom of the trenches or the platform with sand by 20 cm and carefully tamp it down.
Please note that it will take about a month to build the foundation, if it is poured on your own, since concrete gains strength within 28 days. To speed up the process, you can use ready-made foundation slabs or blocks. But in this case, the financial costs will increase. Therefore, you must decide for yourself: what is more important for you - the cost or the speed of construction.
To make the foundation completely on our own, we install formwork from boards, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB. An important element of the foundation is the reinforcing frame. For a strip foundation, we make a frame of reinforcement in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. The reinforcement diameter should be 0.8 mm. For a slab foundation, the frame is made of a mesh with a cell of 200x200 mm and a reinforcement diameter of 0.8 mm. The mesh is laid in two layers at a distance of about 150 mm.
The formwork is poured with M200 concrete, rammed and leveled. After 28 days after pouring over the foundation (between the walls and the base), we lay a couple of layers of roofing material or other bituminous waterproofing material.
If you decide to make a strip foundation from ready-made blocks, they are simply laid in prepared trenches and fastened together with cement mortar. The slab base of prefabricated slabs is laid in the same way. The only thing is that lifting equipment is required to perform this work.
Construction of the box - we assemble the "skeleton" and sheathe it
Now that the base is ready, you need to make a frame. We begin work with laying the lower trim along the perimeter of the foundation. To do this, we use a bar with a section of 100x100 mm, we fix it on concrete with the help of anchors. Between ourselves we connect the timber in the corners "in half a tree" and fasten it with self-tapping screws and corners.
Next, we install racks 100x100 mm at the corners of the building and align them vertically. To attach the racks to the bottom trim, we use screws and steel corners. Additionally, we strengthen the racks with struts, which can be made from boards 20-30 mm thick. Immediately we connect all the corner posts from above with a strapping of a 100x50 mm beam. After that, we install racks along the walls with a step of 600 mm. Wall racks can be made from boards with a thickness of at least 30 mm and a width of 100 mm. We fix and strengthen them in the same way as the corner posts.
Then, from the side of the entrance, we install racks 100x100 mm, to which the gate will be attached, and connect them together with a beam of the same section. As a result, an opening will be formed. To strengthen it, you can install a metal frame around the perimeter from a corner or channel.
Before proceeding with the assembly of the frame, treat all boards and timber with fire-bioprotective impregnation, which will increase the durability of the structure.
Next, we carry out the roof frame. To do this, we lay rafters from boards 30x100 mm on the Mauerlat (upper frame trim). Since the shed roof will be subjected to a large snow load, we make the step between the rafters no more than 40 mm. In order to securely fix the rafters, we make cuts in the Mauerlat along the thickness of the rafters. We nail a board 100 mm wide to the ends of the rafters along the perimeter.
Now that the frame is ready, you can immediately sheathe the walls. To make the building warm, we fill the frame space with mineral wool in slabs. This insulation is cheaper than many other thermal insulation materials, but at the same time it is durable, fireproof and, most importantly, has a low thermal conductivity.
From the side of the room, we cover the walls with a vapor barrier film. To make the vapor barrier tight, we overlap the joints of the film sheets and glue them with double-sided adhesive tape. On the outer side of the wall, we cover it with a wind-moisture protective membrane in the same way and seal the joints with high quality.
In order to leave a ventilation gap between the skin and the films, we attach a crate of wooden slats with a thickness of at least 20 mm to the racks. To fasten the rails, we use ordinary screws. To save money, we will not pre-sheathe the outer walls with OSB boards, but will immediately install the siding. The only thing is that it is desirable to use durable metal siding.
To fasten the siding along the perimeter of the walls from below, we fasten the starting bar with screws, and also install corner profiles at all corners. Then we simply fill the siding panels into the corner profiles and fasten them to the crate with screws. From the inside, the garage can be sheathed with any sheet material, such as plywood or OSB. You can fix the sheathing on the crate with nails or screws.
When installing OSB boards or plywood, do not forget to provide expansion joints with a thickness of about 5 mm. These seams should be filled with sealant.
We lay the roof - we make the room dry and warm
Now let's start installing the roof. Since the rafters are already there, it remains to lay the roofing cake. We begin work by fixing the vapor barrier and the crate from the inside of the garage. Lathing slats must be placed across the rafters. On the outside, we lay insulation between the rafters.
Then we lay a super-diffuse waterproofing membrane on the rafters. As on the walls, on the roof the membrane is additionally fixed with rails, which serve as a counter-lattice. On top of the counter-lattice, we lay boards with a thickness of 25-30 mm perpendicular to the rafters in increments of about 30 cm.
Now you need to lay the roofing. An excellent solution for our construction is corrugated board - it is an inexpensive and durable material. Sheets of corrugated board are laid with a longitudinal and transverse overlap and fastened to the crate with screws. Fasteners are placed through the wave in a checkerboard pattern. You can use another option for roofing, for example, slate, which is also inexpensive. The principle of its installation resembles the laying of corrugated board, only instead of screws we use slate nails.
On this garage is almost ready, now it remains to install the gate. To save money, you can find suitable used metal gates on the ad. If not slab, at the end of the work we make the floor. For these purposes, you can lay paving slabs or pour concrete screed.
This completes the work. If all actions are performed correctly, as a result, the garage will turn out not only strong and durable, but also warm. At the same time, its cost will be several times lower than a traditional brick garage.
Every car owner dreams of a small cozy garage. This dream is easy to turn into reality with your own hands by building a garage yourself.
Construction features
Before you start making a garage, you need to carefully consider and disassemble the construction plan. First of all, you need to obtain a building permit.
Pay special attention to the following documents:
- SNiP 2.07.01-89 “Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements”;
- SNiP 21.01.97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures".
If fire regulations are not met, then the building can be declared illegal and demolished.
You also need to decide what kind of building will be. It is divided into several types:
- temporary - has a short service life;
- mobile - requires a frame structure;
- combined - suitable for subsiding soils;
- capital - has a long service life, but will be expensive.
It is necessary to consider protection against intruders. It is better to spend money on an alarm system than to calculate the losses due to stolen property and a stolen car later.
Dimensions
In order to calculate the required dimensions, you should decide on the number and size of machines that will "live" in the building. You should also understand whether any other things will be stored in the garage. It is necessary to consider whether a large car will be bought in the near future. For example, if in the near future the owner is going to purchase a large truck, then building a passenger car is pointless, it is better to immediately consider the option of building a large garage.
For one car, the size will be calculated based on its dimensions. To this value you need to add half a meter on each side. This is necessary for a comfortable exit from the car and free movement around the garage. It should be remembered that with such small sizes for tires and various devices there will be no room. Therefore, it is worth increasing the length by 3 meters and adding a few more meters to the width. The height of the building must be more than half a meter from the height of the car.
All measurements are best done with the trunk open.
For several cars, it will be more difficult to calculate the size. Between them you need to create a distance of a fully open door, you can add 30-40 cm for comfortable parking. Between the wall and the door, the distance should be more than half a meter. The front and rear of the vehicle must be positioned so that a person can pass freely. The distance should be left at about one meter.
As for the gate, here you need to take the width of the car and add 60 cm on both sides. If there are two cars, then it is better to take the width of the gate from 2.5 meters and 20 cm in reserve on each side. The height of the building is calculated in the same way as in the case of a single machine.
These were examples of the simplest small boxes. If the owner wants to use the garage space not only for storing his "iron horse", but also for other purposes, it will be enough to calculate the dimensions of the items and take into account the space for a free approach to them. Then add the data obtained to the existing dimensions of the garage, which were calculated from above.
A drawing will help determine the dimensions., it is performed on paper or in a special program. For advice, you can turn to professionals, they will help and tell you how best to fulfill this or that idea. You can take the finished scheme. The main thing is its presence. The drawing is very important for subsequent work.
Location selection
If the garage is located in a summer cottage, you can consider the option of adding a structure to the house. There is no need to obtain permission here, construction does not require special conditions, because such a building is considered part of the house. Here it is possible to make the exit as close to the gate as possible or immediately to the street.
You will have to tinker with a detached type of garage. The SNiP states that there must be a distance of at least one meter between the garage and the boundary of the site if there are no buildings on neighboring land plots. In the case when they are, then the distance should be at least 6 meters. When erecting a building, make sure that there are no sewer pipes, heating pipes, water pipes and power lines nearby. Construction in lowlands should be avoided - this can lead to flooding. The best option would be a small hill.
If there is not enough space on the site, then the way out of the situation is to build a garage underground. Departure must be done on the street. It is impossible to have a garage directly under the house itself; it would be more rational to make an extension to the strip foundation. The area under which the building is located should not be used for the installation of structures with a foundation depth of more than 55 cm. But if there are underground springs or wetlands at the site of the future building, then it is better to refuse construction, such soil will require an extremely expensive drainage system.
The premises must be located as close as possible to the exit and the motorway, but without sharp turns.
If there is no cottage, but a garage is needed, you can buy a privatized plot of land in the city. After that, having received permission, start construction. This process is very lengthy, so be patient. You should choose a place as close as possible to the house, but you need to be prepared for the fact that there may not be free land for building within the city, but only on the outskirts or outside the city. Such a garage needs careful protection from intruders.
Design Options
There are many types of garages, for every taste and budget. The simplest and cheapest options are “shell” and “pencil case”. They can be easily made with your own hands, and the “shell” can even be moved. But they are not durable.
The next type is one-story, it can be made with a pit or a hozblok. In the city, most often they build a monolithic version, and although it does not look very attractive, it is very durable. No thief will be able to get into it. If the garage is located in a summer cottage, then a panel frame garage can be an inexpensive option. It is built many times faster than monolithic and brick.
A two-story building can serve not only for storing cars, but also suitable for living in the summer. The residential floor should be warm, equipped with light, a toilet and a kitchen. And the second floor with a gable roof can turn into a cozy attic.
The garage can also be an extension to the main house. The advantages of such a building are that you do not need to think additionally about heating and other communications, the entrance to the extension can be made directly from home. But a significant disadvantage is that exhaust gases enter the house upon arrival and departure of a car. This option is suitable for those owners who have not completed the main house, because an extension to an already finished building requires large investments and thorough preparation.
For the construction of an underground room, several conditions must be met:
- When building a deep garage, its waterproofing is considered the biggest problem. It will require the arrangement of a drainage system for the roof of the garage and enhanced waterproofing of all supporting structures.
- The garage roof frame must be made using concrete slabs with a mandatory support system.
- The room must have an emergency exit in the event of a house collapse or fire.
- After choosing a garage design, you should decide on the material and find good suppliers of all the necessary attributes for construction.
materials
The market offers a huge range of quality materials that will last a long time. Each has its own pros and cons, you should remember this and choose the option with which it will be comfortable to work.
Polycarbonate is a lightweight and cheap material, but should only be used for a small garage. For example, for shells.
If the owner prefers metal, then you can opt for sandwich panels or corrugated board. Sandwich panels in a section resemble a sandwich: there is a heater between two metal sheets. Construction is carried out in a very short time, and the design is lightweight and lends itself to any upgrades. Their price is very low, and installation can be carried out at any time of the year. But such material is short-lived, the metal frame requires rust treatment, and the wooden base must be treated with antiseptic substances.
Decking is a cheap, high-quality and beautiful material. Garages from corrugated board are built quite quickly. You should pay attention to the brand: it is better to choose S-20 or PS 0.5 mm thick. In no case should you take grades -8, these sheets will not last long due to poor wind resistance and low frost resistance.
A red brick construction will be much more reliable than a metal one. Such material has high frost resistance, low thermal conductivity. From an aesthetic point of view, brickwork looks pretty decent, but the material is expensive.
The foam block is cheap and light in weight, so one person can build from it. The only catch is that the gray blocks don't look very attractive. This problem can be solved with the help of finishing materials.
Gas silicate blocks are gaining great popularity. Despite their low weight, they have high strength, they are easy to process. Also, the blocks have low thermal conductivity, do not require additional treatment with antiseptics. With such material, you can not be afraid of the appearance of mold, bacteria and fungus.
According to environmental characteristics, gas silicate blocks are on a par with natural materials.
Minus gas silicate blocks - high water absorption. The plaster layer on the walls can crack and flake off. This problem can be solved by treating the walls with penetrating primers. Since blocks are a weak basis for fasteners, it will be problematic to fix massive objects. They do not have high frost resistance. The material has high rates of free lime, which allows you to activate the corrosion processes of metal inclusions: fittings, pipelines, frames and others.
Another artificial, but environmentally friendly material is cinder block. You can buy it or make it yourself. The second will require a vibroforming machine. When buying, you should pay attention to the filler. It is better to choose crushed stone, sawdust, shell rock, expanded clay. A cinder block garage is not afraid of natural disasters, it has a high fire safety, and is easily repaired. With this material, you can vary the thickness of the walls. In addition, it is not amenable to biological destruction, its price is quite small, and its service life is about 100 years. Reduces the dignity of the cinder block unpresentable appearance, complex laying of pipes and cables, high thermal conductivity.
Arbolite has been known since the times of the USSR. It is light in weight and has low thermal conductivity. It is a flame-retardant material, resistant to stretching. He is not afraid of cracks and deformations during foundation movements. It is immune to rot and mildew. The material is distinguished by high frost resistance. It is also easy to fix various designs on it. In such a garage there will be good sound absorption. Of the minuses - a high coefficient of water absorption - from 40 to 85%, and a rather high price.
Expanded clay block will be an assistant in the embodiment of bold design and architectural ideas. Almost all types of finishes, both internal and external, are suitable for it. The material has low thermal conductivity, it is strong and durable, with high sound insulation. The vapor permeability of the blocks creates a favorable microclimate inside the building. The process of building a garage will move quickly due to the large size of the block. And simple production contributes to an affordable price.
The downside of expanded clay blocks is the formation of cold bridges, but with the help of cladding and additional thermal insulation, the problem can be solved. The material has low water resistance, is quite heavy and requires a strong foundation, but this building material cannot be used as a foundation.
A more natural material is wood. The material is inexpensive, beautiful and allows you to make bold design decisions. With the help of various impregnations, fire resistance can be achieved. Minus - a short service life and high thermal conductivity.
Railway sleepers are bars made of trees. A special blend that works as an antiseptic helps protect your garage from rot, bacteria, sun, moisture and small rodents. You can buy sleepers at the nearest railway department, where the tracks are being repaired. A garage made of such material will turn out to be dry and warm, able to withstand even an earthquake. But you should never build a garage from new sleepers. The smell of creosote is very dangerous, it can cause chemical burns and poisoning. The period of their use in the air should be 12-30 years, during this period the mixture is washed off and loses its unpleasant odor.
The methods of manufacturing and processing sleepers are different, some products are impregnated through, while others are 2.75 centimeters. It is better to use the last option. Such a building requires careful processing inside, which reduces the risk of contact with creosote residues. Outside, it is necessary to make a well-ventilated facade.
Many building materials do not have high frost resistance, so the garage needs to be insulated. The cheapest insulation is foam. It is very easy to install. But you need to remember that this is a fragile material that wears out quickly.
Another cheap insulation is mineral wool. It is safe for health, has high thermal insulation and a high level of sound absorption. Such material must be covered with an additional layer of vapor barrier.
A more serious insulation is reflective thermal insulation. The material consists of a layer of heat insulator, covered with a metallized film on top. Of the advantages - low thermal conductivity, excellent sound insulation, low weight, immunity to moisture. This material is easy to install. The disadvantage is that the material has been used not so long ago and all its properties have not been studied. It is only known that this insulation is susceptible to corrosion.
Basalt cardboard is a durable material that is highly resistant to temperature extremes, deformation and moisture. The material has low heat capacity and good sound absorption, is not afraid of fire. It is not cheap, but very high quality and will last for many years.
In addition, heat-insulating paint and “warm” plaster will help to insulate the garage.
Finishing outside the building should combine resistance to external environmental influences and have a presentable appearance. The modern market offers a wide range of options that meet these conditions. The simplest and cheapest ways are jointing, plastering, siding. More expensive ways are wooden lining, natural or artificial stones.
If the garage is two-story, the space between the first and second floors is covered with reinforced concrete slabs. It is desirable to do this with a hollow-core slab, because it is easier to install and low in price.
Roof covering materials can be divided into two groups: soft and hard. The former are suitable for a flat roof, and the latter for a gable roof.
The soft ones are:
- Flexible tiles. The material serves up to 55 years, is resistant to corrosion and decay and can be of any color. It is better not to use the material in the northern regions - under the influence of frost, it becomes brittle.
- Ruberoid. Service life - about 15 years. The material is cheap, resistant to frost and sun exposure.
- The self-leveling roof serves 22 years, is easily and quickly installed, and can be repaired. The application surface must be perfectly smooth.
- The built-up rolled roof (gidroizol, stekloizol) has been in operation for about 50 years. The material is durable, does not burn, it has good sound insulation, and is immune to temperature extremes. The only negative is the high price.
The hard ones are:
- Reinforced concrete slab - has a long service life, suitable for flat roofs, can withstand a lot of weight. On such a roof, you can even set up a garden.
- Flat slate - easy to install, inexpensive, does not lose its qualities in any climatic conditions. Its very easy to fix.
- Polycarbonate - serves for about 25 years, does not burn and does not react with solvents, low in price. Such material is easy to install, resistant to temperature extremes, but under their influence it can slightly change shape.
- Seam roof - does not require a powerful frame, durable, resistant to mechanical damage and temperature extremes. Cons of the material - high price, difficult installation, low sound absorption.
- SIP-3 is used for overhead power lines;
- SIP-4 is resistant to ultraviolet rays;
- SIP-5 is suitable for temperate and cold climates, resistant to high temperatures.
For the storage and safe movement of building materials, wooden pallets are required. A good choice would be a pallet made of white acacia, birch or boxwood.
To save money, you can buy a used pallet, the main thing is good quality.
Construction process: main stages
After creating a drawing, choosing building materials and compiling step-by-step instructions, construction can begin.
"Penal" and "shell" do not require a solid foundation. First you need to make several separate sections and then assemble them.
Assembly steps:
- it is necessary to drill technological holes in the structure;
- cover the finished elements with an anti-corrosion agent and paint them;
- assemble the segments into a common structure and fix;
- protect and paint all welding defects.
Electricity is available in the garage. To do this, a lamp and two sockets are installed, then the wires are passed through the corrugation. For work, copper wires with double insulation are taken.
The construction of a more complex structure begins with the installation of a strong foundation. For a garage, options such as a monolithic slab, pile material, tape shallow or buried foundation are suitable. If a pit or cellar is planned, then the best choice is a recessed tape. A garage with a quality foundation will last a long time and will not bring problems, so more attention should be paid to this stage.
Separately, it is worth considering the construction of the pit. The size depends on the car itself. For a passenger car, a width of about 70 cm is suitable, for a truck, you need to add 20-25 cm to the standard size. The height depends on the height of the owner of the garage, but, in any case, it is better to make the garage a little deeper.
An important element is the plinth, its height ranges from 0.5 to 2 meters. There are two types of plinth: protruding and sinking. The first option is more elegant, but it will require the construction of an additional ebb along the protruding upper edge - this prevents moisture from entering. The second option is more practical and the building receives maximum protection from moisture.
When building walls, two methods are used, it all depends on the chosen material. The first way is block building. With it, the garage will not need to be heavily insulated, but additional finishing on the outside will be required. The second way is wireframe. The frame is made of a metal profile pipe or a wooden beam. The advantage of this method is the rapid construction of the premises.
The next step is preparing the gate for installation. First you need to take measurements. It is necessary to measure the opening, paying attention to the distance from the right edge to the left. It is also necessary to measure the height of the lintel.
There are various types of gates for garages: simple swing, sectional, automatic or manual. Most car owners prefer sectional. Such products are very comfortable, take up less space, sealed and strong. But they are high in price and have a complex device.
Before equipping the gate, you need to carefully read the instructions and properly prepare the opening. If the material is light, the opening is reinforced with a special metal frame. For a brick garage, such a frame is not required.
The room needs to be vacated, this will help to cope with the assembly and installation of the gate much faster and easier.
The next stage depends on the number of floors: if the garage is two-story, then it is necessary to overlap between the first and second floors with a reinforced concrete slab and re-erect the walls.
When building a roof, you need to be careful and observe safety precautions. The easiest way is a flat roof with a slight slope, about 15 cm. So it will be better to go down and drain the precipitation. The only disadvantage of such a roof is the lack of an attic.
