They made me an order for the manufacture of a selfie swivel. Specific drawings or descriptions of how to do it yourself were not provided. True, there were several photos and videos of the boomeranger. The study of materials led to the creation of such a craft swivel for an unusual selfie video. For those who cannot make a skewer with their own hands, the Internet offers to buy the original at the price of a one-time trip to the grocery store. A step-by-step instruction is given for the Secret of the Master and a scheme for making a skewer with a drawing, photo and video. The code name of the work is "Project spit".
How to make a boomeranger with your own hands
spit
To make a skewer, you will need the following materials:
- a piece of 6 mm plywood measuring 400 × 200 mm;
- braided cord made of polymeric material with a diameter of 3-4 mm and a length of 3 meters;
- old aluminum bicycle pedal;
- regular platform for fixing the action camera on the plane;
- glue for paper;
- sandpaper;
- two self-tapping screws and a grover washer (24 mm).
The sample turned out to be experimental and it was assembled from what was at hand, taking into account the available tools. In principle, solutions to simplify the design in terms of the handle are considered. In the manufacture of the skewer, the following tool was used:
- jigsaw manual or electric;
- drill with a drill with a diameter of 3 and 4 mm;
- grinder (angle grinder) with a cutting disc or a saw for metal and a file;
- welding machine (as an option).
How to make a do-it-yourself rocker
The author prepared a drawing of a rocker with a template for printing on an A4 sheet. The shape of the beam helps to provide additional stabilization of the camera in space due to gyroscopic and aerodynamic effects.
- Download the spit rocker template from the link (), print, cut and glue with your own hands. Watch the video.
- Glue the template onto a piece of 6mm plywood. The orientation of the template relative to the fibers of the tree is shown in the video and photo.
- We cut out the rocker of the skewer according to the template.
- We drill 2 holes marked on the template 4 mm.
- At this stage, it is reasonable to outline the holes for installing the action camera mounting platform.
- Remove the template paper and sand the part. Be sure to round off any sharp edges of the rocker arm.
spit pattern 
Cut out the template 
Two pattern pieces 
Template glued 
Template glued to plywood 
rocker cut out 
Drilling holes 
We grind the detail 
Probably a good idea to cover the part with varnish or bright paint.
How to make a do-it-yourself spit rotation handle
This was the most difficult task of the Vertelka project in terms of solution. The decision came unexpectedly after a month of searching, when old bicycle pedals were found while cleaning up. The aluminum pedal rotation unit is, in principle, a ready-made handle for a spit.
- All unnecessary parts have been removed from the aluminum pedal with a grinder.
- If necessary, wash all bearings from dirt in kerosene or gasoline.
- The issue of attaching the ring to the end of the handle is solved with the help of a grinder. Almost the entire threaded part is cut off, and a groove is propylene at the end. To continue work, an upper bearing with a protective bar is installed on the axle. Grover is inserted into the groove with a detachable part. Grover tacked to the handle by electric welding. See photo.
- After welding the ring, the pedal is assembled, do not forget to grease the bearings with grease.
bicycle pedal 
The handle turned out very well. Silent, easy rotation and a comfortable grip profile. There are options for simplifying the design, but they have not yet been tested.
Do-it-yourself assembly and tincture of the skewer ala boomeranger
Rotisserie setting To facilitate understanding of what needs to be done, a drawing has been prepared. The main task is to install the action camera and set the length of the lines so that the conditional axis of the camera lens intersects with the conditional axis of rotation of the handle.
- We fix the action camera mounting pad with two screws. To do this, two holes were drilled right in the site, through which self-tapping screws were screwed. The protruding parts of the screws are cut off with a grinder. I did not take risks and fix the platform with double-sided tape to unpainted wood.
- Melt the ends of the cord on the lighter. We tie the ends of the cord to the yoke. Watch a video.
- We fasten the middle of the cord on the ring of the handle with a noose loop. Watch a video.
- We install the camera and adjust the direction of the lens axis.
- My camera is set upside down, flip option is set for easier processing.
- Video recording will be carried out in dynamics, and to maintain the quality of the video, set the camera to the highest possible frame rate of 60 or higher at the required resolution. Unfortunately, there may be a conflict in exposure due to lack of light. On the promo video, when shooting in the forest, the camera automatically lowered the frame rate to 30 (video filmed in cloudy weather in December).
- Control of the correctness of the settings is checked simply when viewing the captured video. The handle or upper part of the hand caught in the frame when the camera rotates must be motionless. If there is movement to the left to the right, then the optical axis of the camera is not set exactly. When shooting in a strong wind, the lens axis may deviate from the specified direction.
Attaching a Cord
A rocker for catching bream (bream) is a fairly common tackle. Each fisherman makes such a device in his own way. I offer you my version, which has already been tested on winter fishing.
For manufacturing you will need:
- Fishing line 0.12 mm (14 mm can also be used)
- Sinker "olive" 10 gr.
- Two hooks No. 12
- Two beads as a stopper
- Fountain pen refill
- Drill
- Two drills with a diameter of 3 and 6 mm.
Stages of work on the manufacture of a rocker for winter fishing:
I blow the paste out of the rod. The paste remaining on the inner walls of the rod can be washed with water. I cut the rod into three parts: 5 cm, 5 cm and 3 cm.
I drill a hole in the “olive” sinker along the length with a 3 mm drill. I use a regular household drill. I do the same for the width.
On one side of the sinker, I increase the diameter of the hole to 6 mm by about 2/3 of the width. This is done for the convenience of knitting fishing line.
I insert parts of the rod 5 mm each into the holes in the sinker on both sides. They fit very tightly, which is good for the strength of the whole structure. We insert part of the 3 mm rod into the hole in the sinker from above. The rocker base is ready.
Some fishermen prefer a float when fishing with a rocker arm. Personally, I do not like it because it only works on the rise. The nod works for both lifting and lowering. The float freezes in the hole, therefore, for the lazy, I recommend using a nod.
The rocker of this design allows the fisherman to immediately feel the bite, even the weakest. Unlike a static rocker, where the leashes do not have a free passage through the tubes, this device makes it possible to strike in time and not miss the prey. Suitable not only for catching bream, but also for other bottom fish.
The width of the rocker is about 11 cm, suitable for fishermen with the appropriate diameter of the drill. I have 130 mm. The length of the rocker arm can be reduced to the required size.
Shevnin Alexey, Kirov region, Sovetsk -Specially for
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Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine
State Committee for Fisheries of Ukraine
Kerch State Marine Technological University
Department: "Equipment for food and fish processing industries"
COURSE PROJECT
discipline: "Technological foundations of mechanical engineering"
Project manager Manuilov V.V.
2012
1. Part Description
3. Manufacturability analysis
4. Selection of technological bases
5. Development of the technological route of the process
7. Calculation of cutting conditions
1. Part Description
Rocker - a movable part in the form of a shaped rod or plate with holes or trunnions, making an incomplete revolution around a fixed axis. This is, in essence, a two-arm lever, swinging about the middle axis. Being part of many machines and mechanisms (internal combustion engines, drilling rigs, scales, etc.), the rocker arm transmits the forces attached to it by the thrust, pusher, valve, connecting rod, etc. Rocker arms are made with unequal arms. The shoulder above the valve is 30-50% longer than the shoulder facing the bar. This makes it possible to obtain the necessary valve movements at small displacements and accelerations of the pusher, and, consequently, to reduce the inertia forces acting in the valve mechanism.
In this course project, we will consider the development of the technological process for manufacturing the rocker arm of the gas distribution mechanism of the D-50 engine.
The short arm of the rocker has a threaded hole for the adjusting screw and a channel for supplying oil to the spherical surface of the rod and screw. On the other shoulder of the rocker there is a spherical surface (rocker striker), which rests on the valve stem. In the middle part, a smooth hole is made for the rocker arm rolling axis. From axial mixing, the rocker is held by a thrust washer and a locking spring ring.
2. The choice of the type of workpiece and the method of obtaining it
The choice of a method for obtaining a workpiece depends on the service purpose and the cost-effectiveness of manufacturing the part and has a significant impact on the nature of the technological process, the complexity and cost-effectiveness of processing.
Taking into account the required quality of the part, the requirements for geometric dimensions, surface roughness, production efficiency, the specifics of the material of the part, its good casting properties, fluidity and low linear shrinkage, we choose a method for producing a workpiece - casting into a shell mold. Type of production - serial.
Shell mold casting is a method of producing shaped castings from metal alloys in molds consisting of a mixture of sand grains (usually quartz) and synthetic powder (usually phenol-formaldehyde resin and pulverized bakelite). The use of clad sand grains is preferred.
This method of obtaining a workpiece is preferable, since the following factors are taken into account when receiving the “Rocker” part:
1) Consumption of molding sand is 8-10 times less than when casting in sand molds.
2) Hardening the mixture directly on the model ensures high dimensional accuracy. The use of fine-grained sands makes it possible to obtain molds with a clean and smooth surface. Allowances are 0.5-1.5 mm.
3) The possibility of mechanization and automation of labor.
3. Manufacturability analysis
billet rocker engine allowance
Manufacturability of a product is considered as a set of product design properties that determine its adaptability to achieve optimal costs in production, operation and repair for given quality indicators, output volume and work conditions. The main task of ensuring the manufacturability of the product design is to achieve optimal labor, material, fuel and energy costs for design, preparation, manufacture and installation outside of production. A casting is considered manufacturable if its design complies with the general principles for ensuring the quality of blanks during casting and the prevailing specific production conditions. The high quality of the casting is ensured by the use of a casting alloy with high fluidity and the optimal configuration of the casting, which makes it possible to use a simple casting mold that provides for simultaneous or directional solidification of the alloy and free removal of the casting (model) from the mold. In the design of the casting, it is also necessary to take into account the real production possibilities: the availability of certain equipment for the preparation of the alloy and the formation of the casting at a given volume of output. The configuration of the casting is simple, does not require a complex shape, the casting alloy has the necessary casting properties, and it can be concluded that the part is manufacturable.
4. Selection of technological bases
When choosing a technological base for this workpiece, we focus on the principle of unity of bases.
The principle of the unity of bases lies in the fact that the same surfaces of the part are used as technological or measuring bases at various operations of the technological process. The application of the principle of the unity of the bases makes it possible to exclude the occurrence of processing and assembly errors associated with the change of bases
Based on the principle of basing, it is advisable to first process the basing plane of the part, the base for installation, because relative to this plane, the required geometric dimensions are determined. Technological base (installation) - outer surface with a diameter of 30 mm. The guide and support bases are selected from the conditions of ease of installation of the part.
5. Processing route
005 Procurement.
The workpiece is obtained by casting.
010 Milling.
Mill size 30+D mm.
Mill the ends of the surface W 18
015 Drilling
Drilling a hole for M10 thread, maintaining size 33.5 + - 0.3
Drilling a hole W 4.4 ... ..5.0 mm, maintaining size 18 +0.5, angle 20 0 for a length of 30 mm
020 Lathe Boring diameter Ш21Н9.
Chamfer
025 Turning
Thread cutting. Cutting is done with a tap. The cutting part is made of high-speed steel, the shank is steel 40X.
030 Thermal. Harden to HRC 49-57
035 Flushing.
Rinse detail
6. Determination of allowances and operational dimensions
Allowance - a layer of material removed from the surface of the workpiece in order to achieve the specified properties of the machined surface of the part.
The minimum allowance required for processing the part "Rocker" is determined by the formulas:
a) when processing external and internal surfaces (two-sided allowance):
2Z min \u003d 2 [(Rz + h) i -1 +
b) with sequential processing of opposite surfaces (one-sided allowance):
Zmin \u003d (Rz + h) i -1 +
where Rz i -1 -- the height of the irregularities of the profile ten points on the previous transition;
h i -1 -- the depth of the defective surface layer on the previous transition (decarburized or bleached layer);
The total deviation of the surface location (deviation from parallelism, perpendicularity, coaxiality) at the previous transition;
The error of setting the workpiece at the transition being performed.
General allowances Z 0 max and Z 0 min are found as the sum of intermediate processing allowances:
Z0 max =? Z i max ;
Z0 min =? Z i min ;
Allowance for the processing of end surfaces Ш 30 by milling:
Rz=40 µm; h i -1 =160 μm; = 110 µm
Z min \u003d 40 + 160 + 30 + 110 \u003d 340 (μm)
Minimum size:
a) 30 - 0.18 = 29.82 (mm)
b) 29.82 + 0.39 = 30.21 (mm)
where 0.39 is a tolerance for a size of 30 mm corresponding to a given quality.
Maximum size:
a) 29.82 + 0.18 \u003d 30 (mm)
b) 30.21 + 0.39 = 30.6 (mm)
Maximum allowance:
30.6 - 30 = 0.6 (mm)
The smallest allowance:
30.2- 29.8 = 0.4 (mm)
Total maximum allowance:
Z 0 max \u003d 0.6 (mm)
Overall smallest allowance:
Z 0 min \u003d 0.4 (mm)
Allowance for processing end surfaces Ш 18 by milling:
Deviation of the flat surface of the casting from flatness (warping);
Rz=40 µm; h i -1 =160 μm; = 100 µm
Z min \u003d 40 + 160 + 30 + 100 \u003d 318 (μm)
Minimum size:
a) 14.5 - 0.13 = 14.37 (mm)
b) 14.37+0.33 = 14.7 (mm)
where 0.33 is a tolerance for a size of 18 mm corresponding to a given quality.
Maximum size:
a) 14.37 + 0.13 \u003d 14.5 (mm)
b) 14.7 + 0.33 = 15.03 (mm)
Maximum allowance:
15.03 - 14.5 = 0.53 (mm)
Minimum allowance:
14.7- 14.4 = 0.3 (mm)
Total maximum allowance:
Z 0 max \u003d 0.53 (mm)
Overall smallest allowance:
Z 0 min \u003d 0.3 (mm)
Threading allowance:
Tapping begins with drilling a hole and chamfering for tap entry. The hole diameter, depending on the thread pitch, is selected according to the reference table.
Hole machining allowance Ш 21H9:
Processing route: rough and finish turning.
(µm)
r = K y
where r is the value of residual spatial deviations
K y - refinement factor
r1 = 211 0.05 = 10.55 (µm)
2 Z min \u003d 2 (40 + 160 +) \u003d 2 * 419 (μm)
2 Z min \u003d 2 (20 + 20 +) \u003d 2 * 100 (μm)
Minimum dimensions:
20.948+0.13=21.078 (mm)
21.078+0.21 = 21.288 (mm)
Maximum dimensions:
20.948 +0.052 = 21 (mm)
21.948+0.13= 21.208 (mm)
21.288+0.21 = 21.498 (mm)
Minimum allowances:
21.078-20.948=0.130 (µm)
21.288-21.078= 0.210(µm)
Maximum allowances:
21.208 - 21= 0.208 (mm)
21.498-21.208=0.290 (mm)
Total maximum allowance:
Z 0 max \u003d 0.208 + 0.290 \u003d 0.498 (mm)
Overall smallest allowance:
Z 0 min \u003d 0.130 + 0.210 \u003d 0.340 (mm)
7. Calculation of cutting conditions
Milling
We choose a horizontal milling machine 6H80, its characteristics:
Dimensions of the working surface of the table, mm………….200*800
Distance from spindle axis:
to the table………………………………………20-320
to the trunk……………………………………….123
The greatest distance of the axis of the vertical guides to the rear edge of the table…………………………………..…….240
Number of T-slots………………….3
T-slot width……………………14A 3
Largest:
table rotation angle in degrees………………±45
table movement:
longitudinal……………………………………...500
transverse………………………………………160
vertical…………………………………….300
Morse taper spindle bore GOST 836-62…………2
Number of spindle steps ………………………12
Number of table feed steps……………………12
Table feed:
longitudinal ………………………………..…25-1120
transverse…………………………………….18-800
vertical ………………………………….9-400
Power of the main electric motor in kW ....... ... 3
Overall dimensions, mm:
length..........……… …………………………1360
width.........………………………………..1860
height ………………………………............1530
Weight in kg...………………………………...1150
As a cutting tool, a cylindrical cutter made of high-speed steel L = 50 mm, the material of the cutting part is T15K6.
Feed when milling with a cylindrical cutter made of high-speed steel with a machine power of up to 5 kW, medium hardness AIDS, for steel 0.08-0.12 mm per tooth.
The depth of milling is taken equal to the machining allowance. For rough milling after casting in and the length of the machined area of 30 mm, the allowance is 0.5 mm. For a surface with a diameter of 18 - allowance (cutting depth) 0.4 mm
Number of cutter revolutions:
We specify the rotation frequency according to the machine data: n f \u003d 2100 rpm;
Define machine time
i - number of passes;
cutting force:
The value of the coefficient and exponents in the formula for determining the cutting force during milling.). For steel
Cutting power:
Surface milling with a diameter of 18 mm
Number of cutter revolutions:
We specify the rotation frequency according to the machine data: n f =1700 rpm;
Define machine time
cutting force:
Cutting power:
Hole boring
Choosing a horizontal boring machine 2654
Type of machine layout …………….………..B
Dimensions of the working surface of the table (width * length) ... 1600 * 2000
Retractable spindle diameter……….…….…150
Spindle bore taper …………..metric 80
Movements:
draw-out spindle longitudinal........….……..1240
radial support …………….………….….240
transverse …………………….………………..1800
front pillar:
longitudinal…………………….………………...1800
faceplates………………………………….3,75-192
Feed in mm/min:
draw-out spindle ……………………..…2-150
headstock……………………....1-750
Choice of cutter and its parameters:
Cutter boring holder with a plate of hard alloy. GOST 9795-84
t - depth of cut, t=0.42/2 mm;
According to the reference data, we select the speed V = 120 mm / min
Speed:
We specify the speed according to the passport data of the machine: n f =1800 rpm;
We specify the speed according to the actual speed:
Define machine time
l 1 - the amount of incision, l 1 \u003d t / tgc \u003d 2.76 / tg95 ° \u003d 0.25 mm;
l 2 - overrun value, l 2 =1…3mm;
l=30mm - turning length;
i - number of passes;
Determination of cutting forces
Constants for this operation;
Correction factor;
Depends on the quality of the processed material;
Depends on the parameters of the cutter;
204; = 1; = 0,75; = 0; = 0,75; = 1,08; = 1,25; = 1
0,751,081,251=1,01
Determination of cutting power
DRILLING OPERATION
Choosing a radial drilling machine 2E52:
The largest nominal diameter of drilling.………...25
The diameter of the circle described by the rotation of the sleeve
its end …………………………………1120
Distances:
from the end of the spindle to the surface of the table ...... ..... 325-852
from the end of the spindle to the surface of the foundation plate......0-900
from psi spindle to rack (spindle overhang)…………500
The greatest vertical movement of the sleeve along the column .... 890
Morse taper spindle bore.....……..3
Number of spindle speed steps.....……………8
Spindle RPM ………………45-2000
Number of spindle feed steps ……………9
Main motor power in kW……….……3.2
Dimensions:
length.................……………….1130
width.................………………805
height............……………….2290
Weight in kg.………………………..….980
1) Drilling hole Ø8.5mm
2) 1 drilling hole Ø5mm
We choose spiral drills equipped with hard alloy plates (VK15) for drilling steel with a conical tail. GOST 22736-77 and TU 2-035-636 - 78. Drill diameter d = 530mm, working part length 60125mm, total drill length 140275mm, Morse taper No. 1-4. The angle of inclination of the grooves is 10-45 0 .
For drilling diameters up to 12mm
From the standard range we select the diameters of the drills
1 Drill Ø4.8 mm for drilling Ø5mm
2 Drill Ø8.3mm for drilling Ø8.5mm
The depth of cut is equal to half the diameter of the drill t=0.5D=4.25 mm
1) Cutting mode for drilling hole Ø8.5mm
We specify the speed according to the passport data of the machine: n f =950 rpm;
We specify the speed according to the actual speed:
Define machine time
i - number of passes;
The torque and axial force during drilling are determined by the following formulas:
Determination of cutting power
2) Cutting mode for drilling hole Ø5mm
S=0.2-0.25 mm/rev; T=40
We specify the speed according to the passport data of the machine: n f =650 rpm;
We specify the speed according to the actual speed:
Define machine time
i - number of passes;
Torque and axial force:
Determination of cutting power
Threading
Cutting is done with a tap. The cutting part is made of high-speed steel, the shank is steel 40X. Machine-manual GOST 3266-81
Cutting speed calculation:
We specify the speed according to the passport data of the machine: n f =450 rpm;
We specify the speed according to the actual speed:
Define machine time
i - number of passes;
P=1 - thread pitch
Determination of cutting power
8. Rationing of the technological process
In the process of calculating the cutting conditions for each operation, the machine time To was determined.
The time to complete the operation is:
TVsp - auxiliary time, TVsp = 10-15%To;
Tobs - machine maintenance time, Tobs = 3-5%To;
Tper - break time, Tper = 3-5%To.
In addition, the operational time Toper is determined,
Toper=To+Tvsp.
9. Description of the device design. Fixture calculation
Since the fixation of the workpiece is carried out by the outer surface of rotation, we choose a prism as a fixture. This device is suitable for drilling, milling, turning. At the start of processing, when it is necessary to provide a reliable clamp, the workpiece is affected by the cutting moment M, which tends to rotate the workpiece around its axis, and the axial feed force of the tool, which presses the workpiece to the supporting surface.
Determine the clamping force:
P c \u003d 2KM /
where M is the torque;
K - safety factor;
f 1 , f 2 - coefficients of friction;
D c - the diameter of the workpiece;
K= K 0 *K 1 * K 2 * K 3 * K 4 * K 5 * K 6 *
K 0 =1.5; K 1 =1; K 2 =1; K 3 =1.2; K4=1.3; K 5 =1.2; K 6 \u003d 1.5
P s \u003d 2 * 4.2 * 9.4 / \u003d 2047 H
10. Calculation of the executive dimensions of the limit gauge
According to GOST 25437-82, the maximum deviations of the hole 21H9 are determined: ES=+52 µm; EI=0;
2. In accordance with GOST 24853-81, diagrams of the location of the tolerance fields of calibers are constructed relative to the boundaries of the location of the tolerance field of the hole. The following values are determined from the same standard:
H - tolerances for the manufacture of cork caliber;
Z - deviation of the middle of the tolerance field for the manufacture of a plug gauge; Y - allowable exit of the size of a worn-out gauge (cork) beyond the tolerance field; as well as tolerances on the form of calibers:
P-PRmax=D-EI+Z+H/2=21-0+0.009+0.004/2=21.011 mm;
P-PRmin=D+EI+Z-H/2=120+0+0.009-0.004/2=21.007 mm;
P-PRizn=D+EI-U=120+0-0=21 mm;
R-PRisp \u003d (R-PRmax) - H \u003d 120.011 -0.004 mm;
P-HEmax=D+ES+H/2=21+0.052+0.004/2=21.054 mm;
P-HEmin=D+ES-H/2=21+0.052-0.004/2=21.05 mm;
P-NEisp \u003d (P-NEmax) -H \u003d 21.054 -0.004 mm.
List of used literature
1. Ed. A.G. Kosilova and R.K. Meshcheryakova Handbook of a mechanical engineering technologist. - M .: Mashinostroyeniye, 1985. v.1, 665 p.
2. Ed. A.G. Kosilova and R.K. Meshcheryakov Handbook of a mechanical engineering technologist. - M .: Mashinostroyeniye, 1985. v.2, 496 p.
3. Kozlovsky Yu.G., Kardash V.F. Annotated drawings of machine parts.. - Kyiv. GIIO: Higher School, 1987. 224p.
4. Gorbatsevich A.F., Shkred V.A. Course design for engineering technology. - Minsk: Higher School, 1983. 256 p.
5. Toolmaker's Handbook. Ed. I.A. Ordinartseva. -L: Mechanical engineering, Leningrad branch. 1987-846 p.
6. Sushkov O.D., Guidelines for the implementation of term papers on the course "Interchangeability, standardization and technical measurements" Kerch, KSMTU, 2009 - 59 pages;
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To make a rocker, you need to choose a birch tree about 8 centimeters in diameter and about 1.5 meters long. The birch bark does not need to be removed, as it retains water well. With the help of an ax, give the workpiece the shape of a rocker arm with a margin for shrinkage and deformation. The place of the bend should be free of knots and cracks. From the inside of the fold, make a cut with a hacksaw 2-3 millimeters deep every 2-4 centimeters.
At the ends of the workpiece on the opposite side of the cuts, make small notches. These notches are needed for scourging, with the help of which the future rocker is bent at the ends. Before bending, you need to soak the workpiece in hot water and steam it well. When the rocker is steamed, it is bent with the help of a whip and a stop to the desired radius. The bend should be smooth and uniform. In this position, fix the workpiece with a rope or cord and put it to dry. When the rocker dries out, refine it with an ax and a planer to the desired size.
At the ends of the rocker, make six hooks from steel wire, which serve to hook the buckets. See the following photo for all sizes of hooks.
At the ends of the rocker, cut a groove with a chisel, drive the hook into the hole previously drilled with a drill and fix it with a bracket.
For decoration, you can make patterns with a burner or a hot brand. Then cover the rocker with drying oil and paint. That's all, the rocker is ready.
The final chord in your trio (shovel, spoon and fork) is the yoke, on which you will hang the previous samples of your arts and crafts (Fig. 78).
To make a rocker, prepare a planed board with dimensions of 250 x 100 x 12 mm. Just like you made the template in other lessons, make it now. With this help, mark on the plank and start sawing.
I suppose by the sixth lesson it became clear to you that you need to get a jigsaw that will turn sawing any product into a pleasure. Moreover, in subsequent lessons it will be necessary to carry out products of complex configurations, which, in the absence of a jigsaw, will require from you during normal sawing with a hacksaw, followed by significant physical effort with files.
Of course, a jigsaw is not a cheap tool, but you can use it for 20-30 years. It is always necessary in the economy of a craftsman.
Also on sale are jigsaw nozzles for electric drills. They are inexpensive, but not very convenient to use. So, you choose the way of cutting the rocker yourself.
After sawing, as always, clean up the bumps (they almost never happen when sawing with an electric jigsaw), dull the sharp edges with sandpaper, and you can start marking. Using the product template (Fig. 89 shows half of it) and transferring its contour to the board, draw a vertical center line through point A (Fig. 79, a), which forms the top of the rocker, and point B, obtained by measuring the length of the rocker at the bottom part of it (220 mm), divided in half (110 mm).
Having set aside 58 mm from point A down on the center line, mark and draw a horizontal line relative to the axis of symmetry (Fig. 79, b). Then set aside 43 mm from point E to the left and right. This is the distance to the center line of the window. At the points obtained, put perpendiculars (perpendicular - a vertical line drawn at an angle of 90 ° relative to the horizontal) with a length of 20 mm.
Set aside 12 mm from the perpendiculars to the left and right, put dots (Fig. 79, and). Connect these points as shown in Fig. 79, d, after which, with a compass solution, also equal to 12 mm, draw radii from the upper ends of the window axes (Fig. 79, d).
After that, transfer the dimensions of the radii to the workpiece in accordance with Fig. 79, d. There are four of them in total. Radius I is 22 mm; radius II - 23 mm; III - 30 mm; IV - 35 mm.
You can immediately mark on the workpiece the places of the pins on which you hang the spatula, spoon and fork. To do this, set aside 85 mm to the left and right along a horizontal line from point E (Fig. 79, e) and place crosses. The third pin will be located just at point E.
This ends the stage of placing the elements of the composition and the marking of patterns begins.
Start it with a line framing the rocker. To carry it, you need to measure the distance from it to the edge on the template. It is 5 mm. You will draw straight lines along the ruler, but curves ... There are several ways:
1. Measuring successively 5 mm throughout the entire line, mark (Fig. 80), and then connect them.
2. Use a thickness gauge, which is a marking device (Fig. 81) 3 consisting of a block I, two wooden rods II and sharp needles III fixed in these rods. When marking, you need to set the desired size from the end of the block to the needle. Press the end of the block to the surface perpendicular to the marking, and, holding the thickness gauge pressed, pull it towards you. The needle will leave a groove parallel to the side to which the thickness gauge block is pressed (Fig. 82).
3. Set aside 5 mm from the edge with a ruler and pencil, put a mark. Then, picking up a pencil, put its tip on the mark, and rest the ring (middle) finger on the edge of the rocker, Then start to lead the pen with the pencil towards you (Fig. 83). The pencil will leave a line parallel to the edge. This method requires some practice. If you don't rush, you will succeed.
Select the markup method available to you. This line is cut with "straws".
In the windows you have "shine", one of its many variants.
Mark the window frame with a strip, the width of which will not exceed 1 mm. This strip is necessary to distinguish between individual "radiances" so that the pattern is distinguished by the clarity of the image (Fig. 84, a). From the point that served as the center for drawing the window radius line, using a compass, taking the size from the template, draw another radius equal to 9 mm,
Divide this semicircle in the same way as you did when marking the “ rosette"According to" Thread ABC", into 16 parts. Here you have only half of the circle, but the marking sequence does not change from this. True, the name of the figure itself in this case will be “radiance”. This is another of the types, or rather forms, in which one of the most beautiful patterns of geometric carving is enclosed (Fig. 84, b, c).
Draw diagonals and axial lines in the rectangles of the windows for marking the “radiances” (Fig. 54, a). Inscribe "pyramids" in the upper and lower triangles, and draw rays from the center in the side triangles, dividing the opposite sides in half (rice, 84, b). With these steps you will get a few more triangles. Also enter "pyramids" in them (Fig. 84, c).
The central pattern, inscribed in the sector of the circle, is marked similarly to the "rosette" in the alphabet. To build a “shine”, draw an auxiliary arc with a radius of 18 mm (Fig. 85, a) and mark the middle between the rays with dots, determining it visually. Then draw with "shine", lowering the rays from the center of the sector to the marked points and connecting them with segments, as shown in Fig. 85.
Find the middle between the rays and mark it with points on the arc III (Fig. 85,?), connect these points in the same way as the rays of "radiance" (Fig. 85, c).
It remains to inscribe small triangles into large ones directed with their apex down, and divide the triangles adjacent to them in half (Fig. 85, d) and inscribe a “pyramid” in each of them (Fig. 85, e).
Despite the fact that all the elements of the thread are familiar to you, special care is required when cutting the "shine", as they are very small. Particular attention should be paid to determining the directions of the layers.
The sequence of cutting does not matter much here, but I recommend that you start by framing the rocker. As already mentioned, it is cut into "straws". The arc IV is also cut (Fig. 85, 6). Small triangles are cut out like "pegs". That's all the difficulties that require explanation.
When you have carved, drive nails 20 mm long into the places marked with crosses. Bite off their hats with wire cutters. These will be the pins for hanging the previously made kitchen utensils.
On the reverse side of the rocker, attach a small loop with nails - a pendant (Fig. 86). Such a pendant can be purchased at art stores, but I think it's better to make it yourself, especially since the materials are at your fingertips.
In order to make a suspension similar to that shown in fig. 87, prepare a can of lemonade, Coke or Sprite, a paper clip, pliers, an awl, scissors and wire cutters.
Operating procedure
- Bite off with wire cutters, having previously straightened the paper clip, a piece of wire 42 mm long (Fig. 88, a).
- Using pliers, bend the ends of the workpiece at a right angle of 5 mm (Fig. 88, 6).
- Bend the workpiece in the middle, also using pliers (Fig. 88, c).
- With your fingers or pliers, bend the ends of the workpiece to an angle of 60 ° (Fig. 88, d).
- Bend the workpiece so that the ends meet (Fig. 88, e).
- From the can, mark and cut out the workpiece - a plate of thin sheet metal (Fig. 88, e) - and mark the fold line.
- Insert the plate into the wire loop, bend along the fold line and crimp with pliers (Fig. 88, g).
- Mark the holes and pierce them with an awl (Fig. 88, g).
Thus, you will make the right thing from improvised materials.
