Equipment for sharpening metal-cutting tools. Household sharpeners for knives and tools

There is an opinion among hairdressers that expensive branded tools do not become dull, they do not need to be sharpened. This is just a marketing ploy that is clear to anyone familiar with the laws of physics. Indeed, in skillful professional hands, high-quality scissors and drills will not become dull for a very long time. But sooner or later they will have to sharpen.

Sharpening technology

scissors in the manipulator ready for sharpening

Professional hairdressing scissors are expensive tools, so sharpening them requires special skills. There are many types of scissors and each is corrected in its own way. Sharpeners use special equipment that can be used to sharpen: scissors (convex, standard, semi-convex), manicure tools, drills, scalpels, knives.

In the process of work, a minimum layer of metal should be removed, taking into account the specifics of each type of tool. Therefore, the tool will endure many regrindings without harm. So, nippers after professional sharpening are used for 150 manicures. Store ones wear out after 10 clients.

The cutting surface of drills and scissors can be flat, convex or concave. For example, thinning scissors are sharpened only on one side, and the slicing tool is not sharpened, but polished on a disk made of Japanese water stone, its grain size is 4 thousand grit. According to their own rules, hot scissors are sharpened - during the haircut, an electric current is supplied to them.

After sharpening, scissors need finishing procedures: lubrication, fine-tuning, tuning, and others. Manicure and hairdressing tools are polished with jewelry polishing paste.

Machine device

sharpening machine for hairdressing tools

The grinder is an electric motor with a shaft on which a faceplate and a grinding disc are put on. There are two types of machines: with a horizontal faceplate and vertical. The first ones are convenient for working with almost any kind of surgical, hairdressing and manicure instruments.

The most technologically advanced models of equipment are equipped with a laser “sight” or a manipulator that helps to set the angle of sharpening drills. On such a machine, even a beginner can cope with a complex and painstaking procedure. You can also set the speed of the disk movement, which is optimal for each specific tool.

The transparent protective peak does not allow harmful dust to scatter and protects the master. High quality equipment is made in Germany and the USA and is quite expensive. The cheapest machine without a manipulator will cost about 45 thousand rubles.

A feature of the equipment for sharpening hairdressing and manicure tools is the increased requirements for mechanics. The runout of the spindle on which the faceplate is put on is completely eliminated. The abrasive surface must move perfectly in the plane, otherwise the required accuracy cannot be achieved. Permissible runout rates are indicated in the passport and are no more than 0.11 with a grinding disc on.

In the workshop, the machine works all day, so the speed and quality of work depends on the accuracy of the rotation of the faceplate with the attached grinding disc. High-quality equipment works for a long time without wear of rubbing and moving mechanisms, bearings.

Technical characteristics of machines:

dimensions: this is a mobile desktop equipment;
reverse: a useful option for fine-tuning many instruments;
disc sizes: from 150 to 240 mm;
speed control up to 3 thousand revolutions per minute;
electric motor: in this case, the power is not so important, so usually it does not exceed 300 W, but they are quiet, do not overheat due to ventilation;
machine weight: about 30 kg.

The kit includes spare abrasive discs, wheel and polishing paste. The legs are equipped with rubber pads that dampen vibration.

Machine selection

Depending on the planned scale of work, you can purchase the device:

for sharpening wire cutters and scissors;
for sharpening manicure and hairdressing tools;
multifunctional device for straightening manicure, hairdressing and medical instruments, drills;
for straightening clippers.

All listed equipment belongs to the professional category. You can also use it for sharpening drills, tailor's scissors, tweezers, meat grinder knives, cosmetic needles, dental nippers and probes, kitchen knives. When choosing, you should pay attention to the availability of abrasive wheels of this company on sale.

Sharpening scissors on the machine in the video:

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Household sharpeners for knives and tools

A device for sharpening a cutting tool is essential for completing both large-scale production and a home workshop. However, for this it is not always necessary to purchase a professional grinder. For processing the cutting edges of knives, scissors, chisels, etc. suitable for amateur equipment.

The principle of operation and classification of grinding equipment

All grinding machines work on the same principle - the blade of a knife or other cutting tool is in contact with the abrasive, as a result of which part of the material is removed. This results in the formation of a sharp edge.

To achieve this result, several types of construction are used. They differ from each other not only in configuration, but also in performance. For in-line production, the volume of work performed and their quality are important. In household models, the quality of knife sharpening plays a paramount role.

Depending on the layout, grinding machines can be of the following types:

with holder. It is necessary to fix the processed tool. The supply of edges to the abrasive is carried out at the expense of the mechanical part of the machine;
with an attachment. It serves as a latch to stop the main part of the tool. Contact with the sharpening part of the equipment is carried out by manually shifting the part. In this way, processing along the radius occurs;
with an assistant. It is similar to the console, but has more advanced functionality. In models for home use, it can be multifunctional and have several types of grooves for installing different types of blades.

To increase the functionality of the equipment, it can have several design additions. In particular, the use of several abrasive wheels with different grain sizes, the possibility of automatic or semi-automatic operation, various auxiliary devices to improve quality.

Additionally, some grinding machines can perform the work of grinding the surfaces of workpieces. But for this they must have appropriate devices for fixing the blades.

Types of household grinders

Professional sharpening machine

Household grinding machines are one of the most popular types of equipment. Unlike professional models, they have a simple design, which ensures a long period of maintenance-free operation.

The main requirement for these designs is ease of operation and reliability. But despite this, manufacturers are trying to make them truly universal. In practice, achieving multifunctionality in a small-sized structure is very problematic. Therefore, professional home craftsmen prefer highly specialized equipment for sharpening cutters, drills or knives.

There is a conditional division of machines for working at home into the following categories:

according to the principle of operation - with an electric motor or manual;
by the number of operations performed - multifunctional with adjustment or with a narrow focus of work.

Moreover, each type of grinding machine has its own parameters. They must be considered when choosing equipment for the home.

The quality of the processing of the blades of a knife or chisel depends on the type of abrasive used. For each type of material, it is necessary to select a grinding disc with certain parameters.

Manual sharpening machines

Manual knife sharpening machine

It is impossible to call devices for sharpening knives or scissors fully machine tools. The main reason is the low degree of automation of the work. But despite this, manual models are very popular among home craftsmen.

To restore the sharpness of the blades, two processing principles can be used - with a movable or stationary abrasive. In the first case, the degree of sharpening angle is adjusted by changing the position of the abrasive, in the second case, by adjusting the degree of contact between the blade and the bar.

Despite the low cost of such models and the possibility of self-manufacturing their counterpart, they have a number of operational features:

poor performance;
the complexity of sharpening;
obligatory presence of skills in the formation of the cutting edge. Moreover, the technology depends on the type of tool being processed.

For the manufacture of a home-made design of a manual grinding machine, it is recommended to take the drawings of the factory model as a basis. In this case, the probability of making a design error will be minimal.

The universal pendulum blade sharpener is the best option for sharpening knives and scissors. Due to the possibility of changing the position of the abrasive relative to the surface of the tool and the reliable fixation of the latter, the accuracy of the operation increases.

Factory models of equipment

Universal sharpening machine

Factory models of grinding machines equipped with an electric motor have greater productivity and ease of operation. The main feature is the use of an abrasive disc as a processing tool.

Sharpening machines of this type have a standard design. The body is made of sheet iron or polymeric materials. The frame of models for home use is most often made of plastic. Inside there is an electric motor, on the shaft of which one or two abrasive wheels are installed.

Based on the design features, grinding equipment can be divided into the following groups:

With templates. Machines of this type belong to the category of universal. Using templates, you can sharpen knives, blades of various types, drills and some types of finger cutters. To do this, jig with adjustment is added to the package to set the correct position of the cutting part of the tool relative to the abrasive;
With an assistant. Typically, a machine of this type has one or two abrasive discs and handholds (stands) to stop the tool. Changing the degree of sharpening angle is done manually, which requires certain skills from the worker.

Most models for home use are made with built-in templates. This allows, at a low level of qualification, to make high-quality sharpening of almost any tool.

When choosing a machine with the function of processing drills, you need to pay attention to the minimum and maximum diameter of the product, as well as the possibility of dressing.

Specifications

Sharpening machine "Energomash"

Before purchasing a grinding machine, you need to familiarize yourself with its performance. It is also important to initially decide on all types of tools that will need to be processed. Most often these are knives, scissors, chisels, drills. As an example, we can consider the characteristics of the popular model of the Energomash universal machine.

With it, you can sharpen blades of almost any configuration. To do this, grooves are provided on the body of the structure for installing one of the three conductors. Numerous adjustment mechanisms allow you to perform the operation to restore the previous sharpness of the cutting edges with high accuracy.

The main technical characteristics of the model:

rated power of the electric motor - 0.1 kW;
the number of revolutions of the power plant - 6700 rpm;
the maximum width of the formed sharpening is 51 mm;
processing of drills with a diameter of 2 to 10 mm;
dimensions - 22 * 22 * 17.5 cm;
weight - 1.8 kg.

Despite its small size, this machine can successfully process all types of household cutting tools. The disadvantages of this model include the relative unreliability of plastic conductors. During work, the clamping force should be controlled. Otherwise, deformation or breakage of the machine element may occur.

For sharpening knives in the design there is a special jig, in which there is a function of controlling the angle of the blade relative to the abrasive wheel. This parameter directly depends on the actual state of the cutting edge.

Operation features

Before starting work on the sharpening machine, it is necessary to study the operating instructions in detail. It indicates the maximum width of the processed blades, the permissible diameters of the drills. The machine is then pre-set. To do this, it is necessary to install the gearbox in the appropriate groove and, using the mechanisms, set the cutting edge to touch the abrasive wheel.

In the process of work, it is imperative to use protective equipment - work glasses. As an additional measure, a transparent screen is used, if such is provided for by the design of the machine. The increase in pressure on the tool during its processing should be minimal. Otherwise, deformation or uneven material removal may occur.

At the end of the work, the machine must be cleaned of chips and metal dust. If necessary, the condition of components and assemblies is checked. It is imperative to control the degree of wear of the abrasive wheel.

As an example, you can see the capabilities of a multifunctional model of a grinding machine:

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Universal grinding machines

Working with wood, metal, plastic and other materials requires a cutting tool. The range of such products includes separate categories of products according to dimensional, strength characteristics. In the process of processing, the cutting edges lose the necessary properties, they have to be sharpened regularly. The operation is not complicated and, with the exception of certain special types of tools, is done independently. The universal sharpening machine has gained wide popularity among masters of various specialties. With its help, the characteristics of the cutting edge are restored.

Universal grinding machines

Types of grinding machines

There is a wide range of products of this type on the market. They make machines and independently. Equipment is divided according to its design and operational qualities, regardless of whether they are made by hand or bought in a store. Universal grinding machines can be of the following types:

mechanical devices are used in everyday life and for finishing the cutting edge. They are conditionally referred to as machines, since the physical strength of a person is used;
household machines for sharpening tools at home. They have a minimum of functions and a low-power electric motor;
semi-professional equipment. Enough power reserve for long-term work with significant physical exertion. Are completed with additional devices for target processing of hacksaws, chains for chiansaws, drills, circular saws, mills;
industrial machines. High-precision equipment that allows you to sharpen tools of complex configuration with specified parameters. In production, CNC universal grinding machines are widely used, which increase the productivity and quality of operations performed.

Industrial universal sharpening machine

The most popular model for domestic use is the universal bench grinder. It enables home craftsmen to maintain high performance of construction tools, kitchen utensils, tools for cultivating the land. For industrial use, more diverse products are produced. The accuracy of the work is due to the overall body, which does not respond to vibrations, the rigidity of the structure, which allows processing the cutting edge with a deviation from the nominal value of no more than a few hundredths of a millimeter.

For home use, the set of functions that a universal household grinding machine has is sufficient.

On such equipment, you can quickly fix a dull knife, scissors, ax. The device operates from a 220 V network, and has a power that does not overload communication cables. Observe the safety rules when performing any operation:

before switching on, check the integrity of the cable, the reliability of the nut fixing the grinding and abrasive stone and the strength of the additional devices and the support table;
wear protective goggles and appropriate clothing;
do not process parts in an unsupported position on weight.

A universal sharpening machine is intended for sharpening metal-cutting tools, and it cannot be used for other purposes. For example, processing the following materials at home is strongly discouraged:

glass, porcelain, stones;
carbide soldering;
plastics, rubber, rubber, polymers.

Benchtop universal grinder

The materials listed above can be processed, but the equipment configuration for this is not standard, but special. These operations are done by trained specialists who know the specific features of grinding, who can choose the right abrasive or other wheel. In production, complex surfaces made of composites, glass, and porcelain are processed with specially designed tools. Often, a CNC universal grinding machine is used to comply with the grinding conditions.

Applicable abrasive stones

When choosing a grinding and grinding universal machine, the types of upcoming work are assumed. In addition to design differences, the performance of the equipment depends on the replaceable tool. The range of grinding wheels has a large number of items. They are divided into the following categories:

circle diameter;
type of abrasive;
grain;
circle shape;
diameter of the seat on the machine.

Home sharpeners use general-purpose stones made of corundum particles. They are versatile and are successfully used for domestic needs. The desktop grinding machine is equipped with a grinding wheel and can serve for years if used irregularly. In case of failure, you should remove it from the shaft and check the inner diameter before buying a new one or check the size in the instructions. It is also important to know the outer dimensions in order to avoid the risk of acquiring a circle that is not suitable for a particular model. Popular standard seat diameters that a universal tool sharpening machine can have:

10 mm - a circle for sharpening chains, hacksaw blades;
20 mm - a circle of the old standard, but is still produced specifically for grinding machines;
22 mm - the standard widely used in the world, in particular abrasive discs for grinders;
32 mm is a common diameter for grinding and grinding equipment.

There are other standards, but less often. For industrial equipment, a larger assortment is expected, since special industry standards are applied there and the list of work performed is much larger. Universal tool sharpeners are often equipped with adapter rings to adapt to the desired diameter.

For certain jobs, the grain size of the abrasive is important. It is good to use large particles for primary processing and fast removal of a significant thickness of metal. But such circles are not suitable if a universal grinding machine is used for cutters of complex shape, for small-diameter drills and grinding and polishing work. Fine abrasive particles work more slowly, but the finish of the machined surface is much better. Such circles are used to bring out the exact cutting edge of turning tools, cutters of complex configuration.

Automation is widely used in technological production lines. Electronic control and control over the performance of operations is being actively introduced in equipment of a wide profile. Semi-professional universal sharpening machines are increasingly equipped with such devices. They are widely used:

in small industries;
in car services;
in handicraft production;
in home workshops of private entrepreneurs.

A self-respecting master of almost any specialty has at least a simple universal machine for performing elementary operations. Those who approach the issue of housekeeping are trying more seriously to purchase productive and convenient equipment with good functionality, a set of abrasive wheels and additional accessories for sharpening cutting tools.

Universal grinding machine model PP-800F

High-strength abrasives are highlighted in a separate category. They are used for grinding tools with carbide elements. A universal grinding machine with a diamond or elbor wheel is widely used for the restoration of cutting discs in the woodworking industry, the production of metal-cutting tools, such as cutters, drills, cutters.

Sharpening technologies and accessories

Grinding and grinding equipment performs a significant range of operations, from bringing household items into proper condition to processing spacecraft parts. Additional devices significantly expand processing techniques and improve the quality of the work performed. They include the following design elements of the machine;

support table or attachment. The simplest and most widely used way to hold the workpiece in position. Of the shortcomings, the inability to control angles and dimensions is noted. The operation is carried out exclusively under visual control;
assistant. Evolution of the development of the support table. It can have guides and grooves with a certain pitch or angle. Allows you to process a part with specified parameters;
holder. The device may have a movable part, where a firmly fixed part moves in a given direction. A device that facilitates the grinding process and allows you to accurately control some of the dimensional characteristics of the workpiece being processed;
Copier. A mechanical fixture borrowed from a lathe. It is used for processing parts of complex shape according to a pre-set template;
CNC. The process is fully automated. The part or abrasive wheel moves strictly along a predetermined trajectory. Modern technologies make it possible to program processes on public computers using special programs and applications.

The industrial sharpening machine is equipped with a cooling system. This speeds up the operation, preventing the part from overheating. The fluids used in the equipment also have a lubricating effect, which is why the surface quality is higher than when processing with a dry abrasive. In particular, a machine for milling cutters for industrial use must be equipped with a similar device. The cutting edge must meet stringent requirements for form accuracy and surface finish.

Geometry is also important when sharpening drills. It is almost impossible to achieve the required values manually. To control the angles and centering visually is an unattainable task. Chainsaw chain sharpeners are very popular. Stable demand for devices for the restoration of hacksaw blades. All of the above operations can not be performed without additional mechanisms with the necessary characteristics and proper quality.

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Sharpening machine - different designs.

A sharpening machine is undoubtedly a very useful piece of equipment in any workshop. This article, more designed for beginners, will describe in detail several options for the design of machine tools for sharpening tools (both homemade and factory), the main differences between different designs and other nuances.

Most grinding machines (except factory specialized ones designed for sharpening a specific tool) have a very similar design, like the simplest emery, several options for which (and how to make them) I described in this article. Of course, there can be a sea of options for grinding (grinding) machines, and every day the number of designs is growing, especially specialized machines. And of course, it is not realistic to describe all the options in one article, but the main types will be shown below.

But the most common and versatile grinder, with which I will start, is a grinder, popularly referred to as emery. And according to the type of emery, you can make your own grinding machine (in fact, this is the same thing, except for highly specialized designs), you just need to improve the design of the device for fixing the tool being sharpened at the right angle, which will be described a little later.

The emery (or sharpener, or grinder - call it whatever you want), shown in the photo on the left, is essentially a sharpening machine, only the simplest, but despite this it is almost universal. And it produces not only sharpening of the cutting tool, but also more rough work, for example, processing (peeling) of some parts, for example, chamfering from a corner, reinforcement or channel, for welding, and many other fitting operations (it all depends on the size of the stone and abrasive grain number).

Most grinding machines, like emery, of course, also have an electric motor, at the ends of the shaft of which there are rotating abrasive wheels, which are directly used for sharpening and finishing the tool. Of course, there are also specialized grinding machines that are very different in design (which will be described below), for example, a grinder for sharpening knives and processing parts, but I will talk about it in more detail a little later.

And the main difference between different machines designed for sharpening different cutting tools depends on the method and design of fixing the tool itself and its feed, during its sharpening and finishing, as well as on the shape of the tool.

Therefore, it is the design of the fixture, which allows you to securely and accurately fix a specific tool being sharpened at the right angle, and determines the purpose of each grinding machine and its main difference from other types of machines. As I said, there are specialized grinding machines that are designed for sharpening a particular cutting tool, but there are also more versatile machines that are designed for sharpening various tools.

Several options for sharpening cutting tools will be described below, both specialized and more versatile, which nevertheless differ in design, depending on the type of tool fixed and sharpened on them.

Grinding machine for sharpening and finishing turning tools.

These machines are designed for sharpening and finishing turning tools. I have already written in detail about such machines, about abrasive and finishing wheels for them (and abrasive pastes) in an article on the correct sharpening and finishing of turning tools (the article is here).

Therefore, I will not repeat myself here and this section will not be too voluminous, since those who wish to become more familiar with this topic can click on the link a little higher and read. Let me just say that most grinding machines for sharpening turning tools are almost no different from the simplest emery shown in the photo above and on the left.

Well, they differ only in specialized abrasive wheels of the desired grit (for example, diamond or cast iron wheels for finishing - details about them and what they are made of are described in the article about sharpening cutters - link above) with more advanced designs that have stop tables (handstands) for tools and which allow you to set them at the right angle and at the right height (relative to the plane of the abrasive wheel), so that when sharpening the cutting planes of a turning tool, process them exactly at a given angle.

Of course, you can also sharpen a turning tool on ordinary emery, which does not have a convenient table fixed at the right height and at the right angle, for example, by placing plates of the required thickness between the cutter and the stop table - this is shown in the video below. It also shows how to increase the size of the stop table (handstand) using a sheet metal plate. But still, a more convenient sharpening and finishing of turning tools is best done on a grinding machine, which has the design of a more advanced thrust table, fixed at different heights and at different angles.

The simplest stop table (handguard) of any factory grinding machine is easy to modify on your own, and how to do it (at least as I did) is shown in the figure below. The figure shows the front view of the improved table and the side view. To begin with, we generally dismantle the simplest factory thrust table and make it more perfect.

We make the table support telescopic (a pipe in a pipe), as shown in the figure below, or from a thick plate (8-10 mm) in which a vertical groove for the clamping screw is milled, allowing you to move and then clamp the table at the desired height. If the table support will be made telescopic (as in the figure below), then I advise you to use tubes for the “telescope” not round, but square.

We select (or make from a corner) two such square tubes so that one of the tubes is inserted into the other tube without any special shat. The whole design is quite clear from the drawing and having made it, it will be much more convenient for you to work on your grinding machine.

After all, the height of the table may simply need to be changed when the cutter is sharpened a little larger in height, or when the abrasive wheel is worn out and its outer diameter has become smaller.

Improved persistent table of the grinding machine.

Well, in order for the table to be able to change the angle of its thrust plane, relative to the vertical plane of the machine and relative to the plane of the abrasive wheel, the thrust table itself (or its base), as I said, should be finalized.

The thrust table, instead of the factory one, firstly we make a much larger area, and we make it from a plate, in which a mounting ear with a transverse groove is welded from below (the groove is indicated by a red arrow - see the figure). And under the holding table, a fork is welded to the pipe, into which the ear of the table is inserted.

And now, thanks to this design, it is possible, by unscrewing the clamping bolt, to change the angle of the thrust table, as well as its distance and height (by unscrewing the wing bolt), relative to the abrasive wheel.

Well, the thrust table itself for many conventional grinding machines (emery) is of insufficient size and it is desirable to fix a sheet metal plate (4 - 5 mm) of a larger size on top of it (with countersunk screws). And then the larger cutters will sharpen much more conveniently.

Of course, in the figure just above, I showed one of several options for improving the thrust table of a conventional factory grinder, and each master, of course, can do it differently (for example, use a thick plate with a vertical groove instead of a telescopic pipe).

Sharpening machines for cutters and core drills.

The main difference between such machines and ordinary emery is a clamping device into which a drill, or finger cutter, is inserted and clamped at the desired angle. As well as the ability to rotate the cutter or drill around its axis without changing the desired sharpening angle. Such machines are more complex in design, they are more expensive and, of course, making them yourself is a little more difficult.

The main sharpening of drills or cutters is carried out along the back edge. And the drill or cutter is clamped using a clamping prism, which has a base (mount) of the dovetail type with cross feed guides, along which the clamping prism (and, accordingly, the sharpened drill bit) relative to the abrasive disc.

grinder for drills BSG-60

There is also a longitudinal feed handle (indicated in the photo by a blue arrow), by rotating which you can move the engine with an abrasive disc longitudinally relative to the drill. On some machines, instead of a clamping prism that clamps the drill, there is a set of collet clamps for different diameters of drills (or finger cutters).

You can also smoothly adjust the sharpening angle of the tool at the top (from 70 to 180º), and the angle of the backing, without removing it from the clamping prism. In this way, it is possible to bring and sharpen the tool with great precision. This is how grinding machines like "BSG-60" work, designed for sharpening drills and finger cutters (shown in the photo a little higher). Similar fastening devices have machines for sharpening hole cutters, only the fastening is designed for a larger diameter of the tool being sharpened.

By the way, when making a homemade grinder for drills, you can make a simpler design, which is shown in the photo on the right. Here, as a clamping device for the drill, a tube with a clamping screw is used, into which we insert the drill and clamp it.

The tube (which is indicated by the yellow arrow) can be rotated to any angle and clamped in the desired position. For convenience, it is useful to attach a scale under the base of the tube (can be made from a school protractor) and then it will be possible to visually observe at what angle to fix the tube, and accordingly the drill to be sharpened.

And although such a device does not have a mechanical feed, but the base of the clamping tube can be fixed through the groove, and by slightly loosening the fastening, you can slowly feed the clamping device with a drill by hand and thus sharpen.

Sharpening machines for circular saws and cutters.

One of the options for such a machine is shown in the photo below. The main difference between such specialized machines is the ability to rigidly fix the circular saw (cutter) at the desired angle and, in the process of sharpening, be able to rotate the circular saw around its axis.

Sharpening machine for circular cutters and saws

But the main mechanism of such machines is the longitudinal feed mechanism (indicated in the photo with a red arrow), with the help of which, by rotating the handwheel, you can smoothly and evenly bring the cutter (saw) to the abrasive wheel. Also, in many machines of this type, it is possible to move the tool being sharpened not only longitudinally, but also transversely. On some machines, it is not the tool being sharpened that moves transversely, but the abrasive disc.

In self-made machines of this type, for longitudinal or transverse feed of a sharpened tool (or a motor with an abrasive disc), it is much easier to make a feed mechanism using guide tubes (or shafts), and not like on expensive industrial machines using a dovetail mechanism.

An example of a grinding machine, in which the transverse and longitudinal feeds are made using cylindrical guides, is shown in the video just below. Sharpening machines for sharpening knives and for processing parts - grinders.

In such machines, called grinders, for sharpening tools or processing various parts, not abrasive discs are used, but an “endless” abrasive belt made of sandpaper of various grain sizes. The tape is very easy and quick to change, which allows you to use a tape of different grain sizes and thereby not only sharpen tools (or process parts), but also bring them to perfect condition.

That is, this machine is essentially both a grinding machine and a grinding machine.

Undoubtedly, these machines are very efficient and convenient, and if there is a flat stop plate under the tape, such machines can quite successfully sharpen not only knives, but also drills, cutters and other various tools. And in terms of processing various parts, these machines are the most convenient.

Of course, because of the convenience, versatility and efficiency, grinders from reputable companies are quite expensive (the price is comparable to a used lathe).

grinder rotated 90 degrees to a horizontal position

And not every master can afford to buy one. But if you wish, it is quite possible to make such a machine yourself, and how I did it is described in this article.

There I described a machine (it is shown in the photo on the left and right) which has the ability to very quickly change the location of the rollers and abrasive belt from vertical to horizontal, which makes sharpening a cutting tool, or processing parts, very convenient.

It is enough to depress the clamping screw, and the platform with rollers and clamping tape turns from a vertical position to a horizontal one (see photo on the right), which, together with a large support table, makes it very convenient to process various parts at different angles (after all, the table can also be positioned at the desired angle ).

Choice of grinding machine.

What should beginners look for when choosing a grinder? Of course, before you go to the store or the market, you should decide which tool you will sharpen most often. And based on this, we buy a machine specifically for your tool. Many novice craftsmen, of course, would like the purchased machine to be as versatile as possible, on which it would be possible to sharpen a wide variety of tools.

Here it should be said this: the more highly specialized machine you buy, the better it will sharpen a particular tool. And the more versatile you buy a machine (on which you can sharpen many different tools), the worse the quality of sharpening will be.

Of course, there are universal machines that have a lot of different equipment designed for fixing and sharpening different tools and they are able to sharpen different tools with sufficient quality. But such machines are quite expensive (I mean machines from reputable European, Japanese or American companies) and not everyone can afford them.

Therefore, if you have to do work every day with some specific tool and constantly sharpen it, then I advise you to buy a highly specialized grinder designed specifically for sharpening your specific tool, which, together with the usual emery in your workshop, will allow you to produce high-quality sharpening.

In general, the simplest emery will never interfere in your workshop, and with sufficient experience and certain skills, you can sharpen almost any cutting tool quite well on it. If your tool is used very often (for example, for business) and it needs to be sharpened often, then, as I said, buy yourself a highly specialized grinding machine.

That seems to be all, if I remember something else on this topic, I will definitely add it. I hope in this article many beginners have become familiar with the main models of grinding machines and will find something useful for themselves, good luck to everyone.

suvorov-custom.ru

Today, a multi-purpose grinding machine is an indispensable mechanism that can provide indispensable assistance during certain technical work. Experts advise not to immediately buy an expensive machine for professional sharpening - it all depends on the needs (quality, volume or speed of sharpening). For example, when processing the edge of a simple knife or scissors, an amateur inexpensive machine is quite suitable, but if this is a turning workshop where you need to perform the amount of work, then a professional-level multifunctional sharpening sledge is just what you need.

Types of grinders

There are many types of household sharpening machines that are used depending on the needs. Professional models have more complex structural mechanisms, but they are used much less frequently than simple models (almost every home craftsman has them).

The main requirements of grinding machines are convenience and ease of use, while their reliability must be at a high level. Most manufacturers are trying to make sharpening devices more functional and versatile.

But, based on the variety of tools that can be sharpened, it is rather expensive to achieve 100% versatility.

Therefore, most universal grinding machines are designed to process components such as:

circular saws;
cutters for a lathe;
knives (cutting or hunting);
cutters;
drill.

Machine categories

In practice, universal grinding machines can be divided into certain categories.

Based on the principle of the drive mechanism:

handheld devices;
mechanical, equipped with a motor.

Based on the number of operations that the device performs:

narrowly focused;
adjustable.

Each specific household type of equipment may have individual adjustment devices. This is important to consider when choosing a tool for further work.

The quality indicators of the end face of the blade, regardless of whether it is a chisel or a cutter, it all depends on the abrasive wheel chosen. It is worth noting that each type of metal requires an individual selection of the grit size of the abrasive wheel, which also has its own parameters.

Universal grinding machine MR-600

Characteristics of machines for sharpening

Important factors that influence the choice are:

feature of the dimensions and dimensions of the machine;
option to connect to the network;
installation features;
sharpening speed;
materials and applied class when sharpening;
level of versatility;
accuracy of work performance;
equipment power indicators.

Most machines are equipped with various electronic and electrical accessories. This determines their level of professionalism and versatility. As for the installation of machines, this does not require much, just a flat horizontal surface.

A universal sharpening machine, depending on the actions performed, can be classified in different ways, divided into certain groups:

mechanical devices having a narrow focus;
universal grinding machines.

The first group refers to equipment designed for sharpening the edges of specific cutting tools to which they belong (worm cutters, drills, band and disc saws and other active additions to other equipment).

The second group of devices is equipment that is required to sharpen the edges of a large number of tools. Most machines are equipped with adjustable mounts for added convenience and safety.

Operation features

Before starting the sharpening process, it is important to master certain adjustment skills using the rules of the instruction. It is also important to secure the process by using protective equipment (glasses or gloves). There are certain restrictions in the instructions, this applies to:

maximum width;
maximum drill diameter.

And also, before turning on the universal grinders, it is important to make preliminary settings, to set the appropriate distances between the blade and the grinding wheel (using the touch effect).

A transparent screen is often used as an additional protective measure (it is provided during the production of the equipment).

It is important to clearly define the sharpening angle, often this is done using adjustable sliders. In universal machines, the fastening of the workpiece for sharpening occurs with the help of brackets. They are made in the form of the letter "P". Fixing occurs with persistent bolts.

After the first switch-on, it is important to ensure that the wheel makes light contact with the workpiece. In most universal machines, the left hand of the operator should be responsible for the transverse feed, and the right hand for the longitudinal movement of the part.

It is important to ensure that the movement process is smoother. The blade should move along the edge of the working part of the circle. When using attachments when sharpening radius-type parts, it is important to properly fix the workpiece with a clamp.

It is important to pay attention to the metal from which the workpiece is made. Given this property, it is important to choose the right number of revolutions with which the cutting wheel rotates. If this parameter is exceeded, the workpiece can be “set on fire”.

Factory models of universal grinding machines

Many home crafters can make do-it-yourself machine designs, but factory-made general purpose grinders will always outperform in quality and speed.

Most factory universal grinding machines have a similar design. The case is made from sheets of iron coated with a polymer. If the device is intended for home use, then the frame can be made from a certain type of plastic.

The disc drive is an electric motor that rotates the gearbox (but there may be designs without it).

Regarding the number of abrasive wheels, we can say that there are several of them in universal equipment.

This is required for better processing of a simple or metal-cutting tool.

Sharpening equipment is divided into certain groups:

Universal machines have templates. When using such devices, sharpening knives, cutters or various types can be performed. To increase the convenience of the process, the package contains conductors for adjusting the angle and position of the workpiece relative to the plane of the circle.
With an assistant. When equipping machines with two or more abrasive wheels, it is important to choose the right supports for the stop. They are unusual, the degree is changed by manual adjustment (such devices require appropriate skills).

Many models of universal grinders that are intended for use in the home workshop are made with the templates mentioned above. This makes it possible, in the absence of skills, to secure the process and perform the work more efficiently.

The principle of operation and classification of grinding equipment

Depending on the layout, grinding machines can be of the following types:

with holder. It is necessary to fix the processed tool. The supply of edges to the abrasive is carried out at the expense of the mechanical part of the machine;
with an attachment. It serves as a latch to stop the main part of the tool. Contact with the sharpening part of the equipment is carried out by manually shifting the part. In this way, processing along the radius occurs;
with an assistant. It is similar to the console, but has more advanced functionality. In models for home use, it can be multifunctional and have several types of grooves for installing different types of blades.

Additionally, some grinding machines can perform the work of grinding the surfaces of workpieces. But for this they must have appropriate devices for fixing the blades.

Types of household grinders

Household grinding machines are one of the most popular types of equipment. Unlike professional models, they have a simple design, which ensures a long period of maintenance-free operation.

There is a conditional division of machines for working at home into the following categories:

according to the principle of operation - with an electric motor or manual;
by the number of operations performed - multifunctional with adjustment or with a narrow focus of work.

Moreover, each type of grinding machine has its own parameters. They must be considered when choosing equipment for the home.

The quality of the processing of the blades of a knife or chisel depends on the type of abrasive used. For each type of material, it is necessary to select a grinding disc with certain parameters.

Manual sharpening machines

Despite the low cost of such models and the possibility of self-manufacturing their counterpart, they have a number of operational features:

poor performance;
the complexity of sharpening;
obligatory presence of skills in the formation of the cutting edge. Moreover, the technology depends on the type of tool being processed.

The universal pendulum blade sharpener is the best option for sharpening knives and scissors. Due to the possibility of changing the position of the abrasive relative to the surface of the tool and the reliable fixation of the latter, the accuracy of the operation increases.

Factory models of equipment

Factory models of grinding machines equipped with an electric motor have greater productivity and ease of operation. The main feature is the use of an abrasive disc as a processing tool.

Based on the design features, grinding equipment can be divided into the following groups:

With templates. Machines of this type belong to the category of universal. Using templates, you can sharpen knives, blades of various types, drills and some types of finger cutters. To do this, jig with adjustment is added to the package to set the correct position of the cutting part of the tool relative to the abrasive;
With an assistant. Typically, a machine of this type has one or two abrasive discs and handholds (stands) to stop the tool. Changing the degree of sharpening angle is done manually, which requires certain skills from the worker.

Most models for home use are made with built-in templates. This allows, at a low level of qualification, to make high-quality sharpening of almost any tool.

When choosing a machine with the function of processing drills, you need to pay attention to the minimum and maximum diameter of the product, as well as the possibility of dressing.

Specifications

The main technical characteristics of the model:

rated power of the electric motor - 0.1 kW;
the number of revolutions of the power plant - 6700 rpm;
the maximum width of the formed sharpening is 51 mm;
processing of drills with a diameter of 2 to 10 mm;
dimensions - 22 * 22 * 17.5 cm;
weight - 1.8 kg.

For sharpening knives in the design there is a special jig, in which there is a function of controlling the angle of the blade relative to the abrasive wheel. This parameter directly depends on the actual state of the cutting edge.

Operation features

At the end of the work, the machine must be cleaned of chips and metal dust. If necessary, the condition of components and assemblies is checked. It is imperative to control the degree of wear of the abrasive wheel.

As an example, you can see the capabilities of a multifunctional model of a grinding machine:

Universal industrial and household grinding machines are in most cases used for do-it-yourself sharpening of all kinds of joinery.

Household mini-grinding units for the home, such as a universal desktop sharpening machine for flat knives, can work with planer knives, chisel blades and.

In addition, a home-made sharpening machine can be used to sharpen skates, and you can also sharpen an ax with it.

1 Types of grinding machines

Sharpening machines, presented as a tool for processing, can use a cone or a stone.

A multi-purpose home-made mini-grinding machine (grinder) can be used within a workshop or at home, and for large volumes of work it is more rational to use industrial units.

Universal grinding machines that use abrasive wheels (stones) or a cone for processing can be designed for processing:

drills;
cutters;
circular saws;
knives;
band saws;
incisors.

Drill sharpeners can be used in the workshop or at home. Its stone allows the processing of small tools (blades, cutters, drills).

Some universal modifications allow you to sharpen an ax or be used for processing the edges of skates.

A home-made mini-grinding machine (grinder), equipped with manual adjustment, allows you to work with small diameter tools of 3-18 cm with your own hands.

Coolant allows you to achieve high quality edges of skates, coolant can also be used in cases where an ax is sharpened. Such a self-made grinder with adjustment can be used for drills of a spiral or feather type.

The cone of the working element guarantees the correct angle of the resulting blade edge. A home-made grinding machine for desktop cutters, using coolant, helps to do professional sharpening with your own hands.

Flat knives, such as skate blades, can be processed using the Tormek t7 machine, or the Kolner kbg 200 370m multi-purpose grinder can also be selected for this operation.

The working stone of the Kolner kbg 200 370m unit, as well as the Tormek t7 devices, allows, thanks to the high number of revolutions, to process at home not only an ax or the surface of skates, but also cylindrical, spherical, oval or arch-like shapes.

The caliber of the part processed by the stone of the Kolner kbg 200 370m unit, the Tormek t7 device or the 3v642 machine can range from 2 to 28 cm.

A mini-configuration grinding and grinding machine with coolant applied to the cone contributes to the fact that flat-type milling cutters are sharpened with their own hands.

Devices for sharpening circular saws with their own hands on wood differ in their functionality from analogues 3v642 or Tormek t7.

The abrasive (cone) of such mini-aggregates is coated with diamond dusting. Such stones are processed at an angle from 0 to 30 ⁰ with a maximum number of revolutions up to 2000 per minute.

The choice of modification allows you to perform the process in manual or automatic mode. At the same time, the caliber possessed by the cone allows you to process the front and rear edges of each saw tooth on wood with your own hands at home.

Like the common Tormek t7 modifications, the presented universal unit allows you to make sharper blades not only for wood saws, but also for band saws.

The grinder can have software control like on a lathe, this helps to select modes and the number of revolutions.

2 Device and principle of operation

The Tormek t7 grinder, the 3v642 multi-purpose unit and other similar elements, circles with a diameter of 200 mm, are equipped with electric motors.

Before using the scheme to make such a device with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account the nuances of the device of the grinding and grinding machine.

The axis of the electric motor model 3v642 is installed with a shift to the right side by several degrees. This feature helps to sharpen an ax or saw on wood with your own hands quickly and with good results.

A grinding and sharpening cone or abrasive wheels are attached to the motor shaft of the 3v642 or Tormek t7 device. Cross feed occurs due to the node on which the stones (abrasive wheels) are placed.

If you need with your own hands to make a device similar to 3v642 or Tormek t7, then first of all you need to choose the caliber of the stone, which will differ in circles and a cone. It is also important to consider that the transverse motion feed is carried out during the operation of the unit.

The unit, both on the turning and on the grinding and grinding unit, is located on the guide. The grinding and grinding machine operates by means of a worm gear located on the frame.

The holder of the multi-purpose grinder for the home 3v642 has a handle. In order for the 3v642 desktop grinder to correctly process saw teeth on wood or skate blades, a special attachment is used, which is attached next to the holder.

It should be borne in mind that before choosing a desktop device for the home, you need to pay attention not only to the number of revolutions, but also to a special handpiece.

It will allow you to work with all kinds of locksmith tools - drills or cutters, and you can also sharpen an ax with it at home.

2.1 How to use the sharpener

The classification of types of work on a turning or grinding unit has several positions:

with holder;
with prefix processing along the radius;
with an assistant.

The first option allows you to choose for processing tools designed for working with wood - planers, chisels, chisels, etc. It is also recommended to use the right amount of coolant in the process.

Before you make a choice of operating mode and set the desired number of revolutions, you need to set the slider of the machine to the leftmost position.

After that, a grinding-grinding cone is attached. The U-shaped bracket and clamping screws are installed with an orientation to the caliber of the part. This should be done at the edge that provides the removal of the finished chamfer.

In order to sharpen the ax or the edge of the skates, it is necessary to place the brackets parallel to the axis on which the cone is attached.

In this case, the circles can be placed with a gap of 2-3 mm. Then the switch is turned and the grinding and abrasive wheels are set in motion. Further, the operator of the skate sharpening machine can adjust the number of revolutions.

To do this, the transverse gear gradually rotates, and the edge of the tool with which the ax is processed is brought in so as to ensure a light touch.

Grinding-abrasive wheels begin to move along the blades of the skates or other parts. Next, 2-3 longitudinal movements are performed along the blades of the skates, during which the grinding and abrasive wheels are moved back to their original position.

We should also not forget about the periodic application of coolant, which needs a sharpening machine for flat knives. When carrying out radius sharpening, a special attachment is used to help obtain a spherical chamfer on the edge of the part.

Before starting the action, if necessary, you need to make a choice of such a value as the caliber of the circle. After the selection is made, you need to release the slider and disconnect the clamping type brackets.

Despite the complexity of the work, such a unit is more efficient than a disposable manual sharpener.

How to use a sharpening machine (video)

2.2 Popular models, specifications

The most popular and demanded models now are Tormek t7, Kolner kbg 200 370m and universal grinder 3v642.

The Kolner model can use stones (circles) with a diameter of up to 200 mm, has two rotation modules and a disk rotation speed of up to 2900 rpm. With a weight of 11 kg, the engine power of the unit can reach 370 W, and the rotation modules lie coaxially.

Using coolant, the machine can sharpen an ax in just 2-3 minutes. The Tormek model is equipped with a 200 watt motor capable of spinning the disc up to 90 rpm.

Differs in low noise level and high operational resource. In the basic configuration there are original circles with a diameter of 200 mm. The universal 3v642 can interact with parts with a diameter of up to 250 mm and is equipped with a hydraulic unit that feeds the desktop.

Having found in my favorite set of drills for metal, which I admire more than I use, an 8 mm drill killed on concrete, I was very upset, because I definitely won’t be able to sharpen the drill as beautifully and correctly as it was sharpened initially.

Never. This circumstance served as a trigger for the spontaneous purchase of the monitored unit, which was found at the right time on the shelf of a construction hypermarket. It was promised that with its help it is possible to sharpen drills from 3 to 10 mm, and, apparently, special straightness of hands is not required for this:

A spare diamond disc was also purchased there:

An Internet search showed that this machine can be bought in Russia under various brands for about 2000 rubles, it is also sold in its homeland, that is, in China. Yes, and thanks to the Chinese sellers, since they were not too lazy to post legible photographs-instructions, it is almost impossible to understand the small drawings of the Russian instructions that came with the machine.
So, we have the main block with a diamond grinding disc on one side. Below the disc is the pusher of the safety switch, which does not allow the motor to be turned on without the nozzle installed, and in the same area the nozzle lock:

Nozzles are fixed in grooves, which are also on non-working faces, where nozzles can be simply stored. On the bottom of the block there are small rubber feet, which are not very resistant to the movement of the machine on the table, something like suction cups would be more appropriate. For stationary installation of the machine, there are holes for screws / self-tapping screws on the skirt of the main unit:

There are only three nozzles. Note that the plastic of the nozzles makes a depressing impression, since it is not hard enough and not slippery, as a result, everything “walks” a little, and the parts that should move relative to each other easily warp and jam.

There is a platform with a magnet, while this platform can move in a horizontal direction and be set to the desired angle. There is even a protective shield. In appearance, everything is fine, but the platform wedges, and sharpening, as you can see, is not flat, but along the radius, which is unacceptable for a chisel. Also, the grain of the grinding disc is large, the surface is rough, and the edge is burred. Oh yes, there is also a device for sharpening awls:

A long awl is enough, though it was not found, but sharpening the awl is so simple that no devices are required. This nozzle can be thrown away. The following, attachment for sharpening scissors and knives:

The problem is the same - a rough disk, a rough sharpened surface, a lot of burrs. It is only suitable for the initial rough sharpening of scissors and knives, followed by mandatory fine-tuning on something with fine abrasive grain. And the scissors get a large area from the central screw, which remains not sharpened, since the nozzle casing interferes with this. This nozzle can also be thrown away. The last nozzle and the last chance to give at least some justification for the rationality of acquiring this machine. Nozzle for sharpening drills. How to use it is shown in the video:

Result:

A drill with shiny edges is sharpened on this machine, drills with a yellowish coating next to it have an original sharpening. Basically, it works out well. Quick, easy, and you only need to control the symmetry of sharpening by eye. True, the surface is still rough and the edge is uneven, and the sharpening angle cannot be changed. Note that if you remove the nozzle and jam the safety switch with something, then on this diamond disk you can carefully modify the sharpening, for example, sharpen the back surface, reduce the jumper, etc. To finish the drill, that is, to smooth-grind surfaces, you will have to use another machine, but if you have more or less correct sharpening, this is not very difficult. It is a pity that this machine does not have a second disc with fine abrasive.

In total, if you need to sharpen drills, but there is no experience and skills for this, then this type of sharpening machine with the appropriate nozzle can help out. The rest of the attachments seem to be practically useless.