What is a boring machine. Boring machine: types, specifications and scope. Purpose of boring machines

The boring machine is used for processing workpieces in both single and batch production. Such equipment belongs to the class of universal. It is possible to qualitatively process products using it, including without transferring workpieces to any other specialized machines.

Main purpose

Machines of this type are used primarily, of course, for boring holes of different diameters in workpieces. But if necessary, they can also be used for:

turning the outer surfaces of cylindrical parts;
processing of the ends of the blanks;
reaming and reaming holes;
thread cutting;
milling.

Types of boring machines

Equipment of this type can be classified according to several criteria. By scope, such machines can be:

universal turning and boring;
specialized.

Machine tools of the second group, in turn, are divided into the following varieties:

horizontal boring;
coordinate boring;
diamond boring.

Recently, CNC boring machines have become very widespread in enterprises.

What working tools are used

Operations on equipment such as a boring machine can thus be performed in a variety of ways. When processing parts on these units, cutting tools such as:

drill;
cutter;
cutter;
countersink;
tap, etc.

When choosing such equipment of any kind, first of all, pay attention to the diameter of the spindle.

What can be a jig boring machine

Equipment of this type is intended, first of all, for the most accurate processing of workpieces. Coordinate boring machines can be:

single rack;
two-column.

The design of such machines includes:

bed;
rack;
table with sled;
boring head.

Also, a traverse is included in the design of such equipment.

Features of work on a jig boring machine

When using equipment of this type, the workpiece to be processed is pre-fixed on the desktop. Next, the desired cutting tool is installed in the spindle. Then the work is done in the following order:

depending on the height of the workpiece, adjust the traverse and boring head;
set the spindle to the specified coordinates.

The last operation on equipment such as a jig boring machine, depending on its type, can be performed in different ways. On the single column model, the spindle is properly positioned by moving the work table in two perpendicular directions. On two-column equipment:

the table is moved in the longitudinal direction;
the boring head is moved in the transverse direction along the traverse.

Model range of jig boring machines

Many manufacturers produce such equipment today. But most often, enterprises use jig boring machines:

2E450. This single column model has table dimensions of 630 x 1120 mm and is equipped with an optical measuring system supplemented by an on-screen readout. Also, this boring machine has the function of automatic stop of the slide. Another convenience-enhancing addition to this model is the coordinate pre-set device.
2D450. This model also has a table size of 630 x 1120. The optical device included in its design can count both integer and fractional parts of the coordinates.

Can be used at enterprises, of course, and other coordinate boring machines. Models 2A450, 2L450AF11-01, for example, are also in great demand today.

Horizontal boring machines

Such equipment is used at enterprises and in workshops also quite often. Its main distinguishing feature is that the spindle in it is located horizontally. The main movement of the latter is rotational-translational about the axis. In this case, during turning, both the supply of the workpiece and the movement of the working tool itself can be carried out.

Moving the headstock on equipment such as a horizontal boring machine is an additional movement.

What models can be used

Equipment of this type can be supplied to the market today, both ordinary universal with a spindle with a diameter of 110-130 mm, and heavy. Machine tools of the latter variety are usually additionally equipped with a slider and a movable column.

There are also many models of such equipment produced by manufacturers. For example, VFC and F.O.R.T. units are very popular with consumers.

The VFC horizontal boring machine can be designed for processing workpieces weighing up to 10 tons. Such machines are mainly used for boring parts made of cast iron and steel. These models are built on a modular basis and have a turntable.

F.O.R.T series machines are also available on the market in a very wide range. They can have a classic design with a cruciform table or with a movable column. The table dimensions of F.O.R.T horizontal boring machines vary from 1250 x 1400 mm to 4000 x 4000 mm. In this case, the spindle diameter can be equal to 100-260 mm.

Diamond boring machines

Equipment of this type is intended mainly for fine finishing of workpieces. Tools in such machines, as can already be judged by their name, use either diamond or carbide. A boring machine of this variety can be used to process workpieces made of both steel and cast iron, as well as non-ferrous metal alloys, ebonite, textolite, rubber, etc. In some cases, diamond boring can even replace grinding.

Cutting on such equipment is carried out at a significant speed and at the same time a small depth of material removal. According to the location of the spindle, diamond boring machines can be horizontal or vertical.

The lineup

This type of equipment is not as widely represented on the market as horizontal and jig boring machines. However, there are also quite a lot of brands of such units produced today. One of the most popular models of such equipment is 2A78. This boring machine has very good technical characteristics. The dimensions of the table for this model are 500 x 1000. Using this equipment, you can make holes in workpieces with a diameter of 27-200 mm.

Turning and boring machines

The main feature of this type of equipment is a very high spindle speed. The turning and boring machine can be used for machining both flat and cylindrical parts.

When working on such equipment, the workpiece is mounted on the table. In this case, the spindle performs a rotational-translational movement.

Modern industry also produces large-sized turning and boring machines. The turning diameter of such equipment can be 4 m. At the same time, the machine can process parts up to 32 m long. The most popular model of a turning and boring machine at the moment is 2A656RF11.

CNC equipment

CNC can be supplemented with both diamond and horizontal, turning or jig boring machines. Modern electronics, of course, at times increases the convenience of using this equipment. The turner controls the work of the CNC machine not manually, but through a computer. This allows you to achieve the highest drilling or cutting precision and maximum productivity.

CNC boring machines can be used for both roughing and finishing workpieces. They are, of course, much more expensive than conventional models. Only turners who have undergone retraining under the relevant program can work on such machines.

Among turning equipment, machines that belong to the coordinate boring group are considered the most accurate. The jig boring machine is installed to obtain complex parts, the production of which causes a large number of difficulties. A horizontal jig boring machine or with a vertical layout is designed to produce parts with several holes located relative to each other with a certain offset. For the first time, it was precisely the CNC jig boring machine that appeared, since the principle of operation is based on the movement of the workpiece relative to the cutting tool with an accuracy of one thousandth of a millimeter. In this case, the device can control the accuracy of dimensions, as well as the location of the workpiece in automatic mode.

Application area

Jig boring machines for wood and metal do not differ significantly from each other, the difference lies only in what load can be supported and what cutting tools are installed in the spindle. Of course, on models designed for wood, metal blanks should not be processed.

The jig-boring machine was designed to produce center-to-center holes located at a certain distance relative to each other. The operation of the device is carried out without the installation of special measuring devices that are designed to guide the tool.

It should be taken into account that the principle of operation of the jig boring machine provides for the following operations:

Obtaining blind and through holes.
Performing a finishing pass on the surface with a cutter.
Reamers and reamers.
Marking work and processing of end surfaces.
Control of the given sizes.

The scheme of the jig boring machine determines that most of the workpieces are represented by body parts. In addition, work is underway to create holes in the conductors, in which they must be located with high accuracy relative to each other.

Boring and other operations on a jig boring machine can be carried out as part of the production of medium and large batches of parts.

The installed tools of the jig boring machine allow marking parts, mainly center-to-center distances. Design features allow you to create holes that are located at an angle or in mutually perpendicular planes. The spindle of the jig boring machine allows you to create holes that are located on the end sides.

Considering the types and models of jig boring machines, it should be noted that the equipment can be equipped with an optical reading device, as well as a CNC system for controlling the position of the workpiece and cutting tool. At the same time, manufacturers of jig boring machines indicate that such equipment is a combination of a measuring and metalworking machine. That is why, in some cases, the workpiece is based on the machine in question, but the processing is performed by other equipment.

If the main components of the jig boring machines are in good technical condition, then the machining accuracy is 0.004 mm. On metalworking equipment of a conventional turning group, it is impossible to obtain parts with such precise dimensions. Considering GOST and accuracy standards for jig boring machines, it should also be noted that some are equipped with a digital display device that allows you to control dimensions with an accuracy of up to thousandths of a millimeter.

Possible layout

Considering jig boring machines and their technical characteristics, attention should be paid to the fact that their use is cost-effective only if it is necessary to accurately position the tool. At the same time, they distinguish:

Models with one rack.
Two-coordinate boring machine.

What is the difference between these models? Considering the description of jig boring machines, attention should be paid to how many columns rise above the table. For large table sizes, two racks are installed to increase the rigidity of the structure and ensure higher accuracy in positioning the tool. A modern jig boring machine can differ significantly in design, which should be taken into account.

Design features

The horizontal jig boring machine has become very widespread, since the main units are conveniently located for processing large-sized workpieces. The scheme of the jig-boring single-column and two-column machine differs significantly. An example is a single-column type boring and turning machine:

The main part of the structure is represented by a frame on which all nodes are located.
Boring on a modern jig boring machine is carried out by installing a special boring head. In some cases, it provides for a quick tool change. The tool of a modern jig boring machine can be attached through special equipment.
Cross table. The principle of operation of this equipment determines the possibility of moving workpieces in two directions.

Manufacturers produce two-column jig boring machines with the following units:

All the same table on which the processing of the installed workpieces is carried out. They can be fixed in order to get a hole or several with an exact relative position.
Rack and bed. Many models provide for the location of the tool above the body or other part. The spindle can be very different.
Boring head. The main technical characteristics are determined by the features of the installed boring head. Some equipment has heads with automatic tool change.

In almost all cases, a two-column or single-column type has a bed that consists of two flat and one T-shaped guide. According to the guides, the sled moves. Accuracy standards are maintained in accordance with GOST due to the precise positioning of all elements relative to each other. On a variety of structural elements, control units can be located: their types depend on which company is engaged in the production of equipment and which control system is installed.

Operating principle

At the time of production of the equipment in question, the following points are taken into account:

The part is fixed on the table, which, as previously noted, can move along the established guides. This moment determines that it is possible to obtain holes by boring
As in almost all metalworking machines, and in those that can process wood, there is a spindle. It should be borne in mind that the spindle is intended for mounting the cutting tool. For some models, the spindle is represented by a head that can change the cutting tool according to a given program. This greatly simplifies the process. The spindle can be located on various elements, it all depends on the features of a particular model.
The boring head and traverse are also fixed by the operator at the required height, which depends on the dimensions of the part.

When considering a boring and turning machine, attention should be paid to the fact that the positioning of the spindle is carried out as follows:

The description of this equipment determines the possibility of positioning by setting the table thanks to the guides perpendicular to each other.
The installed head can move along the traverse. That is why the turning-boring machine can be used to obtain holes on body blanks of very large dimensions.

However, the complexity of the design lies not in the possibility of positioning the tool and the workpiece relative to each other, but in the high accuracy of all dimensions. The standard specifies an accuracy of at least 0.004 mm error.

CNC models

It should be taken into account that the modern CNC jig boring machine has become very widespread recently. This is due to the fact that, according to GOST, the dimensions of many parts must be very accurate. Therefore, if, according to GOST, the accuracy must be very high, and production is carried out for a short period of time, attention should be paid to CNC jig boring machines.

Why is this type of equipment so in demand today?

CNC jig boring machines are equipped with computers through which the coordinates and processing modes are set. Due to the fact that GOST is not observed manually by the operator, but the accuracy is controlled by a computer, the probability of an error is significantly reduced. Therefore, GOST today can only be observed when installing models that are equipped with a CNC unit.

CNC models can be used for both roughing and finishing. However, it should be borne in mind that only trained people can become an operator, despite the absence of the need for manual control. Turners and other professionals must be retrained in order to properly operate the equipment.

The advantages of models with a numerical control unit include:

High work accuracy.
High performance.
Possibility of installation on automated lines.
Protection of the cutting zone from the environment.
The possibility of obtaining complex blanks that have different planes and holes: blind, intersecting, inclined, and so on.
Compact dimensions with high performance.

However, there are several significant drawbacks:

Fairly high cost. The use of modern technologies determines a significant increase in the cost of equipment. Therefore, the profitability of installing CNC machines must be carefully calculated.
Difficulty in maintenance. It is worth remembering that a CNC jig boring machine can only be serviced and repaired by a specialist with the appropriate skills. In the event of damage or failure of one of the nodes, you will have to contact the seller or companies that provide repair services. Solving the problem on your own will be almost impossible.
In some cases, to set up production when installing CNC machines, you need to hire a specialist. This is due to the difficulties that arise when compiling a program for processing and setting up equipment.
Labor costs are reduced by up to 80% and productivity is increased by about 50%. This information determines that one CNC machine can replace three conventional ones.

Modern standards for the manufacture of various parts oblige factories and other organizations involved in production to install CNC machines. This is due to the fact that only they can provide high accuracy in size and surface roughness.

MZKRS and Stan-Samara are considered the best manufacturers. They produce models that are installed in almost all factories and production lines. We will name the most common models 2V440A, 2D450, 2A450. When choosing the most suitable model, pay attention to the following points:

The maximum dimensions of the workpiece.
Mass of the structure.
Maximum and minimum hole diameter.
The speed at which the cutting tool can rotate.
The maximum weight of the workpiece.
Power of the main drive and all additional electric motors.

Most often, this metalworking equipment is installed in machine-building shops. Today, models produced under the Newall brand (England) have also become widespread. Still relatively little distribution was received by models produced under the brands WHN and WKV.

The main movement in boring is the rotation of the tool. The feed motion can be performed by a workpiece or a tool. On boring machines, holes are processed most often in blanks of body parts.

Rice. 66. Main types of boring machines

There are three types of boring machines: jig-boring, horizontal-boring and diamond-boring. Coordinate boring machines are single-column (Fig. 66, a) and two-column. They are designed for machining holes with high accuracy in shape, size and relative position. The machines are equipped with special devices that allow, with an accuracy of several microns, to carry out coordinate movements of workpieces with a table or sled relative to the tool. Processing on machines is carried out in special rooms in which a temperature of 20 ± 1 0 C is maintained.

Horizontal boring machines (Fig. 66, b) are intended for processing, as a rule, blanks of body parts. Coordinate and horizontal boring machines are used in small-scale production.

Coordinate and horizontal boring machines are produced with various CNC systems. On some machines, the tool is programmed and automatically installed according to the specified coordinates of the workpiece and fixed before processing the moving parts of the machine, on others, the entire processing cycle is controlled after the workpiece is installed, on the third, equipped with additional tool magazines, which provides programmatic control of the entire cycle of processing workpieces with a wide variety of surfaces, including automatic tool change.

On diamond boring machines (Fig. 66, in) machine cylindrical holes with high precision in small-sized body blanks. Processing is carried out according to an automatic cycle. These machines are used in large-scale and mass production.

The most widely used horizontal boring machines. On the bed 1 such machines (see Fig. 66, b) fixed front pillar 7 . The headstock 6 moves along its vertical guides. with spindle 5 . Table 4 moves along the longitudinal guides of the frame. Slides are mounted in its transverse rails 3 , on which the turntable is mounted 2 . The rotational main movement is performed by a tool mounted in the spindle.

The feed movement can be performed by both the tool - axial movement of the spindle, vertical movement of the headstock, and the workpiece - longitudinal movement of the table or transverse movement sled. The presence of a rotary table makes it possible to process the workpiece from different sides without reinstalling it on the table.

13.2.1. Cutting tools and processing schemes on boring machines

On boring machines, boring cutters, drills, countersinks, reamers, taps, cutters are used. The most widely used boring cutters. Processing is carried out through passage, cutting, grooving and threaded boring cutters.

The most common boring tool is made in the form of a cantilever boring bar. 1 with a core cutter fixed in it 2 (Fig. 67, a). Installation of the cutter on a given diameter of the treated surface is carried out by regulating its departure. Fine tuning of the tool is facilitated when using boring cutters-inserts with micrometric size adjustment (Fig. 67, b). Boring bars, in which the cutters are installed in diametrically opposite sides, provide greater machining accuracy. This is due to the fact that the radial forces acting on the cutters are mutually balanced. This reduces the elastic deformation of the mandrel. Such tools are called boring heads (Fig. 67, in, G).

For trimming, cutters are used, the cutting part of which is made with a main angle in terms of 90 0 (Fig. 67, G).

Fig.67. Tools for machining on boring machines

As a working part of a boring tool, multifaceted non-re-sharpened plates made of hard alloy or composite are currently usually used, and they are mechanically fixed. The type of insert and its location is determined by the shape of the surface to be treated and the scheme of its processing.

On CNC boring machines, as a rule, prefabricated boring tools are used. This allows you to significantly reduce its nomenclature. It includes a unified shank (Fig. 67, d), extension element 2 and head 3 . The shanks of the boring tool for machines with a magazine have special elements for which the grip of the auto operator holds it during transportation to the spindle from the magazine and back.

The cutting speed, feed and depth of cut during boring are determined as for turning. Horizontal boring machines process internal (cylindrical, end and threaded), external (end and cylindrical) surfaces of rotation, as well as flat surfaces.

The boring of cylindrical surfaces is carried out with boring cutters (Fig. 67, a). Trimming the ends of small sizes is done with a tool for cutting work (Fig. 66, b).

Rice. 67. Schemes for surface treatment on boring machines

Some horizontal boring machines have a faceplate with a radial slide.

The inner cylindrical surfaces of a very large diameter are bored with a boring cutter mounted on the faceplate of the machine in a mandrel (Fig. 67, in). The main movement is made by the tool rotating together with the faceplate. Similarly, short outer cylindrical surfaces are treated (Fig. 67, G).

External end surfaces, internal grooves and other similar elements of parts are machined with appropriate cutters fixed in a radial support. The cutter, rotating, moves with a radial feed motion (Fig. 67, d, e).

On horizontal boring machines that do not have a faceplate and a radial support, the inner cylindrical surfaces of large diameter and the outer cylindrical surfaces are machined by milling. In this case, the CNC system provides simultaneous lateral movement of the workpiece feed and vertical movement of the tool. The vertical plane can be milled with an end mill. The grooves are milled with appropriate end mills, and the feed movement is performed either by the workpiece when the groove is horizontal, or by the tool if the groove is oriented vertically. When using special devices and devices on a horizontal boring machine, boring cutters can process conical and shaped surfaces. Threading is done with threaded cutters and taps.

Surfaces with a complex contour are processed by milling. On horizontal boring machines, workpieces are also processed with drills, countersinks and reamers.

The processing of workpieces on coordinate and diamond boring machines has its own characteristics. The main type of work on jig boring machines is the boring of cylindrical holes with cantilever mandrels. On these machines, each hole can be machined with very high precision and the spacing between the holes can be accurate. Necessary for this accurate reading of the movements of the workpiece relative to the tool is carried out using special optical devices. They allow you to combine the axis of the hole being machined with the axis of the spindle with an error of no more than 0.001 mm. Before the start of boring, the table, slide and headstock are fixed, due to which high boring accuracy is achieved. In tool production, jig boring machines are also used to control linear dimensions and mark high-precision workpieces.

Diamond boring machines have high precision and rigidity. They are characterized by processing with high cutting speeds (100÷1000 m/min), low feeds (0.01÷0.15 mm/rev) and small depths of cut (0.05÷0.3 mm). As a tool, boring cutters are used, fixed in cantilevered mandrels. The cutting part of the tool is made of hard alloys, ceramic materials and diamond. On diamond boring machines, internal cylindrical and end surfaces are machined with high accuracy and productivity. The workpiece is placed on the machine table, the vertical movement of the feed is performed by the tool. Boring on such machines provides a high surface quality.

Main purpose

Machines of this type are used primarily, of course, for boring holes of different diameters in workpieces. But if necessary, they can also be used for:

turning the outer surfaces of cylindrical parts;
processing of the ends of the blanks;
reaming and reaming holes;
thread cutting;
milling.

Types of boring machines

Equipment of this type can be classified according to several criteria. By scope, such machines can be:

universal turning and boring;
specialized.

Machine tools of the second group, in turn, are divided into the following varieties:

horizontal boring;
coordinate boring;
diamond boring.

Recently, CNC boring machines have become very widespread in enterprises.

What working tools are used

Operations on equipment such as a boring machine can thus be performed in a variety of ways. When processing parts on these units, cutting tools such as:

drill;
cutter;
cutter;
countersink;
tap, etc.

When choosing such equipment of any kind, first of all, pay attention to the diameter of the spindle.

What can be a jig boring machine

Equipment of this type is intended, first of all, for the most accurate processing of workpieces. Coordinate boring machines can be:

single rack;
two-column.

The design of such machines includes:

bed;
rack;
table with sled;
boring head.

Also, a traverse is included in the design of such equipment.

Features of work on a jig boring machine

When using equipment of this type, the workpiece to be processed is pre-fixed on the desktop. Next, the desired cutting tool is installed in the spindle. Then the work is done in the following order:

depending on the height of the workpiece, adjust the traverse and boring head;
set the spindle to the specified coordinates.

the table is moved in the longitudinal direction;
the boring head is moved in the transverse direction along the traverse.

Model range of jig boring machines

Many manufacturers produce such equipment today. But most often, enterprises use jig boring machines:

2E450. This single column model has table dimensions of 630 x 1120 mm and is equipped with an optical measuring system supplemented by an on-screen readout. Also, this boring machine has the function of automatic stop of the slide. Another convenience-enhancing addition to this model is the coordinate pre-set device.
2D450. This model also has a table size of 630 x 1120. The optical device included in its design can count both integer and fractional parts of the coordinates.

Can be used at enterprises, of course, and other coordinate boring machines. Models 2A450, 2L450AF11-01, for example, are also in great demand today.

Horizontal boring machines

Moving the headstock on equipment such as a horizontal boring machine is an additional movement.

What models can be used

There are also many models of such equipment produced by manufacturers. For example, VFC and F.O.R.T. units are very popular with consumers.

Diamond boring machines

The lineup

Turning and boring machines

The main feature of this type of equipment is a very high spindle speed. The turning and boring machine can be used for machining both flat and cylindrical parts.

When working on such equipment, the workpiece is mounted on the table. In this case, the spindle performs a rotational-translational movement.

CNC equipment

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Which boring machine is better?

Boring machines - a class of industrial metalworking equipment, which performs operations for drilling and increasing the diameter of through or blind holes, as well as threading. These units are used for processing large-sized parts in serial or single-piece production.

Horizontal boring machine

This article presents boring machines. We will consider their functional purpose, principle of operation and design features, as well as provide an overview of popular equipment models.

See also: what is a plastic injection molding machine and how does it work?

Boring machine - features, principle of operation

A group of boring units have a characteristic feature, their spindle, fixed in a horizontal (rarely vertical) plane, makes an axial movement towards the workpiece. A working tool is fixed in the spindle seat, the type of which directly affects the functionality of the machine.

Modern boring units are capable of performing the following technical operations:

boring;
reaming;
drilling;
thread cutting (internal and external);
turning;
milling (face and cylindrical);
trimming ends.

In fact, these machines are universal multifunctional equipment that can fully replace several metalworking machines.

See also: models and characteristics of broaching machines.

Heavy horizontal boring machine

The key parameter of any boring machine is the diameter of the spindle that carries the main working tool. Depending on it, all units are classified into three groups: small (diameter 50-125 mm), medium (100-200 mm) and heavy (200-320 mm).

The rotation of the spindle is the main movement of the machine, while the movement of the feed, depending on the design features of the equipment, can be reported either to the workpiece or to the cutting tool. The movement of the tool can be axial, radial or vertical, the movement of parts occurs due to the movement of the desktop. to the menu

Design features

See also: characteristics of popular horizontal boring machines.

Depending on the design features, all boring units are divided into two groups: horizontal and vertical. The most common is a vertical boring machine, consider its typical design using the popular model 2E78P as an example.

working spindles (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
control unit (6);
electrical equipment panel (7);
carrier column (8);
desktop (9);
base (10);
reading device (11);
paired gearbox and feeds (12);
spindle head (13);
workplace lighting (14);
electrical equipment control panel (15).

Design scheme 2E78P

A characteristic feature of the 2E78P finishing and boring machine is the ability to install interchangeable spindles of different diameters - 120, 78 and 48 mm, which increases the diameter of the bored holes. The cutters are fixed on the spindle by means of a clamping screw, a center finder is mounted in the hole located on the end of the cutter head of the spindle (in 2E78P an indicator type center finder is used). The center finder is an auxiliary tool in the form of an overlaid template that allows you to accurately align the axes of the cutter and the bored hole.

The 2E78P desktop consists of two blocks: the lower slide moving transversely along the bed rails, and the table panel itself, moving longitudinally along the slide. On the front wall of the panel there is a ruler for precise positioning of the table. Its installation and movements are carried out manually by means of flywheels.

The headstock is one of the key components of the unit, it consists of an engine, a spindle, and a V-belt drive connecting them. Inside the body of the headstock, an oil bath is formed by the ribs of the body, in which the rotating shafts are located.

A gear gearbox is installed on the 2E78P finishing and boring machine and other models of medium and heavy units. In this model, it gives 12 spindle speeds and 4 speeds of working feeds of the headstock. An overrunning clutch is also provided for accelerated movement of the headstock directly from the drive.

All boring machines are equipped with overload-resistant asynchronous motors, collector motors can only be found in low-quality Chinese equipment. The 2E78P model has 3 engines, one of which is responsible for moving the headstock, the second for its accelerated movement, and the third for moving the desktop. to the menu

Types of equipment

The whole variety of boring machines, depending on the functional purpose and design features, is classified into the following varieties:

drilling and boring;
boring and surfacing (mobile and stationary);
milling and boring;
turning and boring.

Drilling and boring machines - previously the most common group of equipment that could be found in any metalworking shop, but now most of the drilling operations are performed on milling equipment, as a result of which the use of such units has decreased. Depending on the field of application, they are divided into universal and specialized (for mass production of a particular part).

The turning and boring machine is usually used for processing planes and holes inside hull structures. Such equipment is often called coordinate equipment, since it allows achieving high accuracy in the location of holes relative to the plane of the reference surface. In addition to the standard functionality, these units can perform marking operations.

Mobile Boring and Surfacing Machine

A mobile boring and surfacing machine differs significantly from the considered mechanisms. This is a portable equipment used to repair and restore cylindrical holes on large vehicles. Such units can work in any place and spatial position, which makes them indispensable in the field of automotive, ship and aviation construction.

Separately, we single out diamond boring machines, a characteristic feature of which is the use of diamond-coated carbide cutters, which make it possible to process workpieces made of hardened steels. Such units are often used for high-precision boring of automotive parts - connecting rods, bushings, cylinders, etc. to the menu

Overview of the machine 2A6622F4 (video)

to the menu

Popular models of boring machines

One of the most common vertical boring machines is the 2E78P model, which the Maykop Machine Tool Plant has been producing since 1982 to the present day. This equipment is also capable of performing milling operations on parts made of steel, cast iron and non-ferrous metals.

Consider the technical characteristics of 2E78P:

diameter of boring holes - from 29 to 200 mm;
drilling diameter - up to 15 mm;
maximum dimensions of processed parts: 75*50*45 cm, weight - up to 200 kg;
desktop dimensions - 100 * 50 cm;
drive power - 2200 W;
spindle speed - 26-120 min.

Among the horizontal equipment, we single out the 2A622F4 machine, the manufacturer is the Leningrad Machine-Tool Plant named after. Sverdlov. This unit is equipped with CNC - numerical control, which greatly expands its functionality.

See also: "Varieties of equipment for weaving mesh netting."

The CNC allows you to program the automatic movement of the working mechanism along four axes - X, Y, Z, W. The possibility of manual control from the remote control is also provided. The machine uses a domestically developed CNC system - CNC 2C42, corresponding to the F4 automation class. The unit is equipped with an electronic display, which displays data on the mode of operation of the machine.

Technical characteristics of the model 2A622F4:

diameter of boring holes - from 15 to 250 mm;
drilling diameter - up to 50 mm;
maximum dimensions of processed parts: 100*100*125 cm, weight - up to 5000 kg;
desktop dimensions - 125*125 cm;
drive power - 20000 W;
spindle speed - 4-1250 min.

This is a large-sized equipment for industrial operation, focused on use in single and batch production. Machine dimensions are 398*634*398 cm, weight - 20 tons. Among the operational advantages of this unit, we highlight the presence of high-speed hydraulic clamps that automatically fix the workpiece, the device of the spindle assembly on precision bearings and the use of telescopic guides.

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Boring machine: purpose, scheme, characteristics. Boring machine models:

Boring machines are machines used for processing large-sized workpieces in mass and small-scale production using different tools. Equipment of this type can differ primarily in design and scope. In addition to the usual ones, there are also CNC models that work according to pre-compiled programs.

Boring machines: purpose and areas of use

Such equipment can be used to perform such operations as:

threading, internal and external;
drilling blind and through holes;
reaming;
trimming the ends of blanks;
face and cylindrical milling, etc.

Most often, this equipment is used for finishing or semi-finishing. However, it happens that with its use they produce and finish. The part body on such machines is rarely processed, but sometimes this operation is still performed. Repair of a boring machine is carried out approximately according to the same technology as that of a lathe. The same applies to the features of operation. The design of these two types of machines are similar. Like many other special types of equipment designed for processing metal and wood blanks, the boring machine was once designed on the basis of the lathe.

Types of boring machines by design

Enterprises can use three main types of such equipment:

horizontal boring machines;
coordinate boring;
diamond boring.

The first two types of machines are most widely used. The spindle is responsible for moving the tool in all types of such equipment. When performing workpiece processing operations, tools such as drills, reamers, countersinks can be used. Sometimes a cutter is also used.

Horizontal boring models

The main design feature of this type of machine is that the spindle is located in a horizontal position and can be extended. This allows you to make holes even in the most inaccessible places, including in dimensional parts (arrows, frames, metal structures).

The main movement of horizontal boring models is rotational-translational. It is done by the spindle. Moves in such machines not only the tool itself, but also the workpiece. If necessary, feeds and speeds can be switched during operation. Filing in some cases is carried out by means of a special substrate.

Depending on the configuration, in addition to the main movements, such machines may have auxiliary:

spindle head along the vertical axis;
table at the given coordinates.

Also, the design of some models provides for the possibility of moving the lunette and the rear rack. Below is a diagram of a boring machine of this type. Horizontal models can be used to machine parts made of cast iron or cast steel.

Views by layout

A boring machine is usually used to process complex configuration parts with many holes, grooves and ledges. According to the layout, this equipment is classified into:

Models with spindle diameter up to 125 mm. With the use of such equipment, usually small workpieces are processed. The table of such models can move along two axes. The boring head is able to move along the column in the vertical direction.
Equipment with a spindle diameter of 100-200 mm. Such a boring machine is designed to work with medium-sized and large-sized workpieces. With such machines, the table moves in only one direction.
Models with spindle 125-320 mm. This equipment is used for processing very large parts. These machines have a stationary table.

Features of coordinate boring models

Machines of this variety are used for drilling holes according to precisely specified parameters. This operation can be performed on different blanks (conductor plates, body parts, etc.). High processing accuracy is ensured by the presence of special devices in the design of coordinate boring models: mechanical, optical and electronic. In addition, such models are equipped with rotary tables. This allows you to make holes in polar coordinate systems without having to move the part. Enterprises can use two-column or single-column jig boring machines. The dimensions of models of this type, unlike horizontal ones, are not too large.

Diamond boring machines

Models of this group are intended mainly for fine boring of cylindrical surfaces. In the presence of additional accessories on them, shaped and conical surfaces of rotation, grooves and ends can also be machined. When using such machines, it is allowed to drill several holes at the same time with parallel axes. Diamond boring machines can be:

vertical;
oblique;
combined;
horizontal with a movable table.

Price

Boring machines in many cases belong to special-purpose equipment. Therefore, they are for the most part very expensive. There are models, the price of which can be millions of rubles. Some machines are cheaper - several hundred thousand. The price of equipment of this type, like any other, depends primarily on its technical characteristics. Today, there are also used machines of this type on the market. They are, of course, cheaper than new ones.

Boring machines: domestic and foreign models

Boring machines are widely represented on the domestic market. There are many brands of this equipment. An example is:

Machine tools of the WH, WHN, WRD series manufactured by TOS Varnsdorf.
Mobile Climax models made in the USA.

Until now, Soviet models of this group are also very popular on the market. For example, if you wish, you can purchase horizontal boring 2A614, 2A622, 2A635 or coordinate boring 2421, 2E440, 2E450, etc.

Main technical characteristics

When buying a boring machine, usually pay attention to the following parameters:

spindle diameter;
maximum allowable dimensions and weight of blanks;
desktop size;
the maximum possible movement along the axes;
number of speeds;
feed range;
engine power.

Another important characteristic of the boring machine is the engine power.

CNC boring machines

Models of this variety in comparison with conventional ones have a lot of advantages. Their work is controlled by a computer with a program embedded in it. This allows you to achieve high processing accuracy and maximum productivity. The program is written in special codes specified in the description for the machine. This modern equipment can be used for both roughing and finishing parts.

Boring machines - the equipment is really in demand and in many cases irreplaceable. Especially when you need a jeweler's precision or maximum performance. If an enterprise has a need for equipment of this type, it will not be difficult to find a suitable model in the modern domestic market.

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boring machine

According to the existing classification, this metal-cutting equipment belongs to the II group of drilling and boring machines. Boring machines are designed for roughing, semi-finishing and finishing of holes.

On this equipment processing of flat surfaces, and cutting of a carving is also possible. Drills, countersinks, reamers, boring cutters, various types of cutters, etc. are used as cutting tools. Horizontal boring machines are the most widely used, however, in addition to this type of metal-cutting equipment, jig boring and diamond boring machines are also used.

Classification of boring machines

Boring machines are most widely used in single, small-scale and mass production. This equipment processes complex body parts with many holes, necks of grooves and ledges. According to their layout, horizontal boring machines are divided into three groups:

Machines with spindle diameter up to 125 mm. designed for machining workpieces of medium and small sizes;

Machines with a spindle diameter of 100 - 200 mm. Designed for machining workpieces of medium and large sizes;

Machine tools for machining especially large parts have a spindle in the aisles of 125 - 320 mm.

Boring machines of the first group have a fixed column and a work table that moves along two axes in a horizontal plane. The spindle with the rotating tool is located in the boring head, which is able to move in the vertical direction along the column. For machines of the second group, the desktop can only move in one direction. Perpendicular to it, a movable column can move along the guides. For machines of the third group, the table is motionless.

The principle of operation of boring machines

All movements on the working and rapid feed are made by the column (front rack). Equipment of this type also has a movable rear stand with steady rest. The height of the steady rest can be adjusted. The purpose of the rear stand with steady rest is to secure the extension bar with the cutting tool when processing through and deep holes.

All types of horizontal boring machines are equipped with a rotary table. It is designed to rotate a rigidly fixed part to the desired angle. This function is necessary for precise machining of holes in body parts.

The main cutting movement is the rotation of the cutting tool. It is mounted in the spindle with the help of auxiliary technological equipment. Auxiliary motion is the movement of a tool or workpiece at a cutting feed. The spindle quill can move along its axis. The spindle itself is located in a rotating faceplate, or in the absence of one, directly in the boring headstock.

As auxiliary technological equipment of boring machines, such devices are used as:

Tacks; Machine vice; Machine square; Conical mandrels for fixing the cutting tool;

Extension rods, etc.

Main technical characteristics of boring machines

The main technical characteristics include indicators such as:

Working table dimensions mm.; Spindle diameter mm.; The maximum dimensions and weight of the workpiece to be processed The largest movement along the axes mm .; Spindle speed range rpm; Range of working giving mm/min.; Power of the electric motor of the main drive of kW.;

Machine dimensions and weight.

Given the fact that many boring machines are unique equipment, their cost can range from several hundred thousand to several tens and hundreds of millions of rubles. The monetary value of metal-cutting equipment depends, first of all, on its technical and technological characteristics, as well as the general technical condition of the boring machine model of interest.

Boring machines: purpose and areas of use

Such equipment can be used to perform such operations as:

threading, internal and external;
drilling blind and through holes;
reaming;
trimming the ends of blanks;
face and cylindrical milling, etc.

Types of boring machines by design

Enterprises can use three main types of such equipment:

horizontal boring machines;
coordinate boring;
diamond boring.

Horizontal boring models

Depending on the configuration, in addition to the main movements, such machines may have auxiliary:

spindle head along the vertical axis;
table at the given coordinates.

Views by layout

A boring machine is usually used to process complex configuration parts with many holes, grooves and ledges. According to the layout, this equipment is classified into:

Models with spindle diameter up to 125 mm. With the use of such equipment, usually small workpieces are processed. The table of such models can move along two axes. The boring head is able to move along the column in the vertical direction.
Equipment with a spindle diameter of 100-200 mm. Such a boring machine is designed to work with medium-sized and large-sized workpieces. With such machines, the table moves in only one direction.
Models with spindle 125-320 mm. This equipment is used for processing very large parts. These machines have a stationary table.