How warm can a log house be? Wood is quite rightly considered a warm material that provides good protection from the cold. In fact, wood is about five times warmer than brick, foam concrete - 2-3 times. But what happens in practice and how to make the house really warm?
Heat engineering issues
In order for the house to be warm, it is necessary that its walls and other enclosing structures have a certain resistance to heat transfer. In accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003, the resistance to heat transfer of the external walls of residential premises is determined depending on the location.
For example, in the Moscow region, according to new standards, this figure should not be less than 3.13 K m 2 /W. A 150 mm thick wall made of pine timber has a thermal resistance of about 1.25. With a thickness of 200 mm - approximately 1.6 K m 2 / W. In any case, the heat-shielding qualities of a timber wall do not reach modern requirements, although they are quite within the standards in force for buildings built before 2000.
From this we can conclude that in order for a house made of logs to meet modern ideas about minimum energy efficiency, it is necessary to insulate it, and for this there are various materials.
How to insulate a house from a bar?
Before starting work on the insulation of walls from a bar, you need to understand what happens in the thickness of the wall, how it works for heat saving.
In addition to the temperature difference on the inner and outer surfaces of the wall, one must not forget about the difference in humidity. Inside the air humidity is always higher than outside. Steam penetrates into the pores of the wood and moves in the direction of lower partial pressure - to the outer surface.
The most effective way of insulation is external thermal insulation. With this method, the wall always remains warm and is not affected by frost destruction. But it is very important that the insulation is sufficiently permeable to steam. The high humidity of the walls can quickly render a wooden house unusable, and create a very unpleasant, pathogenic microclimate inside.
Among modern heat-insulating materials, mineral wool is the best vapor-permeable material. For comparison, we can bring the vapor permeability of wood and various heaters.
- Pine across the fibers - 0.06 mg / (m h Pa).
- Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene) - 0.05 mg / (m h Pa).
- EPPS - 0.013 mg / (m h Pa).
- Mineral wool - 0.5 mg / (m h Pa).
From the above data, it is clear that mineral wool is the best material for insulating a log house from the outside. The advantage of vapor permeability is so great that it outweighs not the lowest cost of mineral wool.
The best conditions for moisture removal are created by a ventilated facade, in which an air gap of 20-50 mm thick remains between the insulation and the outer cladding. It should have air inlet at the bottom and outlet at the top. In this case, a constant air flow is created in the gap, which prevents moisture from accumulating.
To prevent transverse diffusion of air into the insulation, it is closed with a windproof membrane, which does not prevent steam from escaping, but increases the efficiency of thermal insulation. Vinyl siding, blockhouse or other suitable material can be used for exterior cladding.
Warming step by step
How to insulate a house from a bar: it is possible to cover a new bar house with thermal insulation only after it has completely shrunk. In any case, the insulation of walls from a bar must begin with surface preparation. It is necessary to remove the moss, clean the areas damaged by rot or mold, treat the walls with an antiseptic and caulk the cracks.
The next step is the installation of the crate. It can be made from wooden bars of a suitable section, or from metal wall profiles for drywall. Profiles are installed vertically, every 40 - 50 cm.
First, you should fix the basement profile, limiting the hinged facade from below. Then brackets are attached to the wall with a step along the profiles of the crate of no more than 80 cm.
After that, thermal insulation slabs are laid on the wall, starting from the base. The plates of the brackets pass through the plates through the slots made in them. Then, in the same way, a windproof membrane is laid on the slabs. On top of the membrane, you need to install umbrella fasteners that will fix the insulation. It is important that the length of the brackets allows you to install the crate with the necessary clearance between the insulation and the cladding.
A crate is mounted on the insulated wall. The profiles are placed on the base profile, set vertically and fastened to the brackets with self-tapping screws or detachable rivets. In this case, not only the vertical of each profile is controlled, but also their alignment in a common plane. Everywhere you need to use only galvanized fasteners.
After installing the crate, the cladding is mounted. It is important that the ventilation gap remains open from below and above, and also that stagnant zones under the window sills do not form in it. In addition, it is very important that all kinds of folds or irregularities of the insulation do not block the vertical air flow.
Calculation of the thickness of the insulation
When calculating the thickness of the insulation, it is necessary to take into account the thermal resistance of the wall from the timber in order to bring the total resistance of the wall to the required value. It is better to take the thickness with a margin in order to compensate for the influence of cold bridges and the possible deterioration of thermal insulation qualities at high humidity.
Mineral wool Hotrock
So how to insulate a log house from the outside. Mineral wool Hotrock is European-class basalt thermal insulation. The range includes boards of different densities, designed for insulation of a wide variety of structures, including ventilated facades. Depending on the characteristics of a particular object, you can choose plates with a density of 35 to 90 kg / m 3. The thermal conductivity of all slabs in the dry state fluctuates around 0.035 - 0.038 W / m K. A 50 mm thick slab is equivalent in thermal resistance to a 150 mm thick pine beam.
Basalt wool is completely non-combustible, does not retain moisture, is not damaged by rodents and insects, fungi and mold do not develop in it. By the sum of its qualities, it is recognized as the best material for wall insulation.
Insulation of a log house from the outside is necessary not only to ensure an optimal climate inside the rooms, but also to protect wooden walls from the negative effects of the external environment. However, to ensure high-quality thermal insulation, it is not enough just to choose a material that will have a minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity, but also have natural properties. Is it difficult to insulate a log house from the outside or choose an internal method?
Thermal insulation of the facade of a log house from the outside has a number of the following advantages:
- when carrying out external work, uncomfortable conditions are not created for the residents of the house;
- the internal space of the premises is preserved;
- additional protection of load-bearing structures from negative external factors is provided;
- the ability to easily change the cladding of the facade of the house;
- increases the life of the building;
- the dew point is outside the main structures, so the problems of dampness or condensation are not terrible;
- the natural properties of wood are preserved due to optimal air exchange with the external environment.
The disadvantages of this insulation technology include:
- work is permissible only under optimal climatic conditions: in the absence of precipitation and positive ambient temperatures;
- the need for external cladding or finishing, which can cause significant financial costs;
- it is possible to insulate the facade of the building only after the period of shrinkage of the beam has passed, namely after 1-2 years after its construction.
Types of materials for insulation
Insulation of the walls of a log house from the outside can be done using one of the following heat-insulating materials:
- polystyrene;
- mineral wool;
- extruded polystyrene foam.
Styrofoam
External insulation of a house made of timber with foam plastic is the cheapest way of thermal insulation. The material has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03-0.04 W/m·K. It has increased moisture resistance (maximum absorption up to 1% of the total volume), so mold and fungus do not form on it.
The service life of the foam is more than 20 years, so maintenance of the insulated layer is not required during this time. During installation, there are also no difficulties or problems, since the minimum number of tools is used, the installation is carried out quickly and efficiently.
Other benefits of polystyrene include:
- optimal level of sound insulation;
- minimal loads on load-bearing structures compared to other materials;
- ease of processing sheets;
- the possibility of applying a finishing layer directly on the insulation.
Mineral wool
Insulation of a timber house outside with mineral wool is the most common method of thermal insulation. The fibrous material has a natural composition, so it can contact wood without problems. Due to the softness of the mats, it can be tightly laid on the surface of any shape without air gaps.
The coefficient of thermal conductivity of mineral wool is 0.077-0.12 W / m K, depending on the type of fibers and the thickness of the plates or roll. Density varies from 10 to 100 kg/m 3 . The minimum service life is 20 years.
Warming a log house from the outside with stone wool allows you to get the following advantages:
- high level of sound insulation;
- increased fire resistance;
- not prone to damage by rodents or pests;
- optimal vapor permeability and air exchange.
The use of extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) is the most profitable and expensive, as it easily tolerates conditions of high humidity, external mechanical influences, and contact with chemically active substances. Its service life is up to 100 years, that is, it has no analogues today.
The coefficient of thermal conductivity of XPS is on average 0.03 W/m·K. The level of moisture absorption is up to 0.4% of the total volume for 30 days. Unlike foam plastic, EPPS has a parapermeability of 0.05 mg / m·Pa·h and a uniform structure (granules with a size of 0.2 mm).
The density of the plates varies from 25 to 45 kg/m 3 , due to which the load on the walls can be accurately calculated. Compressive strength up to 0.16 MPa, and bending strength up to 0.25 MPa.
The main advantages of EPPS include:
- resistance to sudden temperature changes;
- environmental friendliness of the composition;
- resistance to the appearance of fungus and mold;
- chemical resistance.
Criteria for the choice of material and requirements for the technology of the insulation process
Proper insulation of a log house from the outside can be done with materials that meet the following requirements:
- optimal ratio of material thickness and strength, minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity;
- moisture resistance;
- incombustibility;
- so that the weight of the insulation can withstand the supporting structures;
- ease of installation;
- unpretentiousness in operation and undemanding maintenance.
The requirements for insulation technology are as follows:
- wood must be protected from external negative factors: temperature, moisture;
- heat-insulating sheathing must have sufficient strength, not shrink and withstand sudden temperature changes;
- all layers of the material should not accumulate moisture, that is, be well ventilated, or have increased waterproofing properties;
- the technological conditions of installation should allow the implementation of a specific method of insulation: evenness of the surface, the absence of obvious or hidden defects, the possibility of mounting guides, etc.
An important role is also played by the operating conditions of the insulation:
- temperature range in a particular area;
- building features: fire hazard, the possibility of contact with various chemically active substances, the likelihood of mechanical damage;
- the minimum duration of operation of the insulation under specific conditions;
- the need for maintenance.
Therefore, when choosing a material, it is important to take into account all the influencing factors. Only in this case it is possible to ensure the maximum period of their operation and the absence of problems with the timber. It is also worth paying attention to the additional properties of the insulation, which will save on laying sound or waterproofing.
Features of preparing the walls of the house for insulation
The technology of warming a log house from the outside requires the following conditions and preparatory work:
- a wooden house must go through a period of shrinkage into the ground after construction;
- wood must be impregnated with antiseptics and protective impregnations that reduce flammability and moisture absorption;
- all cracks and defects must be sealed, if necessary, several logs must be replaced;
- consideration must be given to how the materials will interact with the timber in order to ensure the longest possible service life.
Options for external insulation of a log house
Warming a log house from the outside with your own hands can be done using one of the following methods:
- with the help of a hinged ventilated facade;
- by spraying a polyurethane layer;
- sheathed with foam.
Installation of a hinged ventilated facade
The installation of a ventilated facade involves the installation of a lathing with laying in the space between the insulation guides and subsequent sheathing with facing panels. Mineral wool boards are used as heat-insulating material.
The main advantages of this technology are:
- increasing the level of hydro and sound insulation of walls;
- ease of installation;
- minimum requirements for surface evenness;
- wide choice of finishing materials;
- displacement of the dew point from the supporting structure to the insulating layers;
- ease of maintenance and repair of the hinged frame.
The implementation of the method is as follows:
- Preparatory work is being carried out: wood is treated with impregnations, defects are removed, etc.
- A wooden or metal crate is mounted along the width of the insulation.
- A waterproofing layer is laid.
- Insulation is mounted between the guides.
- The insulation is sheathed with a windproof membrane.
- The counter-lattice is laid along the slats of the main batten.
- Sheathing is carried out with boards or decorative panels.
Insulation under siding
The insulation of a log house outside under the siding is similar to the technology of thermal insulation by the method of a hinged facade. However, there are a number of features:
- as a heater, you can use mineral wool or EPPS;
- joints of thermal insulation and guides are sealed with mounting foam;
- when using mineral wool, a diffusion membrane is used as a waterproofing;
- when laying XPS, siding can be installed directly on the main crate, since waterproofing is not required.
Spraying a polyurethane layer
Polyurethane spraying is an innovative method, the most effective and expensive among all existing ones. It is with its help that it is possible to form a sealed seamless layer that is highly resistant to negative external influences: moisture, sudden temperature changes, and pests.
The advantages of this technology are:
- maximum protection of timber from decay;
- improving the fire resistance of walls;
- increased adhesion of the applied layer to various building materials;
- no need to level the base;
- fasteners are not needed;
- increases sound insulation;
- high layer uniformity.
However, there are a number of negative points:
- the difficulty of applying a uniform layer;
- the need to use special equipment;
- high cost of polyurethane foam;
- instability to direct ultraviolet rays.
The method is implemented like this:
- The surface of the walls is cleaned from dirt and various stains.
- Wood is treated with antiseptics and other protective compounds.
- Installed wooden guides.
- Spraying polyurethane foam. If necessary, two layers.
- The cladding is installed.
Foam insulation
Thermal insulation of walls with foam plastic is very profitable and inexpensive, since the material is relatively cheap, easy to install and unpretentious in operation. In addition, laying the crate is not required, finishing can be done directly on the insulation, with sharp temperature fluctuations it does not lose its properties.
Styrofoam is a combustible material, therefore it is necessary to treat wood with impregnations that increase the ignition temperature or make it non-flammable (flame retardants).
The warming method is implemented as follows:
- A vertical crate of wooden bars is mounted to the walls. Their thickness is equal to the thickness of the insulation, and the fastening step is equal to the width of the plates.
- Styrofoam sheets are butt-mounted inside the frame. The seams are glued with sealant or heat-insulating tape. The foam is fastened to dowels, called "umbrellas", or to an adhesive base.
- A diffusion membrane is laid on top of the foam butt. All joints are glued with special adhesive tape. The membrane is fastened to the staples using a stapler.
- The facing layer is installed.
At the preparatory stage of the foam plastic installation, it is important to carefully align the walls, since at the slightest bends (more than 1.5 mm per linear meter), cracks may appear in the sheets. In addition, this will save on the consumption of a layer of plaster.
For plastering walls, it is not necessary to install a crate, since the load on the decorative layer is minimal. However, there is one important condition - it is necessary to lay a reinforcing layer in order to increase the engagement area of the outer layer and mechanical strength.
To make a house made of timber cozy, warm and inexpensive to maintain, to reduce heating costs, then external insulation methods are the most profitable. Their implementation is relatively simple, and there are a lot of advantages: lower heating costs, protection of load-bearing structures from temperature extremes, pests, mechanical, physical and chemical influences.
When choosing materials for insulation, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements for thermal insulation and the total budget for all stages of work.
Which are built from timber are quite popular. Some people start building such houses with their own hands.
Here it is important to pay attention to the fact that before the completion of construction, the outer walls should be carefully insulated.
1 How to insulate the house with foam plastic from the outside?
You can do the insulation of a log house or bath from the outside with your own hands; at the same time, you should choose the most suitable material and get acquainted with the features of the technological process.
Warming a house from a bar from the outside with foam is one of the most popular and sought-after methods.
It is not so difficult to insulate the surface of the walls of a bathhouse or a wooden house as in the case with - the foam is easily attached to the surface of the glued beam, and siding can be applied on top.
When insulating the walls of a bath from glued beams with foam plastic, the heat-conducting characteristics of such a coating as siding are significantly reduced. In order to start decorating the walls with foam, and then mount the siding with your own hands, you can not do without:
- Reek;
- Waterproofing materials;
- self-tapping screws;
- Drills;
- Building level;
- Clapboards;
- antiseptic;
- Mounting foam;
- brushes;
- Gloves to protect hands from contamination;
- Construction stapler;
- Staple;
- Saws.
1.1 Preparatory work before insulation
Before starting the insulation of a building from glued laminated timber with foam plastic, the technology requires preparatory work at the initial stage.
Due to the fact that the surface of the walls made of glued laminated timber is quite even, it is only necessary to clean it from adhering dust and dirt, as with.
After that, you need to wait until the moment when the antiseptic is completely absorbed into the surface of the wooden coating. The same procedure is carried out when warming the bath with Penoplex.
After that, small gaps and cracks are sealed with their own hands, since cracks often appear on the surface of the walls of the bath from glued beams.
The technology, with an orientation towards which the walls of the bath are finished with Penoplex or foam plastic, provides for the elimination of unwanted holes by means of mounting foam.
As an alternative, tape tow can be used. Further, a special frame is created on the outer surface of the building from glued laminated timber, which will later be covered with Penoplex or foam plastic plates with dimensions of 150 × 150 centimeters.
The frame is created using rails, and their thickness parameter must be equal to the thickness of the foam layer. The slats that will be covered with foam must be fixed in a horizontal position.
In this case, the width between them should be slightly less than the dimensions of the insulation material. This is necessary so that the insulation fits tightly enough into the structure and cannot fall out of it. Siding is installed on top.
At the time when the crate will be created, it is important to ensure that distortions do not appear, the building level can help with this.
1.2 Installation of foam boards and facade material
The next stage of warming a wooden house is connected with the warming of the timber from the outside. The siding can then be installed.
The foam sheet is placed in pre-prepared cavities that were created by means of crates. All free space is filled with polystyrene, after which the insulation is fixed with self-tapping screws.
At this time, you need to ensure that the foam is not pressed against the crate strongly enough. Otherwise, it may be deformed and lose a significant part of its performance.
The price is a little higher, but the performance is worth it. Such insulation is used in order to protect the insulation from the effects of air currents that will circulate between the foam layer and the exterior finish material.
In this case, it will be siding. You can attach the waterproofing film using a conventional construction stapler.
At the end of the fixing, you immediately need to move on to the exterior finish. For this, lining is used in most cases.
With her participation, the facade will be beautifully decorated, and its thermal insulation performance will increase significantly. The lining is fastened with self-tapping screws. The finishing process starts from the lowest point of the facade of the building.
2 How to insulate a timber house outside with mineral wool?
When insulating mineral wool walls, houses will be able to enhance their heat-retaining characteristics, in addition, the presented insulation is distinguished by its durability, affordability and environmental friendliness. In order to realize the insulation of the walls of a wooden house from the outside using this method, one cannot do without:
- Hammer;
- self-tapping screws;
- Hacksaws;
- level;
- Stairs;
- antiseptic;
- perforated film;
- dowels;
- brushes;
- Siding.
Before installation, as in the case of polystyrene, the surface is cleaned and treated with an antiseptic.
After that, you should proceed with the installation of the horizontal type crates. The pitch of the crate should be equal to the dimensions of the mineral wool slabs.
Along with this, the parameter of the beam cross-section must correspond to the thickness of the mineral wool layer. The frame is fastened with self-tapping screws.
It is important to monitor the position of the frame in space using the building level. This will help ensure that the surface of the crate is even. Such actions will lead to the fact that the installation of siding in the future will be performed with proper quality.
2.1 Installation of mineral wool and lining
When the frame of the crate is fully constructed, it will be necessary to start laying out mineral wool slabs.
This will lead to the fact that the process of wall insulation will be carried out as efficiently as possible. Particular attention should be paid to ensuring that the mineral wool fits snugly enough to the bars.
For this purpose, the insulation layer is subjected to additional fixation with a certain number of dowels. After fixing is completed, they proceed to the installation of the perforated film.
Such a film is presented in the form of a diffuse membrane. The membrane can easily pass all the vapors inside.
Along with this, the moisture in the atmosphere will not be able to penetrate to the surface of the mineral wool layer. The next step is to create an air gap, which will be between the facade material and the insulating coating.
This layer is created in order to ensure the movement of air masses that circulate between the surfaces of the facade material and the insulating layer.
This will ensure that the wood used in the crate will not be exposed to the harmful effects of dampness, which in turn will prevent the process of decay.
For this purpose, the bars are installed as if they were in a vertical position. The bars will form a gap with the desired parameters and, in addition, will strengthen the material that was used to insulate the external walls of the wooden structure. Upon completion of these works, you can begin to mount the siding.
2.2 Spraying with polyurethane foam
The presented method has several advantages, thanks to which the insulation of the walls of a wooden house will be especially effective.
The sprayed layer is not subject to fire, it has a fairly long service life and is not able to lose its high thermal insulation qualities.
Polyurethane foam is not subject to decay, it is not affected by harmful bacteria and fungi. The presented insulation has a fairly high soundproofing properties.
During the installation work, there is no need to form additional fastening structures and crates. The material is easy to apply and environmentally friendly.
In order for the heat-insulating layer on the outer walls of a wooden house to be formed with the maximum degree of accuracy and quality, a number of practical recommendations must be taken into account.
After the insulation for the outer walls of the house was bought, it is strictly forbidden to store it in the open.
This can lead to wetting of the material and a significant decrease in its performance. If there is no need to fix the insulation layer with your own hands with the participation of fasteners, then the step of the crate should be made 15-20 millimeters less than the width of the mineral wool or foam boards.
This will lead to the fact that the installation can be carried out by surprise. When working with wall insulation, be sure to take care of the availability of personal protective equipment. For this, respirators, protective gloves and goggles are used.
With all this, you just need to choose the most suitable method of insulation, study its features and purchase the desired insulation.
All installation work can be carried out by one person, while it is important to adhere to technological requirements and, as a result, a wooden house will acquire an excellent outer insulation layer.
When choosing a heater, preference should be given only to certified products that meet all modern standards and requirements.
3.1 How to properly insulate a wooden house from a bar from the outside? (video)
Every year individual construction is expanding. More and more people want to live on earth, alone with themselves and nature. The share of environmentally friendly construction is gradually growing. Every eighth private house is built entirely of wood. 33% of them are from timber. Warming a house from a bar is becoming increasingly important. It allows not only to provide thermal comfort, but also to protect structures from the damaging effects of the environment.
Do I need to insulate a house from a bar? Two positive points of thermal insulation have already been named. They apply to both external and internal insulation. So why is it still recommended to insulate a log house from the outside?
Let's answer this question with 3 points:
- Insulation of a log house from the outside moves the dew point outside the interior and enclosing structures, thereby extending the life of the structure.
- Insulation of the log house from the outside allows you to radically change the facade of the house, giving it any conceived look.
- The process of warming a house from a bar from the outside allows you to save the much-needed internal usable area.
Choosing a material
Rising energy prices have prompted many owners of private houses to think about the need to reduce the cost of heating and cooling the interior of the house. Demand determines supply. Manufacturers of building and finishing materials have developed and launched the production of a wide range of thermal insulation compounds.
Before insulating a house from a bar, it is necessary to choose a heat insulator.
Their main types are:
- fibrous;
- polystyrene foam;
- polyurethane foam.
Each of them has its own installation features, advantages and disadvantages when insulating a wooden house from a bar. All of them have a low coefficient of specific heat capacity, a long service life.
fiber thermal insulator
To insulate walls from a bar, roll and slab materials are produced from artificial, natural, stone fibers. The latter are made from basalt (volcanic stone) by melting and passing the melt through a centrifuge. The resulting fibers are treated with an adhesive composition and pressed. The resulting sheets are cut to size.
It has the following advantages when you need to insulate a house from glued laminated timber:
- high vapor permeability;
- low biological and chemical activity;
- ecologicaly clean;
- not combustible, does not spread flame over its surface.
The disadvantages include high water absorption capacity, destruction under constant exposure to wind loads. When insulating profiled timber, it is necessary to provide for steam, hydro, and wind protection.
Expanded polystyrene heat insulators
It is best to insulate a log house from the outside with the arrangement of a “wet” facade using polystyrene foam thermal insulation. Heaters of this type are obtained by increasing the volume of gas when the granules are heated in a confined space, followed by their connection using adhesives or temperature.
There are two main types of polystyrene foam:
- foamed (polystyrene);
- extruded (foam).
They are characterized by:
- low degree of water absorption and vapor permeability;
- high resistance to compression;
- necessary biological and insufficient chemical passivity;
- high fire risk.
Destroyed by exposure to sunlight. Before insulating a timber house from the outside, it is necessary to provide for a ventilation gap device.
Sprayed polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam is obtained by mixing two components in certain proportions. Application of the composition is impossible without the use of special equipment and trained personnel.
The resulting layer has extremely high adhesion to any building material, fills all the gaps in the structure, is a continuous coating without the formation of cold bridges. It has physical and chemical properties similar to expanded polystyrenes. Before insulating a house from a bar from the outside, it is required to provide for an additional ventilation device for the interior.
You've heard the expression: "A tree breathes." This applies to products made from wood. Cells absorb moisture when it is in excess and give it away when the humidity level drops. This allows you to maintain the most comfortable relative humidity level of 55-56% in the house for winter living.
Basalt slab is the best choice
How to properly insulate a log house from the outside using mineral insulation?
Due to the “breathing” of wooden structures, mineral (basalt) insulation for a log house is considered the most optimal. It passes air well. It is installed close to the wall, thereby reducing the consumption of materials and the thickness of the "pie".
Consider how to properly insulate a house from a bar outside under siding in stages, as the most suitable and most technically complex technology.
The log house is insulated with 2 layers of thermal insulator. Lay them perpendicular to each other.
Insulation of the corners of a timber house is carried out with the same layer of insulation as the wall itself. We pay special attention to the insulation of window and door openings.
- When insulating a house from a log, we close the resulting layer of thermal insulator with a waterproofing membrane, which at the same time plays the role of wind protection.
- We fill a vertical counter rail 50 mm wide and siding high on the beam.
After installing the siding, it must be sheathed with additional elements.
Expanded polystyrene and "wet" facade
Before you insulate a log house from the outside with foam, you need to take care of the ventilation gap between the outer wall and the insulator layer. This must be done due to the low vapor permeability of this insulating material. The gap allows better removal of penetrating moisture without the formation of condensate on the surface of the wall, protecting it from decay.
Since the penoplex has almost zero indicators for vapor permeability and water saturation, protective membranes are not used when insulating the walls of the house with polystyrene foam.
Before insulating a log house, it is necessary to carefully treat the entire surface with septic tanks to protect it from insects and wood destruction processes.
We fix the plates using fasteners with a wide cap. The layers of the thermal insulator are laid in such a way that the top layer overlaps the joints of the bottom one.
After processing the polystyrene foam insulation with a primer, a reinforcing mesh is fixed on it with the help of an adhesive composition. On it, decorative plaster is applied, followed by painting.
With this technology of warming the house from the outside, the appearance of a house made of timber changes dramatically. It takes the form of stone, while acquiring additional protection, which can significantly increase its service life.
Polyurethane foam - reliable
Before insulating the log house by applying polyurethane foam, it is necessary to provide for additional (possibly even forced) ventilation of the interior.
How to properly insulate a house from the outside with polyurethane foam? This requires special equipment that allows the production of a two-component mixture in certain proportions under air pressure.
Non-compliance with the proportionality of the content of the compositions leads to a change in the properties of the final product. Work must be carried out in the means of protecting the skin, respiratory organs and vision.
Before coating with the composition, guides are installed on the surface of the wall, on which the finishing will subsequently be fixed. Additional protection, sealing cracks, leveling the surface in this case for a house made of timber is not carried out.
The composition obtained as a result of a chemical reaction covers the surface with a durable carpet of insulation, perfectly retained on the wall surface during the entire period of operation, which can be more than 50 years. It is necessary to insulate the corners of the house with a thicker layer so that you do not have to reapply when they freeze. Such a thermal insulator is not afraid of either strong cold or sharp warming.
Finishing is installed without the use of protective membranes and films.
Before you insulate your log house from the outside with your own hands, decide on the choice of materials and technologies. The result obtained will please you with energy savings, an increase in the service life and a new facade.
External insulation of a wooden house is an important condition for creating a favorable, warm microclimate inside the building. And for our country, with its harsh winters and winds, this condition often becomes simply mandatory. Of course, roundwood houses are rarely insulated from the outside, but from an unassuming timber - yes. The most commonly used timber size is 150x150 cm. These are the optimal parameters for building a warm house suitable for wintering in the Russian climate. In the article, we will consider the features of the external insulation of houses made of timber 150x150, find out what materials are best used for this, and how exactly to install the insulation.
The importance of insulation
Due to the fact that building technologies for log houses came to us from Western countries, where, as you know, winters are much milder, houses made of this material turn out to be quite cold for our conditions. Although timber 150x150 is an inexpensive material, and this explains its popularity, but, on the other hand, if you live in such a house without high-quality insulation, then in frosty winters you can “compensate” this savings with huge electricity bills and go broke on heating.
Therefore, it is a necessity to insulate houses from a bar 150x150. But after the work done, it will be possible to enjoy a wonderful warm house for many years, and get by with a short (and therefore profitable) heating of the room even in cold winters. But how the facade of the house is insulated with modern materials, this will help to understand
Peculiarities
Let's figure out why the external insulation of houses made of timber is a logical and correct approach.
Insulation from the outside contributes to the transformation of the facade of the building, since, willy-nilly, but it will be necessary to cover the house with finishing material. Thus, the building becomes presentable and looks dignified.
Without a doubt, the house itself becomes much warmer. As a result of high-quality external insulation, you will save on heat carriers and electricity, and you will be able to enjoy home comfort all year round.
The double layer of waterproofing, provided for in the technology of external insulation, reliably protects the house from external precipitation and moisture. As a result, the building is better preserved, does not rot.
External insulation is also good because, unlike the internal one, it allows you to keep the internal square meters of living space intact. The rooms won't get smaller and cramped. But what features exist with the correct insulation of the facade of a house made of aerated concrete, this will help to understand
On the video insulation of a house from a bar 150x150 from the outside:
general information
If you are going to take measures to insulate a house from a 150x150 bar from the outside, you need to go through certain stages of work.
Let's list them in order.
- The first step is to choose a heater.
- Depending on the material chosen, make calculations and find out how much insulation you need to purchase.
- Carry out the installation of thermal insulation. This is the main stage of work, we will dwell on it in more detail below.
- Carry out the final facade decoration, covering the insulation with siding, clapboard, and other finishing material.
The choice of insulation
On which heat-insulating material to stop in this case, we will consider.
Specialists-builders advise choosing one of the following types of material for external insulation of houses made of timber 150x150:
- Styrofoam;
- mineral wool;
- penoplex.
But how the basement of the foundation is insulated from the outside, and what kind of insulation is the best, you can find out from this
Each of these heaters has its own characteristics, pros and cons. Let's dwell on this in more detail.
Styrofoam
One of the most convenient, and at the same time - inexpensive options for insulation. But it also has disadvantages, the main of which is a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. Therefore, the foam will not be able to make the house really very warm. You can, of course, lay the foam in a thick layer, however, this will not significantly save the situation. The thing is that this insulation is more suitable for brick or stone houses, but it is not very good for wooden buildings.
Styrofoam for insulation of a wooden house
Styrofoam does not let air through - this is its main problem. A wooden house must "breathe", even if it is built of timber. Otherwise, the walls of the building will begin to mold, rot, deteriorate. As you understand, years later the walls of the house will already be significantly damaged. After all, the formation of winter condensation under a layer of insulation is inevitable, and this moisture will not be able to go outside. But what is the procedure for warming the foundation with penoplex, and what you should pay attention to, is set out
Mineral wool
Unlike foam plastic, this soft material retains heat remarkably in a wooden house, therefore it is the best choice for insulating buildings made of 150x150 timber. In addition, mineral wool also provides excellent breathability, thanks to which the wooden house “breathes”.
Mineral wool for warming a wooden house
Penoplex
A modern material created on the basis of polystyrene, but devoid of the shortcomings of the latter. The correct name for foam is extruded polystyrene foam. It is made by foaming the original raw materials. As a result of processing, a light, porous material is obtained, completely permeated with air bubbles. Penoplex allows the house to breathe, so it is great for insulating buildings from a 150x150 bar.
Penoplex for warming a wooden house
This material is quite expensive, however, its technical characteristics are so high that more and more people choose penoplex to insulate their homes. But how the bathroom is insulated from the inside in a brick house, and what materials are best used, you can read
Important Properties
This insulation is not subject to decay, mice and bugs will not start in it. This is a completely artificial material, so it is not attractive to bio-organisms.
He is extremely durable. It is one of those few materials that you use once and last for decades. Manufacturers give a guarantee for penoplex for at least 55 years.
In addition to thermal insulation, it also perfectly protects against noise and sounds.
On the video, how to insulate a house from a bar 150x150 from the outside:
Environmental friendliness, safety, ease and ease of installation complete the picture and clearly demonstrate all the advantages of this high-tech material. But how the basement of the pile screw foundation is insulated, and what you should pay attention to is indicated in this
Material calculation and necessary tools
To insulate the exterior walls of a house from a 150x150 timber, it is better to choose material in rigid slabs. Soft rolls of mineral wool can also be used, however, over time, the rolled material can slide down, exposing part of the house under the roof. As a result, the thermal insulation of the building will deteriorate. In addition, plates are a more economical option.
The thickness of a standard insulation plate is 5 cm. Let's find out how much material is needed, using mineral wool as an example.
If the walls of the house are thicker than 20 cm, and in winter it does not fall below minus 20 degrees outside, then a single-layer version of the insulation will do. But in the case when the temperature in the area drops below 25 degrees, then use 2-3 layers of cotton wool.
To lay the cotton wool in accordance with all the rules, you will also need special wooden slats on which the insulation boards will rest.
Reiki requires the following parameters:
- If cotton wool is laid in one layer - 5x5 cm.
- In two or three layers - 5x10 cm.
In addition, the following materials and tools will be needed for work:
- waterproofing;
- anchor bolts and screws;
- antiseptic solution.
- construction stapler with staples.
When choosing an antiseptic for impregnating wooden walls, stop at a complex option that provides, in addition to protection against fungus, mold and bugs, also protection against ignition.
Choose a heater in a trusted store and from a familiar manufacturer. It is important to buy high-quality material, since, unfortunately, fakes and goods with non-compliance with standards and GOSTs are often found on the building materials market.
Mounting
How to carry out the work on the installation of insulation.
The first step is to prepare the surface of the walls where the insulation will be laid. Preparing the house for insulation also includes careful caulking of all existing cracks and holes. Without this, the quality of thermal insulation will be low.
The next step is laying a layer of waterproofing.
Installation of crates made of wooden slats, on which insulation boards will be laid.
Laying of thermal insulation material.
A second layer of waterproofing film is applied on top of the insulation. Thus, the house will be completely protected from the penetration of dampness and moisture from the street.
It is best to carry out work on external insulation in the warm season. The fact is that the preliminary preparation of the walls requires careful treatment with antiseptic solutions. As you understand, this can be done qualitatively only in dry weather.
Treat the building with an antiseptic and flame retardant - a means that protects against fire. As you know, a wooden house has an increased risk of such a disaster.
When laying the waterproofing film, carefully make sure that it is turned to the correct side - after all, this material allows air to pass through only in one direction.
Fasten the membrane (waterproofing) with a construction stapler. This must be done with an overlap - to ensure complete tightness. A margin of 10-12 cm is enough. Isolate the joints of the film with adhesive tape.
When mounting the crate, pay attention to one point: if you subtract two centimeters from the size of the slab and make the size of the cells of the crate the resulting value, then the slabs will hold better and keep heat better. This is due to the fact that they will be in a slightly "spring state", a little compressed.
Mineral wool is quite easy to install. Plates are easily processed, cut. They can be given the shape you need. And for better fixing, they use anchor bolts with a wide hat.
After all the stages of insulation work are completed, it is time to finish the house. For this purpose, you can use the following materials:
- siding;
- lining;
- planket;
- boards;
- block house.
Choose the exterior finish that suits you the most and enjoy a beautiful and warm home.
Finishing is usually installed starting from the bottom of the house. The result is a finished beautiful building: insulated and fit for living.
It is quite possible to independently cope with the work on warming a house from a bar 150x150. Insulation plates are quite light, and the work itself is simple. But it is important to do everything carefully and efficiently, observing all the stages and their sequence. And then the house will be protected from any, even the most severe frost.
We examined the features of insulation outside the house from a bar 150x150. As you can see, there are no special tricks here. The main thing is to choose the right insulation and carry out the work efficiently, taking into account all the nuances. And then your house will please with its warmth in any weather.
