Pumpkin jam with orange: recipe. Pumpkin jam with orange Pumpkin jam with orange recipe slices

Amazing pumpkin jam with oranges will be an excellent replacement for a slightly boring fruit or berry treat. In any case, in terms of taste, it is a worthy rival for them. It's also quite useful! It would take too long to list all the advantages of this blockage; but what is so necessary during the cold season of the year, seaming can easily provide. Pumpkin jam improves weakened immunity, replenishes the body with the vitamins it contains, and also stimulates brain activity and the metabolic process... And “sun in a jar” also improves mood and appetite, which is important, and simply gives a good boost of energy.

Like many winter homemade preparations, the “” treat is prepared in different ways with all sorts of interpretations and additions. The following recipes will help you understand the culinary technology of tasty corking and replenish your pantry with extraordinary deliciousness.


Pumpkin jam with oranges: Recipe No. 1

For the first method of preparing delicacies " Pumpkin jam with oranges. Recipe“You will need to take the following set of products: 1 kilo of pumpkin pulp (medium ripeness), 1 large orange and 0.9-1.0 kg of granulated sugar. A stick of cinnamon or a pinch of cloves can add a spicy flavor to the dish; but these components are laid at will.

So, if necessary, the pumpkin pulp is rinsed in running water and cut into longitudinal pieces approximately 1 cm wide and even thinner. By the way, the peel and seeds must be removed first. It is very important not to make a mistake when choosing a fruit for harvesting. In an overripe pumpkin, the pulp becomes too soft and loses its excellent taste and the vitamins it contains. On the contrary, an unripe one will not yet “reveal” itself. The best option would be the nutmeg variety or “Grushovka”.


According to the recipe, the citrus is also washed, cut in half and the seeds are selected from it. And then the orange is pureed in a meat grinder or ground using a blender. The chopped pumpkin pieces are placed in an enamel cooking container of suitable volume and diameter in a thin layer, and sprinkled with sugar sand. Place some citrus puree on top. In this way, the “laying” alternates until the ingredients run out. The volume of the components should fill the container almost completely, leaving only a little free space to the top. This “laying” is placed in a cool place for 10-12 hours, and then a glass of water is poured into it and it is placed to cook for half an hour over low heat.

In the winter evenings, sometimes you want to plunge into the summer atmosphere, but, unfortunately, each season has its own turn. But a pumpkin-orange delicacy will help you improve the atmosphere at home. Among other things, this delicacy has a lot of useful substances: orange helps remove toxins from the body, and pumpkin will improve your metabolism. I will describe several such useful recipes below.

Pumpkin jam with orange - classic recipe

To make jam according to this recipe you need:

  1. Sugar - 2 kg;
  2. Water - 2 glasses;
  3. Pumpkin - 2 kg;
  4. Orange - 5 pieces.

Preparation goes through the following stages:

Pumpkin and orange jam without cooking - recipe

To make pumpkin jam with orange you will need:

  1. Orange - 2 pieces;
  2. Sugar - 1 kg;
  3. Pumpkin - 2 kg.

How to make pumpkin jam according to this recipe with orange?

Let's consider step by step recipe:

Recipe for making pumpkin and orange jam in a slow cooker

In order to make jam in a modern way using a multicooker you will need the following ingredients:

  1. Sugar - 2.5 kg;
  2. Pumpkin - 2.5 kg;
  3. Orange - 2.5 pieces;
  4. Citric acid - 2.5 teaspoons.

Preparation:

Pumpkin jam with oranges - recipe

In order to cook pumpkin jam with oranges you will need:

  1. Sugar - 2 kg;
  2. Pumpkin - 4 kg;
  3. Large orange - 2 pieces;
  4. Water - 2 glasses.

How to make jam step by step:

Pumpkin jam with orange and lemon - recipe

For such an exotic delicacy you will need:

  1. Pumpkin - 2 kg;
  2. Lemon - 2 pieces (citric acid can be used instead of lemon);
  3. Orange - 2 pieces;
  4. Sugar - 1.7 kg.

This jam is prepared using the following method:

  • Prepare the pumpkin: wash, remove seeds, peel. Cut it into medium cubes;
  • Wash the lemon well, cut it into 2-4 pieces and remove the seeds. Do not peel the zest, but cut the lemon along with it into small pieces;
  • We carry out the same procedures with orange as with lemon;
  • Pour lemon, pumpkin and orange into an enamel container (if using acid instead of lemon, you will need to add it 10 minutes before the end of cooking. 2 teaspoons will be enough for this amount of ingredients). Then pour sugar into the container and leave our jam for 10 hours so that it infuses and all the sugar dissolves.
  • When 10 hours have passed, put the jam on the stove for about 30–40 minutes (make sure the jam thickens);
  • Place the finished hot treat into sterile jars and cover with clean, washed lids. Turn the jars upside down and seal them until they cool completely.

Recipe for pumpkin jam with orange, lemon and vanilla

With this recipe you will succeed very tasty and aromatic jam. And it won’t take you much trouble to prepare. If suddenly you don’t have a vanilla pod, then this is not a problem. You can use vanilla sugar or vanillin instead.

Products you will need for further preparation:

  1. Lemon - 3 kg;
  2. Orange - 3 kg;
  3. Sweet pumpkin - 3 kg;
  4. Sugar - 3 kg;
  5. Vanillin - 4 sachets.

Step-by-step recipe for preparing this wonderful delicacy:

Many people know about the benefits of pumpkin for human health, which is why this vegetable is widely used in cooking. However, not all housewives know that pumpkin can be used to make very tasty jam, which can be used not only as an independent dessert, but also as a filling for many types of baked goods.

The first step to preparing any pumpkin dish is to prepare it first. First you need to take the pumpkin and wash it thoroughly on the outside. If the fruit is large, you can simply wipe it with a wet cloth and then wipe it dry with a clean towel or paper napkin.

After washing, start cutting the pumpkin. To do this you will need a cutting board and a large, well-sharpened knife. The pumpkin can be very hard, so the housewife will have to make some effort to cut it. First, the fruit is cut lengthwise into two equal halves. Inside the pumpkin there is a seed chamber, which is cleaned by hand from both resulting halves. The fibers from this chamber are discarded, and the seeds can be dried and eaten.

Then each half of the pumpkin is cut into large pieces of any shape, the hard peel is carefully cut off from the back side, and the remaining fibers are removed from the inside. Peeled large pieces of pumpkin are cut into smaller pieces in accordance with the jam recipe.

The best pumpkin jam recipes


You can make many interesting variations of winter jam from pumpkin using it as the main ingredient. To make the finished product taste different, you can add lemons, dried apricots, oranges, etc. to the pumpkin. Below are several recipes for making pumpkin jam for the winter.

With lemon


Jam made from pumpkin and lemon only slightly resembles the usual taste of pumpkin, so this delicacy is also suitable for those who do not really like this vegetable. This dessert can be prepared in two ways: cold, which retains the maximum amount of vitamins in the finished product, and the usual hot one.

To make pumpkin jam with lemon you will need the following ingredients:

  • pumpkin – 1 kg;
  • lemon – 1 piece;
  • sugar – 1 kg.

Hot cooking method


  1. To save time, you can start making jam with syrup. To do this, pour sugar into a large saucepan and add 1 glass of water. Then turn on low heat and wait until it boils. During this time, you can prepare the pumpkin by peeling it and chopping it into small cubes.
  2. The lemon just needs to be washed and chopped using a mixer. To do this, it is first scalded with boiling water and cut into small pieces. The peel is left on.
  3. When the syrup boils, you need to add chopped pumpkin and lemon to it, and mix the whole mass well.
  4. The jam will cook for quite a long time - at least 1 hour. Its readiness can be determined by the appearance of the pumpkin pieces - they will become transparent. During cooking, you can wash and prepare jars and lids for bottling the finished product.
  5. The finished jam is placed in clean jars. With a given amount of ingredients, the result is 1.5 liters of jam. The filled jars are rolled up, cooled at room temperature and stored in a cool place.

Cold cooking method


Here you need to take a little less sugar than in the first case (850 g).

  1. Pre-prepared pumpkin is cut into slices of such a size that it is convenient to grind them through a meat grinder. Lemon is freed from peel and seeds.
  2. Both ingredients are ground in a meat grinder, after which sugar is added to the mixture. Next, you can proceed in two ways: simply leave the container with the mixture at room temperature and wait for the sugar to dissolve, or mix it vigorously by hand.
  3. The finished cold jam is placed in jars and stored in the refrigerator. Such jam should sit for a while before it is eaten: the more time passes, the more intense and harmonious its taste will be.

With orange


Just like with lemon, pumpkin jam with oranges can be prepared cold or hot. Cold preparation is completely similar to the previous recipe, you just need to take two small oranges instead of lemon. But the hot method is a little different.

To prepare the pumpkin-orange delicacy you will need:

  • pumpkin – 1 kg;
  • oranges (large) – 2 pcs;
  • sugar – 1 kg.
  1. Making jam begins with boiling the syrup. To do this, pour sugar into a large saucepan and add a glass of water. Cook over low heat until boiling. During this time, prepare the pumpkin by cutting its flesh into small cubes measuring 3...4 cm.
  2. Pumpkin pieces need to be poured with the prepared sugar syrup and left to cool for an hour. After this time, the pan is moved to the stove again and brought to a boil over low heat with constant stirring, then simmer for another quarter of an hour.
  3. At the same time, you can start preparing citrus fruits: they are washed, cut and seeds removed. After this, grind using a mixer or meat grinder.
  4. When the pumpkin has been boiled for the specified time, add crushed oranges to the pumpkin-sugar mixture and cook for another 15 minutes.
  5. The finished product is laid out in prepared clean jars, rolled up, allowed to cool at room temperature and stored in a cool place, for example, in a cellar.

With dried apricots

The jam according to this recipe takes quite a long time to prepare and involves cooking in several stages to obtain the required thickness of the finished product. With this method of cooking, the pumpkin pieces will not become overcooked. The result is an excellent dessert that will delight many sweet tooths with its delicious taste and aroma.


In order to make jam with pumpkin and dried apricots, you will need the following ingredients:

  • pumpkin – 1 kg;
  • dried apricots – 0.3 kg;
  • sugar – 0.8 kg;
  • juice of one lemon.
  1. The pre-prepared pumpkin pulp is cut into smaller pieces and placed in a pan in layers, each of which is sprinkled with sugar. After a few hours at room temperature, the pumpkin will release juice under the influence of sugar. It is advisable to perform this operation at night and start preparing the jam in the morning.
  2. You need to start preparing the jam by soaking the dried apricots. This usually takes about an hour. After this, it is dried on a paper towel and finely cut into pieces of any shape.
  3. Place the pan with the pumpkin and the juice released overnight over low heat and bring to a boil. As soon as the mixture boils, add the prepared dried apricots, mix gently and cook for 15 minutes. After this, the jam is cooled for three hours at room temperature, after this time it is brought to a boil again and boiled for another 15 minutes.
  4. If desired, to thicken the jam, you can boil it one more time, after cooling it for 6 hours after the second cooking. If you are not interested in keeping the pumpkin pieces intact and the appearance of the finished jam, then you can do without step-by-step cooking, and simply boil the entire mixture at one time for half an hour.
  5. The finished product is poured into clean jars, rolled up and allowed to cool at room temperature. Then they are taken for storage in a cellar or other cool place.

With orange and lemon

Pumpkin jam with the addition of citrus fruits is considered one of the best treats for people who want to lose weight, despite the fairly large amount of added sugar. This dessert can be prepared both cold and hot.

Cold way

In this case, cold jam is prepared in exactly the same way as in the first recipe. For 1 kg of pumpkin you need to take 1 lemon and 1 orange (large). The amount of added sugar remains the same - 800...850 g. The same amount of ingredients will be needed to prepare jam using the hot method.

Hot cooking method


  1. The peeled pumpkin should be cut into small cubes. Lemon and orange are washed well, cut and seeds removed. In this case, the orange is still pre-peeled, and the lemon peel is left. Citrus fruits are cut finely.
  2. All prepared ingredients are mixed in one container with sugar, stirred and left to infuse overnight, so it is better to do all the preparatory operations in the evening. It is best to use enamel dishes as a container.
  3. During this time, the ingredients will release juice and the sugar will dissolve. The mixture must be poured into a cooking pan and placed on low heat. After the mixture boils, cook it for another 40 minutes until a thick jam consistency is obtained.
  4. The finished pumpkin delicacy is poured hot into previously prepared jars, rolled up and turned over. In this case, it is recommended to wrap them additionally and wait until they cool completely at room conditions. After this, the jars are sent for storage, and the finished product can be eaten within a week.

Fast way


Here it is proposed to replace long-term cooking of pumpkin by simply adding gelatin. To make pumpkin jam in a quick way you will need:

  • pumpkin – 1 kg;
  • sugar – 0.5 kg;
  • gelatin – 20 g;
  • juice of one lemon.
  1. Pumpkin cut into small pieces is poured with a glass of water (or less if the fruit is juicy) and simmered until it softens.
  2. Using a mixer, turn the softened pumpkin into puree and add the juice of one lemon and sugar. The whole mass is thoroughly mixed and poured into a cooking pan.
  3. Place it on low heat, wait until it boils and cook for another 5...10 minutes.
  4. Then add gelatin pre-soaked in water.
  5. Cook the entire mass over high heat until the gelatin is completely dissolved, stirring constantly (3...5 minutes). A longer cooking time will destroy all the properties of the added gelatin.
  6. Hot jam is poured into clean jars, rolled up and allowed to cool at room temperature. It is advisable to store such jam in a cool place, but not in the refrigerator, since otherwise the finished product may change color (due to the gelatin content), but this will not affect its taste in any way.
  • when preparing jam using a cold method, it is recommended to use enamel containers to infuse the ingredients covered with sugar;
  • It is advisable to use sweet and juicy varieties of pumpkin. If the pumpkin produces too little juice during cooking, you can add a small amount of water;
  • Prepared pumpkin jam should only be stored in a cool place. Otherwise, the preparations will quickly become unfit for consumption.

Pumpkin jam recipe: video

Thus, delicious pumpkin jam for the winter can be prepared in one of many ways with the addition of various other ingredients to give it a special taste.

Pumpkin grows everywhere in our country, but this product is not particularly popular at the present time.

There are, of course, those who add pumpkin to porridge or baked goods, and there are those who bake it, but there are only a few of them.

But from such a healthy and, if properly prepared, truly delicious vegetable, you can prepare many interesting dishes, which include an amazingly tasty sweet delicacy - pumpkin jam with oranges. Surprisingly, even those who previously couldn’t stand pumpkin like this jam, and rarely can anyone guess the composition of the dessert.

Pumpkin jam with orange - general principles of preparation

Before we start preparing the delicacy, let’s consider why you should try making this delicious jam:

You can buy pumpkin almost everywhere in the summer at a very affordable price;

Pumpkin has a large number of useful properties: it contains vitamins, microelements, speeds up metabolism, removes excess fluid from the body;

Thanks to the presence of citrus fruits, the specific taste of pumpkin in the jam is not felt at all;

By adding different ingredients and experimenting with spices, you can get a new dessert every time.

So, the pumpkin must be cleaned of the peel, seeds and fibrous part of the pulp. Next, the pulp is cut into small cubes or sticks, slices or slices, or grated or minced in a meat grinder - depending on the recipe and the desired consistency of the jam.

Oranges and lemons are washed and also crushed. This component can be used with or without zest. If you decide not to remove the peel, then it is recommended to boil the oranges several times so that they do not become bitter in the finished product.

You can also add spices or nuts to the jam; pumpkin, oranges, almonds, cashews, cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon go very well.

Jam is prepared mainly in aluminum or stainless steel pans, but it is not recommended to cook the delicacy in enamel ones.

Store the finished sweet, tightly rolled up or capped, in a cool, dark place.

1. Pumpkin jam with orange and lemon

Ingredients:

A kilogram of pumpkin pulp;

A kilogram of oranges;

A kilogram of sugar;

200 grams of lemon.

Preparation:

1. Wash the pumpkins thoroughly. Cut off the peel and remove the seeds from the pulp. Cut into small thin slices.

2. We also wash oranges and lemons well. Without peeling the citrus fruits, cut the fruits into four parts.

3. Now cut each quarter crosswise into thin layers, removing the seeds along the way if necessary.

4. Mix the prepared pumpkin pulp with oranges and lemon, add sugar. Leave the mixture for a couple of hours.

5. Transfer the pumpkins with citrus fruits and the released syrup into a pan of a suitable size. Boil, stirring, for 20 minutes.

6. Cool the jam completely, then simmer again for 10-15 minutes until thickened.

7. Transfer the hot jam into sterilized jars and roll up.

2. Pumpkin jam with orange and dried apricots

Ingredients:

One and a half kilograms of pumpkin;

600 grams of dried apricots;

1.2 granulated sugar;

5 g vanillin;

200-300 grams of orange.

Preparation:

1. Grate the peeled and thoroughly washed pumpkin on a coarse grater.

2. Wash the orange, peel it along with the white layer. Chop the pulp and remove the seeds.

3. Pour boiling water over thoroughly washed dried apricots for 15-20 minutes, then rinse, dry and cut into strips.

4. Place all the prepared ingredients in a saucepan for making jam, sprinkle with sugar. Mix.

5. Cook the delicacy over low heat, stirring constantly and removing the foam if necessary, for 15 minutes. Let cool. Simmer and cool again. We repeat the procedure 2-3 times.

6. For the fifth time, add vanillin to the jam and bring to a boil.

7. Pour the hot jam into sterilized containers and close the lids tightly.

3. Pumpkin jam with orange in a slow cooker

Ingredients:

1 kg pumpkin;

1 kg sugar;

0.5 kg orange;

5 g citric acid.

Preparation:

1. Wash the pumpkin and oranges thoroughly.

2. Peel the pumpkin, remove seeds and fibers. Cut the pulp into cubes.

3. Cut the oranges in any order, remove the seeds.

4. Grind both ingredients in a meat grinder or grind in a blender.

5. Thoroughly mix both masses with granulated sugar. Let the jam sit like this for a couple of hours at room temperature.

6. After the allotted time, transfer the aromatic mass into a multi-cooker bowl.

7. Cook for 2 hours, setting the “Stewing” mode. During cooking, open the multicooker several times and stir the jam.

8. If we see that there is not enough juice, then no later than 30 minutes before readiness, pour in about a third or half a glass of plain water.

9. In 10-15 minutes, add citric acid.

10. Roll the finished jam into a sterile container with a hermetically sealed lid.

4. Pumpkin jam with orange zest and sea buckthorn

Ingredients:

One and a half kilograms of pumpkin;

A kilogram of sea buckthorn;

Half a kilo of sugar;

100 grams of orange zest.

Preparation:

1. First of all, we carefully sort the sea buckthorn, selecting unspoiled fruits.

2. Rinse the berries in a colander, and after they dry a little, crush them in any convenient way and squeeze out the juice.

3. Wash the pumpkin, peel it, cut the pulp into small cubes.

4. Pour sea buckthorn juice into the pan where we will prepare the jam. Add sugar. While stirring, completely dissolve the sugar in the juice.

5. Add the prepared pumpkin and finely grated orange zest.

6. Stirring regularly, simmer the jam over low heat until the pumpkin becomes transparent. This will take about 30-35 minutes.

7. If desired, five minutes before readiness, you can add a pinch of nutmeg, which will give the delicacy a special aroma.

8. Place the prepared jam into prepared jars and close.

5. Pumpkin jam with orange and almonds

Ingredients:

1.2 peeled pumpkin;

300 grams of orange;

900 grams of sugar;

200 grams of almond kernels;

5-6 buds of cloves.

Preparation:

1. Pour boiling water over the almonds for 15-20 minutes, after which we drain the liquid and remove the husks from the nuts themselves.

2. Cut the pre-peeled pumpkin into bars measuring approximately three by one centimeter.

3. Place the pumpkin pieces in a saucepan, sprinkle with sugar, and stir.

4. On top of the pumpkin we place carefully washed and cut into thin circles or semicircles, if the fruit is large, oranges.

5. Infuse the mixture in this way for about 3 hours.

6. Boil the jam over low heat for 15 minutes, cool, boil again, cool again.

7. During the third approach to boiling, add almonds and cloves.

8. Place the thickened prepared jam into jars, removing the cloves along the way so that during storage the spice does not overwhelm the taste of orange and pumpkin.

9. Roll up the containers with lids, and after it has cooled, put them away for storage.

6. Pumpkin jam with orange, lemon and spices

Ingredients:

1.3 pumpkin pulp;

Half a kilo of oranges;

Half a kilo of lemon;

A kilogram of granulated sugar;

3-4 cm of ginger root;

2-3 grams of cardamom.

Preparation:

1. Cut the pumpkin pulp into cubes about 2 cm in size. Pour into a saucepan.

2. Here we grate the ginger root on a fine grater, add the zest of one lemon and 300 grams of granulated sugar.

3. Leave the mixture, stirring, for 2-3 hours at room temperature.

4. Squeeze the juice from the remaining lemons into a small container, and cut the washed oranges into small slices, removing the seeds when cutting.

5. Mix all the ingredients in one large saucepan, add granulated sugar, and bring to a boil.

6. Simmer over low heat until thickened, about 20-30 minutes.

7. 5 minutes before the end of cooking, add cardamom and mix.

8. Place the finished jam in a clean container prepared in advance.

To make truly delicious jam, you need to take a responsible approach to choosing the main ingredient: pumpkin. The fruit should be small in size, not overripe, without dents or obvious signs of rot.

Oranges should be sweet. Strongly sour or bitter fruits will spoil the taste of the finished delicacy. Of course, when choosing oranges in a store, it is impossible to understand whether they are tasty or not, so it is best to try each fruit when cutting it.

When adding lemon and oranges to jam, make sure that the fruits are not overripe, otherwise the appearance of the jam will not be very presentable.

Do not forget to remove the seeds from oranges and lemons, otherwise the finished jam will turn out bitter.

If you like the jam to be thick, do not chop the pumpkin, but grate it.

If you use peeled oranges to make jam, add at least a tablespoon of grated zest to the mixture when cooking, this will add a particularly bright aroma to the jam.

By briefly cooking the jam in several batches, you help preserve most of the vitamins.

Thanks to orange, pumpkin jam acquires an indescribable aroma and unobtrusive sourness, but you can also add other citrus fruits, apples, and dried fruits to add new flavors.

To give the delicacy a special piquancy, add a minimal amount of spices at the end of cooking: vanillin, cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg.

A huge pumpkin grew at the dacha - about 10 kilograms. It's just right to make a carriage for Cinderella. Of course, some of it will go into porridge; you can also bake some of this healthy product in the oven. But it’s not possible to put the whole family on a pumpkin diet. What then can be prepared from the remains of the fruit? Recipes for pumpkin jam with orange and lemon will come to the rescue.

Pumpkin summer in jars

If you add dried apricots or nuts chopped in a blender to the mixture, you get a completely different taste. Grated apples also work well.

Jam making technology

There are several recipes for jam, the fundamental difference of which lies in the added spices (cinnamon sticks, clove buds, star anise). In addition, the use of special cooking methods allows you to obtain:

  • mushy consistency with individual surviving pieces of pumpkin;
  • dense cubes in clear thick syrup.

Classic version

Jam is prepared easily and relatively quickly. New variations can be obtained if you add spices, but it is important not to overdo it. For 2 kg of pumpkin pulp, cut into 1.5x1.5 cm cubes, you will need the same amount of sugar and 4 oranges:

Complicated method

The cooking process differs from the first one: not the whole bowl is boiled, but only the juice with sugar. It can be strained using a lid or colander. Having evaporated a quarter of the liquid volume, pour thick syrup over the pieces and leave again for 12 hours. During this time, some of the moisture from the cubes will again go into the sugar solution. The second time they boil everything together for 20 minutes and pour it into jars. They are insulated in the same way for half a day.

Long term method

It is used if there is a desire to make the cubes even denser, to bring them almost to the state of candied fruits. In this case, you need to drain and boil the syrup two or three more times, but this time the interval between procedures is longer and is 24 hours. All other operations are performed in the same way as when creating the classic version of pumpkin jam with oranges.

Such cubes can be used to prepare fruit pilaf along with apples, raisins and dried apricots. But simply as an aromatic, tasty addition to tea, amber pieces are very appropriate.

There are many recipes for making pumpkin and orange jam. But no one canceled the creative approach. The kitchen is still a place where anyone, even an inexperienced housewife, is allowed to experiment, add and invent something of their own.

Well, if you have to go to a friend’s house for tea, you can give her a small present. From paper with a beautiful print, you need to cut a piece with a diameter of 22 or 23 cm, place it on the lid and, pressing the sheet around, secure it by tying it with twine or ribbon. Then an elegant jar of a fragrant and healthy product will not only enrich the taste of tea, but will also evoke associations with a bright, sunny summer. And what could better drive away the autumn blues than pleasant communication and warm memories?