Nikolai Nekrasov was born in 1821 in the city of Nemirov (Podolsk province). The family was wealthy and large. The father was a landowner. Nicholas had thirteen brothers and sisters. The writer's childhood passed in the "family nest", p. Greshnevo.
At the age of eleven, Nekrasov began his studies at the gymnasium, and went through five classes there, although his studies were not very successful. At that time, the young poet had already begun to compose the first poems with a satirical slant, which he wrote down in a notebook.
The beginning of creativity
Nikolai Nekrasov's father was a despot and often showed cruelty in his treatment of others, which also affected the future biography of Nikolai Nekrasov. When Nikolai refused to serve in the army, his father announced that he would no longer help his son financially. In 1838, the poet went to study at St. Petersburg University, where he began to study at the Faculty of Philology. However, material difficulties absorbed Nikolai, he lived from hand to mouth, and there was nowhere to get a livelihood, so Nekrasov found a part-time job - sometimes he gave lessons and composed to order.
At that time, Nikolai made acquaintance with Belinsky, who was a critic, and in subsequent years had a significant influence on the poet. When Nekrasov was 26 years old, he and the writer Panaev jointly bought Sovremennik, which soon gained great popularity and was a success in society. However, in 1826 the government banned the publishing house.
What did Nikolai Nekrasov write about?
Speaking about the biography of Nikolai Nekrasov, it is worth noting that basically in the works of Nekrasov one can trace the line of difficult peasant life, the suffering of the Russian people. The writer's language is very rich, although one can often find simple colloquial expressions, which again indicates the richness of Russian speech that came from the people. He was one of the first who combined different genres in poetic form, such as: satire, lyrics, elegiac notes. We can safely say that Nikolai Nekrasov made an invaluable contribution to Russian poetry and literature.
In 1840, when the writer saved up enough money to publish a book, his first collection, Dreams and Sounds, was published, although the debut did not bring success. Zhukovsky V. recommended that most of this work be published without indicating the author. Then Nikolai Nekrasov decided to temporarily leave poetry and switched to prose, devoting all his time to stories and short stories. In addition, he publishes almanacs, in one of which Dostoevsky was first published (read a brief biography of Fyodor Dostoevsky). It is believed that one of the most successful almanacs was the "Petersburg Collection", which was published in 1846.
Women in the biography of Nikolai Nekrasov
Nicholas had many novels in his life. His women were: Avdotya Panaeva - the mistress of the literary salon, the Frenchwoman Selina Lefren, the simple village girl Fyokla Viktorova.
Nekrasov developed a special relationship with Avdotya Panaeva. She was very beautiful woman, and many men of society in St. Petersburg knew her and sought favor. Avdotya's legal husband was the writer Ivan Panaev, but thanks to numerous efforts, Nikolai nevertheless won her attention. Nekrasov and Panaeva confessed their mutuality to each other and began to live together. They soon had a son, who early age died, which prompted Avdotya to leave Nekrasov. Nikolai, in turn, got along with Selina Lefren, who played in the theater, and they left for Paris together, although Nekrasov returned after a while. The romance between the Frenchwoman and the writer continued despite the distance and until Nikolai met Thekla, a simple village girl. The poet married her and began to call her in his own way - Zina.
Many agree that throughout his life, Nikolai Nekrasov loved Avdotya Panaeva, and not his legal wife, and it was Avdotya Panaeva who influenced the creative biography of Nikolai Nekrasov to a greater extent.
Last years
The Russian poet and writer died in St. Petersburg in 1877 from a severe disease of intestinal cancer, which was identified two years earlier. Nikolai Nekrasov managed to write the last collection of poems " Latest songs", dedicated to his wife Zinaida Nekrasova.
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The great Russian poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on December 10, 1821 in the town of Nemirov, Kamenetz-Podolsk province. His father, Alexei Sergeevich, a poor landowner, served at that time in the army with the rank of captain. Three years after the birth of his son, having retired as a major, he and his family permanently settled in their family estate in Yaroslavl, Greshnev. Here, in a village not far from the Volga, among endless fields and meadows, the poet spent his childhood.
Nekrasov's childhood memories are connected with the Volga, to which he later dedicated so many enthusiastic and tender poems. "Blessed river, breadwinner of the people!" he said about her. But here, on this "blessed river", he happened to experience the first deep grief. One day he was walking along the shore hot weather and suddenly I saw barge haulers who were wandering along the river,
Almost head down
To the legs entwined with twine ...
The boy ran after the barge haulers for a long time and, when they settled down to rest, approached their fire. He heard how one of the barge haulers, sick, tortured by labor, said to his comrades: “And if it were to die by morning, it would be better still ...” The words of the sick barge hauler excited Nekrasov to tears:
Oh, bitterly, bitterly I sobbed,
When I stood that morning
On the bank of the native river,
And called her for the first time
A river of slavery and longing!
The impressionable boy very early developed that passionate attitude towards human suffering, which made him a great poet.
Near the estate of the Nekrasovs, there was a road along which the convicts shackled were driven to Siberia. The future poet for the rest of his life remembered the “sad ringing - the shackle ringing” that was heard over the beaten chains of the road. Early opened to him "the spectacle of the disasters of the people." At home, in his own family, he lived very bitterly. His father was one of those landowners, of which there were many then: ignorant, rude and violent. He oppressed the whole family and mercilessly beat his peasants. The poet's mother, a loving, kind woman, fearlessly stood up for the peasants. She also protected the children from the beatings of an angry husband. This annoyed him so much that he attacked his wife with his fists. She ran away from the tormentor into a back room. The boy saw his mother's tears and grieved with her.
It seems that there was no other poet who so often, with such reverent love, would resurrect the image of the mother in his poems. Her tragic image is immortalized by Nekrasov in the poems "Motherland", "Mother", "Knight for an hour", "Bayushki-bayu", "Recluse", "Unfortunate". Thinking in childhood about the sad fate of his mother, in those years he already learned to sympathize with all powerless, humiliated, tortured women. According to Nekrasov, it was under the influence of memories of his mother that he wrote so many works protesting against the oppression of women (“Troika”, “The village suffering is in full swing ...”, “Frost, Red Nose”, etc.).
When Nekrasov was ten years old, he was sent to the Yaroslavl gymnasium. The teachers in the gymnasium were bad: they demanded only cramming from the students and flogged them with rods for any offense.
Such teachers could not teach anything worthwhile to an inquisitive, richly gifted boy. Nekrasov did not finish high school. He dropped out of the fifth grade because his father refused to pay for his education.
During these years, Nekrasov fell in love with books. They replaced his school. He eagerly read everything he could get in the provincial wilderness. But this was not enough for him, and soon he decided to leave the village for St. Petersburg in order to enter the university, to become a student.
He was in his seventeenth year when he left his parents' house and arrived in the capital for the first time in a coachman's cart. With him was only a large notebook of his semi-childish poems, which he secretly dreamed of publishing in the capital's magazines.
In St. Petersburg, Nekrasov's life was very difficult. The father wanted his son to enter a military school, and his son began to work hard to be admitted to the university. The father got angry and said that he would not send him another penny. The young man was left without any means of life. From the very first days upon his arrival in the capital, he had to earn his living by hard work. “Exactly three years,” he later recalled, “I felt constantly, every day, hungry. I had to eat not only badly, but not every day ... "
He settled in a miserable closet, which he rented with one friend. Once they had nothing to pay for it, and the owner drove them out into the street. Huddling now in the attic, now in the basement, without bread, without money, without warm clothes, Nekrasov experienced firsthand what it is like for the poor and how rich people offend her.
He managed to publish some of his early poems in magazines. Seeing that the young man was talented, St. Petersburg booksellers began to order various books for him for the sake of profit, for which they paid a pittance. Nekrasov, in order not to die of hunger, composed all kinds of poems and stories for them, wrote day and night without straightening his back, and yet remained a poor man.
At this time, he met and became close friends with the great Russian critic, revolutionary democrat Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky. He demanded from modern writers a truthful, realistic depiction of Russian reality. Nekrasov was such a writer. He turned to the plots suggested to him by real life, began to write in a simpler way, without any embellishment, and then his fresh, versatile talent sparkled especially brightly.
In 1848, the writer Panaev, together with Nekrasov, acquired the magazine Sovremennik. They, together with Belinsky, managed to turn it into a fighting organ, on the pages of which the works of the most advanced and gifted writers were printed: Herzen, Turgenev, Goncharov and many others. In the same place, in Sovremennik, Nekrasov placed his poems. In them, he wrote with anger about the cruel insults that the working people had to endure under the tsar. All the best youth of that time read Sovremennik with delight. And the government of Tsar Nicholas I hated both Nekrasov and his magazine. The poet was threatened by prison more than once, but he fearlessly continued his work.
After Belinsky's death, Nekrasov recruited Belinsky's followers, the great revolutionary democrats Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov, to work in the journal, and Sovremennik began to call for revolution even more fearlessly and consistently. The influence of Sovremennik grew every year, but soon a thunderstorm broke over it. Dobrolyubov died in 1861. A year later, Chernyshevsky was arrested and (after imprisonment in a fortress) exiled to Siberia.
The government, embarking on the path of brutal reprisal against its enemies, decided to destroy the hated magazine. In 1862, it suspended the publication of Sovremennik for several months, and in 1866 completely banned its publication.
But less than two years later, Nekrasov became the editor of the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski; he invited the great satirist M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin as co-editor. Otechestvennye Zapiski became the same combat magazine as Sovremennik. They followed the revolutionary precepts of Chernyshevsky; for the first time, the satirical genius of Saltykov-Shchedrin appeared in them in all its might. Nekrasov, together with Saltykov-Shchedrin, still had to wage a stubborn struggle against tsarist censorship.
The highest flowering of Nekrasov's work began in 1855. He finished the poem "Sasha", in which he branded the so-called "superfluous people" who expressed their feelings for the people not by deeds, but by chatter. Then he wrote: "Forgotten Village", "Schoolboy", "Unfortunate", "Poet and Citizen". They found him mighty forces folk singer.
The first collection of Nekrasov's poems (1856) was a huge success - no less than at one time "Eugene Onegin" and "Dead Souls". The tsarist censorship, frightened by the popularity of the poet, banned newspapers and magazines from publishing laudatory reviews about him.
Nekrasov's poems are beautiful and melodious, they were written remarkably rich and at the same time very plain language, thus, which the poet learned in his childhood, living in the Yaroslavl village. When we read from him:
The cattle began to get out into the forest,
Mother rye began to rush into the ear,
we feel that this is a genuine, living folk speech. How good, for example, are two words here: mother rye, expressing the love and even tenderness of the peasant for those long-awaited ears of corn, which he has grown with such hard work on his meager land!
There are many bright, well-aimed and purely folk expressions in Nekrasov's poetry. He speaks of rye ears:
There are chiseled poles,
The heads are gilded.
And about the beets, which were just pulled out of the ground:
Just like red boots
They lie on the strip.
O spring sun, surrounded by a cheerful crowd of clouds, Nekrasov writes:
In the spring, that the grandchildren are small,
With the ruddy sun-grandfather
Clouds play.
Some of these comparisons he took from folk riddles, sayings and fairy tales. In fairy tales, he also found a wonderful image of Frost the governor - a mighty hero and sorcerer. Russian folk songs are especially close to Nekrasov. Listening from childhood to how their people sing, he himself learned to create the same wonderful songs: "Soldier's Song", "Song of the Yard", "Song of the Wretched Wanderer", "Rus", "Green Noise", etc. It seems that their laid down by the people themselves.
Carefully studying peasant life, the poet was preparing for a great literary feat - to create a great poem glorifying generosity, heroism, and the mighty spiritual forces of the Russian people. This poem is “To whom it is good to live in Russia”. Her hero is the entire multi-million dollar “peasant kingdom”. Such poetry has not yet happened in Russia.
Nekrasov began the poem shortly after the "liberation" of the peasants in 1861. He understood very well that there had been no liberation, that the peasants were still under the rule of the landowners, and that, moreover,
In place of the networks of serfs
People have come up with many...
At the center of his epic, Nekrasov placed Savely, the "hero of the Holy Russian", a man, as it were, created for the revolutionary struggle. According to Nekrasov, there are millions of such heroes in the Russian people:
Do you think, Matryonushka,
The man is not a hero? ..
Hands twisted with chains
Legs forged with iron
Back ... dense forests
Passed on it - broke ...
And it bends, but does not break,
Doesn't break, doesn't fall...
Really not a hero?
Next to Savely in the poem, attractive images of Russian peasants arise. This is Yakim Nagoi, an inspired defender of the honor of the working people, Yermil Girin, a village righteous man. By their very existence, these people testified to what invincible power is hidden in the soul of the people:
The strength of the people
mighty force -
Conscience is calm
The truth is alive!
The consciousness of this moral "power of the people", which foreshadowed the sure victory of the people in the struggle for a happy future, was the source of that optimism that is felt in Nekrasov's great poem.
In 1876, after a break, Nekrasov returned to the poem again, but he no longer had the strength to finish it. He became seriously ill. The doctors sent him to Yalta, to the seashore, but he was getting worse every day. The difficult operation only delayed death by a few months.
Nekrasov's suffering was excruciating, and yet, with an inhuman effort of will, he found the strength to compose his "Last Songs".
When readers learned from these songs that Nekrasov was mortally ill, his apartment was flooded with telegrams and letters. They were mourning for the beloved poet.
The patient was especially touched by Chernyshevsky's farewell greetings from exile in August 1877.
“Tell him,” Chernyshevsky wrote to one writer, “that I love him dearly as a person, that I thank him for his affection for me, that I kiss him, that I am convinced that his glory will be immortal, that Russia’s love for him, the most brilliant and the noblest of all Russian poets. I weep for him. He really was a man of very high nobility of soul and a man of great mind.
The dying man listened to this greeting and said in a barely audible whisper: “Tell Nikolai Gavrilovich that I thank him very much ... I am now consoled ... His words are dearer to me than anyone else’s words ...”
Nekrasov died on December 27, 1877 (according to the new style, January 8, 1878). His coffin, despite hard frost, accompanied by many people. ()
Nekrasov always passionately wanted his songs to reach the people. The hope of the poet came true. Yes, and how could the people not sing these Nekrasov songs, if they expressed the very feelings that have always worried the masses! The poet in a dark time foresaw and welcomed the future national revolution:
Rat rises -
Innumerable!
The strength in it will affect -
Invincible!
Biography and work of N.A. Nekrasov.
Childhood.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on October 10 (November 28), 1821 in Nemirov, Vinnitsa district, Podolsk province.
Nekrasov's father, Alexei Sergeevich, was a small estate nobleman, an officer. After retiring, he settled in his family estate, in the village of Greshnev, Yaroslavl province (now the village of Nekrasovo). He had several souls of serfs, whom he treated quite harshly. His son watched this from an early age, and it is believed that this circumstance determined the formation of Nekrasov as a revolutionary poet.
Nekrasov's mother, Alexandra Andreevna Zakrevskaya, became his first teacher. She was educated, and she also tried to instill in all her children (who were 14) a love for the Russian language and literature.
The childhood years of Nikolai Nekrasov passed in Greshnev. At the age of 7, the future poet had already begun to compose poetry, and a few years later - satires.
1832 - 1837 - studying at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Nekrasov studies averagely, periodically conflicting with his superiors because of his satirical poems.
Petersburg.
1838 - Nekrasov, without completing training course in the gymnasium (he only reached the 5th grade), he leaves for St. Petersburg to enter the noble regiment. My father dreamed that Nikolai Alekseevich became a military man. But in St. Petersburg, Nekrasov, against the will of his father, is trying to enter the university. The poet does not pass the entrance exams, and he has to decide on a volunteer at the Faculty of Philology.
1838 - 1840 - Nikolai Nekrasov volunteer student of the philological faculty of St. Petersburg University. Upon learning of this, the father deprives him of material support. According to Nekrasov's own recollections, he lived in poverty for about three years, surviving on small odd jobs. At the same time, the poet enters the literary and journalistic circles of St. Petersburg.
In the same year (1838) the first publication of Nekrasov took place. The poem "Thought" is published in the magazine "Son of the Fatherland". Later, several poems appear in the Library for Reading, then in the Literary Supplements to the Russian Invalid.
All the difficulties of the first years of life in St. Petersburg, Nikolai Alekseevich will describe later in the novel "The Life and Adventures of Tikhon Trostnikov." 1840 - with the first savings, Nekrasov decides to publish his first collection, which he does under the signature "N.N.", despite the fact that V.A. Zhukovsky dissuades him. The collection "Dreams and Sounds" is not successful. Upset Nekrasov destroys part of the circulation.
1841 - Nekrasov begins to collaborate in the Notes of the Fatherland.
The same period - Nikolai Alekseevich earns a living by doing journalism. He edits the Russkaya Gazeta and maintains the headings “Chronicle of Petersburg Life”, “Petersburg Dachas and Surroundings” in it. Collaborates in "Notes of the Fatherland", "Russian invalid", theatrical "Pantheon". At the same time, under the pseudonym N.A. Perepelsky writes fairy tales, alphabets, vaudevilles, melodramatic plays. The latter are successfully staged on the stage of the Alexandria Theater in St. Petersburg.
Collaboration with Belinsky.
1842-1843 Nekrasov became close to the circle of V. G. Belinsky. In 1845 and 1846, Nekrasov published several almanacs that were supposed to create an image of the "grassroots" Petersburg: "Physiology of Petersburg" (1845), "Petersburg Collection" (1846), "First of April" (1846). The works of V. G. Belinsky, Herzen, Dahl, F. M. Dostoevsky, I. S. Turgenev, D. V. Grigorovich were published in the almanacs. In 1845-1846 Nekrasov lived in Povarsky Lane 13 and 19 on the embankment of the Fontanka River. At the end of 1846, Nekrasov, together with Panaev, purchased the Sovremennik magazine from Pletnev, to which many employees of Otechestvennye Zapiski moved, including
including Belinsky.
Creation.
In 1847-1866, Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was the publisher and actual editor of Sovremennik, on the pages of which the works of the best and most progressive writers of that time were printed. In the mid-1950s, Nekrasov had serious problems with his throat, but treatment in Italy was beneficial. In 1857, N.A. Nekrasov, together with Panaev and A.Ya. Panaeva, moved to an apartment at 36/2 on Liteiny Prospekt, where he lived until the last days of his life. In 1847-1864 Nekrasov was in a civil marriage with A.Ya. Panaeva. In 1862, N.A. Nekrasov acquired the Karabikha estate, not far from Yaroslavl, where he visited every summer. In 1866, the Sovremennik magazine was closed and in 1868 Nekrasov acquired the right to publish Domestic Notes (together with M.E. Saltykov; supervised in 1868-1877)
Last years of life.
1875 - the poem "Contemporaries" was written. At the beginning of the same year, the poet fell seriously ill. The then-famous surgeon Billroth came from Vienna to operate Nekrasov, but the operation did not produce results.
1877 - Nekrasov publishes a cycle of poems "Last Songs". December 27, 1877 (January 8, 1878) - Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov dies in St. Petersburg from cancer. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Nekrasov was buried in St. Petersburg.
According to his views, the poet considered himself a democrat, but his contemporaries were ambivalent about his ideas and views. Despite this, the great poet and publicist left behind a poetic legacy that allows him to be put on a par with the greatest classical writers. Nekrasov's work is highly appreciated all over the world, and his works have been translated into many languages.
The origin of the poet
It is known that Nikolai Alekseevich came from a family of nobles who once lived in the Yaroslavl province, where long years lived the poet's grandfather Sergei Alekseevich Nekrasov. But he had a slight weakness, which, unfortunately, later passed on to the poet's father - a love of gambling. So easily Sergei Alekseevich was able to lose most of the family's capital, and his children were left with a modest inheritance.
This led to the fact that Alexei Nekrasov, the poet's father, became an army officer and wandered around the garrisons. Once he met Elena Zakrevskaya, a rich and very pretty girl. He called her Polish. Alexey made an offer, but was refused, as the parents were preparing a more reliable and secure future for their daughter. But Elena Andreevna fell in love with a poor officer, so she did not accept the decision of her parents and secretly got married from them. Aleksey Sergeevich was not rich, but he did not live in poverty along with his entire large family.
When in 1821 the regiment of lieutenant Alexei Nekrasov stood in the Podolsk province, in the city of Nemirov, a boy Nikolai was born in the family. This event took place on November 28th.
I must say that the marriage of the parents was unhappy, so the child also suffered. When the poet later recalls his childhood years, the image of his mother will always be sacrificial and suffering for him. Nicholas saw his mother as a victim of the rough and even depraved environment in which his father lived. Then he will dedicate many poems to his mother, because it was something bright and tender in his life. Nikolai's mother gave a lot to her children, of whom she had thirteen. She tried her best to surround them with warmth and love. All surviving children owe their education to her.
But there were other bright images in his childhood life. So, his sister was his reliable friend, with a fate similar to that of his mother. Nekrasov also dedicated his poems to her.
Childhood
All the childhood of little Nikolai Nekrasov was spent in the village of Greshnevo near Yaroslavl. The family settled in the grandfather's estate when the poet was barely three years old.
From an early age, the future poet saw how cruelly his father treated the peasants, how he was rude to his wife, and how often the father's mistresses, the serf girls, passed and changed before the boy's eyes.
But his father's hobbies for women and cards forced him to take the place of police officer. Traveling around the villages and villages in order to beat out arrears from the peasants, his father took Nikolai with him. Therefore, the poet early childhood I saw injustice and what great grief the common people are experiencing. This later became the main theme for his poetic works. Nikolai never changed his principles, did not forget the environment in which he grew up.
As soon as Nikolai Nekrasov was eleven years old, he was sent to the gymnasium of the city of Yaroslavl, where he studied for five years. But, unfortunately, he did not study well, he did not have time in many subjects, and he did not differ in good behavior either. He had many conflicts with teachers, as he wrote his small satirical poems on them. At the age of sixteen, he decided to write down these samples of his poetry in a thin notebook at home.
Education
In 1838, Nikolai Nekrasov, who was barely seventeen years old, was sent by his father to St. Petersburg so that he could serve in a regiment for the nobility. But here the desires of the son and father diverged. The father dreamed of military service for his son, and the poet himself thought about literature, which captivated more and more every day.
Once Nikolai Nekrasov met his friend, Glushitsky, who at that time was a student. After talking with a friend who told Nikolai about student life and education, the young man finally decided not to connect his life with military affairs. Then Glushitsky introduced his friend to his other friends, the same students, and soon the poet had a great desire to study at the university. Although his father was categorically against studying at the university, Nikolai disobeyed.
But, unfortunately, he failed his exams. This could not stop him, and he decided to become a free student who simply came to lectures and listened. He chose the Faculty of Philology, and stubbornly attended it for three years. But every year it became more and more difficult for him, since his father nevertheless fulfilled the threats and deprived him of material support. Therefore, most of Nikolai Nekrasov's time was spent on finding at least some small job or even a side job. Soon the need turned out to be very strong, he could not even dine, and he could no longer pay for a rented small room. He fell ill, lived in the slums, ate at the cheapest canteens.
Writing activity
After hardships, the life of the young poet gradually began to improve. At first he began to give private lessons, and this brought him a small but stable income, and then he began to publish his articles in literary magazines. In addition, he was given the opportunity to write more and vaudeville for the theater. At this time, the young poet enthusiastically works on prose, sometimes writing poetry. Journalism becomes his favorite genre at this time. Then he says to himself:
"How much have I worked!"
In his early works, romanticism is noted, although in the future, critics and writers attributed all Nekrasov's works to realism. The young poet began to have his own savings, which helped him to publish his first book of poems. But only critics did not always accept his poetic works laudatory. Many ruthlessly scolded the young poet and shamed him. For example, the most respected critic Belinsky reacted very coldly and dismissively to the work of Nekrasov. But there were also those who praised the poet, considering his works a real literary art.
Soon the writer decides to turn to the humorous direction and writes several poems. And in his life there are new successful changes. Nikolai Nekrasov becomes an employee of one of the magazines. He becomes close to Belinsky's circle. It was the critic who exerted the strongest influence on the inexperienced publicist.
Publishing becomes his life and source of income. First, he publishes various almanacs, in which both young, aspiring poets and writers and real sharks of the pen were published. He began to succeed so much in a new business for him that, together with Panaev, he acquired the popular magazine Sovremennik and became its editors. At that time, writers who later became famous began to publish in it: Turgenev, Ogarev, Goncharova, Ostrovsky and others.
Nikolai Nekrasov himself published his poetic and prose works on the pages of this literary magazine. But in 1850 he fell ill with a sore throat and was forced to leave for Italy. And when he returned, he saw that changes were coming in an enlightened society. As a result of all this, the writers who published in the magazines were divided into two groups. Censorship bans also became aggravated.
Because of the bold publications, the magazine received a warning. The authorities were afraid of the activities of writers. A real disgrace was organized against the most dangerous masters of the pen. Many have been exiled. The activities of Sovremennik were first suspended. Then, in 1866, the magazine was closed for good.
Nekrasov goes to work in the journal Domestic Notes. He begins to release a supplement to the magazine, which has satirical content.
The personal life of the poet
In his personal life, the poet had three women whom he loved and whom he mentioned in his will:
A. Panaeva.
S. Lefren
Z.N. Nekrasov
Avdotya Panaeva was married to a friend of Nikolai Nekrasov. Their meeting took place at literary evenings. Then the poet was 26 years old. Avdotya, although not immediately, noticed Nikolai Nekrasov and reciprocated. They began to live together, and even in the house where her legal husband lived. This union lasted as long as 16 years. In that strange union a child is born, but he early years dies, and discord begins between the lovers, and soon Avdotya goes to another revolutionary poet.
Nikolai Nekrasov met Selina Lefren by chance, as his sister lived with her in an apartment. The poet also stayed in this apartment for the summer. There was a small romance between young people.
At the age of 48, he met Fekla Viktorova, who later became his wife. At the time of their acquaintance, Fekla was only twenty-three years old, and she was from a simple village family. Nekrasov was engaged in her education, and over time, the girl changed her name and began to call herself Zinaida Nikolaevna.
last years of life
In their last days and for years the publicist and poet worked a lot. In 1875, he fell ill and, during a medical examination, it turned out that he had cancer, which could not be cured.
After that, Nikolai Alekseevich was confined to bed rest for two years. When in the literary environment he learned about the serious illness of the writer, interest in him increased and his works began to enjoy success, fame and popularity. Many colleagues tried to support him with a kind word, he received letters and telegrams from all over Russia.
The poet died at the end of 1877 according to the old style. About eight o'clock, on the evening of December 27th. At his funeral came a large number of of people. Everyone who could attend the funeral wished to pay tribute to the great writer and poet.
The work of the classic, appreciated even during his lifetime, remains an invaluable gift after almost 140 years, and some works amaze with their relevance, modernity and significance.
Nikolai Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet, writer and publicist. His works have become classics of Russian literature. He was one of the first poets who began to pay great attention to peasant life.
After studying at the gymnasium for 5 years, he graduated from it in 1837, the year he died tragically. Since the father wanted to make a military man out of his son, in 1838 he got him a job at the Konstantinovsky Artillery School, located in.
However, the future writer was not very interested in military affairs, as a result of which he decided to enter St. Petersburg University.
This decision made my father furious. He threatened his son to stop financial support if he went to university.
Interestingly, this did not frighten Nekrasov at all, as a result of which he began to actively prepare for the exams. But he failed to pass them, so he became a volunteer at the Faculty of Philology.
Difficult years
Due to the fact that the father stopped sending money to his son, Nikolai was in dire need. He often went hungry, and often he simply had nowhere to sleep. For a while he lived on the street, dragging out a miserable existence.
One day a beggar passing by took pity on him and took him to one of the slums where he could at least have a roof over his head.
These years will become the most difficult in Nekrasov's biography, although they tempered his youthful years.
Literary activity
A few years later, Nekrasov managed to adapt to the conditions in which he lived. Soon he began to write short articles and published in various publications. In addition, he periodically gave lessons, thanks to which he had additional income.
Nikolai Alekseevich plunged headlong into literature, reading the works of Russian and foreign authors. After that, he began to hone his skills in writing poems and vaudeville, as well as diligently work on prose.
As a result, he earned the amount of money needed to publish his first collection of poems, Dreams and Sounds (1840).
An interesting fact is that Nekrasov was very upset by criticism of his works, since by nature he was a very emotional person.
Something similar was done before him, who bought and burned the "Hanz Kühelgarten".
However, despite the criticism, Nikolai Nekrasov did not give up, but rather continued to work on himself. Soon he began to collaborate with the well-known St. Petersburg publication Otechestvennye Zapiski.
Every year his work got better, and pretty soon a warm and friendly relationship developed between Nekrasov and Belinsky.
During this period, Nekrasov's biography, his works begin to be actively published and receive positive reviews from critics, including Belinsky himself.
In his financial situation, the writer also did not experience any difficulties. In 1846, together with like-minded people, he acquired the Sovremennik magazine, in which many writers later began to publish:, etc.
Due to the fact that the publication was under tsarist censorship, most of the works were of an adventure nature, but this in no way affected the popularity of the magazine.
In the mid-1950s, a serious trouble occurred in Nekrasov's biography. He falls ill with a sore throat, as a result of which he has to go to Italy for treatment.
After staying there for some time, he recovered and returned to his homeland. In the meantime, his works began to be considered among the best, and Dobrolyubov turned out to be among his true friends and assistants.
In 1866, Sovremennik was closed, as a result of which Nekrasov had to look for new ways to continue his activities.
Soon he rented the publication "Domestic Notes", in which he began to successfully publish his own works, as well as collaborate with other writers.
The most famous work in Nekrasov's biography is the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", which was completed in 1876.
It told about the journey of 7 ordinary men looking for a happy person.
After it, many poems come out from the poet's pen, which have positive reviews, both from critics and from the ordinary reader.
Love in the life of a poet
In the biography of Nekrasov there were 3 women who differed from each other both in character and in social status.
The first love was Avdotya Panaeva, whom Nekrasov first saw in 1842. Soon they began a stormy romance, as a result of which they began to live together.
And although they were not officially scheduled, they managed to live together for more than 15 years. Avdotya was a literate and beautiful woman.
An interesting fact is that Fyodor Dostoevsky was in love with her, who, however, could not achieve reciprocity.
The next Nekrasov girl was the Frenchwoman Selina Lefren, who was distinguished by her easy character and simplicity.
Their close relationship developed over several years, but it never came to marriage.
The third and last woman in Nekrasov's biography was Fekla Viktorova.
All her life she lived in the village, and was a very simple and good-natured person.
Despite the fact that she had a meager education, Nikolai Alekseevich fell in love with her unconsciously.
The couple got married six months before the death of the poet, having failed to fully enjoy their married life.
Death
In 1875, Nekrasov was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. The disease caused a lot of suffering, which did not allow him to fully engage in writing.
However, after he began to receive letters from devoted readers, he perked up and took up his pen again.
Sick Nekrasov continues to work in bed AT last years In his lifetime, he managed to write a satirical poem "Contemporaries", as well as to compose a number of poems "Last Songs".
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov died on December 27, 1877 at the age of 56. Despite the severe December frosts, thousands of people came to say goodbye to the Russian poet.
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