Cesspool: sanitary and building codes and regulations

For the arrangement of sewage in a summer cottage or urban area, it is necessary to follow not only construction, but also legislative standards. Cesspool: the norms and rules for its arrangement are observed especially carefully. Violation of sanitary and construction requirements entails administrative, and in some cases, criminal liability.

One of the main laws on which most of the norms and requirements of SanPin are based is Federal Law No. 52-FZ (“On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population” dated March 30, 1999).

Strictly SanPin regulates the volume of cesspools. The design of the drain tank depends on the average daily amount of effluents. Structurally, the pits are:

AT SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 sanitary standards are indicated to ensure the well-being of the population. They say that if the total volume of wastewater does not exceed 1 cubic meter per day, then it is permissible to equip an open pit. If there are more drains, then a filtering or sealed bottom is necessarily equipped. It should be noted that in open pits a complete lack of protection is also not allowed.

The SanPin norms describe in sufficient detail the requirements for the protection of groundwater. These requirements are filed in Resolution SP 2.1.5.1059-01 of 2001. Particular attention is paid to the design of the lower part of the waste pit. Sanitary organizations require the arrangement of the filter bottom, which consists of:

1. sand cushion;
2. crushed stone pillows;
3. A stone layer in which building materials of various fractions are used.

It is emphasized that if more than 4 adults live in the house and household appliances connected to the sewer are installed, then it is necessary to construct a multi-chamber pit or septic tank. These are reservoirs with a higher degree of protection against contamination of the environment with sewage toxins.

The rules and norms for arranging a cesspool in Ukraine are somewhat different from Russian ones. According to Ukrainian legislation, a cesspool can be made exclusively of a closed type from a durable, water-pressure material. In any other case, you will not be able to legalize it and are subject to fines, up to a court order to remove the tank from the site.

Location selection

Sanitary organizations strictly monitor the distance from the cesspool to the facade of residential and non-residential premises, as well as wells and other reservoirs on the site. Special norms have been developed that specify standard requirements. They are spelled out in the Sanitary Rules for the maintenance of populated areas No. 42-128-4690-88 and SNiP 30-02-97:

1. The minimum allowable distance from the facade of a residential building is 15 meters. Please note that if the basement exceeds the area of ​​the building, then the countdown is from the basement wall;
2. From non-residential premises and buildings located on another site, 10 meters or more should be maintained (if possible). If these norms are not met, then the owner of the neighboring plot has the right to sue. Penalties are provided as punishment;
3. If there is a well or well on the site, then a distance of 20 meters is maintained from them. Here the norms diverge, because the footage depends on the level of groundwater. The higher it is, the greater the distance. If the area is swampy, then a cesspool is not allowed to equip. At the same time, on the sand, the minimum allowable distance is 50 meters. This is due to the high throughput of sand;
4. From the road, the fence should be at least 1 meter.

Regardless of the distance, before starting the preparation of the pit, its depth is calculated. The lower boundary of the pit should be 50% below the drinking groundwater level. This information can be obtained from the local geological organization.

Here:

• 1 - the top layer of soil (chernozem);
• 2 - crushed stone backfill of the pit for compaction;
• 3 - drains;
• 4 - crushed stone pillow at the bottom of the pit.

good neighborliness

This concept characterizes the legal relations between neighbors. According to legislative acts, the owner of the site can organize any buildings on his land. But, at the same time, he must take into account the safety of those around him.

An incorrectly chosen location of the cesspool can bring a lot of inconvenience to both its owners and its neighbors. Of the most common problems:

1. Foundation destruction. The waste tank not only infects the soil and water, but also increases the level of soil moisture. In this case, the foundation begins to collapse over the entire area. This is fraught with cracks in the walls, deformation of the structure and even its destruction;
2. Bad smell. Many believe that it is necessary to maintain a distance of only 20 meters from the facade of their house, but not from the neighbor's. Naturally, a stench will come from the reservoir, which, first of all, will interfere with those who live closer to it. The smell not only interferes with a normal life, but also harms health;
3. Contamination of the land and decrease in its productivity. Not only buildings suffer, but also garden plantings. Many fruit trees, ornamental plants and vegetable crops die from changes in the chemical composition of the soil. This entails a certain liability for the owner of the cesspool.

All the requirements and norms described above are mandatory for both private homeowners and individual entrepreneurs, as well as legal entities.

SanPin: cesspool operation

The pit latrine code also specifies standards for effluent management. Regardless of the type of garbage drain, it must be cleaned 2 times a year with sterilizing mixtures. This is done after the sewage cleaning, so that it is possible for some to completely neutralize the action of pathogenic bacteria.

For sterilization, a special acid-based chemical solution, gentle compounds or home-made mixtures are used. It is strictly forbidden to use pure lime chloride. When mixed with water or other chemicals, it releases a hazardous gas. It is odorless, but can cause severe poisoning and burns of the upper respiratory tract.

For home self-service, a mixture is used, which includes:

1. Bleaching powder;
2. Creolin;
3. Naphtalizol and some other compounds.

Cleaning is carried out every two weeks, and the cesspool is inspected every season. The pit can be cleaned independently, using a cesspool machine, or cleaned with bioactivators.