Engineering support of a country house cannot do without a system for removing wastewater and household waste. For this, drainage and sewer networks are used. The tasks of such systems are slightly different, so the choice of a particular technology should be approached on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the needs of a particular farm. If the task is to maximize the autonomy of the system, then the optimal solution would be a biological wastewater treatment plant, which is also the most expensive and complex in the device, but it facilitates communication maintenance at home.
Cleaning system components
The basis of the complex is formed by a reservoir in which wastewater accumulates. Actually, he is a septic tank that implements biological and filtration processes. This can be a metal, concrete or plastic container, to which the effluent direction circuits are connected. The waste supply network is also a mandatory part of the system. It is a line of pipelines connected directly to the points of intake of sewage or other waste. Pipes are usually made of plastic and laid like drainage systems. That is, the contour passes underground with mounds of sand and gravel. At the same time, the station for the biological treatment of domestic wastewater provides for connection to the channels for the discharge of wastewater. For comparison, the simplest septic tanks without deep cleaning act only as temporary settling tanks, which are periodically emptied by sewers. But the multi-level treatment stations are good because they do not require maintenance by special services and at the output they provide completely safe water that can be sent directly to the soil.
Principle of operation
The work of the entire complex begins with the points of collection of sewage or household waste. These can be storm trays, gutters, domestic sewer pipes, etc. From them, as already mentioned, the drains enter the septic tank through the pipeline. Next, the main process of processing the incoming material is performed. The tank itself contains the so-called bioreactors - these are substances and bacteria that contribute to the biochemical destruction of unwanted microorganisms. In this case, the specific treatment method depends on the type of biological wastewater treatment plant. The principle of operation of aeration models, for example, is based on a finely bubbled air supply. In this case, wastewater oxidation processes occur, as a result of which the liquid acquires environmentally acceptable characteristics.
After passing through the main biological stage, it is filtered from mechanical impurities and sent to the sump chamber. Depending on the technology, the liquid may be kept in this compartment for some time, or immediately sent to the central sewer or to the local drainage area. It is also worth noting that the particles trapped by the filters enter a separate chamber. This material can later be used as compost or fertilizer.
Station "Sparta"
Under the Sparta brand, a temporary treatment station is presented on the domestic market. This means that the tank can be operated not all year round, but seasonally. For example, if you plan to live in the country only in the summer, then this option will be the best. By the way, ordinary stations do not provide for such an opportunity, since a long stay without the flow of effluents requires special equipment conservation. The Sparta biological wastewater treatment plant is distinguished by its unique soundproofing system. The design is completely sealed, so the recycling process will not be heard in the neighboring house. The body is provided with lugs, as well as stiffeners - external and internal. This design solution eliminates the need for pre-installation of a concrete cup for the tank.
Model "Tank"
In this case, a septic tank is considered, made of high-strength plastic with a thickness of 15 cm. According to the manufacturer, the design can last about 50 years, subject to proper compliance with operating rules. The septic tank carries out multi-stage cleaning with decomposition and settling processes. In addition, the possibility of uniform distribution of already treated effluents over the ground area is also provided. For this, an infiltrator is designed that connects the channels of the septic tank and the soil. This biological wastewater treatment plant also does not require pre-concreting of the platform for installation. The shape of the tank allows installation without special fasteners.
Model "Topaz"
This is one of the most famous lines of septic tanks in Russia. To service private households, it is recommended to purchase modifications with electrical supply. On the one hand, this makes the station dependent, and on the other hand, it makes it possible to carry out cleaning processes until the effluents are completely ready for discharge into the ground with high productivity. As for the treatment itself, the Topaz biological wastewater treatment plant implements three main technological stages: the exclusion of mechanical substances, decomposition and lowering the level of mineralization. According to the purification, it produces 98 percent water treatment, which can later be used for irrigation.
Model "Triton-T"
This station also has several processing chambers that implement initial filtration from mechanical suspensions and deep cleaning through active biological components. The family is presented in several modifications with a volume from 2 to 40 m 3. Moreover, each complex can be used in different modes of operation. Both permanent processing of incoming wastewater and seasonal processing are envisaged. It is important to note that the technology of the Triton-T biological wastewater treatment plant is based on the anaerobic process of microbiological decomposition. Therefore, the sediment formed in the processing waste collection chamber is also subjected to waterproofing, which increases its environmental quality. Purified water can be released either to a specially prepared absorbent zone, or sent to the sewer line.
Model "Astra"
This septic tank is manufactured by Unilos, offering a combination of mechanical and biological treatment. The features of the installation include the possibility of supplementing with auxiliary functional components. At the stage of purchasing equipment, the user can either order a ready-made complex assembly, or purchase a system made with an individual set of working elements. Also, the biological wastewater treatment plant of the Astra model provides for the possibility of automated control. This approach to the organization of the workflow allows you to save energy and optimize processing specifically for specific conditions, taking into account the volume of wastewater, seasonality and external operating conditions.
How to choose the optimal model?
It is advisable to make a choice already on the basis of the finished project of the sewer system, including the stage of cleaning with a septic tank. The design solution is developed based on the average daily volume of wastewater, the number of residents, the characteristics of the soil cover and other indicators of the proposed workflow. In terms of processing technology, it is recommended to immediately turn to deep biological wastewater treatment plants that implement a full filtration cycle. Such systems are not cheap, but the user can be sure of the high quality of the final material. This applies to both the liquid itself and settled waste, which can be used as agricultural fertilizer.
Conclusion
Cleaning systems using biological substances provide a lot of advantages to the owners of country houses. They eliminate the need to use the services of sewage services and provide a product useful for private households in the form of clean water and compost. On the other hand, a biological wastewater treatment plant consumes energy resources and requires more thorough maintenance compared to equipment that implements only surface filtration. And yet, the need for such systems is not always there. If the house has access to the central treatment stations, then it will be possible to confine ourselves to a station for the temporary storage of wastewater. But this applies to a greater extent to summer cottages, which are planned to be disposed of only from storm drains without household waste.
