Now designing a sewer at home is not difficult. Modern in terms of comfort and security are not inferior to comfortable apartments. Until recently, housing in such areas was not very popular. This was due to the complexity of carrying out the communications necessary for normal life.
But construction technologies are improving every year and make their own adjustments to existing standards. For example, earlier it was possible to use water in a suburban area only from. Now there is an alternative to such a source - a well or a central water supply line, the problem with wastewater disposal can also be solved.
Scheme of the external sewerage device at home
Sewerage systems of a private house
There are different types of sewerage. They differ in construction methods and functional properties: storm sewer and household.
Storm (rain) sewage is a waste system for excess water from the roof or other ledges, paths, platforms. Domestic sewage is intended for the collection and removal of the end products of human life. It is divided into internal and external.
Scheme of equipment and devices for storm sewers in a private house External sewerage is responsible for the disposal of wastewater to the purification systems installed in the suburban area. It is required to correctly design the external sewage system, since the bulk of wastewater will flow into it from the inside. Cleaning systems on the site can be drain pits, septic tanks of various sizes.
External sewerage consists of:
- filters;
- cleaning devices;
- pipeline;
- pump;
- release.
The task of storm sewers is to collect wastewater from the roof into one stream, and then direct it to a collector well, from which water enters the ground or is discharged outside the suburban area. To do this, you need to connect all the trays, gutters and pipes that will collect water from the roof of the house. And then, thanks to a slight slope, the water will flow down these structures and accumulate in the direction we need.
Storm drain gutters can be made open at the top Removal of rainwater from the site
It will be better if the storm water drain is installed separately from the domestic sewer. If such systems are connected, then it will be necessary to think about choosing a large wastewater collection tank. Storm water runoff can be used for irrigation, and if storm and domestic sewers are connected, then this will not work.
Installation of a storm sewer system is not particularly difficult. The most important thing is to make the right slope of the sewer pipes. For the organization of sewerage, corrugated pipes of large diameter are most often used. They are able to cope with a large amount of water and carry out its removal in time.
After that, it will be necessary to install a storm water inlet where storm water is collected from the entire site. From it, all effluents will be discharged into the collector, which, if necessary, cleans.
Storm sewer installation The storm sewer pipe must be equipped with a special funnel on top, which allows you to collect and direct water into the pipe. Such a funnel is covered with a mesh filter so that leaves or other debris do not get into it.
Once all the elements of the storm sewer are installed, the system can be put into operation - conduct a test run. To do this, a certain amount of water is poured into one of the installed funnels. By the way it will pass through the pipes, it will be possible to determine the places of leaks or poor-quality connections.
Designing a sewer that acts as a drainage system during bad weather, consisting of a drain and a gutter, is very simple. Storm sewers will ensure the drainage of water during heavy rains or bad weather from large areas.
The simplest storm sewer in a country house Types of sewerage of a private house
The design of internal sewerage will allow the collection of wastewater inside the building. The main elements of such a system will be all plumbing equipment that is used in the house.
Depending on how exactly the wastewater will move on the site, the external sewage system can be gravity-flowing, where the discharge of wastewater is provided by the difference in the slopes of the pipes. What is storm water, what is domestic sewage are often combined into one network. All this is very convenient, but it is used only under one condition - the drain pit or septic tank must be of sufficient size.
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Chimney in a private house
There are several types of sewerage in the house: a drain pit, filter wells, septic tanks. The simplest and most convenient way to organize sewage in a country house is considered to be an ordinary drain pit. It has been known to people since ancient times. Its main advantage is that it is inexpensive and very easy to install. But she has a flaw.
A rather unpleasant smell emanates from the pit in the warm season, and it often crosses out the advantages of this type of sewerage. If a special tank is placed in the pit to collect wastewater, then you can forget about this smell. But the cost of maintaining the drain pit will increase, as it will need to be cleaned regularly with the help of a sewer machine. And this will require the construction and construction of a special section through which the car can drive up and clean the pit from fecal waste, including in conditions when it often and constantly rains outside.
Filtering wells can also be used at their summer cottage. Such a system consists of reinforced concrete rings that are stacked on top of each other and fixed to each other. The bottom of such a well remains open and is only covered with a layer of sand and rubble. This allows you to organize a natural filtration of wastewater. Such cleaning systems work very well on sandy soils.
As a rule, filter wells take much longer to fill than drain pits or other septic tanks. But everything will depend on the volume of the well itself.
Today, in private homes, most often you can find septic tanks. Wastewater treatment in such a system takes place in several stages. Septic tanks are environmentally friendly, and it is enough to clean them once a year. Such a system has one, but a significant drawback. It takes up a lot of space on the site itself.
Typical design and laying of sewerage using a septic tank in a private house How to choose the right type of sewer? Everything will depend on the soil on the site and on the daily needs for water consumption of each tenant of a private house. It is also worth considering the depth of groundwater and the area under the organization of sewage.
Preparation of documentation
Before proceeding with the construction of a sewerage system in a private house, you need to carefully consider the entire system.
The route along which the sewer pipes will pass is applied to the plan of the house. You also indicate the material from which the pipes and the elements of their fasteners and mounts in the house will be. Only after that you can make a full calculation of the materials that will be required to install the sewer system in the house.
Advice. It is best to design sewers at the stage of building a country house. All this will make it possible to more compactly arrange all pipes for wastewater disposal and plan the treatment facilities in advance.
In this video – a project of the simplest sewage system that you can do yourself
Important details to consider during construction
Disposal of water used in everyday life
For a comfortable stay in an apartment or a country house, you must have several bathrooms, for example, on each floor. As a rule, the installation of a sewerage system is not a very complicated process.
The construction of domestic sewerage begins with digging a pit for draining sewage. In order to determine its dimensions, you need to choose the type of sewer system. If you opt for a drain pit, then you must follow some rules: the bottom of the pit is covered with sand and gravel. It is possible not to use such material, only over time the drain pit will have to be filled up, since it can no longer be cleaned. If you use a septic tank, then its neck should be on the surface of the earth for ease of maintenance.
Scheme of installation of domestic sewage in a private house After that, all the plumbing equipment existing in the house is connected: sinks, toilets, household appliances, and so on.
Advice. For domestic sewage, plastic pipes are best suited. It will be more efficient to perform an external system from cast-iron or asbestos pipes.
When installing the sewer, do not forget about the slope of the pipes. It should be such that wastewater flows into the drain pit without any problems. As a rule, such an inclination is up to 30-40 degrees.
