Local sewerage - what is it, how to do it yourself

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Many people now have their own suburban area. One of the first problems when living on it is the lack of various amenities, such as sewage or running water. However, this problem is easily solved if you equip a local sewer on the site. What is a local sewage treatment system will be discussed in this article.

In general, many people have a question: local sewerage, what is it? To understand, you need to understand how this design works. Any sewer system includes several mandatory elements:

internal sewerage;
external sewerage;
device for storage and treatment of wastewater;
waste disposal system.

For the proper operation of an autonomous sewage system, all these elements are important, and their design must be carried out in accordance with existing rules. Each part of the design must be considered separately in order to understand the principle of operation of the entire system.

Internal local sewerage

In the internal sewerage there are no features that distinguish this part of the system from any others, therefore, the same requirements are imposed on it:

the slope of the pipelines must reach a certain value: when using 50 mm pipes, the slope cannot be less than 3 cm per 1 m, and when using 110 mm pipes - at least 2 cm per 1 meter;
corners, turns and bends of the pipe should be minimal, and if necessary to create a turn, it is better to use several bends with a small bend angle;
each element must be securely fixed in its place;
the system must be connected to a vent pipe to ensure ventilation;
all plumbing must be equipped with water seals;
when the pipeline passes through areas exposed to low temperatures, it is necessary to ensure high-quality insulation of the structure;
pipeline turns and points where plumbing fixtures are installed must be equipped with revisions.

Fulfillment of these requirements will allow creating the highest quality system operating within the building.

External sewerage - what is it

The arrangement of external sewerage is also carried out in accordance with the basic requirements:

sewer pipes should be laid at a depth exceeding the freezing depth of the soil so that they do not have to be additionally insulated;
when using pipes with a high diameter (from 150 mm), it is necessary to ensure a slope of 8 mm per 1 m of the structure;
to ensure the rotation of the system, it is necessary to use rotary wells, and inspection wells are used to control the operation of the system (read also: "");
pipe laying should be carried out on a compacted layer of sand, and pipe sockets should be directed towards drains;
if the pipes are laid at great depths, then it makes sense to use special trays that protect the structure from damage.

Storage and treatment facilities

Local sewer systems require storage for wastewater, otherwise the meaning of the design is lost.

A variety of devices can act as such storages:

drain hole. This option, which has been used for a very long time, is ideal for use in summer cottages visited in the summer and not very often. The advantages of drain pits include low cost and simplicity of design: such a local do-it-yourself sewage system is made very quickly. There are also disadvantages, and the main one is the need for regular pumping. However, the use of biological products will reduce the frequency of cleaning. See also: "".
Eurocube septic tank. This option is quite simple and at the same time has some advantages compared to classic cesspools. For example, these devices are airtight, they can be mounted at any level of groundwater, and they do not need to be processed. Such a local sewage system in a private house, the device of which implies the presence of several eurocubes connected by an overflow pipeline, works very well.
concrete septic tank. This design is a fairly popular option, despite some difficulties that arise during installation. For the normal operation of a concrete septic tank, several compartments are used: in the first, primary treatment takes place, and in the second, a better processing of wastewater is carried out. After processing, purified water can be discharged through a drainage well or filtration field. To equip a concrete septic tank, you can use reinforced concrete rings or fill with mortar. The second option requires high-quality formwork installation, but for the implementation of the first one, all cracks and joints will have to be sealed. As a rule, such a local sewage system for a country house is made by hand.

There is another type of cleaning structures, which is becoming increasingly popular due to simplified installation. We are talking about a one-piece septic tank, in which several cameras and an overflow system were initially built in. The principle of operation of a septic tank can be found in a separate article.

Such structures can be made of metal, fiberglass or plastic, and the installation process is extremely simple: just dig a hole, provide support for the structure at its bottom, and after installing it, simply connect all the necessary pipelines. When installing a septic tank, care must be taken to securely fasten it so that the soil does not squeeze the system to the surface.

If financial opportunities allow, it is possible to install an entire biological treatment plant on the site, but this design is more complicated and expensive, so it will be much more profitable to use the systems described above in ordinary sites.

Conclusion

There are different local sewerage systems, and there is a demand for each of them. Before arranging the sewer, you need to answer the question: what is local sewage, how does it work, and what kind of sewer is best suited for a particular situation. The right choice and high-quality installation will lead to the fact that the local sewer system will work in good faith and delight its owners for many years.