Local sewerage, using the discharge of clarified effluents into the ground, must use a well, a filtration field downstream from the water intake. In this case, the discharge should be carried out above the aquifer for post-treatment with soil. The septic tank is removed 15 m from the well / well, the pipelines can intersect at different levels in accordance with the norms of SNiP.
For dachas, septic tanks are more often chosen as a treatment plant, for townhouses, cottages, aeration tanks, which are more efficient. This allows you to use the water purified in it, on the farm, activated sludge as a fertilizer. It is forbidden to use clarified drains after a septic tank, sludge is dangerous because it contains infectious agents.
The purpose of the drainage system is to transport black, gray wastewater for treatment, discharge into the ground for post-treatment with soil. Local sewerage will not cope with the task with high GWL, clay soil, therefore, you will have to use ground-based cassette filters, collect water in a tank, and increase the number of calls for sewers to pump out. In the presence of sandy loam, sand, the treated effluents are discharged into the soil without problems, pumping out the septic tank chambers will be required in a year.
Anaerobic bacteria in the second chamber of the septic tank decompose organic matter with the release of heat, gases, which must be removed through the exhaust pipe inside the house. aerobic bacteria in the aeration tank do not emit gases, they do not emit odors, the cleaning here is more complete, the effluents are cleaner. The combination of two methods of treatment in VOC provides maximum efficiency 98%, however, the method is volatile. The aerobic bacteria in the local sewer need air pumped by a compressor. In the absence of power supply, the treatment plant automatically switches to the anaerobic filtration mode.
Before overflowing into the second chamber, the wastewater must be settled, for which the largest chamber of the treatment plant is used. In it, the liquid loses large debris, inorganic impurities, which are subsequently removed by sewers. The process lasts three days, this is due to the choice of a septic tank with a volume three times the daily water consumption. With a decrease in the volume of the chamber, efficiency is lost, the site becomes infected.
Aerotanks are polluted by an order of magnitude less, since aerobic bacteria process all organic matter. They are pumped out every three years, and the user most often does it on his own, composting activated sludge for fertilizers.
Country local sewerage is an alternative to a centralized system, provides comfortable use of plumbing fixtures. It is designed depending on water consumption, takes into account the characteristics of the site, the norms of SNiP. Plastic pipes are much lighter, stronger than other analogues, have increased smoothness, resistance to aggressive environments. Fast easy installation saves time and money.
Local sewerage device
Water disposal includes lines connected by fittings made of polypropylene, PVC, HDPE.
Country local sewerage consists of:
- internal system- a vertical riser Ø110 mm with crosses on each floor for connecting horizontal pipes Ø50 mm with tees at the connection points of corrugated pipe siphons from each plumbing fixture, inspection hatches, a vent pipe that continues the riser to a height exceeding the roof level by 1.5 - 0, 7 m, or by vacuum valve, horizontal outlet to the street
- outdoor system- pipeline from the house to the treatment plant, septic tank (aerotank, VOC), a pipeline from it to the point of discharge of treated effluents, a filtration well without a bottom with a perforated lower belt, a natural filter made of crushed stone, granite, or an infiltration field made of perforated corrugation in the form of parallel rows at a depth of 1 - 0.7 m
- storm drains- gutters that collect water from the roof, diverting it through vertical pipes to storm water inlets with sand filters, an underground pipeline from a corrugated pipe, diverting runoff into a reservoir (collector), a system of trays with gratings at ground level along the perimeter of the site, parking lots for cars, recreation areas, dwellings, buildings on the site, paths
- drainage– corrugation with perforation for taking excess soil water, transporting it to a separate underground tank for reuse, discharge into the soil
Thus, suburban local sewerage is a complex drainage system for a comfortable stay for the owner of a townhouse, cottage.
Secrets of suburban local sewerage
To ensure a long overhaul period, increase the resource of the system, experts advise:
- do not combine different materials (PVC, PP, HDPE) within the same line
- follow SNiP norms in order to avoid infection of the site, underflooding of the foundation, increasing its resource
- use inspection, corner wells in critical places
- use a sand cushion along the bottom of the pit, trenches
- ensure tightness of joints
Out-of-town local sewerage made of polyethylene pipes is more often used in outdoor systems, as it is not suitable for transporting boiling water. uPVC pipes they are afraid of frost, therefore, they are most appropriate inside the house, polypropylene is often used both there and there. Manufacturers produce socket pipes, fittings made of PP, PVC-U, which provide quick assembly by one person without the use of lifting devices, electric, hand tools. For polyethylene products, joint welding methods and compression sleeves are used.
Country local sewerage should be higher UGV per meter, the recommended depth is from two to a meter. Effluent clarified in biological treatment plants can be reused, which saves on water supply. Activated sludge from aeration tanks is a fertilizer (after preliminary composting in pits). Interruptions in power supply translate VOCs into septic tank mode, biological treatment plants are not afraid of intermittent operation.
- observance of a slope for gravity transportation of wastewater
- insulation of PVC pipes, stormwater tanks, drainage
- use of pressure pumps when installing plumbing in the basement
- installation of wells in risk areas of highways for effective cleaning
- use of preventive high pressure flushing to avoid blockages
- providing ventilation of the septic tank, filtration fields
Local sewerage should be assembled from the same pipes, different materials are guaranteed to reduce the resource of the system, reduce the maintainability of drainage. A septic tank is an economical option, VOC installation will allow water to be reused, however, it will require an increase in initial costs. The creation of a sand cushion encircling the pipeline will ensure that the slope is maintained when exposed to heaving forces. Natural filters (granite chips, crushed stone, shungite) will increase the filtration efficiency.
