The drilling of the well has been completed. For high-quality water supply, it is necessary to solve the issue of delivering water to the house.
The "heart" of the plumbing system is the pump. The intensity of the pressure, the quality of the water entering the house and the proper operation of the entire water supply system depend on the solution of the question of which borehole pump to choose.
The article deals with questions about the types of units, their installation by one's own hands.
What are the parameters for choosing a pump for a well
There are basic technical characteristics that must be taken into account when choosing a unit, but you need to focus on the data of the well passport.
These include:
- Operating optimum voltage.
- Design features.
- Pressure value.
- Immersion depth.
- Height difference.
- Static and .
- Filtration size.
- Performance.
Tip: Before obtaining a passport for a well, it is not recommended to purchase any model. This is due to the fact that the efficiency of the operation of the unit is associated with all parameters of the well.
When choosing a pump, pay attention to:
- Distance between filter and water surface. It must be at least one meter, otherwise there may be risks of sanding the well.
- The power and frequency of switching on depend on the total water flow and the rate of recovery of its level in the well after the intake.
- With a large excess of the amount of water pumped out by the unit, which enters the well from aquifers underground, it is possible for some period of its complete absence.
Tip: Before choosing a pump for a well, you need to take into account all the needs: plumbing, watering the site, building a pool.
- The amount of water consumption is affected by the number of people living in the house and the time of year. For example, in the summer, its consumption increases, and underground filtration occurs slowly.
Types of pumps for wells
All models are divided into:
- . Devices are partially or completely immersed in water.
- Surface. They are used when the water level is not lower than 9 meters. Their installation can be carried out on the ground and a floating platform, but a prerequisite is that water does not get inside the engine.
Tip: You should always choose a device with a power reserve, which will allow you to upgrade the water supply system at any time without replacing the pump.
The principle of operation and installation rules for surface pumps
The operation of the well pump is as follows:
- A pump is mounted on the rotating shaft of the electric motor, on which there are holes for supplying and taking water.
- The intake is carried out by a sleeve or hose with a check valve. The element must be of good quality, otherwise depressurization of the unit may lead to the fact that the engine will not start.
Tip: You need to make sure that after stopping the pump, the pump is not left without water, which will lead the device to idle and may break it. You can turn it on only after filling the pump with water.
- To increase the depth of water intake over 9 meters, you can use an external ejector, which is lowered under water along with a hose. In this case, when the pump is running, part of the water falls into the ejector, the pressure in the hose rises, which increases the pressure. But the strong noise generated by the installation does not allow using this option all the time.
- Installing a surface pump is very easy. The unit is placed near the well, a hose is lowered into the water, the device is connected to the network.
- It is better to install the pump in a heated room or in an insulated container.
Types of submersible pumps for wells
Manufacturers produce three types of submersible equipment:
- Centrifugal. These are the most expensive devices. Designed to lift water from a depth of more than 100 meters.
In its composition, sand can exceed 180 g / m. A feature of the units is greater power and increased productivity. - Vortex. With their help, water with an impurity content of up to 40 g / m3 can be pumped, and the depth of the wells is from 30 to 100 meters.
- Screw. The price of such devices is the smallest. They serve to organize water supply from wells, the depth of which is up to 15 meters or open reservoirs. The maximum presence of abrasive particles is 40 g/m.
Tip: Before purchasing a pump, you need to conduct a laboratory analysis of water to determine the composition and concentration of impurities. The use of vibration devices in wells can lead to rapid wear of the structure.
For wells, they are used with high power.
The optimal dimensions of such devices allow them to be installed in narrow wells. The length of the elongated pump cylinder is from 50 centimeters to 2.5 meters, and the outer diameter is about 10 centimeters.
If the question arises which pump to choose for a well of 15 meters, then a deep pump is the best solution. It is well suited for shaft wells, deep sand or artesian wells, process tanks.
They are made using high quality stainless steel.
Centrifugal pumps for wells
The features of the unit are:
- The design of the device includes an engine shaft on which a wheel is located, consisting of two plates connected by blades.
- The centrifugal force of the pump captures the water with the blades, and then throws it into the supply pipe. - the most common type of equipment for wells. This is the most versatile mechanism.
- Their main purpose is to pump clean water. This indicates that there should not be even a small amount of sand in the water.
- The cost of centrifugal pumps depends on the number of stages and some design features.
- For domestic needs, single-stage pumps are most often used, however, if more water pressure is needed, multi-stage pumps should be chosen, where there are several operating wheels on one shaft.
How does the type of pump depend on the depth of the well
The type of pump is selected from the depth of the well.
Therefore, when choosing a pump, consider:
- Depth of aquifers.
- If there is already a well on the site, but its depth and the location of the water level are not exactly known, then you can decide which submersible to choose after measuring it.
This is done as follows: a small load is lowered into the well on a dry rope, after which the distance to the water level is determined by the wet mark.
The rope with the load is lowered further into the water and the depth of the well is determined. Based on these parameters, it is necessary to choose a pump.
- These values are usually indicated in the device passport.
Tip: It should be borne in mind that different models of products can work continuously and smoothly only in a certain range.
Recommendations for choosing pumps for wells of different depths
So:
- Which pump to choose for a well of 60 meters - a powerful deep or domestic pumping station? Raising water from such a depth is not very easy, which requires the installation of at least two check valves.
To supply water from a great depth, the pump is installed directly into the drilled well. The dimensions of deep pumps are small, but they perfectly provide autonomous water supply for a private house, summer house, cottage.
With the help of special equipment, the body of deep-well pumps is lowered into the well, then it is fixed to the surface with a cable. - Which pump to choose for a well of 50 meters - the most powerful household pump or pumping station? The pump must be submersible, centrifugal type.
The surface pump will not be able to cope with the task. Well suited deep type pump.
When using a pumping station, it must include a hydraulic accumulator, a self-priming pump and a pressure switch. - If the question arises which pump to choose for a well of 30 meters, then it is better to pre-calculate the power of the device necessary to supply water from such a depth. For this, the depth of the existing well is taken in meters, 30 is added to it. This will be the height of the water column.
A margin of 10% is added to the resulting value. For example, with a well depth of 25 meters, it is necessary to purchase a pump with a head: 25 + 30 = 55. 55+10%=65. This means that the pump head should be 70 meters.
- Which pump to choose for a well 20 meters? Here the answer is unequivocal - a submersible borehole pump is indispensable, better than a centrifugal type.
Hand pump device
The photo shows the simplest type of hand pump.
This is the most reliable and easy-to-use unit for extracting water from a well. Its advantage is that in the event of a power outage, the owner of the site will not be left without water.
But such a device can be used at a well depth of not more than 8 meters, which means that it is applicable only where a surface pump is installed. No special instructions are needed to connect it.
The principle of operation of the device is as follows: the suction device is driven by a wing, to which the movement is transmitted from a hand lever. The whole system is shaft connected and protected by the pump casing.
The main advantage of such a unit, along with energy independence, is its low cost, it is several times cheaper than any electrical analogue.
Which well pump to choose, how to install it, can be seen in the video. This article offers only some options for borehole pumps and their advantages.
