Life in the country is always associated with the use of pumps. If you need to deliver water from a well or a well to a house, if you need to water a garden, pump out water from a pool, a flooded basement, or take water from an open lake, a pump comes in handy everywhere. Depending on the conditions, either surface or submersible pumps are used. This article focuses on the latter category. The submersible water pump is used to supply clean water without impurities from deep wells and wells, as well as to pump out dirty water or sewage. These pumps operate submerged in water, are capable of delivering water to great heights and differ in design depending on the tasks for which they are intended. For summer cottages, several types of submersible pumps are useful at once. Therefore, in order not to make a mistake with the choice, we will dwell in more detail on the specifics of each type of pump and the area in which it can be applied and why.
Types of submersible pumps
Submersible pumps are divided into different categories and types according to different parameters.
Conventionally, all submersible pumps can be divided into two categories: clean water pumps(without impurities) and dirty water pumps. They differ structurally. Pumps designed for pumping clean water are not capable of passing debris and dirt larger than 10 mm. In addition, the parts of the pump itself wear out quickly and fail under the destructive influence of sand and other debris. Pumps designed for pumping dirty water or even sewage can also be divided into two types: with a grinder and without a grinder. A conventional drainage pump, for example, freely passes sand, silt and other small debris. But the fecal sewage pump is equipped with a special grinder that recycles garbage.
Also, household submersible water pumps according to the principle of operation are vibrating, centrifugal, vortex and screw.
By purpose, submersible pumps are divided into:
- Well pumps;
- Well pumps;
- Drainage pumps;
- Fecal pumps;
- Pumps for aquariums, mini fountains and other small objects.
When we are looking for the right pump, we know what we need it for and what we want from it. Therefore, let's take a closer look at what each type of submersible pump is.
Submersible water pumps for wells
Water supply from a well can be carried out both by a surface pump and a submersible pump. If the well is deep, submersible pumps are used. They have an elongated shape of a cylinder of small diameter, which allows the pump to be lowered into a well with a diameter of 90 to 250 mm. Well pumps have different characteristics: immersion depth, head, power, performance, etc.
Borehole pumps are also called deep-well pumps, as they work at great depths - up to 50 m. Such units are used to provide water supply in the country, supply water to the house, bathhouse or for watering the garden plot, beds, filling the pool, containers and other needs.
Typically, well pumps are centrifugal units. The water intake hole is at the bottom. Inside the housing there are an impeller, disks with blades curved against the movement of the impeller, and an engine connected to the impeller by means of a shaft. Water is sucked into the pump by centrifugal force, which occurs as a result of the rotation of the impeller. In the middle, a reduced pressure is formed, and on the periphery (closer to the walls of the disks) - an increased one. Under the influence of the pressure difference, water is pumped from the outside to the center, and then up to the outlet leading to the pipeline.
It is necessary to operate a centrifugal submersible pump immersed in water, this is its thermal protection in case of power surges, “dry running” and other emergency situations. If this is not checked, the engine may overheat. Therefore, submersible pumps are equipped with floats, signaling that the water level has dropped to a critical level.
The range of submersible pumps for wells includes models of pumps with floating impellers, which allows pumping dirty water with a sand content of up to 180 g/m3. There are also models in which the motor housing and the entire hydraulic part are made of stainless steel. Such pumps are not afraid of sand, are resistant to the negative effects of abrasive particles and have excellent performance characteristics.
The most reliable submersible pumps for wells are units from such manufacturers: Wilo(Germany), Grundfos(Denmark), Pedrollo(Italy), ZDS(Italy). Cheaper pumps offer Aquario(Italy), Sprut(China), Aquatica(China). Sufficiently high-quality durable models can provide Aquarius(Ukraine), Water cannon(Russia) and Dnipro-M(Ukraine).
For example, a submersible centrifugal pump PEDROLLO 4SR1m/13 can be installed in a well with a diameter of more than 100 mm, it must be immersed in water at least 0.5 m. The body and hydraulics are completely made of stainless steel.
But the pumps of the Ukrainian company Aquarius have high productivity, but differ in discharge height. For example, model Aquarius BTsPE-0.5-16U is capable of pumping water only 27 m, but with a volume of 3600 l / h, the minimum well diameter is 110 mm, it costs 140 USD. And here is the model of the submersible pump Aquarius BTsPE-1,2-50U pumps water up to 70 m with a volume of 9400 l / h and costs 250 USD. At the moment, there are no complaints about the quality of Aquarius products.
for giving, they are used when it is necessary to create a large pressure with a small supply of liquid. The impeller in a vortex pump is equipped with blades in a radial and inclined position. The impeller rotates in a cylindrical housing, where there is a small gap between it and the walls of the housing. Water is sucked into the channel and thrown out through it to the outlet. Compared to centrifugal pumps, vortex pumps create pressure 3 to 7 times more, although the dimensions and speed of the impeller are the same. The design of such a pump is simpler and cheaper, but it cannot pump liquids with abrasive substances, for example, sand - it quickly fails. For example, a pump Euroaqua 4SKm 100 it will cost only 100 USD, its maximum head is 52 m, the productivity is 50 l / min, but it can only be used for pumping clean water.
They are used when the pumped water contains a large amount of impurities, large abrasive particles. For example, a Chinese pump Sprut 4S QGD 1.2-50-0.37 can be installed in a well over 100 mm, it pumps water to a height of 93 m with a volume of 33 l/min and costs only $100. The screw in this pump is made of stainless steel, the housing, pump shaft and motor shaft are also made, and the mechanical seal is made of graphite ceramic. But do not think that all Chinese pumps are so cheap. Submersible pump Sprut QGDA 1.5-120-1.1 has a capacity of 30 l / min, but is able to pump water to a height of 170 m, so it costs 270 - 300 USD.
When choosing a submersible pump for a well, it must be taken into account that the diameter of the pump must be 10 - 12 mm less than the diameter of the casing pipe, otherwise the pump may jam.
The supply of water for water supply to the dacha from the well using a submersible pump is carried out in cases where the water is deep and the surface pump is simply not able to pump it out, or the well itself is located at a great distance from the house.
Submersible well pumps must be in water at a depth of at least 1 m. Such a pump must not be operated when the water level drops, as the unit may overheat. The fact is that the engine is cooled by pumped water and the fact that the pump housing is constantly in the water.
For water supply from a well, you can use the same pumps as for wells (centrifugal, vortex and screw), as well as vibration pumps.
fundamentally different from centrifugal, they do not have rotating parts, blades and other elements that need to be lubricated and that can overheat from friction. Inside the body of the vibration pump there is a core with a winding (vibrator), which creates an electromagnetic field. As soon as an electromagnetic field has formed, it attracts the piston rod to itself. When this field disappears, the piston rod returns to its original position. In fact, these movements are vibrations, which is why the name of the pumps is vibrating. There are 100 such movements of the piston and rod in 1 second. Under the influence of the pressure difference, water is sucked into the suction chamber, and then moves to the discharge chamber and further to the pipeline.
Striking examples of vibration pumps are the units " Baby», « Brook», « Aquarius», « Summer resident" other. They are very cheap - up to $40. and quite durable and reliable. The only drawback of vibration submersible pumps is that under the action of vibrations, sand, silt and other debris rises from the bottom of the well and is sucked into the pump. Therefore, they must be positioned so that at least 1 m of water remains at the inlet to the bottom of the well.
A household submersible water pump can be installed in a well in two ways: the first is to hang it on a galvanized steel cable at a certain height (there are special ears on the pump housing for this), the second is to fix it permanently at a certain height, making a frame like a bracket for this. The second method is dangerous in that in the event of a pump breakdown, it will not be possible to get it out of the well without draining it. To drain the well, you can use an additional - drainage pump.
Also, submersible pumps for wells are equipped with a float, which signals a critical water level.
The following companies produce pumps for wells: WILO(TW5/TW5-SE series), LOWARA(series Scuba), CALPEDA(MXS series), OFT(Italy, Trend series), NOCCHI(Pratika series), "JILEX"(series "Water cannon"), EBARA(Idrogo series) and KERSELF(Italy, Omega 12 series).
Drainage pumps are used to pump out dirty water from various objects: flooded premises, basements, trenches, pits, standing wells. They are also suitable for draining a pool, large barrel or container. It is also possible to pump water from an open water source (kopanki, lakes, rivers, reservoirs). Thus, you can water the garden or garden by lowering the drainer into the nearest pond or kopanka.
The main difference between drainage pumps and conventional submersible pumps is that the category of drainage pumps is designed for pumping dirty liquid, which may include sand, silt, long-fibre inclusions and other debris. To do this, the housing and the hydraulic part of such a pump are made of durable materials resistant to deformation.
In order to choose the right drainage pump, it is necessary to analyze for what specific needs it is useful and what is the degree of contamination of the water that they will have to pump out.
- Pump with multi-channel impeller is considered the most “gentle” and can pump water with inclusions no larger than 10 mm in size. Such a pump can pump more dirty water for a very short time - it quickly fails. Such a pump can be used to pump rainwater from a tank or a flooded room, to drain a pool, to water a garden from an open source.
- Pump with single-channel impeller able to pump more dirty water with mechanical inclusions, sometimes even with fecal masses.
- Open impeller pump capable of pumping water with mechanical inclusions larger than 50 - 70 mm. It can be fallen leaves, sand, silt, household waste. With such a pump, you can safely pump out water from a trench and a pit, where there is a huge amount of clay inclusions in the water.
All submersible drainage pumps can be used both submerged and dry. For example, to completely remove water from a flooded room, the pump is placed on the floor and works until it completely dries the floor. To protect against "dry" running in such pumps there is a special thermal protection.
Drainage pumps differ in performance, head (delivery height) and the size of the particles that can pass through them. It also matters what material the pump body and parts are made of if it has to be operated in a rather aggressive environment. Pay attention to the limitation of the temperature of the pumped water.
Popular manufacturers of drainage pumps: AL-KO(series SUB, Drain, Twin, SPV (stainless steel body)), Aquatica, Grundfos, PEDROLLO, Dnipro-M, Metabo, ULTROPump, ZENIT, SPRUT other. The cheapest models can be found among the products of Dnipro-M and Aquatica - 40 - 50 USD. Prices for PEDROLLO submersible drainage pumps start from 225 - 250 USD, although experts say that these units are reliable and durable unlike Chinese products.
Fecal pumps are used for pumping or pumping waste and sewage water with a large inclusion of mechanical particles. Most often they are installed in a collection well or sewer pumping station, where they grind up garbage and pump waste into a septic tank, which is an autonomous sewer in the country.
The main difference between a submersible fecal pump and a drainage pump is the presence of a chopper, which is able to "grind" not only long-fiber fecal inclusions, but also towels, gloves, hygiene products, contraceptives and more. The grinder and the fecal pump housing are made of metals such as stainless steel or cast iron, as they must be resistant to the aggressive effects of sewage. The size of foreign inclusions practically does not matter, the main thing is that they should not be stones and other solid objects.
A fecal submersible pump in the country is an indispensable thing if an autonomous sewage system is equipped. Such a pump is lowered directly into the collection well and works in a submerged state. The pump is hung on a galvanized steel cable and equipped with floats, signaling that it is necessary to pump out effluents or stop working.
Important! Submersible fecal pumps can pump not only dirty sewage with garbage, but also clean water from a tank, pool, lake or barrel. There is some versatility in this. The main thing is that it be clean before using it in clean water.
The following companies produce fecal pumps: Aquatica, Grundfos, PEDROLLO, SPRUT, Dnipro-M, ZENIT and DOLPHIN. Models are considered the most expensive and reliable Pedrollo ZXm 1A/40, PEDROLLO MCM 10/50 and Wilo. The cheapest fecal pumps are produced by Dnipro-M (Ukraine) - 60 - 70 USD, and the most expensive HOMA and PEDROLLO- from 350 to 1000 USD
12 volt submersible water pumps
A separate category should be allocated to small submersible pumps that can be powered by car batteries, yachts or boats, as well as from a solar power plant.
A 12 Volt submersible water pump requires low voltage - 12 V and does not have high performance, but this is not required of him. Similar pumps are used as a yacht pump - to pump out water from a boat, boat or a flooded object. And also in aquariums and decorative fountains. Some models are equipped with a dirt filter, which allows you to pump water that contains a small amount of foreign matter.
For example, a submersible water pump Propump 2000GPH has a high capacity of 7570 l / h, but a small head - only 3 m, the body is made of durable thermoplastic, the motor and pump shafts are made of stainless steel, the mud filter is easy to remove and clean. Such a pump will cost only 70 - 80 USD.
Submersible pump Kerry m1280-10(China) delivers water for 10 m, has a capacity of 45 l / min and requires a direct current of 12 V. The model is designed to operate on solar panels.
At the moment, 12 volt submersible pumps are quite rare on our market, they are mainly imported from China on order.
How to choose a submersible water pump for a summer residence
As an example, let's consider how to choose a submersible pump for a well, since such pumps are not taken "for growth", they must exactly match the operating conditions in which they will have to work.
First - well debit. The performance of the pump should not exceed the debit of the well. In addition, the pump must not be allowed to work “dry”, otherwise sludge will get inside.
Second - power supply. It is necessary to provide 220 V power from the RCD board. The best option is if the pump electrical cable is long enough to reach the shield.
Third - casing diameter. The pump diameter should be 10 - 12 mm smaller than the inside diameter of the casing.
Fourth - well water level must cover the pump completely.
Fifth - well depth, static and dynamic level. Static level - the level of settled water when pumping is not performed. dynamic level- water level when pumping occurs.
So, an example of the calculation and selection of a submersible pump for a well.
Well parameters:
- Depth - 40 m.
- Casing pipe diameter (internal) - 120 mm.
- Debit - 3 m3/hour.
- Static (mirror) water level - 18 m, dynamic level - 25 m.
- The distance of the object (well) from the house is 10 m.
Determine the pump head:
- We add up all the vertical sections of the pipeline (not only the pipeline of the well, but also the height difference to the consumers in the house or the location of the accumulator). Based on the calculation that 1 m of pump head is equal to 1 m of vertical pipeline.
- We fold all the horizontal sections of the pipeline. 1 m of pump head = 5 - 10 m of horizontal pipeline. When calculating, we assume that 1 m of head = 5 m of pipe.
- A head reserve of 30 m is necessary for the operation of the accumulator.
- We install the pump at 10 m of the static level, i.e. at a depth of 28 m.
We consider: 30 + 10/5 + 28 = 60 m.
So, pump head must be at least 60 m.
We determine the performance of the pump:
We summarize the water consumption of all consumers in the house that can be operated simultaneously. The data is taken from the table. Suppose a washing machine, washbasin and bathroom will be used at the same time. 0.7 + 0.4 + 1.1 = 2.2 m3/h.
Conclusion: we need a pump with a head (delivery height) of more than 60 m, a capacity of more than 2.2 m3 / h (but less than 3 m3 / h), a casing diameter of less than 110 mm.
The following submersible pumps are suitable for us: DOLPHIN 4 SKm150 with a capacity of 2400 m3/hour, a head of 99 m, a diameter of 102 mm and a cost of 130 - 140 USD. and pump PEDROLLO 4SR1.5m/14 with a capacity of 2700 m3/hour, a head of 106 m, a diameter of 100 mm and a cost of 430 - 450 USD.
Which one to choose depends on the financial capabilities of the owner and personal preferences. The pumps of the Italian company PEDROLLO have proven themselves very well and so far have no serious complaints.
Submersible water pumps for other needs - for a well, a drainage pump and a fecal pump are easier to choose, since there are no performance restrictions and there is no risk of ruining the well. The power of the drainage and fecal pump is selected so that it can cope with the task, it will be watering the beds, pumping out the basement or sewage.
