After the rain, the garden and the garden turn into lakes? The easiest way to get rid of dirt and puddles is to make drainage at their summer cottage. Moisture that accumulates in depressions and flows down slopes, eroding the soil, is not only an aesthetic problem. Over time, a constant excess of water will lead to the depletion of the fertile layer, damage to the root system of trees, erosion of the foundation of the house and constant flooding of the basement and outbuildings.
- The site is located on a slope - in this case, it is necessary to divert all the water flowing from the neighbor's dachas.
- The relief is uneven, with depressions and rises.
- The soil is supersaturated with moisture, there is a constant high level of groundwater.
- Dense solid ground predominates, poorly absorbing water after heavy precipitation, snow melting.
Types and methods of drainage in the country
Depending on the causes of waterlogging, choose the type of arrangement of the drainage area in the country. There are two ways to drain the soil:
- Removal of surface waters.
- Deep drainage - correction of the groundwater level.
Benefits of performing full drainage
The surface method is used when flooding occurs on the site only after heavy precipitation, during the thaw season and the melting of the snow cover. There are several options for arranging wastewater disposal. If it is not planned to build a house in the country, and the land is used only for seasonal work, you can do without complex drainage systems and large investments. It is not difficult to make the simplest channels for drainage, if you take into account the basic rules: choosing the direction and depth of trenches, laying trajectories.
Flooded area after a thaw
Deep drainage of groundwater is necessary to protect buildings - if water is not diverted from the outer perimeter of the foundation, then during the season of rising groundwater levels, basement and basement premises will inevitably be flooded. Soil washed out around the house will weaken the foundation structure. In addition, on a site with swampy rocks, difficulties will arise with the arrangement of landscape structures. To drain the deep layers, the technique of closed drainage is used with the withdrawal of runoff outside the suburban area.
A site with difficult terrain and the need for a combined drainage system
To ensure complete protection of the house and the backyard, combined projects are being developed with the simultaneous installation of a deep drainage network and surface sewers connecting at water collection points.
Surface option: features of the structure
To determine which of the surface drainage methods in the country will allow you to get rid of dirt on the site, you must:
- Analyze the number of places where water accumulates after a heavy rain - it may be enough to make just a few drainage points.
- Determine the direction of natural flows so as not to make a mistake with the ditching path.
- Find a place to drain excess water. If there is no reservoir nearby, a gutter between plots, or a deep ditch, you will have to equip a drain receiver.
Surface channels in the area
Types of surface drainage systems
With your own hands, it is advisable to equip only surface country drainage of a point or linear type - these systems do not require the use of equipment, and you can plan the places for laying ditches yourself:
- Point outlet. The system of local collection of excess moisture is the installation of receivers or the arrangement of diversion ditches directly in places where fluid accumulates: in recesses, under drainpipes, in the lowest places of the site, at points of height difference. Several rainwater collection points can solve the problem if the main area is not flooded after the rain.
- Linear system. This method involves covering the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe summer cottage with a system of connected trenches for draining liquid. The linear scheme is implemented with the arrangement of a closed or open system of trenches. The advantage of this method is the uniform drainage of the soil throughout the territory.
Installation of a linear drainage system in the garden
Open system for removing moisture from the ground
The easiest and cheapest way to make drainage in a summer cottage is to equip an open system of linear surface drainage. Drainage ditches are dug at an angle to a relatively shallow depth - up to 50 - 70 cm. The width of the trenches varies: from the narrowest at the beginning of the branch, to expanding by several tens of centimeters in the direction from the beginning of the groove to the connecting line. The largest width is dug at the drain. The walls of the trenches are formed at an angle to the bottom - the angle of inclination should be up to 30 - 35 °.
To strengthen the walls use:
- Remains of building materials: slate, brick, concrete slabs.
Reinforced with slate sheets from shedding walls
- Textiles with perforation - agro- and geotextiles. Special material that does not rot. Plants grow through small holes, which by their root system are able to strengthen the soil on the walls and protect the groove from shedding.
Gutter protection with soft material
- Concrete gutters, metal mesh, stone laid on mortar.
A groove lined with river stone: this kind of gutter is easy to clean
How to make the most economical drainage in the country? Leave the channels completely open by filling them with crushed stone, gravel or a mixed gravel-sand mixture. Such a budget solution is perfect for areas where problems with soil erosion occur infrequently.
Surface drainage groove with backfill
There are many design options for open channels: ready-made trays made of plastic, metal, concrete with decorative grilles.
closed drainage network
It is much more difficult to make indoor drainage in a summer cottage without the involvement of specialists. A closed system is a network of perforated pipes laid with the obligatory observance of technology, a slope along the entire perimeter of the site.
Diagram of a closed system
To perform the work, it is necessary to accurately plan the pipe installation sites - in case of an error, the entire branch will have to be redone. Therefore, craftsmen use laser rangefinders and special equipment to calculate, to the nearest millimeter, the required depth and slope of the pipeline.
Execution of work: selection of installation direction
Before installing the perforated pipes, the dug trenches are strengthened and a bulk bed of gravel is created. Textiles must be installed under the backfill. For different parts of the system choose pipes of different diameters.
Installation of perforated pipeline
In addition to the costs of pipes and earthworks, it is necessary to calculate the number of revision tanks. Perforated pipes will have to be washed, and in order to get to the junction, wells are installed along the highway with access to the surface.
Wells are an obligatory part of a closed system
The advantage of a closed discharge system is absolute invisibility. The pipes are dug into the ground, and after the work is completed, there are no open ditches left on the surface. Closed drainage is advisable to equip during the construction of the house. In a summer cottage, which is used only for seasonal growing of vegetables, it is enough to make a simple, economical open system.
The easiest way to drain the soil in the country: do-it-yourself surface drainage
How to make drainage in a wet area? Draw a simple diagram and dig open channels connected to the drain. As a receiver of water diverted from the site, you can use:
- Roadside ditch or moat.
- An artificial or natural reservoir located below the cottage.
Conclusion of an open branch in a receiving pit
- A well with a gravel bottom, dug at the lowest point of the site.
- A plastic tank dug into the ground.
Preparation of materials and site marking
The materials and tools that are needed to make drainage in the country with your own hands are in every home:
- Shovels, pickaxes - in case you have to dig through hard rocky soil.
- Wheelbarrows and buckets for carrying and transporting the excavated clay.
- Pegs and fishing line, or tape - to mark the site.
From building materials you will need: the remains of bricks, slate; gravel of different fractions and sand. The choice of decorative materials depends only on the desire of the owner: you can buy gratings to protect the ditches from pollution or simply fill the trenches with stone in the form of paths.
Drainage channel in the form of a rocky path
How to determine the correct trajectory and location of ditches without special tools? It is enough to observe the natural direction of the streams after a heavy rain or look at the footprints on the clay in the spring. Traces left by flowing water are an ideal place for digging ditches. It is advisable to make a preliminary markup on the diagram.
Scheme for planning the laying of drainage channels
Ditching: earthwork rules
The most time-consuming stage is earthworks. With open surface drainage, the depth of the ditches should be about half a meter. Width - from 40 to 80 cm, up to 1 m - at the drain point. Before starting work, the selected trajectory is marked with pegs with a stretched fishing line.
Grooves are dug along the marking line
Dig trenches starting from the top of the site. The excavated earth is stored on one side of the ditch. It will greatly simplify cleaning after completion of work with an ordinary polyethylene construction film laid on the edge of the trench. The extracted earth can be used for leveling and backfilling beds and flower beds.
The side walls must be formed at an angle. On an inclined surface, the liquid flows down to the bottom faster, in addition, there is no erosion of the bottom due to the impact of falling streams. Ready grooves must be rammed: the bottom and walls must be even and solid.
Dig a line to the junction with the receiving tank.
Trench construction and drainage
There are 3 options for arranging ditches:
- Soft - with laying a layer of soil over the backfill.
- Gutter - a concrete gutter without a cover is laid in the prepared trench.
- Filling - carry out backfilling to the surface level.
To extend the life of the drainage system, it is necessary to strengthen the walls and equip bulk pillows to facilitate the outflow of fluid. A perforated film or a special geotextile fabric is laid in the trench. Water passes freely through the holes, partially soaking into the soil.
Channels with laid protective film
At the bottom, a layer of gravel or crushed stone of different fractions is necessarily covered: at the bottom - large, as it approaches the surface - fine fraction. Between the layers of backfill, it is advisable to install flow accelerators from improvised materials, which will perform the function of a pipe. They use cut plastic bottles without a bottom, large pieces of bricks laid with gaps, bundles of branches and brushwood up to 30 - 50 cm long.
Simple materials that can be laid in grooves instead of perforated pipes
The finished trench can be left open, or closed with a decorative grille. Mesh metal covers will protect the channel from clogging with branches, leaves. If the film is installed with an overlap, then a layer of turf with lawn grass can hide the groove from prying eyes.
Mesh-reinforced main trench
Video: country drainage
Video tutorial on how to plan and make drainage in the country with your own hands, without investing in a complex system.
You can divert a moderate amount of water from the site yourself. But if it is planned to build a country house in the country house, a simple open system is not enough to drain the wetland, it is better to contact specialists. A system with a combination of a deep and surface network is difficult to plan and arrange, and an error in calculations can lead to water remaining on the soil surface.
