It is quite easy to equip drainage around your site to remove excess moisture. It is important to choose the optimal format according to which the drainage ditch will be prepared along the fence, and to determine the required set of materials and tools.
Problems to be solved:
- In areas with heavy rainfall, soil erosion is a problem;
- With a high passage of groundwater in the area, the soil is waterlogged;
- With a natural slope of the site, all the water accumulates in the lower part and “pulls” the entire fertile soil layer with it;
- In hilly and mountainous areas, depending on the season, a huge volume of water falls on the site from the territory higher up the slope;
- Atmospheric precipitation from the road surface accumulates under the fence along the perimeter of the site and can wash away the base and supports of the fence.
In all these situations, the optimal solution is the arrangement of drainage ditches or a productive hidden drainage system around the perimeter of the site.
The main task of the drainage ditch is to collect surface precipitation and remove it from the site.
However, it is not used to transport excess water., it is rather a localized drainage field, where excess water accumulates and gradually soaks into the ground, without bringing negative consequences to the buildings and the fertile soil layer of the site.
Kinds
There are three types of drainage:
- open;
- closed, laying of perforated pipes with backfill;
- backfill, the ditch is filled with coarse gravel and filter media for quick water drainage.
To arrange drainage under the fence around the site from the outside, it is easiest to use open drainage ditches with reinforced slopes and a stable slope so that all excess water from the site and adjacent territories, including the road surface, quickly goes to the depth of groundwater or is transported to the drainage field, drainage well.
Of the main advantages:
- small volume of land works;
- minimum materials;
- an extensive selection of slope strengthening;
- an easy way to maintain, clean and prevent drainage.
Requirements. Distance from the fence
For any drainage systems focused on the improvement of a private area, SP 104-34-96 and SNiP 2.05.07-85 are standardized. Optimal slopes for organizing a drainage ditch, distances to a fence and other structures, as well as options for execution depending on the required throughput and characteristics of the drained area, such as general slope, soil type, etc., are discussed.
For a flat area or with a slight slope of up to five degrees to the horizon, the additional slope along the bottom of the ditch should be 3-5 ‰ (ppm), which corresponds to a difference in height of 3-5 cm for every 10 m.
In fact, the quality of the slope and its uniformity are determined on site during the preparation of the trench. It is difficult to ensure the shape of the trench with high accuracy, so it will be necessary to correct its geometry during the operation of the drainage.
It is important that the drainage ditch be located at a distance from the fence posts and supporting structures so as not to erode their base. It is enough to move the upper boundary from the plane of the fence by 30-50 cm, and when arranging the reinforcement of the walls, compact the soil so that the water does not wash out under the fence.
Wall reinforcement methods
The drainage ditch only partly acts as a transport system, the water entering it must be effectively absorbed into the soil along the entire length along the bottom of the ditch. It is not advisable to use concrete sections or otherwise reinforce the bottom.
It is allowed to use a rigid waterproof base only if underground communications pass under it, which should be protected from the effects of precipitation and groundwater.
Effective ways to strengthen slopes:
During the earthworks and the preparation of the foundation of the ditch, an extended pit is dug with a width of about twice as much as necessary. A pillow of coarse sand or gravel is poured along the bottom.
The slopes are compacted manually or mechanically, covered with the material chosen for reinforcement. Next, a layer of soil is poured in the same way with tamping and compaction, only of a lesser intensity.
Calculation
In order for the drainage ditch to cope with the task, several important rules must be followed:
- The depth of the ditch along its entire length must be greater than the depth of the foundation nearby buildings by 300-500 mm;
- The slope along the entire length, taking into account turns or detours along the perimeter of the site, is directed to one point or along the lower boundary of the site;
- The slope is determined by the composition of the soil and the design capacity and is in the range of 1 to 5 cm for every 10 meters of extension.
If there is a drainage well that is separated from the contour of the drainage ditch, you should take the extreme point of the drainage system that is separated from the well and calculate the depth, and then calculate the control points located along the route, which will be used to derive the correct geometry of the ditch.
DIY
Equipping a ditch is quite simple and do-it-yourself, even if you do most of the land work by hand. However, the complexity will be caused by the presence of a large volume of selected soil along the length of the ditch.
It can be used to equip the front garden around the perimeter of the site so that it is raised above the general ground level.
The easiest way to use the option is to strengthen the slopes with biomats, geomats, mesh or geotextiles. In this case, there is no need to over-compact the soil under the base, you can limit yourself to a small amount of loose drainage, sand or gravel, which will significantly reduce the load on the performer.
Price
A qualitatively, quickly and aesthetically pleasing drainage ditch can be organized using heavy rafter equipment.
In the minimum volume, an excavator is required, which will dig the base for the ditch in a matter of hours and at the same time it is easier to adjust the shape and geometry of the slopes, the depth of the base.
The executing company will prepare a project of work and an estimate in advance, so as not to guess about the cost of work after the fact and count on a guaranteed result.
The main burden on the budget of this event may be the preparation of a drainage well, if necessary, the rest of the work is much cheaper.
