Drainage at their summer cottage: the easiest way to protect against storm and melt water

The article will consider in detail surface drainage in a summer cottage: the easiest way to organize a drainage system and its features, the rules for selecting materials and preparing for work. An analysis will also be made of step-by-step instructions and recommendations for arranging sewerage for those people who do not have experience in this area, but want to independently organize protection for their home and surrounding area from erosion by rainwater.

The use of drainage systems to divert storm water solves many problems. Such designs eliminate the problem of an excess of moisture near the foundation of the house, preventing the development of putrefactive processes and the appearance of mold. In addition, such systems save the territory from flooding with storm water, as well as melt water, the level of which increases during the spring snowmelt.

Note! If you do not lay drainage pipes on the site or organize a system of surface ditches, you will have to constantly pump out water from the basement of the house in rainy weather. This is especially true for buildings built on loamy soils.

How to make drainage on the site with your own hands: choosing a system

Drainage systems are conventionally divided into two broad categories: surface and deep. If the installation of a deep system may require certain knowledge and the help of specialists, then the installation of surface drainage in a summer cottage can be done independently. This type of sewage can be called the simplest way to solve the problem of excess moisture in the area.

Note! There are certain restrictions regarding the installation of surface and deep systems. Some conditions do not allow the organization of a particular type of sewerage. Be sure to carry out a preliminary analysis of the conditions of the territory of the proposed construction.

To develop a preliminary drainage scheme for the site, its territory should be inspected and key points identified. All factors that may have an impact on further work on the drafting of the site drainage are considered.

The following information is required to draw up a diagram:

1. A plan of the territory indicating all buildings, the nature and density of plantings, as well as the boundaries of the site.
2. Topographic data that reflects the features of the terrain (not needed if the site has a flat surface).
3. Dendroplan (a scheme is necessary if there are a large number of plantings on the territory or if they are supposed to be planted, since the plants are dependent on water).
4. Road-path grid (the layout of future paths and paved areas that need drainage).
5. Scheme of the communication system.
6. Hydrological data (level of water balance of the territory).

On the one hand, hydrological data influences how drainage is done in dachas, so they are very important. On the other hand, loamy soil types have the same structural structure, so this information may not be needed.

Surface drainage system at the site: device

Surface drainage systems collect spring melt and rainwater, after which they take it outside the territory. The installation of such structures is especially needed in those suburban areas where there is stagnation of moisture or large accumulations of it.

Most often, such conditions are formed if:

• clayey or loamy soil is located under a layer of fertile soil (such types of soil are considered waterproof or waterproof);
• the territory has a lowland location, for example, at the foot of the hills;
• the slope of the surface in the territory is partially equal to zero, in other words, the surface is perfectly flat, because of which the water cannot move independently under the influence of gravity;
• the site has areas where the soil is oversaturated with water from time to time, for example, places where plants are watered.

Note! In addition, it is possible to install surface drainage in a site with a high level of groundwater. In this case, the upper layers of soils may be subject to flooding during high precipitation.

The surface drainage schemes of the land plot in general terms are as follows:

• water collection points;
• trench ladders leading from watershed points;
• a trench connecting together a system of ladders;
• a drainage well where a common trench leads (instead of a well, leading to a ditch or a natural reservoir, or a ditch specially dug outside the site, can be used).

Types of surface drainage of a site with a high level of groundwater

With regard to structural features, there are two types of surface systems for water drainage:

• point, installed in areas where water accumulates;
• linear - entire networks of drainage pipes that collect water for its further transportation to storage.

How much will it cost to drain the site (price of materials for a point system):

Helpful advice! Experts recommend combining both of these systems to achieve the most effective result.

Drainage device on the site (the cost of materials for a linear system):

Do-it-yourself do-it-yourself spot drainage on clay soil

The point-type drainage system does an excellent job of protecting certain areas of the territory from excess moisture. Before draining a site on clay soil, as a rule, problem areas are identified, which can be:

• placement of gutters leading from the roof of the house;
• door pits;
• entry zone;
• terrace;
• points where the analysis of water intended for irrigation of vegetation is carried out.

To arrange the drainage of a site on clay soil, the following elements are used (the prices for them are placed in the tables above):

• storm water inlets;
• settling tanks equipped with containers for collecting large particles and debris;
• trench ladders transporting water to the storm sewer system;
• dampers that prevent the backflow of water and the ingress of large particles of debris into the system.

Features of the storm drainage system on the site: how to make a drainage system

The linear type drainage system consists of gutters that are buried in the soil. These channels carry water from the site to the outside. When arranging such drainage in a summer cottage with your own hands, it should be remembered that the liquid is discharged by gravity.

On sale you can find gutters made of various materials:

• polymer concrete;
• plastic;
• concrete.

Helpful advice! To reduce the cost of purchasing consumables, you can make gutters yourself. At home, you can make concrete elements using special molds for pouring.

Above the gutters are gratings that perform a protective function. The material for their manufacture can be plastic or metal (cast iron, steel). These elements have a removable design.

How to make site drainage based on the key elements of the system:

• gutters are laid in pre-arranged trenches;
• sand traps are mounted in areas where drainage systems and other similar places are located;
• gratings are fixed on the gutters.

Do-it-yourself installation of a linear drainage system on the site is carried out if:

• the angle of inclination of the surface is more than 3 ° (in such conditions, water can be discharged by gravity, which, without drainage, can simply wash out the fertile soil layer);
• it is necessary to divert water from the base of the house in conditions of prolonged rainfall;
• it is necessary to divert water from the relief slopes of the territory;

• household structures are located in the same plane with the surface of the suburban area or below this level;
• there is a need to protect the territory of the summer cottage, as well as entrances and paved paths.

Turnkey site drainage installation: price of work

Water can destroy the foundation of the house, destroy some plant species, wash fertile soil from the site, and even provoke a landslide. Drainage of the site by drainage in combination with other protective measures avoids all these problems.

List of protective measures:

1. Performing seamless waterproofing of the base of the house.
2. Protection of the waterproofing layer from damage.
3. Installation of a drainage system at the foundation.
4. Organization of additional insulation of the waterproofing layer at the base.
5. Construction of an insulated blind area.
6. Turnkey site drainage installation.

All items from this list (except the last one) are carried out at the stage of building a house. These works are best left to professionals. The device of the drainage storm system can be done independently, but first you need to figure out what the cost of drainage of a site performed on a turnkey basis by professionals is. This will allow you to make the final decision as to whether it is worth laying drainage pipes with geotextiles or limit yourself to surface mounting the system, which you can do yourself.

Organization of site drainage (price of professional services):

Installing drainage in a summer cottage: the price of elements for the system

Regardless of whether the installation work is done on your own or with the involvement of specialists, you must purchase all the consumables necessary for this procedure before installing the drainage system.

Helpful advice! In order to save money, it is recommended to buy drainage wells and other consumables in advance. The main thing in this case is not to make mistakes with the calculations. If you are not sure, use the advice of a specialist to draw up a preliminary estimate. The average cost of developing a site drainage system project is 15,000 rubles.

Prices for drainage wells:

The average price of cast-iron gratings for storm sewers as part of storm water inlets is 3500 rubles. The package may include a waste basket and walls.

How much does it cost to lay drainage pipes in the country (price of services):

The table shows that the cost of laying pipes for drainage of a site depends not only on the level of penetration, but also on the type of material. Working with rigid pipes is much more difficult. This nuance should be taken into account when choosing products.

Drainage installation technology around the site: how to make the system correctly

The simplest technology that describes how to properly drain a country-type site involves the rejection of the use of gutters.

Note! The surface system in this case is performed in a non-standard way at minimal cost, since there is no need to purchase finished parts from stores. In the process of work improvised materials are used.

Do-it-yourself technology for creating surface drainage of a site:

1. Trenches should be dug around the perimeter of the area that needs to be drained. They should be located taking into account the slope of the surface. If the site is horizontal, this slope must be formed independently. The optimal parameters for calculating storm sewers are: the width of the trenches should be 40 cm, the depth - 50 cm. The minimum angle of inclination of the surface (toward the removal of moisture from the site) is 30 °.
2. The trench system must be connected, and then brought into a ditch or into a storage well. In this zone, you can organize a small artificial pond, for example, a decorative pond, plant plants there that love moisture.
3. The system is tested for functionality. To do this, water is poured into the trenches and the direction in which it flows is checked.
4. An embankment is formed at the bottom of the trenches. First you need to organize a layer of large rubble, after which there is a layer of small.

For the drainage system, pipes with a filter made of

Protecting the foundation of the house: the sequence of work of the storm sewer device

The technology for arranging a drainage system to protect the foundation involves the use of a linear design:

1. In areas where liquid is drained from downpipes leading from roofs, storm water inlets are installed. For these elements, it is necessary to dig holes in advance, which are 10 cm higher than the depth and width of the water intake funnel. The grate should be positioned 3 mm below ground level.
2. The funnel is installed on a concrete base in such a way that there is enough space for removing the grate and cleaning the water inlet if necessary. It is also not recommended to place this element too high, otherwise the liquid will splash around and there will be no sense from the drainage.
3. Water inlets are connected to gutters for transporting water. To do this, you need to indent from the foundation of the house by 1 m and dig a trench. Its depth is selected so that the gutter can be installed, and there is still 10 cm of headroom left on top. The same margin of space should be in width. Do not forget about the slope of the drainage pipe towards the well.

Helpful advice! In the process of installing gutters, which are also placed on a concrete pad, it is recommended to use a building level. The side parts of these parts can be fixed with concrete for reliability.

Next, the gratings are installed, and there must be an end cap on the last gutter of the system. Place sand traps and wells in the corners of the storm sewer, after which you can begin to connect all the elements of the system together. At the joints, the use of bituminous mastic is allowed, which will eliminate leaks.

The system is completely ready, it remains only to fill it with soil, but in such a way that a gap of 3 mm remains between the surface and the grate.

Gutters made of plastic are lightweight and low cost. However, they are subject to deformation changes under the influence of pressure exerted by concrete and soil. To prevent damage to the material, it is recommended to fix the drainage grids “on the shore”.

The system for draining water from the site by open drainage often freezes in winter. So that in the spring the storm sewer can do its job without delay, the pipe must be attached to the sand trap. Thanks to this, the system will not freeze too much.

Using the technique described earlier, you can drain around the perimeter of walkways. Paved areas and paths on the site also need to remove excess moisture, since water has a destructive effect on tiles and other elements (borders, flower beds).