Tenderness and affection, love and care are associated with a person dear to the heart. For many, a mother is the closest and dearest person who will understand under any circumstances, accept in any conditions and forgive any mistakes.
This is a man with a huge heart, ready for self-sacrifice for the sake of his children. In addition to grateful smiles and mutual love children, which are considered the most expensive award for a woman, she is also entitled to an honorary title from the state. In which case a woman modern society can count on a special status? How many children does the mother-heroine have to raise, and not just give birth to for this?
The history of the title
For the first time, the need to note the merits of a mother who is able to give birth, raise and meekly give her children to the state was felt at the end of the Second World War, back in 1944. The Soviet leaders, without suspecting it, established a high rank and the order “Mother Heroine”, which is due to this, on July 8. By Orthodox calendar it is considered Valentine's Day, celebrated as Family Day. The latter is venerated in memory of the saints of Murom, Peter and Fevronia, known for their fidelity and love for each other, who withstood despite prohibitions both during their life and after their death.
Initially, the question was how many children the heroine mother should give birth to and raise to her feet in order to receive a distinctive title. The plans were to reward communist women who gave birth and raised more than 10 children, one from each friendly republic of the USSR. But there were none, because those who took care of so many children were not up to joining the party and not up to party worries.
Which woman was the first to receive the status?
It was not for nothing that they remembered mothers at the end of the war. Given the huge losses, it was necessary to improve demographic situation in the country.
Worthy contenders were looking for all over the country. The award ceremony was timed to coincide with the anniversary of the revolution. Orders were awarded to those mothers who, after giving birth and raising more than 10 children, lost their sons and daughters at the front. The first woman to receive the order was Aleksakhina Anna Savelyevna, who had 12 children, 8 of whom fought for their homeland at the front, and four of them laid down their heads in battle. This order was given to the State Historical Museum by the children of Anna Savelyevna. In the funds of the museum, if you wish, you can look at the first award in the state. The award took place in the Kremlin with all honors. The greatest joy for the family was the increase in living space in the barracks, where a large family lived. After the war, a year later, they were given as many as two rooms, allowing them to settle in spacious apartments, but you can’t call their life easy: the time was hungry and difficult.
What benefits did women have in the past?
An honorary title was awarded to a woman in case of achievement youngest child one year of age, and all older children at the time of assigning special status should have been alive. In Soviet times, women with many children were entitled to tangible assistance, and this applied not only to those who had the title of “mother-heroine”. How many children did it take to raise for this?
With the birth of the third child, the state already supported the family. This includes good benefits for children and an increase in maternity leave. And also this registration out of turn in a nursery and a reduced fee for Kindergarten, free school meals.
And the women who were awarded the order retired five years earlier, had free travel in public transport upon retirement and significant benefits when paying utility bills. A separate living space is the main privilege of heroine mothers, to which they had the right to claim even after their older children reach adulthood. No one dared to remove such a woman from the queue for housing, so she was guaranteed to receive the apartments provided by the state.
How the heroine mother's work is celebrated today
The last awarding of the order took place on November 14, 1991. With the collapse of the USSR, they forgot about the merits of mothers and preferred to forget about the benefits for them for a long time. In some regions, they tried to single out women who decided on such a feat of motherhood, marking them with a medal "For Merit to the Fatherland" or the Order of Friendship. But they did not give benefits and did not reflect the main essence of high rank.
How many children does the mother-heroine have today? What is the cost of educating worthy citizens? Understanding the relevance of issues within modern Russia, legislators drew attention to the demographic situation and the invaluable role of a woman who selflessly devotes herself to motherhood. The Order of the Mother Heroine was not returned, however, a new award for heroic parents exists in modern Russia - this is the Order of Parental Glory. Also attached to it certificate of honor. But is this enough?
How many children does a mother-heroine have to have in Russia to get the status?
Established in 2008, a new honorary state award is due to parents who raised 4-7 children. These may not necessarily be born children; adopted children are also taken into account. The Orthodox community also contributed and established the Order of Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom, since 2007 it has been honoring worthy in six categories. This award is given to mothers whose children have become heroes of Russia, as well as whole families, teams and outstanding personalities who have made a huge contribution to strengthening the institution of the family in Russia.
What are the benefits and rights of modern heroine mothers?
Mothers who have taken on the difficult task of raising and caring for large families around the clock enjoy benefits that do not exist in all regions. Local self-government bodies in a number of areas provided for:
Discount on utilities from 30%;
free travel in public transport;
registration out of turn of the child in the nursery preschool;
for those who want to start their own business farming, small commercial enterprise) tax exemption is provided for a certain period of time, and in the future you can count on loyal taxation, an interest-free loan for the development of the enterprise;
subsidies, benefits in the construction of housing.
But the main help is maternity capital, which allows a woman to reasonably manage funds that can become the foundation of a woman’s financial independence. On how wisely she manages this opportunity, her future prosperity depends.
Status "mother-heroine": privileges in Ukraine
How are things in Ukraine? Women who have given birth or adopted, in accordance with the legislation of the country, 5 or more children and raised them up to 6 years of age, have the right to count on pension maintenance for special services to the state, and upon reaching the age of 8 children - on the honorary title "Mother Heroine" which is confirmed by the head of state. Able to make happy the mother-heroine how many children? Ukraine is a country in which the role of a mother of many children in society is deeply respected. Such women are entitled to:
a one-time remuneration in the form of a tenfold subsistence minimum in the state;
providing housing in the first place;
can count on a 25% supplement to the basic pension;
for early retirement, but with a reservation, if the length of service is at least 15 years;
at the age of 58, social assistance in the amount of 100% of the subsistence minimum, which a woman has the right to count on in the absence of the necessary length of service and loss of working capacity.
Titles and awards today: Order of Parental Glory
Thoroughly clarifying and answering the question of how many children the mother-heroine has (after all, Russia is a country that cares about its future, where issues of family education in large families are relevant and it is important to solve them at the state level), it is important to note the following. 
The modern insignia - the Order of Parental Glory, is intended for two parents, obliging them to equally make efforts to raise children. The cash reward that comes with the title is a good help for family budget. But it is not enough in Russia today to have 7 or more children to obtain a status, because the procedure for processing documents for obtaining such a title is not easy. It is necessary to collect a whole package of documents confirming the right to proudly wear such an order. It is legitimate on the part of the state to cut off unreliable parents who do not educate, but only produce children into the world. But parents conscientiously fulfilling their paternal duty do not have enough free time to spend it on collecting documents confirming their decency. Therefore, not many parents who deserve the award received it today.
Ranks are good, but what is the real support of the state?
Mother-heroine in Russia, even with a new order, needs the support of the state. No wonder legislators started talking about the return of privileges for this category of citizens. After all, round-the-clock work and endless care is a feat that must be taken into account and, in addition to an extraordinary place for a child in kindergarten, it is necessary to think about the rest of the mother herself, who should be personally rewarded, at least with a health trip to the resort.
A woman who gives so much warmth and tenderness should herself be fully gifted, because her contribution to the cause of the state is great, so benefits for heroine mothers should be discussed today. And the state will receive a return, because prosperous children, with the care of a responsible mother, will soon regularly pay taxes and benefit, contributing to the prosperity of the country.
After the collapse of the USSR in the 90s, it was not at all fashionable to engage in social support for large families. Everything that was in any way connected with the notorious "scoop" was categorically swept aside, and therefore such a wonderful and honorary title as the mother-heroine has sunk into the past.
The history of the appearance of the order "Mother Heroine"
The title of mother heroine and the badge were introduced in the penultimate year of the war, when the demographic problem associated with gigantic human losses rose to its full height before the country's leadership. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a Decree, which spelled out the conditions for awarding this honorary title. The title mother heroine was designated as "the highest degree of distinction" and was assigned to those women who not only gave birth, but also raised ten or more children.
The term for conferring the title mother heroine was determined by the date when the youngest child was 1 year old, and at the same time the remaining 9 children were alive. Legally adopted, as well as those who died in the line of duty, were also taken into account. military duties children.
Over the 47-year period of existence of this high title, more than 400 thousand people have been awarded it. Soviet women. In addition to the Order of the Mother Heroine, other similar awards were established in the USSR: the Order of Maternal Glory of 3 degrees (for 7, 8, 9 children) and the Medal of Motherhood of two degrees (for 5, 6 children).
The Soviet state provided benefits to heroine mothers in in full. These were cash benefits, free vouchers to health resorts, and most importantly, apartments were provided out of turn.
Now there is nothing like it. There is no such title - "Mother Heroine". True, in some republics of the former Soviet Union, it still survived. For example, there is the title “Mother-Heroine of Ukraine”, where it is awarded to women who have given birth and raised 5 or more children up to the age of 8. It is assigned by the Decree of the President, in addition to it, a one-time monetary reward in the amount of 10 living wages is paid. Ukrainian heroine mothers receive a pension supplement (25% of the same living wage). What if a woman doesn't have seniority, necessary for the calculation of a pension, then she receives an allowance from the state.
The Order of "Parental Glory" - the successor of the Order of the "Mother Heroine"?
This order was established in our country in 2009, it is awarded to parents with 4 or more children. In addition, a one-time cash reward of 50 thousand rubles is issued. However, many believe that this is not enough. And at the beginning of 2013 State Duma a proposal was made to revive the order "Mother Heroine", which will be awarded to women who have given birth and raised 5 or more children. It is proposed to “reinforce” this title with financial benefits, the list of which is still being developed.
However, many women are asking that this award give at least the right to early retirement for heroine mothers. The current pension legislation provides for such an opportunity, but only if there is at least 15 years of work experience. And if he is not? So women are asked to recognize the difficult task of raising children useful labor giving the right to early retirement.
And if the title of mother-heroine still contributes to solving the housing problems of large families, then this legislative initiative will certainly receive approval in all regions of Russia. By the way, the regions, to the best of their financial capabilities, already provide support to large families in the form of payment benefits utilities priority provision of places in kindergartens.
Therefore, the revival of the title of "Mother Heroine" is called by many deputies an initiative that supports and strengthens the institution of the family.
The first state award in Russian history for mothers of many children appeared at a difficult time - at the height of the Great Patriotic War.
The establishment of such an award pursued two goals at once. First, the authorities wanted to celebrate mothers of many children whose sons died at the front. Secondly, the new award was aimed at stimulating childbearing - a country that had suffered the most severe losses needed new citizens.
On July 8, 1944, the order and the title of "Mother Heroine" were established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. At the same time, the title "Mother Heroine" was declared the highest title assigned to mothers of many children.
According to the Regulations on the title of "Mother Heroine", it was awarded to mothers who gave birth and raised ten or more children after the last child reached the age of one year and if the remaining children of this mother were alive.
It was also stipulated that children adopted by the mother in the manner prescribed by law, as well as those who died or went missing in the defense of the USSR or in the performance of other duties of military service, or in the performance of the duty of a citizen of the USSR to save human life, to protect socialist property and socialist law and order are taken into account. , as well as those who died as a result of injury, concussion, mutilation or illness received under the specified circumstances, or as a result of a labor injury or occupational disease.
From the “Mother Heroine” to the Motherhood Medal
Organizational issues related to clarification various nuances, took several months, so the first official assignment of the title "Mother Heroine" by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR took place on October 27, 1944.
The list of the first awarded included 14 women. Some historians argue that the hitch with the award was due to the fact that the authorities were trying to find a communist mother with many children, but they did not solve this problem.
Be that as it may, the order "Mother Heroine" No. 1 and the Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. 1 were awarded on November 1, 1944 in the Kremlin to a resident of the village of Mamontovka, Moscow Region Anna Aleksakhina who raised 12 children. 4 sons of Anna Aleksakhina died at the front.
Not everyone knows, but along with the order and the title of "Mother Heroine" in the USSR, junior awards for mothers were also approved - the Order of "Maternal Glory", as well as the Medal of Motherhood.
The Maternity Medal had two degrees. The 2nd degree award was given to mothers who gave birth and raised five children, the 1st degree award was given to mothers who gave birth and raised six children.
Between the medal of Motherhood and the order "Mother Heroine" was the Order of "Maternal Glory" of three degrees, which was awarded to women who gave birth and raised 7, 8 and 9 children, respectively.
Soviet awards for mothers of many children lasted about half a century. During this time, more than 13 million women have been awarded the Motherhood medals, and about 5.5 million women have been awarded the Order of Maternal Glory.
And, finally, a little over 430 thousand Soviet women were awarded the order and title of "Mother Heroine", most of whom lived in the regions of Kazakhstan and Central Asia.
Such different mothers
The last assignment of the title "Mother Heroine" in the Soviet Union took place on November 14, 1991, after which the state long years let demographic issues in the country take their course.
Nevertheless, out of inertia, mothers of many children were awarded, but not on the same scale and on the same scale. Mothers were awarded the Order of Friendship, or medals of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland. In total, less than 400 women received these awards.
It should be noted that in Soviet times, especially in the late Soviet period, the attitude towards “heroine mothers” was ambiguous. Someone admired them, someone considered them “producers of poverty”, and someone even reproached them for trying to get additional social benefits, privileges and better living conditions from the state with the help of children.
Among the women who bore the title of "Mother Heroine", there were extremely different personalities.
Epistinia Stepanova, who raised nine sons and one daughter, lost all her sons in the war. The last, Nikolai, who returned from the war as an invalid, died from the consequences of his wounds in 1963.
Ninel Ovechkina, who raised 7 sons and 4 daughters, became the organizer of a family gang that planned to hijack an airplane in order to move to the West. On March 8, 1988, the capture of a Tu-154 by the Ovechkin family led to tragedy. Flight attendant killed when police attempted to storm the plane Tamara Hot and three passengers. Four sons of Ninel Ovechkina and she herself committed suicide.
"Parental glory" instead of maternal
They switched from words to deeds in May 2008, when by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev The Order of Parental Glory was established, the prototype of which was the Soviet Order of Maternal Glory.
But, unlike the Soviet predecessor, both spouses were awarded the Order of Parental Glory, and only in the case of an incomplete family, only one parent was awarded.
In 2008, the statute of the new order prescribed to reward families that gave birth and raised four or more children and ensured "an appropriate level of care for the health, education, physical, spiritual and moral development of children, the full and harmonious development of their personality."
Two years later, in 2010, the statute was revised - now "Parental Glory" can only be awarded to families with seven or more children.
As a result, over the six years of the order's existence, 250 families were awarded it, and the peak of awards occurred in 2009, after which the number of new holders of Parental Glory began to decline.
However, many public and political figures believe that the Order of Parental Glory is not enough. Since 2013, the issue of reviving the title of “Mother Heroine” has been actively discussed in the Russian parliament.
Orders for mothers: neighbors are ahead of Russia
Moreover, Russia's neighbors have already returned to this practice. In Uzbekistan, there is an order “For a healthy generation”, in Kazakhstan, mothers of large families receive gold and silver pendants that have the status of an order.
In fact, they returned to Soviet practice in Belarus and Ukraine. In Belarus, among the state awards, there is the Order of the Mother, which is awarded to women who have given birth and raised five or more children. In Ukraine, for ten years now, the honorary title “Mother Heroine” has again existed, which over this period has been awarded to more than 130,000 women. It is awarded to women who have given birth and raised five or more children up to the age of eight.
In Kyrgyzstan, since 1996, there has been an order of the "Mother Heroine", which, according to its statute, was initially closest to the Soviet award. This award was awarded to mothers who had and fully raised ten or more children after the tenth child reached seven years old and with the rest of the children alive. However, since 2009, the "award threshold" has become significantly lower in this country as well - now the order is awarded to mothers who have and fully raise seven or more children.
The status of "Mother-heroine" can be obtained by a woman who is raising several children. This includes both born and adopted children. Such families are provided with various benefits and awards.
Mother heroine: how to get status and benefits?
Despite the fact that modern women can lead the country, serve in the army, be ambassadors and peacekeepers, first of all, they still remain mothers.
This is the main vocation and mission of a woman in this world. According to statistics, most have two children, and some have three, five or more.
And if there are quite a lot of large families, then mothers-heroines, perhaps, can be counted on the fingers.
Mother-heroine in Russia: how many children should there be?
What kind of mother can be called a heroine? Since 2008, this status can be obtained by a woman with seven or more children. Necessary condition obtaining such a title is the fact that the youngest child reaches the year, while all other children must be alive. The status is awarded to a woman not only for born, but also for adopted babies.
Until 2008, heroine mothers were not encouraged at the government level, although in some subjects of the federation they received insignia. However, the awards did not imply material incentives and did not correspond to the contribution that the woman made to the life of the country.
Mother heroine: how many children are there in the USSR?
This title was first used in 1944. The period of the war was marked by great loss of life. At that time, the reward was offered as an encouragement of fertility, since many people died in the war and it was necessary to restore the nation.
During the Soviet Union, women received, in addition to the title of heroine, also an award - an order. The purpose of its appropriation was to emphasize the invaluable contribution of mothers to the process of birth and education of new citizens. To be granted heroine status, a woman had to have ten or more children. Before the end of the existence of the USSR, almost 500 women received the Order of the Mother Heroine.
Privileges
Today, mothers with heroine status receive monetary rewards in the amount established by federal law. In some cases, along with the award, they give out housing or a car.
The following benefits are also provided:
In addition, women with more than 10 children and living in Moscow can open a kindergarten in their home. They are given the position of educator and paid wages.
Awards for mothers of many children: how to get?
In our time, both mother and father can receive an award for having many children, since they raise children together. Before assigning, the guardianship authorities carefully check whether the family meets all the necessary requirements.
To receive an award, the following conditions must be met:
- full provision of children, education in spiritual and moral terms;
- compliance of the family with the normative rules enshrined in legislation;
- acceptable lifestyle;
- education for children;
- parents are fully concerned about the health of children;
- the family can be considered an example for others to follow in terms of maintaining and respecting family values.
Order of Parental Glory
If the family meets all the above requirements, then the order is granted when the seventh child turns three years old.
In addition, the rule regarding the remaining children alive remains. The dead guys are taken into account only if they died in the line of civic duty, or died while performing military service.
The Order of Parental Glory is a straight equilateral cross made of silver with gilding and enamel, the ends of which are concave on the sides.
Medal "Parental Glory"
It has the same power as the Motherhood reward. It is awarded to parents raising more than 4 children. As with other awards, adopted children also count. The medal is awarded when the youngest child turns three years old.
As is the case with other similar awards, this medal is given only to pre-screened families who need to do more than just give birth or adopt a child. They are obliged to provide him with a full-fledged upbringing and harmonious development, instill human values and ideals, set an example of a strong marriage.
To receive the award, the spouses must be legally married, be in a marriage registered with the relevant authorities. All living conditions must be created for children, including a home, education and all-round development. Also, family members must be citizens of the country and permanently reside in its territory.
Due to the low birth rate and the unwillingness of couples to have more than one child, now, unfortunately, orders and awards are practically not issued to anyone. According to statistics, in each region of the state, only 2-3 families receive the award. However, all the actions of the authorities are aimed at encouraging the birth rate in large quantities, reviving the right traditions. All this is supported by the promise of various benefits to couples.
Useful video
You can talk endlessly about the role of mother in human life. Many autobiographical stories confirm this significant role. Not only to give birth, support, but also to educate a worthy citizen of the state is not an easy task.
USSR medals
Not every woman in the Soviet years and now is awarded the title of "Mother Heroine". One of the categories of "Medals of the USSR" - the medal of motherhood appeared in 1944 thanks to the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. This date coincided with Orthodox holiday family, which in modern Russia has regained relevance. In addition to the medal of motherhood, the title "Mother Heroine" was awarded, the system of awards Soviet Union, extraordinary for the union of 15 republics. In the early 1940s, this honor was awarded to those who gave life and education to five or more children.
Awards classification
In the case of a woman giving birth to five children, she was entitled to the award "Medal of Maternity 2nd Degree". Those who have 7-9 children were awarded the Order of Maternal Glory of the third, second, first degrees. Provided that the woman gave birth and raised 6 children - "Medal of motherhood of the 1st degree."
The peak of the mother's feat was proclaimed the birth of ten babies or more. In such cases, the Soviet woman was awarded the Order "Mother Heroine" with the assignment of the honorary title of the same name. The authors of the art projects of orders for mothers were:
- N.N. Zhukov (project of the USSR medal - "Medal of Motherhood").
- I.I. Dubasov ("Maternal Glory").
- I.A. Ganf is the author of the order "Mother Heroine".
Orders for mother-heroines
The order "Mother Heroine" was a convex five-pointed star against a background of silver rays. The Order of Maternal Glory has an oval shape and a silver tint. A red banner with the words "Maternal Glory" and the number of the degree flutters on the upper section. In the left sector - a woman with a child and roses. Below the banner - an enamel shield white color with the words "USSR". The metal block is made in the form of a bow, painted with white enamel with a blue stripe. Order of the second degree of bright blue.
The Order of "Maternal Glory" had 3 degrees. Simultaneously with the assignment of these awards, a system of measures came into force. This was to help women maternity leave, single mothers. A lot of funds were directed to the establishment of benefits and allowances, lump-sum payments, the protection of childhood and motherhood, the creation of a network of kindergartens, schools, etc.
Mothers are heroes. Who are they
The title of "Mother Heroine" was awarded for the first time on October 27, 1944. This title was awarded to 14 Soviet women. Mom-heroine No. 1 was A.S. Aleksakhin. All her eight sons were at the front, 4 of them died, 2 died of wounds, having already come from the front. The second order bearer was the Tula housewife M.M. Ryzhkov. Of her ten children, 7 were in the war - six sons and a daughter.
A resident of the city on the Neva, S.V. Ignatieva, also deserved the title of “Mother Heroine”. Four sons of Serafima Vasilievna fought for their Motherland. 3 daughters remained in the besieged city. The entire Ignatiev family worked at the defense enterprise of the besieged city. All 7 children were awarded "For the Defense of Leningrad".
Few people know that special place in the history of heroine mothers, A.A. Derevevskaya. She is the only mother-heroine in the USSR who raised 48 children! And the basis of the family was not kinship, but love and compassion. While the First World War She worked in a hospital. There, her fate brought her together with the Red Guard Emelya Derevsky. Soon they got married, but Emelyan was shot by the White Guards.
In 1918, young Alexandra became a foster mother. Her adopted first-born was ten-year-old Timothy - native brother late husband. The second adopted baby was also a boy, Derevskaya picked him up right on the street. The baby lay wrapped in swaddling clothes near the body of the dead mother. The autobiography of the Derevsky family, like a mirror, reflected all the tragic events experienced by the Soviet state over half a century. In the interval between civil war and the war with Nazi Germany Derevskaya Alexandra raised 14 children.
In the period 1941-1945. 17 Leningrad orphans and 18 children from other parts of the USSR acquired a new parental home. In 1950, 36 children were brought up in the Derevsky house. All children from the Derevsky family grew up good people. The legendary mother-heroine died in 1959, she was 57 years old. The following epitaph is engraved on her grave: "You are our conscience, our prayer is mother."
The last time in history the title was awarded to heroine mothers on November 14, 1991 (by decree of President M.S. Gorbachev). Medals of the USSR (medal of motherhood of the first and second degrees) also went down in history. In just 47 years, 431,000 mothers have been awarded this order.
In the 90s in Russia they were awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland or the Order of Friendship. In 2009, the Order of Parental Glory was established. They are awarded to parents raising 4 or more children.
