How to make a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands. How to build a wooden staircase to the second floor - manufacturing technology - diagram and video How to make a platform for a wooden staircase

When building a house with at least 2 floors, you definitely need to think about the stairs in it. And if the house is built with your own hands, it is logical to build the stairs as well.

Various photos of stairs help you make a preliminary choice and clearly understand what type of lift you need. But before you take on the work, carefully calculate the future structure for strength and dimensions, this will save time and money, because incorrect calculations (or lack thereof) will lead to numerous alterations of the original project.

Types of stairs

There are a large number of different options for flights of stairs. They differ in the material of manufacture (wood, concrete or metal), the type of rise (sloping staircase, spiral staircase, with a turn at a certain degree).

The most common is a wooden staircase. Staircases are also often constructed with a 90-degree turn. It is not uncommon for these two types of lifting devices to be combined into one.

In case of limited space, make a spiral staircase from metal. The screw type of lift allows you to save space, and making it from metal increases the strength of the structure. Concrete is used for stairs in massive buildings (for example, mansions).

What to pay attention to

In a low-rise building, without any construction experience, it is better to order a modular staircase, a kind of construction set, where all the parts are cut out and numbered, and all you have to do is assemble them using the instructions. This is how wooden stairs are usually made.

When building a concrete staircase, in addition to pouring the frame, you will need to perform external finishing (with beautiful stone or wood materials). It turns out to be a double waste of time and money. However, for cottages with 3 or more floors, they are mandatory according to fire safety requirements.

When making a staircase for the first time, you don’t need to jump straight into a complex structure. The simpler the model, the more likely it is that you will be able to successfully build this lifting device on the first try.

Pay attention to the angle of inclination of the stairs: if it is more than 45 degrees, the ladder will be considered an extension, and you can only go down it backwards. The optimal elevation angle is considered to be 37 degrees.

Wood is preferable as a material for construction, since, thanks to its properties, it allows you to correct minor construction flaws that arose due to inaccurate calculations and inexperience of the work performer.

Also, after construction, the building may settle due to loose soil, as a result the staircase can become several centimeters higher or lower than the floor, and it is easier to correct this in a wooden structure.

When constructing a lift with a turn towards, the distance between spans must be at least 100 mm.

Construction stages

Answering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, there are several stages of construction.

The first stage of any structure, be it a staircase into a house or an interfloor staircase, is the creation of a project. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of the building and its ease of use.

The structure must support the average weight of an ordinary person with a fair margin. Be sure to use railings!

If they are not there, another fence must be designed to ensure the safety of descent and ascent.

Consider creating a wooden staircase with stringers

After you have designed your building, you need to prepare the materials. In our case, choose boards of suitable thickness and length, prepare balusters with railings and prepare stringers. This will be the second stage of construction.

A 4 cm thick pine board is suitable as a material for stringers. On it, mark the steps according to the pattern and cut them out with a jigsaw.

Pay attention!

We use the resulting product as a sample for the second (and if the width of the staircase is more than a meter, then the third) stringer. Let's cut the required number of steps to size.

The third stage will be assembling all the parts together. First of all, the stringers are installed in their permanent locations. Then, using self-tapping screws, the steps are attached to the stringers.

Then, using pins, balusters are placed on the steps, and handrails are attached to them. The staircase is ready!

DIY staircase photo

Pay attention!

Today, most country houses are built with two or more floors. And in this case, the question arises with moving between levels, or more precisely, with the construction of stairs. For these purposes, you can use various materials, both traditional and modern. But probably one of the most popular materials for building stairs (and other structures) remains wood. It's beautiful, relatively inexpensive, and you can do it yourself. This article will talk about how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands.

Preparatory stage

Before you start building a wooden staircase in a country house, it is worth considering some details. Firstly, it is worth deciding on the type of construction. In private housing construction they are most often used two types of stairs:

• marching;
• screw.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, a spiral staircase made of wood will take up much less free space. However, such designs are difficult to implement. In addition, the stairs themselves are quite narrow; it can be difficult for a “big” person to walk along them (not to mention carrying large-sized furniture or objects).

The most common option for a private home is considered wooden staircase. Such designs can be easily made with your own hands. They are quite spacious and easy to use. Marching stairs, depending on the height of the second floor, can have one or two flights. But there is no fundamental difference in the construction of each type.

Secondly, it's worth decide on some more parameters. Namely:

• how much free space you can allocate for installing stairs;
• what is the height between floors;
• what maximum load will the ladder have to withstand;
• what parts the structure will consist of (what type of steps to choose, what their height and width are, what fences to use, etc.).

You can decide on the appearance by looking at numerous photos and videos from the Internet. Here you can find original solutions, some of which can be completely implemented independently, with your own hands. Also from the video you can get acquainted in more detail with instructions for the manufacture and installation of wooden stairs.

Once you have decided on the type of wooden staircase and its components, it is worth preparing all the necessary material. But for this you need to make calculations of the future structure and its drawing. In the beginning calculate all indicators. Namely:

It is also worth considering the width of the clearance above the stairs. When you go up the steps, your head should be clear so that you don't hit yourself. The length of the string or bowstring is also calculated.

Preparing the necessary material and tools

Knowing all the design parameters, you can prepare the necessary material. Wooden stairs can be made from different species. Many experts recommend using oak, beech or larch. But such materials are quite expensive. The most commonly used species are conifers. They are quite durable, easy to process and inexpensive.

When purchasing wood, it is important to pay attention to its quality. There should be no rotting areas, fallen knots or deformations on the boards. Also make sure that the wood is well dried.

For installation of wooden stairs in the house you will need:

• bars for stringers, their thickness should be at least 50 mm, and their width should be in accordance with the size of the steps. The length of the bar must be enough for the entire length of the march; sewing two bars together is not allowed;
• tread boards 40 mm thick;
• boards for steps 30 mm thick;
• it is better to purchase balusters, railings and other accessories ready-made, they will have a more aesthetic appearance;
• galvanized self-tapping screws, screws and anchor bolts for fastening.

In addition, it is necessary prepare the tool for work. Namely:

• devices for marking and measuring (tape tape, rulers, construction corner);
• To make holes you will need a drill (preferably an electric one);
• a hacksaw for wood (for large parts) and a hacksaw for metal (for small parts);
• a screwdriver or better a screwdriver with a set of attachments;
• hammer and chisel for making grooves;
• plane (preferably electric);
• sanding cloth.

And, of course, a detailed drawing should be at hand.

Building a staircase

Now let's get acquainted with the instructions for installing the wooden staircase itself in the house. The drawing is ready, the materials and tools are in place, you can get started. Installation of stairs do it yourself in the following sequence:

This completes the assembly of the stairs. All that's left is cover all surfaces protective layer in the form of varnish. If you wish, you can cover all surfaces with paint.

If you want to build a wooden staircase in a country house with your own hands, then this is quite feasible. The main thing is to carefully calculate everything, make a preliminary drawing and select good material. And then a little effort and time spent and a beautiful and comfortable wooden staircase, made by yourself, is ready. It will surely decorate your home and bring coziness and comfort to it.

A country house can be one-story or have 2-3 floors - much here is determined by the financial situation of the owners. Usually, if there are enough funds, people prefer to build a two-story house - there is more usable area, and it takes up as much space on the site as a one-story building or a little more. The construction of any two-story house will not be complete without a staircase. Wood is one of the most suitable materials for its manufacture. A wooden staircase will suit any interior and become its decoration. Today, wooden stairs for a summer residence can be ordered from specialized companies or made independently.

Structural types of stairs

The main types of stairs are, of course, marching and turning. Straight stairs are marching structures, they are the easiest to assemble, but they take up a lot of space, so this option is more suitable for a large house.

A flight of stairs with risers and interesting railings made of timber, mesh and metal rungs. There is little use of side supports; their deficiency is compensated by the use of a mesh. The hall of the first floor is spacious, the use of a flight of stairs is quite appropriate here

The rotary staircase is compact; it can be spiral or marching. Installing a turning staircase allows you to save space, especially screw designs, but the downside is that it’s not easy to make them yourself.

Spiral staircases look much more original than marching staircases; such a staircase itself is a central detail of the interior, but for its manufacture you need to attract specialists

The main stages of staircase construction

Work on creating a staircase begins with the choice of material. Pine, beech, birch, ash, oak are the wood species that are best suited for this - they look beautiful in the interior and are durable in use. An oak staircase is the most expensive and durable, but pine is a relatively inexpensive material with good characteristics.

Stage #2 – carrying out calculations and drawing up drawings

Before you start designing, you will need to calculate the dimensions of the staircase and make a drawing of it. For your home, you can make a stringer staircase with risers, balusters and railings. We will look at how to build a staircase without turns with a single-flight climb.

First you need to prepare the installation site. If you neglect this point, the ladder may be installed incorrectly, and over time, creaking and gaps will appear. Uneven floors and walls lead to incorrect load distribution, which leads to deformation of the structure.

Knowledge of basic standards is necessary to make the necessary calculations. The ideal angle of elevation of the march is 45 degrees, but if there is not enough space, it can be reduced to 30-40 degrees.

Scheme of construction of a wooden flight of stairs with risers. The simple design can be used both inside the house and outside when building a porch

Then you need to calculate the length of the stairs. Here you will have to remember the school geometry course. The formula for calculating the hypotenuse of a right triangle will help you: c = √(a2 + b2). Here c will be the length of the side bases, a will be the height from the floor to the second floor, b will be the distance between the point where it is planned to place the first step to the second floor level, which will need to be projected onto the floor.

Depending on the height and internal structure of the house, the staircase can be single-flight or double-flight. The height of the risers is 290 mm. The width of the steps is no more than 25 cm, 3 cm goes to the ledge. If the steps are high, or the number of steps in a march exceeds 18, you can make a small platform (700/1000mm). The width of the march should not be less than 80cm, ideally it should be a meter wide.

According to established standards, the height of the railing is from 90 cm to a meter. It will be much easier to work if you indicate all the necessary calculations on the drawing of the future staircase.

Stage #3 – preparation of tools and organization of work

Tools and materials that will be needed for the work: a meter, a pencil for marking, a hammer, a square for marking stringers, a hacksaw, boards for steps, risers, stringers, screws, nails, timber for railings and balusters.

First, the side bases are made. We measure the angle of contact with the floor from the bottom edge of the board, draw a horizontal line. From the line, use a square to measure the width and height for each step to the top, then measure the angle of contact with the 2nd base. We mark the second board in the same way. We cut out the patterns with a hacksaw and fix them in the right place with screws.

The next stage is cutting out and nailing the risers to the base. They should fit perfectly against the stringers without distortion. After the base is completed, the steps can be installed.

The steps can be made from a solid board or you can use two narrow boards 15 cm wide. What you choose is up to you, but the tree must lie firmly and evenly. The boards are fixed with screws and nails

Stage #4 (optional) – installation of railings and fences

Railings are an important part of any staircase; they make ascent and descent safe, and serve a decorative function, adding completeness to the staircase structure. A simple option that will look good is a railing made of timber. We cut out meter-long balusters. Two balusters will be straight supports, the rest need to be sawed and shortened by 5-10 cm at an angle of 45 degrees. The side supports are nailed to the steps, and grooves can be cut into them. A beam is placed on top, serving as a handrail.

Options for summer cottage stairs: 1 – marching with risers, 2 – without risers, 3 – rotating design, 4 – light wooden staircase, 5 – light spiral staircase made of wood and metal, 6 – spiral staircase with steps along the support pillar

If you want to create an original staircase, the railings can be made from a different material - order forged railings, metal or even tempered glass for a wooden staircase. Carved details will also give the staircase an attractive look.

Rotary staircase made of wood and metal. Forged railings and metal supports go perfectly with wooden steps

Marching staircase with a small platform. The platform will be convenient with a large number of steps. A staircase without classic risers looks lighter. The design looks aesthetically pleasing, despite its simplicity

The staircase may not have railings, but this option is rare - it is dangerous for children to walk on such stairs or to carry bulky objects up.

If you wish, you can make a staircase without railings - for example, like this staircase-cabinet, where the space under the stairs is used for business - in such a unique cabinet you can place dishes and other small things, and the design as a whole looks very original

This is the simple staircase you will get if you follow these instructions. The design is ready, and if you coat it with varnish and skillfully select the decor, then it will look attractive and aesthetically pleasing, despite its simplicity.

You can turn to professionals for help, but keep in mind that they may not pay attention to minor defects during construction, which can subsequently lead to serious damage and subsequent repairs. A staircase to the second floor made independently will give you several advantages:

• the result will meet expectations;
• will help save money and nerves;
• a staircase made by yourself will become a source of pride for you.

If you have limited funds for purchasing materials, you can buy cheaper analogues: instead of wood, use chipboard, which can be coated with varnish or paint.

In pursuit of savings, you can lose sight of quality. Although a cheap wooden staircase can also last for quite a long time, it will very soon begin to creak. To avoid this problem, the stairs must be assembled using silicone sealant, which cannot be done without first painting the parts.

In this article we will talk about how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands from wood and metal, and also show photo and video instructions.

To make an interfloor staircase, concrete with tile or marble cladding, metal (a welding machine is required), and wood can be used. The last option is the most practical and convenient. The wooden structure is lightweight, easy to install and has a beautiful appearance.

If you have a room with a ceiling height of 2.8 m, you should give preference to straight structures, or with a staircase turning by 25%. The flight of stairs is made with a length of 80 cm. This option allows you to use the space under the stairs for storing things. One cannot fail to note a minus: the free space on the upper and lower floors will be significantly reduced.

To save precious square meters, a spiral staircase is ideal, but it is also not without its drawbacks:

• the climb is too steep;
• small width of stairs.

Installing a spiral staircase will require 3 m² of free space and a lot of labor.

Another option for constructing a staircase is possible, in which it is located along the surface of the wall. In this case, it is worth considering two marches and a turn. This way you will make it as compact and comfortable as possible for movement.

1. Calculation of the dimensions of the stairs. Measure the distance between the floors of the first and second floors along with the ceiling. This way you will determine the height of the structure. The step should have a height of 18–20 cm. Next, dividing the height of the stairs by the height of the steps, you will get the total number of steps.
2. Projection of dimensions onto the floor surface. To design the structure, it is necessary to determine the width of the steps (approximately 30 cm), after which their number must be multiplied by their width. As a result, you will get the projection size.
3. Manufacturing of staircase elements. To make a stringer you will need timber measuring 14×16, steps – 4 cm boards, risers – 2.5 cm boards. You will determine the length of the step yourself, remembering that the larger it is, the better.
4. Preliminary fitting. If everything fits during the preliminary fitting of the parts, process each element with a grinding machine and assemble the structure. To fix the staircase parts together, coat all places where they come into contact with each other with glue (PVA or wood glue) and additionally secure with screws.
5. Stain and varnish coating. First, apply stain to the surface, and after waiting for it to dry, cover it with several layers of varnish.

As a design solution, you can consider mortise steps, which are inserted into grooves cut into the stringer:

1. Make markings on the stringer where the steps will be installed. Using a hacksaw and chisel, cut out the grooves.
2. Make several 9mm holes in the center of the groove.
3. Screw the turbo couplings into the holes made.
4. Install the step into the groove and tighten with bolts.

When purchasing planed wood, you must consider the following requirements:

• there should be no dark spots on the surface;
• The presence of cracks, chips, roughness and other defects is unacceptable.

Knots (diameter up to 1 cm) can only be present if the material is used to make steps or risers. Also pay attention to humidity; the large mass of the board indicates that you should refuse the purchase.

When making a structure without experience, you may encounter certain difficulties, but your desire and desire will help you achieve the desired result.

Now we invite you to familiarize yourself with the technology of making wooden stairs. First of all, it is necessary to make drawings with individual design details. To do this, take well-dried wood and transfer the appropriate dimensions to it. Several factors should be taken into account:

• The strength and reliability of the staircase will entirely depend on the correct cutting of the stringers. Therefore, their production must be approached responsibly. Moreover, for the stringer it is necessary to select a solid board that does not have large knots in large quantities. The thickness of the board can be 45–50 mm.
• The board for risers can be 15–20 mm thicker than what is allocated for them on the stringer, and the thickness of the riser is also taken into account. The treads themselves should have a perfectly flat surface with neatly rounded edges. The thickness of the board can be between 30–35 mm.
• If you want to make a closed staircase with risers, then their manufacture should also be extremely careful. Its thickness should not be large, 15–20 mm is enough. In this case, the main load will go to the stringers. The risers themselves play the role of support.
• As for balusters and handrails, it is recommended to purchase them ready-made with stationary fastenings.

If you have small children at home, then for safety reasons, install 2 balusters on each step. In all other cases, you can install one at a time.

When all the design blanks are ready, you can begin the most important stage of work - installation of the stairs. All subsequent work looks like this:

• Stringers are installed at the selected location. To do this, attach a support beam to the floor; it is on it that the stringer will be attached. At the top, the fastening is carried out in a cut groove in the beam. In some cases, a metal support is used for fastening. In this case, an anchor bolt is used for fastening. When installing the stringer, be sure to check everything for a level or plumb line.
• Before laying the tread fabric, you should screw the risers.

• After this, treads are fixed with self-tapping screws on the stringers and on top of the risers in the direction from bottom to top.
• After this, the balusters are installed.

So, you install support drains on top of the stairs and below. They will serve as the border of the handrails and also support the railing.

In addition, the support posts serve as decorative elements. Therefore, they are often made using wood cutting.

Balusters, in turn, can have different shapes, sizes and methods of fastening. Some, for example, are simply screwed on with self-tapping screws, others are mounted in pre-drilled holes. But in any case, the attachment point must be covered with a decorative plug. Further work looks like this:

• On top of the installed balusters, attach the railings to the outer support posts. Additionally, you can install 1 or 2 additional support posts in the middle.
• When using two, three or more support posts, instead of balusters, several boards can be installed between the posts parallel to the slope of the stairs.
• At the next stage, you can begin sanding using sandpaper or a sander. After this, the paint coating is applied.

The first layer acts as an antiseptic against rotting and mold/mildew. The structure must dry, after which you can begin the main painting.

The staircase is covered with water-based varnish, hot wax or paint. You can also cover the wood with stain, which will slightly darken the structure. It all depends on your desire.

Thus, the wooden staircase is ready for use.

A ladder made of metal requires a lot of labor, plus not everyone has the skills to work with a welding machine. And yet, if you are ready to carry out work of this kind, then you need to prepare the following set of tools:

• Welding machine and electrodes for direct current Ø3.2 and 1.6 mm.
• Welder protective mask.
• Mittens.
• Grinder and cutting discs 125×1.6 mm.
• Sanding disc 125 mm.
• Drill and set of drills for metal.
• Metal table.
• Clamp that can be adjusted from 0 to 800 mm in height.
• Vise.
• Pencil.
• Square.
• Roulette.
• Metal paint.
• White spirit.
• Primer.

If you have all this, as well as suitable material, you can begin installation work. As for the selection of material, this can be done according to the completed drawing. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the principle of manufacturing a metal staircase on two stringers.

It is worth immediately noting that the entire process consists of the following step-by-step actions:

1. Manufacturing of blanks.
2. Making fillies, i.e. step fastening units.
3. Welding the support corner.
4. Installation of the stringer.
5. Welding steps and railings.
6. Sanding and priming/painting.

All work should be done slowly, strictly adhering to all dimensions of the drawing. Otherwise, any slight distortion will be difficult to correct; moreover, it will spoil the appearance of the finished structure. So, the work is carried out as follows:

• It is necessary to make fastenings for steps (fillies) from the corners. In relation to each other they should be mirror images.
• You can make fillies from a corner. To do this, cut out the samples and join the corners together. The result should be L-shaped blanks with shelves down and inward. Depending on the number of steps, you make a pair of fillies. One of them will be left, the other will be right.
• Between each pair of angles, weld brackets for attaching the step and crossbar. The crossbar is similarly made from a corner.
• To increase strength, you can install small gussets at the bottom of the step towards the stringer.
• Now take a square profile pipe and make markings on it, or rather, on its edge. Using it you can weld the fillies to the stringer. Transfer exactly the same markings to another stringer. As a result, it will be possible to achieve the geometry of the entire structure.

If the metal staircase is more than 1.2 m wide, then you will need to install an additional stringer.

Next you need to attach the stringer. At the bottom it is welded to the support platform, and at the top it is fixed to the floor slab or to the wall with anchors. In each individual case, the fastening method may differ. Therefore, be guided by the features of your opening. During this process, it is important to stay level. Moreover, the two stringers must be strictly at the same level. Finally, all that remains is to weld the steps to the fillets. As an option, you can install wooden steps on the fillies. But for this you need to use fastening bolts.

The topmost step should be installed as close to the wall as possible (if the stringers are anchored to the wall). Next, weld the fence. At the same time, install it on the side so as not to reduce the width of the steps.

When arranging the railings, you can use forging or purchase prepared elements. Here again, it all depends on your personal taste and vision of the final result.

Once all the welding work is completed, it's time to grind all the weld joints. It is also necessary to remove all burrs and nicks. Using a wire brush, sweep away any particles. After this, the surface of the stairs is primed and painted in the desired color.

If the steps are wooden, then their installation is carried out after the paint has dried.

Finally, you can decorate the stairs. For example, cover the steps from the bottom with wood. Fencing can also be made from stainless steel. Lay the steps with ceramic tiles. Due to this, a seemingly careless and bulky design will acquire beautiful outlines and will be an excellent addition to the interior of the house.

Although this entire process may seem straightforward, working with metal is very tedious. Unlike working with wood, when it is easy to correct defects and shortcomings, working with metal is much more problematic. However, the service life of the entire structure significantly exceeds its wooden counterpart.

If we talk about the attractiveness and bright element of the interior, then you can hardly find competitors for the spiral staircase. If properly constructed, it will last for many years. It can be made from wood or metal with forged elements. There are 4 main types of spiral staircases:

1. A design with wedge-shaped steps, the narrow side resting on a supporting central column, and the wide side resting on a wall or fabricated frame. In this case, spiral bowstrings are constructed on stringers.
2. A free-standing structure, remote from the walls, with cantilevered steps on a monolithic pillar placed in the center.
3. Design without a central support column. The support for the steps is curved bowstrings or stringers, which smoothly turn into railings. This option is very beautiful and sophisticated. However, it is very difficult to manufacture.
4. Design with a central support rod (asbestos-cement or steel pipe Ø50 mm can act as a support). This type of staircase is the most common.

As practice shows, the most convenient spiral staircases are those with a span of 0.8–0.9 m wide. As a result, the diameter of the entire staircase structure will reach up to 2 m, this taking into account the central support post and railings. If we talk about the shape of the staircase, it can be round, square, rectangular or oval.

If the traffic intensity in your house is low, then the total diameter of the stairs is sufficient to make it up to 1.5 m. In this case, the treads will have a width of up to 0.6 m.

It is also necessary to consider the ergonomics of the spiral staircase. The principle of the size and height of steps is the same as on ordinary straight stairs; we have already talked about such measurements above. But there are some features, namely a comfortable lifting height for a person. For example, we suggest you consider the option of a spiral staircase, 3 m high and 0.8 m wide.

The calculations are presented below:

• The total diameter of the staircase with these dimensions is equal to twice the width of the flight, and the thickness of the support post is 20 cm. As a result, we get the following - D = 0.8 × 2 + 0.20 = 1.8 m.
• The lifting radius is equal to half the width of the flight of stairs and support: Rn = 0.4 + 0.1 = 0.5 cm.
• Now, by dividing the length of the movement trajectory by the depth of the tread, you can determine the number of steps in one turn: L = 2 π: 200 = 2 × 3.14 × 500: 200 = 17.2. As a result, there can be 17 steps in one flight of stairs.
• It is also necessary to calculate the ergonomic height of the step. This must be done taking into account that a person can move freely at full height. Let's take as an example a height of 1.8 m, add operational 20 to this value and divide by the number of steps in one turn. The result is this: h = 2000: 17 = 120 mm.

If the spiral staircase has a height of 3 m, then to determine the number of steps, do the following: n = 3000: 120 = 25. The result is 25 steps, 12 cm high.

In order for a spiral staircase to be durable and easy to use, it is important to follow the following rules:

1. It is better not to install risers on a spiral staircase. This will increase the safety of the structure, and the foot will rest well on the step and will not slip off the step in a narrow place.
2. If the passage height is 2 m, then even a tall person can comfortably move along the stairs.
3. To install the support post, select a location that will support the weight of the entire structure and 2-3 people.

For steps, it is best to choose a durable type of wood, such as oak or beech. Although it is much easier to buy ready-made steps. For example, you purchase a rectangular step and cut out the required configuration from it. The thickness of the product can be 40 mm or 30 mm. If one step is divided diagonally, the result will be two steps at once. The edges of the workpiece must be rounded and sanded with a grinder. Then you can varnish or paint them. A special bushing should be attached to the step, which will hold it on the support post.

The popularity of wood in construction has many explanations; it is an environmentally friendly material with high performance indicators. Building a wooden staircase with your own hands will require time and certain knowledge.
There are many types of stairs, let's consider the installation of the most popular and sought-after marching structure.

Preparatory work

Marching stairs are divided into two main types: single-flight and double-flight. These two structures can be assembled without the involvement of specialists.

Before construction, you need to determine the following indicators:

• Height between floors;
• How much free space is available to install the structure?
• What is the maximum load the staircase will be designed for?
• Type of railings and steps, as well as their width.

Tools and material

In the process of constructing stairs, coniferous wood is used due to its low cost and easy processing.

Required material

• According to the staircase design project, boards of the required sizes are purchased;
• Beam for steps more than 40 mm thick;
• Beam for stringers 5x25 cm;
• Beams for risers over 30 mm;
• Beams for treads over 30 mm;
• Handrails, balusters, railings;
• Self-tapping screws, screws and anchor bolts.

Necessary tool for construction

• Pencil, ruler, tape measure;
• Electric drill;
• Hacksaw for wood and metal;
• Hammer;
• Screwdriver;
• Planer and chisel;
• Sandpaper with different grits.

Main design details

The most significant element of a wooden staircase is the stringer, since almost the entire load occurs on it. A bowstring can replace a stringer.

The steps are presented in the form of wooden beams. Their design consists of a riser and a tread; the shape of the steps can be different: rotary, rectangular or radius.
Balusters are used for fencing; the shapes can also be varied, everything will depend on the preferences of the owner.

Calculations of details of a marching wooden staircase

At the first stage, the project is drawn and the required material is calculated. Design is the most complex and lengthy technological process, which can be divided into the following steps:

• Here you need to measure the height of the stairs; for this you will need to add the width of the interfloor ceiling to the height of the ceilings;
• It is calculated what the height of the steps and the total number of steps will be. To calculate the steps, the total height of the structure is divided by the height of the steps;
• The most common and convenient tread width distance is 30 cm;
• For convenient operation and to be able to move furniture, it is recommended to choose a staircase width of 1.2 m;
• The length of the structure is calculated by multiplying the number of steps by the width of the tread;
• For self-installation, the clearance height is considered an important size; the figure should be at least 1.95 m;
• The length of the stringer is calculated using the formula: length of the structure x 2 + height x 2.

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase installation

Step-by-step instructions for installing a wooden staircase with your own hands:

The assembly of the wooden staircase with your own hands is completed, all that remains to be done is to treat the wood with impregnations against insects and environmental influences, and then you can paint the structure.

Design features of a staircase with a turn

There are three types of staircase designs with a turn:

• Circular stairs are installed near the load-bearing wall, the rotation angle is 360 degrees. This type is not suitable for marching type stairs, since the structure takes up a lot of space, and the height of the second floor will not allow installation, but for the screw type it is ideal;
• Wooden quarter-turn stairs are installed in the corner of the room, the rotation angle will be 90 degrees;
• Half-turn structures are installed near load-bearing partitions, the angle of rotation is 180 degrees.

The most common design of a staircase with a turn is presented in the form of 2 flights and several steps at the turning point. The middle stage of the turn in most cases serves as a stumbling point.

To increase the comfort of movement along wedge-shaped steps, it is necessary to make special calculations to widen the winder steps proportionally due to the area of ​​the straight ones. The design of the turning staircase will be complicated, but will significantly increase the comfort of going down and going up the steps. To build such a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands, you will need some experience and knowledge of installation technology; it is better to entrust this work to specialists.