How to install a motion sensor for lighting. Motion sensor to turn on the light. How to assemble an IR motion sensor with your own hands

The motion sensor is used to automatically turn on the light in the house. It detects an object moving in the room and gives a signal to turn on the light. In everyday life, it is very convenient to use such devices.

What is a motion sensor and why is it needed?

The motion sensor is a special wave detector powered by electricity. It picks up movement in the room. That is, any moving object, falling into the coverage area of the motion sensor, activates the sensor system, which transmits it to the mechanism attached to it.

The device will not harm your health and significantly save electricity, and hence the money that you could pay for it.

This device has many advantages:

Installing a motion sensor in any warehouse will make your life easier. As a rule, in such premises, switches are located far enough from the entrance. This means that if there is a creative mess in the room, you can easily get injured by tripping over an object.

Multifunctionality is one of the main advantages of motion sensors. Not only is it compact and perfect for any interior, but it can also be wireless, which is convenient. The motion sensor can be used for various purposes, whether it's opening a gate or signaling.

Types of motion sensors

Now there are several types of motion sensors. Before buying, it is worth a little understanding of the characteristics of these devices. There are a large number of them so that everyone can choose a device suitable for specific requirements.

Motion sensors are divided into several types, depending on the place where it is located:

Type internal. This type of sensor is located indoors. You can install it in absolutely any place of the house or apartment.
External type. Such a device works at a distance of 100 to 500 meters. Usually they are installed in the courtyard of the house or in large areas of various industries.

Installation, like devices, is divided into two types:

Ceiling installation type. Such a signaling device is mounted in the ceiling. As a rule, it works in all 360 degrees.
Wall-mounted or, another name - corner type of installation. The advantage is considered to be a smaller break angle, so the number of false responses is reduced.

The power supply of the signaling device is divided into several types:

Wired type of power - throughout the entire period of operation they work well, almost like new. This is due to the fact that electricity is transmitted through wires. The signaling device has a minus - it turns off in the event of a lack of electricity.

Autonomous or wireless power type. It runs on one or more batteries that are pre-built. More modern models are powered by sunlight. However, such an environmentally friendly option requires energy control. It should not be too little or too much.

Installation

The sensors also differ in installation. There are external or overhead, as well as devices that are built in. The first are easy to mount, they only need to be wired. In the second type, the main advantage is the possibility of manufacturing for the interior and the overall design of the room.

To better understand how it looks, you should look at the photo of such motion sensors. Thanks to this advantage, the sensor can be planned already at the design stage of the whole house project. Both types differ from each other in the principle of operation.

Ultrasonic motion sensor

It works quite simply. The waves that come from the moving object are read by the built-in wave catcher. This type of sensor has a long service life and is easy to use. The price of the ultrasonic sensor is acceptable, and it is also resistant to the environment.

However, it has some shortcomings:

Often does not respond to a slowly moving object.
It has a negative effect on animals, so if you have pets, you should not choose this type of sensor.

Infrared sensors

Such devices react to the heat emanating from a moving object, then the light turns on. The performance of this action directly depends on the number of light bulbs that are built into the system. The more lamps, the more territory the device covers.

It is not advisable to install such a sensor in the kitchen, because. there are temperature differences, and as you already know, these devices do not like temperature changes.

The sensor is harmless to animals and humans. The device is infused according to your requirements for viewing angle and sensitivity. Sensors of this type work perfectly both indoors and outdoors - this is definitely a plus. Infrared sensors include 12 volt motion sensors.

Cons of infrared sensors:

They react to heat waves from the equipment that is in the room.
Precipitation and the sun affect the infrared sensors.
Does not react to objects that do not radiate heat.

Principles of operation of motion sensors

The principle of operation of the motion sensor is quite simple. At a time when a moving object appears in the area of the motion sensor, the built-in detector will turn on the relay and with its help electricity will be transferred to the bulbs, thereby turning on the light.

The device works for the time that you specify in the settings. You can select from 5 seconds to 10 minutes. That is, for example, you set a timer for 5 minutes, if during all this time there is no movement, the device will turn off the light.

Even before buying a sensor, you need to decide on its location. The type of device will depend on this. For example, an infrared type sensor will not respond to a person if he has not entered the room. If you want the light to turn on when you open the doors, install an ultrasonic type device.

How to install the motion sensor correctly?

You already know what a motion sensor is, their types, and how they work. Now let's talk about how to properly connect the motion sensor. When placing the device, it is imperative to take into account the dimensions of the room where the windows and doors are located. All this affects the correct operation of the sensor.

Consider these factors when installing the instrument:

There should be no dirt or dust.
Any objects in front of the sensor, especially outdoors, can trigger the device.
If you are installing a wired alarm, its insulation must be moisture resistant.
Mounting the sensor next to or opposite devices that emit light or electromagnetic waves is not a good idea.
Set the desired angle and direction, because the device will respond to objects that fall into the coverage area.
Select lamps should be according to power, take with a margin of 15%.

So, now you know everything there is to know about motion sensors. I hope after reading this article, you have decided for yourself which motion sensor is better to choose.

Photo of motion sensors

Connecting a motion sensor with your own hands is no more difficult than replacing a light bulb or. The device works according to the standard scheme, closing or opening the electrical circuit.

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Purpose

The task of the device is to automatically apply or disconnect the load at the moment when movement is detected, while taking into account the current level of illumination of the room. During the day or in the morning, when there is enough light in the room, the sensor will not turn on additional lamps.

The usual scope of sensors is the regulation of lighting on the streets or in entrances, where light is required only for a short period of time, when there is a person in the space. In everyday life, motion sensors are used to automatically turn on / off the light in a room where they stay for a short time (for example, in hallways and corridors).

Video motion sensor connection diagram:

How it works?

When a moving object enters the area controlled by the sensor, the device measures the degree of illumination. If the value is lower than the one specified in the settings (when there is little light around the sensor), the device closes the electrical circuit and turns on the lighting devices.

The principle of operation of the motion sensor is logical and quite simple, which guarantees the absence of "false signals" and reduces the likelihood of device failure. From the point of view of practical application, all motion sensors work on the same principle and perform similar tasks. However, the devices differ in technical and design features.

Types of sensor design

Devices for recording motion are divided primarily by purpose. Allocate models:

security;
household.

Detectors, or security motion sensors, are used when installing alarms. They are also called infrared detectors.

Note!

Household sensors are suitable for houses and apartments, they are less complex and less sensitive.

There are active (a receiver and a transmitter are used in the sensor) and passive (only a receiver is installed in the device that responds to IR radiation) models.

Household motion sensors

In private houses and apartments, passive sensors that respond to infrared radiation are most often used. The device is either combined with a lamp or spotlight, or equipped with a relay that allows you to connect lighting.

It is household models that are equipped with an additional light sensor. Such a motion sensor device allows it to “decide” whether to turn on the light or whether there is enough natural light. Most models are equipped with a regulator, with which you can specify how long after the operation you need to turn on the light.

Sensor device

How to choose a location for the sensor?

For the device to work correctly, you need to carefully choose the location of the device. It is not enough to provide the necessary "reaction zone", the sensor must be isolated from the influence of external factors that can block its operation or provoke unnecessary trips.

Do not place the sensor near equipment that emits heat or electromagnetic waves. It would not be a good idea to install a motion sensor near a radiator or a heating pipe through which hot water is supplied.

The sensor is effective in rooms where relatively little time is spent - for example, in the corridor. Installing the device in the bathroom or living room is not very convenient - you have to constantly “turn on” the light again, making unnecessary movements.

Wiring diagrams

Sensor connection

Usually the device is connected to the network instead of a switch - the circuit is closed automatically. If it is necessary to provide a mode in which the lamp does not go out after a predetermined period of time, a separate switch is built into the circuit. The connection diagram provides for parallel operation of the sensor and a conventional switch.

In a large room, one device may not be able to cope with the volume of the room. Then a scheme is used with two sensors located in opposite corners, which control one lamp or zone lighting. It is important to ensure that both devices operate from the same phase, otherwise a short circuit will occur.

For cases where it is necessary to turn on several powerful lamps with a signal from one sensor (for example, when organizing street lighting), a connection scheme with a magnetic starter is used.

Wiring

How to connect a motion sensor?

The sensors are connected to a 220V household network - except for stand-alone models powered by a built-in battery. The correct connection diagram must be indicated on the instrument case, usually the drawing is applied near the terminal block.

The letter L indicates the point of inclusion of the phase, N - zero. The luminaire wire is connected to the connector marked with the symbol L'. To connect the device, you need to apply voltage to the first two connectors.

The wire with a plug on the free side is stripped of insulation and connected to the terminals. In case of an error between phase and zero, the sensor will not deteriorate - it will just not work, the power supply indicator will also not turn on. The length of the wire is selected so that the plug freely reaches the nearest. Connecting a motion sensor for lighting in the absence of a nearby outlet can also be arranged using an extension cord - this will not affect the quality of the device.

Connection

Checking the installation

Most household sensors are equipped with a light indicator. The LED lights up when the device is connected to the network and working. In the "standby" mode, the diode flashes at an interval of about a second. If the indicator does not light up immediately after connecting the device to the power supply, this is not yet a sign of a sensor malfunction. Some models require 20-30 seconds to activate and prepare for work.

Note!

When the device is triggered, the frequency of switching on the diode increases.

Thanks to this feature, the health of the device can be checked even without a full connection to the network, which simplifies the choice of a suitable location for mounting the sensor.

How to set up a motion sensor?

Changing the settings of the device is carried out using the handles on the body. Their number depends on the model of the device, usually switches from 2 to 4. Near each knob is the designation of the setting for which it is responsible (letter and symbol), as well as the direction of rotation of the knob.

It makes sense to choose the optimal parameters and settings before mounting the sensor. After connection, especially if the device is mounted under the ceiling, it will not be very convenient to test the settings and change them.

LUX stands for dimmer. This setting sets the brightness threshold beyond which the sensor will not respond. When you first connect, the value is usually set to the maximum.

The motion sensor setting TIME is responsible for the period of time after triggering, during which the light will be on. If the movement continues after the first operation, the timer starts again, so the basic setting usually sets the time to a minimum.

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To illuminate the site in the country, the approach to the entrance, the tunnel, the arch on the street, to bring light to the garage and other buildings use powerful lighting fixtures - searchlights. Modern technologies make it possible to make this type of lighting economical and automatic. Such tasks are solved by connecting a motion sensor to the lighting device. It is not difficult to mount a device that controls the appearance of a person to a lamp. Even a person without special knowledge can perform the work.

Work principles

The main task of the motion sensor is to turn on the spotlight when a person appears in the control zone and turn off the light after a certain period of time until the next turn on. With proper installation, this system saves up to 70% of electricity. In addition, a light device with a sudden switch-on sensor can scare away uninvited guests, performing a security function.

The operation of the lighting device is carried out by connecting to the power supply in the event that the sensor detects infrared radiation that is different from the environment. Using the Fresnel lens, the presence of movement in the controlled area is determined. When the object moves, the electrical circuit closes, turning on the spotlight.

The motion sensor can be purchased separately or in a set with a lighting fixture. The question of how to connect a motion sensor to a spotlight arises during the initial installation of a lighting device or during the reconstruction of an existing lighting system.

Wiring diagram

Incorrect connection of the sensor to the electrical network is fraught with damage to the device or a short circuit. The instruction for the motion sensor necessarily contains a diagram for connecting the device. But even in its absence, connecting the device is quite simple.

Before connecting, you should determine the optimal location of the motion sensor and spotlight. They may differ. The sensor should be oriented to the place of the expected appearance of people. Consider the viewing angle and maximum response distances. The devices should be positioned to allow for the size of the required cable and to easily install the system after verification.

The figure shows a standard connection diagram for devices.

L (brown wire) - incoming phase;

N (blue or blue wire) - zero;

A (red wire) - outgoing (switched phase).

Compliance with the rules for marking electrical wires simplifies the task. To connect the motion sensor to the electrical network, it is necessary to open the cover for connecting the wires on it.

You can determine the phase by ringing the cable with a tester. The phase wire is connected to the sensor terminal with the brown wire. Zero must be connected to both the spotlight and the fixture (blue wire). Then you should connect the remaining IR sensor terminal with the red wire to the free line of the lamp.

It is often useful to leave a switch in the circuit. By connecting it in parallel, it is possible, if necessary, to leave the light on for a longer time than is provided for with automatic control. A diagram of how to connect a spotlight with a motion sensor and a switch is shown in the following figure.

In this case, the automatic inclusion of the floodlight will only work when the switch is in the open position.

There are situations when it is necessary to connect several sensors to the luminaire. This is required in situations where there are several approaches to the illuminated place, or when the coverage area of one sensor is insufficient. In this case, the IR sensors are connected in parallel. The lamp turns on when power is supplied through any sensor. The following figure shows the connection diagram of a spotlight with two sensors.

It is best to connect a searchlight with a motion sensor to a shield with machine guns. However, the cable can be connected to the nearest outlet through a plug or direct contact.

Some spotlights have a green/yellow ground wire. If available, connection is required.

Some lamps are immediately designed with a motion sensor. This is the easiest option. To connect a spotlight with a motion sensor, you need to connect the wires of the device to the electrical wiring, observing the color match.

IR sensor adjustment

Modern motion sensors have two or three regulators.

The first - "SENS" is designed to control the sensitivity of the device. By changing the position, you can set the size of the object to which the sensor will respond, the distance to the object.

The second - "TIME" determines the duration of the lamp glow after the machine is triggered. You can set a few seconds. Experts advise setting 1-2 minutes to prevent the device from constantly working.

The third - "DAY LIGHT" adjusts the sensor's operating time depending on the daylight hours. It is possible to turn on the device only at night, or at any time of the day.

The user determines the position of the regulators empirically. The sensors themselves can move up and down, left and right, depending on the model. This allows you to determine the optimal angle of inclination and the area covered by the device.

Classification of searchlights with motion sensors

The motion sensors on the market can be divided according to several parameters.

According to the method of fastening - wall and ceiling;
Protected from dust and moisture. For outdoor use, sensors with a protection level of at least IP65 are recommended.

Light fixtures can use different light sources. Due to their unreliability and high energy consumption, incandescent lamps are rarely used in spotlights. Until recently, halogen lamps were the most popular. However, the low lifespan and high energy consumption of halogen spotlights lead to their replacement with more modern fixtures.

LED spotlights are the best. They consume less energy and last longer.

The connection scheme of the spotlights does not depend on the light source. However, motion sensors must be selected taking into account the power of the lamps used.

The principle of operation and 4 types of motion sensors for lighting

Motion Sensor captures the location of the object and launches the necessary actions after that. If the device is connected to electricity, then in response to any human movements, the device will close the circuit and turn on the lighting.

This is due to the changes taking place in the thermal field as the temperature rises. The process occurs due to fluctuations in the air in the room.

The principle of operation will differ depending on the type of equipment.

An infrared device detects changes in the thermal field.
Microwave and ultrasonic work with the help of sound vibrations.
The ultrasonic sensor is the most modern, because it scans the movement even through obstacles - through the wall.
The combined device is able to capture several types of radiation at once.

It should be noted that to connect lighting to motion sensor 12v will suffice.

In order for the device to always start functioning on time, you need to choose the right place:

It is best to mount the device near the ceiling or doorway, so you can supply current when a person comes from a lighted room to a dark one.
Mounting the selected sensor in the center of the wall is contraindicated - the door will disappear from the viewing area.
The device should be located further from the windows, otherwise the sensor will additionally have to be adjusted to the optimal degree of illumination.
When there are several doors in a room, several sensors must be installed. But there is an option to mount one, in the very corner of the room. To do this, you should buy a device with a space coverage of 120 degrees.
When installing equipment on a landing, it is best to mount it to the ceiling and above the stairs so that the device picks up vibrations at the bottom and top of the stairs.

Otherwise, the device will not work at all as expected.

3 wiring diagrams

There are several ways to correctly connect the device to the mains. Three paths must be followed:

For each specific situation, you will need to choose one of these connection methods. Conditions are always different and there is no universal option.

PUE 6.5.7;
SNiP 23-05-95.

How to connect a motion sensor

8 steps to connect the sensor

Lighting devices will work correctly only if they are installed in a certain way:

In the room where the device is installed, it is necessary to turn off the electricity. This is done by clicking on tumbler, on electric shield in the house. If the installation is in a multi-storey apartment, then the "box" is located in the corridor.
From the back of the structure sensor carefully remove the cover behind which the terminals will be located. This is done with a screwdriver. There will be small screws at the bottom of the device. They need to be unlocked.
Inside the sensor are several wires with different colors. Brown must be connected to the phase conductor, which is pulled through the junction box. Blue is connected to the neutral conductor. Inside the device is a red or black wiring. Both of them will play a role in the output terminal - it will be she who will connect the sensor to lighting devices.
It is necessary to make a small hole so that the wires come out of there. It is worth noting that after installation, they will not be visible to anyone behind the equipment, so there is no need to worry about the aesthetic appearance.
The wire that will stick out of the wall must be inserted into the hole in the cover, which must immediately be attached to the wall. The electrical wiring must be located exclusively vertically, otherwise it is easy to damage it when fastening is carried out.
The power cable should be shortened, the length should be no more than 7 cm - this is quite enough for proper installation. It is necessary to remove 5 mm of the insulating layer from the cores. This is necessary in order to connect the cable to the device (terminals).
The wire that conducts electric current must be connected to the L, N and LC terminals that are located on the device.
Now the case should be mounted on the selected zone. The terminal block must be placed in a niche that is located on the back wall.

Another important thing to know: When installing sensor, all wires should be carefully bent so that they do not interfere with the assembly of the device.

There are situations when sensor must be connected with a switch. This must be done so that the switch communicates with the lighting fixture and sensor. This is done in the following way:

There is a wire that will stretch from the switch to the light bulb.
You need to connect another one to it, which will go to the red contact.
We take the wire that is located on the other side of the switch, and insert it into the contact, painted brown. It will automatically extinguish the glow.
The wire that belongs to the lamp must be pulled to the terminal sensor movement.

Connecting a motion sensor for lighting

1 operating error

It is worth noting that very often people make mistakes during installation. sensor. Often there are cases when poor contact is established at the neutral wire. This can happen if some construction debris gets inside the device, or the terminals are poorly connected. This forms a layer of soot, which contributes to heating. The contact will disappear due to oxidation.

It is also important to know: 2 nuances about wires.

If a sensor does not work, you must first check all the wires, clean them of debris and soot, if necessary, and then press them with high quality. If the aluminum strands are deformed or broken, then it will cause the entire system to malfunction. To check the condition, you must use a voltmeter - the probe should be put to the terminals. But there are situations when the device does not work even when voltage is detected using the device. Then the lamp needs to be replaced.

It may happen that the light does not go out, even if the equipment is fully functional. To solve this problem, you need to check the time period that is set to sensor. Most likely, the value turned out to be too large and the contact responsible for the functioning of the lamp cannot open. Then you need to set the time delay to a smaller period.

Answers to 5 frequently asked questions about setting the trip time

Often people ask questions about the time that should be set on the device. Be sure to set the correct response time.

Sensor the light that is placed on the stairs must be set for a few minutes, since few people linger more on the site. There should be enough time to, for example, find the keys and use them to open the door.
When installing in a utility room, you should set the time to 15 minutes, because in this room you need to find something, and then take it out.
It is necessary to set the operation delay after sensor captures the movement. To correctly set this value, you should know the speed of movement of a person. For example, if the landlord quickly crosses the corridor, then an abbreviated parameter called “Time” should be compiled.
The "Lux" knob must be adjusted so that the appliance turns on when the light becomes less.
If the room has a lot of windows through which daylight is distributed, it is necessary to equip the room exclusively with sensor, which has the "Lux" knob.
The sensitivity of the device is determined by the "Sense" parameter. Its value will be influenced by the remoteness of the device from the moving person, his weight, forcing sensor turn on. Therefore, in the situation when the device is triggered at the wrong time, it is necessary to reduce its sensitivity. You need to consider upgrading when sensor does not fire when a person walks past it.

Top 3

There are many kinds sensors. But there are three manufacturers. They guarantee quality and reliability.

Theben.
Rev Ritter.
camelion.

Motion Sensor- This is a complex device that needs to be adjusted to individual characteristics. If you ignore the rules, the device will not work in the prescribed mode. There is no need to purchase a device at a high price, since there are not too expensive models on sale, which have already proven themselves in the market as a reliable tool. The most suitable options were indicated. These are the best ones to buy for your home.

Following all the instructions, it is possible to customize the equipment to suit your individual needs. In such a situation, problems with work sensor can be wisely avoided.

In case of malfunctions, they are quite easy to fix on your own.

The problem of how to connect a motion sensor to a light bulb is solved in a few minutes, subject to a clear understanding of the operation scheme and the correct selection of the model of the control device and the lamp. In addition, you will need to think about the installation of the sensor, how to disable and calibrate it, and perform a small test before proceeding with the installation of equipment.

How to make a lighting scheme with a motion sensor

By itself, the idea of connecting lamps to a motion sensor is considered by experts to be the simplest and most adequate way to save electricity in the house. Unless, of course, modern economical light bulbs are used in the fixtures.

In theory, in order to achieve energy savings, it is not necessary to use expensive energy-saving LEDs, for example, in the entrances of houses, in collective areas, in basements, huge hangars and warehouse sheds, you can connect an ordinary light bulb with a motion sensor. The effect of savings will be achieved by limiting the operating time, although maximum savings will be achieved in conjunction with modern economical models of light bulbs. True, not all housekeepers are equally well suited for working with a motion sensor.

What are they, motion sensors

Structurally, motion sensors are designed and manufactured on the basis of:

ultrasonic sensors;
Microwave emitters and receivers;
Infrared LEDs and photocells.

The first two types of sensors can be connected to a light bulb, but this is done only when organizing a security alarm system for large areas, and the operation of automation is in no way connected with the lighting of a dwelling, house or adjacent territory. In addition, microwave and ultrasonic devices in household appliances are not used because of the high cost and the harmful effects of waves on the human body and pets.

The specifics of the motion sensor device

If you want to make a light on-off machine with a person entering the room or after he left it, then in this case infrared motion sensors are out of competition and are best suited. Ceiling devices have a viewing angle of 360 o, wall-mounted ones - 150-170 o, directional sensors capture a sector of 15-20 o vertically and 60-70 o horizontally, which allows the motion sensor to read information only from the doorway.

For other types of sensors, you have to choose a place where you can install and connect the device with minimal interference from the side zones, ceiling and floor.

Each device is equipped with a mounting panel with screw chips, to which you will need to connect the power supply and wires from lamps, a chandelier, a spotlight, a bell or a door lock. On average, the device is designed for continuous operation for 10 thousand hours or three sessions of changing light bulbs.

Most motion sensors are equipped with regulators:

Delay time between triggering the internal sensor and turning on the light bulb;
The threshold for the photocell that controls the level of outdoor lighting.

The range of the motion sensor rarely exceeds 6-7 m, this is enough to solve any problems indoors. If you need to connect lighting bulbs for the local area, then you have to use several motion sensors, limit their capture angle, and artificially increase the range due to horn nozzles.

A typical variant of adjustment points is shown in the table:

"SENS" determines the sensitivity or range of the infrared photodiode, the maximum is 12-15 m in the absence of interference;
"MIK" allows you to adjust the triggering of the machine to a noise or sound, for example, a crying child or a barking dog;
"LUX" is used in models equipped with a daylight photodetector, determines the level of illumination of the sensor;
"TIME" sets the time delay by the timer of the signal to turn on the contactor.

Advice! When buying a sensor, do not be too lazy to check the operation of the machine on all provided sensor lines.

Often, Chinese manufacturers use one unified body of the device to produce models designed separately for acoustic or infrared signals. Information about the differences in the models is given only in the instructions written with a large number of errors. Therefore, even if there are adjustment elements on the panel, this does not mean that the sensor is capable of working with the desired type of signal.

Lamps for vending machines with motion sensor

Older models of motion sensors have a two-pole contact chip, to which incandescent bulbs can be connected at best. This is the most reliable and easy-to-set-up type of device, but if you try to connect an energy-saving light bulb, there may be some problems with involuntary starting of the housekeeper or flickering of the bulb in standby mode. In standby mode, the device consumes up to 1 W of electricity.

In this case, before connecting the motion sensor to the light bulb, you will need to hang a capacitor with a capacity of 0.5-1.0 microfarads in parallel with the lamp contacts.

Note! When choosing a suitable model of the device, it should be borne in mind that super-reliable and inexpensive relay-capacitor motion sensors have a too high lower limit of the on-time.

It turns out that from the moment the infrared sensor is triggered until the light bulb is turned on, you can set at least 7-15 seconds. For large areas, this is not a problem, but for lighting a courtyard and living rooms it is very inconvenient to wait ten long seconds until the lights turn on. You have to move the motion sensor far ahead of the doorway and pull wires to connect a spotlight or emergency lighting.

The second, more modern type of sensory devices is made according to a tripolar circuit, to which any light bulbs can be connected. The main thing is that the current load does not exceed the limit value of the restrictions set by the manufacturer for the device.

If you plan to connect a fluorescent light bulb, then you will additionally need to comply with reactance restrictions. Light bulbs can be connected to the sensor, provided that the reactance value is no more than ½ of the active part installed by the manufacturer on this sensor model. It is worth remembering that the requirements for compliance with the reactive load primarily relate to additional capacitors and the length of the wiring, especially if the sensor is planned to be connected to light bulbs located at a great distance from the device case.

For the manufacture of a lighting machine, it is best to connect LED or fluorescent bulbs. If the housekeeper flashes, you can use a 50 kΩ ballast resistor instead of a capacitor, this will reduce the reactive power and allow you to fit into the limitations of the control device.

Halogen bulbs do not require additional installation, so they can be connected directly, but the resource of a halogen bulb paired with a motion control machine in the case of interior lighting can be reduced to 20% of the standard value.

Schemes for connecting a light bulb to a motion sensor

Information about the purpose of the terminals on the mounting panel of the device and the simplest way to connect the sensor to an existing network wiring, as a rule, is given in the passport for the device or even pasted as a memo on the inside of the removable cover.

The simplest way to connect a light bulb to a sensor

The connection diagram looks like this:

In this case, the tripolar system has three connectors:

L - phase wire;
N - zero conductor;
L I - indicates the control connector through which the load must be connected to the neutral wire.

Not only a light bulb can act as a load, it can be any actuator with a non-inductive load. In this scheme, the device remains connected to the network, regardless of whether the lamp is working or not.

Motion sensor control design

The previous version of the installation of the motion control device has one pronounced drawback. After assembling the circuit, the process of turning on the bulbs remains uncontrolled. The light switcher helps out perfectly, for example, when you need to enter a completely dark room with a non-standard switch location, or your hands are busy with some kind of load that does not allow you to reach the power button.

According to user reviews, a scheme with an additional switch is considered more successful, which allows you to turn off the sensor, while leaving the lamp in working condition.

Or you can connect the switch button in parallel with the motion sensor and not wait 7-15 seconds for the automation to work, and turn on the lighting yourself with the switch button.

Sensor for powerful lamps

Usually, a low-power load can be connected according to this scheme, if a circuit with increased power consumption is required, for example, a heater or powerful mercury discharge lamps, then the connection will look like this.

In addition to the light bulb, an electromagnetic contactor or starter appears in the circuit, through which the main load current flows. You can turn on powerful mercury bulbs, an air conditioner or a fan heater with a button or by a sensor signal.

Connection method for several lamps

If the relay part of the device allows you to switch an increased load, then by reconfiguring the machine to operate from a photocell, you can connect a whole network of light bulbs that are responsible for lighting in the most important places in the building.

Connection option with multiple motion sensors

The more complex the configuration of the room, the lower the stability of the motion sensors. The radiation from an infrared LED, before it hits the sensor, can be reflected and refracted in space in the most unpredictable way.

To ensure reliable operation of the machine, it is necessary to use several sensors connected according to an independent circuit. Most often, the above scheme is recommended to be used for corner areas, long corridors, flights of stairs and entrances with several entrance platforms.

As soon as a moving object, a person, a car, a pet appears in the "visibility" zone of one of the sensors, the sensor is unlocked and supplies voltage to the light bulb. As you move, the devices turn on in sequence, providing a constant glow of the light bulb.

It is not difficult to assemble a circuit, it is much more difficult to adjust the sensitivity of sensory devices so that the operation occurs precisely on the appearance of a person, and not a stray dog or a taxi that has arrived.

Practical problems of using sensors for lighting

It would seem that the simplest task of connecting light bulbs to a motion sensor in practice is often accompanied by a large number of problems associated with the specifics of the device and the operation of the infrared sensor.

One of the problems can be a long waiting time, sometimes you have to wait 5 seconds, and sometimes 15 seconds, before the automation works. Often this is very annoying, therefore, in an uncontrolled device, they try to reduce the response time.

In the simplest devices, the delay time is regulated in two ways:

Using an electronic circuit with a counter and a pulse generator;
Using the simplest design of a variable resistor and a capacitor.

In the first case, it is almost difficult to change the lower delay threshold, it is easier to buy and connect a sensor with the lowest possible threshold. For example, in a cheap Chinese model TDL2012-AC, the timer delay time is adjusted by setting the switches to 5 and 40 seconds. For special cases, you can connect tracks for 4-16 minutes of sensor response delay.

In the second, for bipolar systems, you can connect an additional resistor to the variable resistance, approximately ½ of the maximum rating of the variable. In this way, it is possible to get rid of the flashing of a fluorescent or LED light bulb and at the same time reduce the timer response time.

Incorrect connection and positioning of the sensor

The ability to obtain significant savings in electricity consumption with the help of automatic motion machines in entrances and stairwells has made the "light bulb - sensor" schemes incredibly popular in multi-storey buildings.

In such circumstances, two basic conditions must be met. Firstly, it is correct to connect the motion sensor to the bulbs with separate wiring with a noise filter in the network. Any inclusion of powerful electrical equipment may cause damage to the electronic part of the device.

Secondly, install the receiver of the device in such a way that any moving objects, pets, elevator, sunlight do not trigger the infrared photodiode.

home chandelier problem

Connecting the chandelier to the device is not difficult even for a novice electrician. The switching diagram is shown below.

Structurally, the connection method is no different from the scheme with a controlled machine, but there is one condition. In ceiling lights, chandeliers, sconces, even if they are not planned to be connected to a lighting control machine, it is necessary to use light-diffusing shades or screens. Especially if the house uses halogen bulbs with a high color temperature. This is done so that the infrared motion sensor does not react to the spiral or the radiating spot of the light bulb. In addition, you will have to take into account the location of mirrors and reflective surfaces in the apartment.

Conclusion

The problem is not how to connect the motion sensor to the light bulb, but how to make the whole system work stably, without false positives for turning on the air conditioner, refrigerator or remote control. To get rid of interference, experts recommend choosing a circuit of two or three highly focused sensors or buying an expensive noise-immune complex with a standard tuning circuit.