Armo-belt installation. How to make an armored belt in aerated concrete house. Reinforced belt construction technology - main stages

What is an armored belt and why is it needed?

Modern construction technologies are aimed at ensuring the stability of the buildings under construction, increasing the service life. After all, construction sites are exposed to natural factors associated with wind loads, precipitation, and the reaction of unstable soils. The construction of the buildings under construction needs reliable reinforcement, which is provided by the armored belt - a solid contour of reinforced concrete, encircling the walls along a closed perimeter.

The reinforced belt along the load-bearing walls provides high strength of the structure, increases the stability of the building, and compensates for significant loads. A solid reinforced concrete contour makes it difficult for the building to deform due to shrinkage of the base, temperature and seismic factors, as well as snow cover and wind loads. The creation of a concrete belt reinforced with steel bars along the perimeter of the building makes it possible to form a monolithic frame, which makes it difficult for cracks to appear and increases the rigidity of the structure.

Remove the reinforced belt from the house and the building will not stand for long

There is no need to ask if a reinforcing belt is needed. It is required in the construction of any residential and industrial facilities, ensuring the reliability, stability and long service life of buildings. Let us dwell in detail, for which ring reinforcement is performed, what materials will be required. Consider how to make a seismic belt on your own.

On the expediency of amplification

What is an armored belt and why is it needed? What caused the need to form a reinforced concrete ring contour around the perimeter of the building? What it is? Let's deal with all the questions in order. The reinforced belt along the load-bearing walls is a monolithic concrete contour, repeating the closed configuration of the building and reinforced with a reinforcing cage. An armored belt is being formed to solve the following tasks:

• ensuring the horizontal level of blocks in the masonry;
• compensation of spacer forces created by the truss system;
• prevention of deformation of the main walls;
• proportional distribution of existing efforts;
• reducing the likelihood of cracks;
• reduction of negative factors associated with uneven shrinkage of the building.

Armopoyas - a tape made of monolithic reinforced concrete, which is laid on several levels of a building under construction

There are several factors that can be prevented by a reinforced belt along load-bearing walls:

1. Fixing the elements of the truss structure to the walls of the building is carried out by fixing anchors that violate the integrity of the blocks of cellular concrete. The result of attaching rafters to aerated concrete blocks without a reinforcement circuit is the appearance of cracks, a violation of integrity, and a decrease in strength.
2. Located at an angle to the walls, the truss structure creates spacer loads, which cause deformation of the walls of the building. By forming an armored belt to counteract expansion forces, it is possible to ensure a uniform distribution of existing loads along the height of the building.
3. The reinforced concrete contour makes it difficult to deform the main walls, which have window and door openings that perceive the acting forces in different ways.

The need to strengthen the perimeter of the building is especially relevant in the construction of buildings made of cellular concrete, prone to destruction under the action of bending forces. Knowing how to make a seismic belt, it is possible to form a reliable edging, reinforced with a steel reinforced frame, which compensates for the existing loads, ensuring the integrity of the structure.

Classification and purpose

To answer the question of what an armored belt is and why it is required, information on the types of amplification circuits will help. The stability of the structure is provided by the following types of unloading belts:

Protects the foundation and walls from cracks caused by uneven settlement and frost heaving of the soil

• the basic unloading belt, which, according to construction terminology, is called a grillage, is concreted when forming a tape-type foundation. The concrete belt, reinforced with a reinforcing cage, repeats the location of the main walls. The design perceives significant forces from the mass of the structure and the reaction of the soil;
• plinth edging - the second level of reinforcement, located above the foundation. The width of the contour corresponds to the thickness of the walls, it allows you to proportionally distribute the forces acting on the base. The design features of the belt located between the foundation and the main walls are provided for by the building project;
• the third unloading circuit is located between the upper level of the walls of the building and the floor slabs located between the floors. The one-piece reinforced belt construction ensures the immobility of the load-bearing walls and makes it difficult for cracks to form. The belt provides a proportional distribution of loads acting from interfloor slabs on the contour of the building. It reduces the likelihood of deformations in the area of ​​openings;
• the last unloading belt is located under the roof of the building, it is the basis for the Mauerlat. The rafter system, consisting of parallel roof beams, is fastened with anchor elements at the final level of building reinforcement. A closed concrete contour compensates for the loads created by the roof, which perceives the mass of snow cover, precipitation, and wind loads.

The armored belt on aerated concrete is a structural element that protects the house from all types of loads and deformations. It is installed on the foundation, on each floor and at the junction of the roof with the floor. The design is made of cellular blocks or bricks and connects the walls into a single whole, like a kind of stiffener.

The reinforcement structure is a closed monolithic system that repeats the perimeter of the house. The main function is to protect the building from deformation, ensuring strength, stiffness, reinforcement, uniform distribution of loads. Is it necessary to make an armored belt for aerated concrete?

There are a number of reasons why its construction is considered mandatory:

• the fasteners used in the installation of the truss system are a source of point loads, which provokes the formation of cracks. Similar loads are placed on the walls if the beams are laid directly on the block;
• if a system of hanging rafters is used during the construction of the roof, an armored belt on aerated concrete made of brick or block contributes to an even distribution of loads on the entire frame;
• when a two-story house is being built, including with the participation of other materials, for example, wood, the armored belt under the floor slabs ensures the resistance of the walls to mechanical stress and becomes the floor support.

Due to the contact fragility of aerated concrete, it is dangerous to rely directly on it for load-bearing structures.

How to make an armored belt on aerated concrete - video

All manipulations can be implemented with your own hands if you have at least some experience in construction. It must be securely fastened to the wall array.

Reinforcing cage

The modeling of the frame mesh is subject to the general standards adopted in the conduct of concrete work.

Technological principles:

• the annular frame is formed on the basis of four reinforcement bars fixed by jumpers;
• in cross section, the frame is a square or rectangle;
• a ribbed rod is used for work, longitudinal - 8-14 mm, transverse - 6-8 mm;
• cell pitch - 100-150 mm.

The bars should not come into contact with the base material, which will help with plastic or wooden supports. They will allow the filling to distribute evenly.

How to make an armored belt for aerated concrete from U-shaped blocks

This is a versatile, but more expensive option compared to similar technologies.

Sequencing:

• tray modules are placed on the top row of masonry using an adhesive solution;
• the size of the armored belt for aerated concrete must correspond to the thickness of the wall, not more than 30 cm high;
• inside the block, closer to the outside, heat-insulating material is laid (layer of expanded polystyrene);
• the laying of the reinforcing cage, the pouring of the concrete mix.

The use of partition blocks

The system imitates the laying of U-blocks. The modules play the role of a fixed formwork, the strength of the adhesive mass is sufficient to withstand the load from pouring concrete.

Sequencing:

• using an adhesive mixture, a partition block (100/50 mm) is placed on the top row of masonry. The small block is placed on the inside;
• thermal insulation and reinforcing cage are laid inside;
• filling is carried out.

In a similar way, the construction of an armored belt made of bricks on aerated concrete walls is implemented, which is advisable with a thickness of 510-610 mm. Two walls of the structure are laid out in half of the brick, reinforcement is laid in the resulting cavity and concrete is poured. Brick armored belt can be laid on the foundation, under floor slabs, under the roof.

Using a removable wooden formwork

It is better to choose boards with the most even surface. From above, the armo-belt will turn out to be even

Such an armored belt is most often equipped on houses built on the basis of 300, 250, 200 mm blocks. The frame of the panel formwork is created on the basis of ordinary boards, OSB, laminated plywood. The height of the system should be 200-300 mm, the thickness corresponds to the thickness of the wall.

Technological principles:

• partition blocks 100 mm are laid on the top row of masonry closer to the outer part of the wall using an adhesive solution;
• from the inside, a panel formwork is mounted;
• when the supporting frame is ready and the reinforcement is laid, the M200 concrete is poured. You can use more durable material M300 / M400 if the height of the object exceeds one floor.

An armored belt on aerated concrete under wooden floors can be laid on a double-sided formwork with expanded polystyrene from the outside.

Pouring armopoyas on aerated concrete

The filling must be monolithic, that is, it is done at a time. It is highly undesirable to lay the solution in parts. If the master is forced to act in this way, he must install intermediate bridges of wood.

During the implementation of the next pouring, these elements are dismantled, the joints are abundantly wetted with water, and only then work continues. The mass is compacted, - by manipulating a piece of reinforcement, you can remove the voids that have arisen.

In hot weather, the belt is covered with a film, which will prevent the rapid evaporation of moisture and the formation of cracks. After 4 days, the system is ready for subsequent work - laying rafters or ceilings.

The technology for erecting an armored belt on foam blocks and an armored belt on expanded clay concrete blocks is identical to the indicated methods applicable to aerated concrete.

How to fix the Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt

Is it necessary to make an armored belt for aerated concrete in all cases? If it is meant to build a small house to fix the walls of a gas block with a bar, you can use a simpler method. To do this, metal studs (steel fasteners in the form of bolts with a square base 5x5 cm) are embedded in the wall.

Fasteners begin to be installed 2-3 rows from the top of the masonry. The length of the stud should be long enough to go through the beam.

When a 4-pitched roof is being erected, the armored belt must pass along all the outer walls. If 2-pitched, with window openings on the gables, the belts fit only under the Mauerlat

Armopoyas for aerated concrete under floor beams

The structure is erected along all external and internal load-bearing walls on which the floor beams will rest (the same applies to slabs).

If the arrangement of the cladding is implied, the armored belt must capture the cladding wall in order to connect it with the main structure. If this stage of work is not implemented immediately, but, suppose, next year, work is carried out only on aerated concrete.

Armopoyas on aerated concrete under floor slabs

• when supported along the contour - 40 mm;
• when supported on two sides (span more than 4.2 m) - 70 mm;
• when supported on two sides (span less than 4.2 m) - 50 mm.

Armopoyas in aerated concrete house - how to choose sizes

The parameters are determined depending on the dimensions of the wall structures. The thickness of the armored belt for aerated concrete under the Mauerlat must match the thickness of the wall. For example, a 400 mm wall requires a 400 mm armored belt, 15-20 cm high.

The armored belt on aerated concrete, the dimensions of which are taken into account by the master, responds well to various movements and strengthens the house. For example, when using a cladding, the thickness of a monolithic fill can be reduced by the thickness of the cladding, but with a one-time implementation of work in the armored belt, the facing material can also be captured.

Price

If it is planned to attract a small team of workers for the construction of an armored belt on aerated concrete, the price will be at least 500 rubles / m.p. The average cost of building 1 m³ will be 2.8-3.5 tr.

How the armored belt on aerated concrete is organized in practice is shown in the video:

Armopoyas is a metal structure made by hand from reinforcement. Its purpose is to increase the strength of load-bearing walls and maintain integrity under the influence of natural conditions and during the movement of the soil. During the construction of the house, several such belts are mounted. The formwork for the armored belt is laid in order to create load-bearing walls or ceilings. It is poured with concrete until completely solidified.

The advantage of such formwork is ease of installation, the minimum amount of necessary materials and tools, low financial costs and ease of dismantling. For stripping, you will need to remove the fasteners and remove the boards after the concrete has set. In the future, they can be reassembled and formwork made for another building.

The principle of creating a structure for an armored belt does not differ from the technology of formwork for a foundation or window openings.

Construction for a house made of aerated concrete

According to the scheme described above, you can make a formwork with your own hands for any type of house. The device is suitable for brick, aerated concrete, concrete. Armopoyas promotes high-quality connection of the roof to the frame of the building. In an aerated concrete house, it is attached using additional blocks or formwork. The first option is easier, but more expensive. It is cheaper to make a wooden structure with your own hands. Instructions help to build it correctly:

Scheme of a section of an armored belt in a formwork for a gas block

1. Drill boards with a height of 30 cm to the wall of aerated concrete.
2. Every 50-70 cm fasten screeds to increase the strength of the structure and prevent deformation under the influence of heavy concrete.
3. Lay reinforcement inside with a diameter of 8 to 12 mm. The choice depends on the location of the house. If the walls are exposed to negative environmental influences, then rods with a maximum diameter will do. In regions with a calm seismic situation, you can save on rebar by choosing inexpensive models with a minimum diameter.
4. Lay the rebar on special sprockets, which creates an active bottom layer on the aerated concrete blocks.
5. Tie the rods with wire.
6. Pour concrete, compact and level the layer.

If the formwork is installed for the purpose of fixing the roof, then before pouring the concrete, studs are installed for fixing the ceilings. They can be of any length, but it is more convenient to work with specimens less than 1 meter long.

Experts will help to make the formwork for the armored belt for the house from aerated concrete in case of difficulties. Before work, it is recommended to make calculations to prevent errors and purchase the right amount of building materials.

Nuances when working with a wooden structure

The device of formwork from wooden boards requires a competent approach. If the structure is installed incorrectly, there is a risk of breakage and rupture of the boards under the influence of concrete mortar. To do the work with your own hands correctly, you need to consider several nuances:

• the formwork device consists of boards, which must be fixed with careful control over the verticality and horizontality of the structure;
• the surface of the boards in contact with concrete is cleaned and leveled;
• for reuse of elements, easy dismantling of the structure and prevention of concrete leakage, the boards are upholstered with a film on the inside;
• if you impregnate the boards with used oil or hydrophobic grease, it will be much easier to do the stripping with your own hands;
• boards are not allowed to be reused. If they have been exposed to precipitation, they will most likely be destroyed during re-use;
• a fixed structure is rarely made, more often it is assembled from polystyrene foam blocks, with already built-in fittings. This is laid by stringing elements on rods;
• before work, it is worth making a choice between the initial manufacture of the armored belt and the formwork. In some cases, it is easier to lay the reinforcement on aerated concrete blocks, and then proceed to assemble the wooden structure.

The formwork for the rebar frame is made independently without the use of expensive materials and special equipment. But only competently organized and carried out work guarantees the creation of a reliable and durable structure. If there are difficulties during the assembly process, it is recommended to get the advice of professionals to prevent serious mistakes that could lead to the destruction of the structure.

The reinforcing belt is an obligatory stiffening circuit necessary for the building to be really strong and durable. It does not allow loads to "accumulate" in one or another part of the supporting structures, but evenly distributes them. Thanks to him, the shrinkage of a new house, heaving of the soil and other external factors pass for the walls without consequences - that is, without cracks.

The armored belt made of brick is a small solid masonry, reinforced with longitudinal metal rods or mesh. Of course, this is not a full-fledged monolith, but in many cases such a simple solution is quite enough. The ability of the armored belt to equalize loads comes in handy if the main material of the walls is not resistant to deformation. Products like aerated concrete, even with good compressive strength, practically do not bend. Uneven application of force will inevitably lead to cracking "on the live".

The reinforcing belt solves this problem, taking the main load on itself, and not allowing light walls to move relative to each other when exposed to multidirectional or unequal forces. It is also allowed to use brick instead of a more expensive concrete monolith for reinforcing small outbuildings and low-rise buildings. It will successfully withstand adverse external conditions (strong wind loads, subsidence or uneven heaving of the soil), but at the same time it is much easier to make it yourself - without haste and the need to process a decent volume of solution at a time.

Another of the functions that a reinforced belt can perform is to fasten other elements of the building to the box on the anchor, if the wall material itself is not able to hold them. This is a common drawback of all cellular concrete and expanded clay blocks. Using traditional methods, even a Mauerlat beam cannot be sewn to them without further destruction of the walls. So in any case, you will have to do the separating brickwork.

A double reinforcing belt, laid under the sole and on the upper cut of the columnar foundation, shows itself well. Seasonal soil movements in this case will not be able to “play” with supports, because they will actually turn into a single farm, rigidly fixed with two bundles.

The main types of unloading belts

Depending on the location of the armored belt, it can have different names and take on certain functions:

1. Rostverk - is laid between the columnar or pile foundation of the house and the walls. However, it is not built of brick - too important a site.
2. The basement is already the second level of unloading and reinforcement, which is used in the construction of houses on a foundation of concrete blocks. It provides the base with greater rigidity on moving soils and is also made of reinforced concrete. Although a fairly common option is brickwork, which acts as a fixed formwork for subsequent pouring.
3. Unloading is an intermediate armored belt for floor slabs, which not only takes on their weight, but also ensures the rigidity of the building above one floor at each level. When building from lightweight concrete blocks, you can’t do without it, and here brick is the best way.
4. Support under the Mauerlat is an indispensable element of a house made of aerated concrete or other porous blocks that do not perceive well point and multidirectional loads. In addition, the fastening of the timber itself with the help of studs in such walls turns out to be unreliable even when chemical engineering is used. Here, the reinforced belt for walls made of aerated concrete turns into a kind of bundle between the blocks with which it is connected with mortar and the roof truss, reinforced through a Mauerlat beam.

Features of laying on aerated concrete

As a rule, a brick belt is made 4-7 rows high and the width of the wall being reinforced. Reinforcement is necessarily carried out in each horizontal seam using a steel mesh with a cell of 3-4 cm or a hard wire with a thickness of at least 5 mm. Installation is carried out in the same way as in the case of ordinary brick walls:

• with a seam offset of 1/3 of the length;
• with tychkovy dressing in every third row.

If the armored belt for aerated concrete made of brick serves as a support for the Mauerlat, vertical pins can be immediately walled into the masonry - metal threaded studs with a diameter of 12-16 mm. They are installed in increments of 1-1.5 m, and the depth of their embedding will depend on the thickness of the beam - it should be twice as long as the free end for mounting the Mauerlat. However, many builders advise immediately immuring trimmings to the entire height of the armored belt.

After the mortar has set, a roofing material or two layers of roofing felts are spread on the surface of the masonry. This is a waterproofing that will protect the beam itself and the brick superstructure from the accumulation of condensing moisture. Further, the mauerlat is planned and drilled at the right points, strung on the stud outlets and fixed on the reinforcement belt with nuts for wide washers.

Since ceramics has a higher thermal conductivity than the main wall material, it turns into a kind of cold bridge (although monolithic reinforced concrete in this case performs even worse). So that during the further operation of the building in the winter there are no problems, you can try to “close” the contour of the cellular blocks in parallel with the laying of bricks. To do this, a thin partition from the GB is removed from the side of the premises, as if hiding the armored belt inside the aerated concrete wall. If a gap has formed between the surfaces, experts recommend additional thermal insulation.

Stages of erecting a belt under the ceiling

If a rigid contour under the roof plays the role of unloading and reliable support for the Mauerlat beam, it is enough to lay it out around the perimeter of the house box. However, the use of slabs for interfloor or attic floors will force the middle load-bearing wall to be closed with rows of bricks. Here, aerated concrete can also experience loads, so a rigid layer for its reinforcement is simply necessary.

No matter how light the floor slabs are, it is impossible to rest them directly on cellular or expanded clay concrete blocks. The masonry will be able to support their weight, but when the direction of the applied force changes, it will begin to collapse. The belt in this case serves as a kind of buffer, which distributes the pressure of the slab over the entire area of ​​​​the walls, preventing the supporting structure from being forced through. It is possible to refuse a powerful layer of solid bricks only when the floor is made of wood - here they get by with a substrate for beams in one or two blocks.

Otherwise, the armored belt for hollow-core slabs is built according to all the rules. Main stages of work:

• The first row is planted directly on aerated concrete using a solution. If the thickness of the main wall is standard (30 cm), the laying is done in two bricks, filling the gaps with "checks".
• Installation of reinforcing mesh along the entire line of the belt.
• Laying the second row in the same way, followed by reinforcement.
• The third row of bricks is tychkovy. Here you need to focus on the inner plane of the wall. The gap remaining outside is filled either with quarters or pieces of mineral wool, if an insulated ventilated facade is being erected at the same time.

Under the upper row of aerated concrete, on which the belt is placed under the floor slabs, reinforcement must be laid in the strobes. This will add rigidity to the entire structure and provide the walls with additional protection against cracks. Otherwise, once they appear, they will crawl lower.

According to the above scheme, the armored belt is laid out to the entire required height, after which floor slabs can be fearlessly mounted on it. Anchoring is carried out in the standard way for brick walls - using L-shaped metal brackets. Fasteners for protection against corrosion are closed with a layer of cement mortar.

In this article, we will figure out why we need an armored belt on aerated concrete. The basic requirements for this structural element will be considered in detail, and you will also learn how to properly make an armored belt for aerated concrete on your own.

The armored belt for aerated concrete is a tape structure made of monolithic concrete, repeating all the contours of the building wall. In gas-block houses, this belt is a necessary element that significantly improves the strength characteristics of the entire building.

In order for the reinforcing belt not to be the weak link of the house in terms of thermal insulation, the technology provides for the creation of belts not for the entire width of the wall, but with an indent from its inner side.

In this case, the minimum width of the belt should be 25 centimeters for brick and 20 centimeters for concrete. The free space formed after pouring the armored belt is filled with heaters and closed with a foam block fitted to the size.

Here are the reviews of builders specializing in the construction of foam concrete houses, which will help you get a complete picture of the need to equip a reinforcing frame for expanded clay concrete blocks:

Igor, 49 years old, Moscow:

For the past seven years, my team has been using foam concrete as the main building material, and I have heard only positive feedback from customers about our work.

The number of fans of this material, since its appearance on the domestic market, has grown significantly. We install armored belts on aerated concrete in every house we have built.

I believe that the reinforcement frame is absolutely necessary for foam concrete, and the manufacturers' statements that the strength of the blocks is already sufficient for the installation of any floors do not correspond to reality. As for me, it’s better to play it safe once again and consolidate the work than to bite your elbows later.
Oleg, 45 years old, Rostov:

We build houses from gas blocks. We install the armoframe without fail, especially for hanging rafters and to fix the ceilings from concrete slabs. Recently, he built a utility room for poultry in his summer cottage, using a cinder block as a building material.

It was equipped with a brick reinforcement frame, because I am sure that the “doctor prescribed” it to be fixed to all buildings made of building materials based on foamed concrete.

2.3 Do-it-yourself armo-belt arrangement (video)