What are houses made of. What is the best way to build a house. Pine timber house

Who does not dream of their own cozy house outside the city. Many people move from desires to actions, and begin to plan construction. What's stopping others from doing it? First of all, the high cost of building a house scares. After all, I want to build a capital building that will serve without problems for many years, and will still remain for my grandchildren.

Capital construction is also required by the peculiarities of the climate in our country. And if we also take into account the cost of the land plot, the supply of all communications, then our hands simply give up. But there is a way out!

You can build a house cheaply. At the same time, it will look very presentable and modern. In reality, it is enough to spend no more than half a million rubles to get a spacious turnkey house.

It is only necessary to take into account what factors affect the cost of construction:

1. House layout. You can save up to 20 percent on a project.
2. The choice of house design and materials. The right choice of materials will cut costs by up to 40 percent.
3. House building work. Some jobs can be easily done on your own. That will also allow you to save a lot on the services of specialists.

The choice in favor of modern materials allows you to reduce construction costs because they are easier to work with. Many manipulations can be done by hand. In addition, they have high quality characteristics.

Construction time can also be reduced by using the latest developments in building materials. As a result, the construction will take up to 3 months.

Material for the walls of the house - what to build a residential building from?

There are a number of building materials that meet the requirements for the quality of the building and can satisfy almost any customer request.

The most commonly used materials for the construction of private houses are as follows:

• Profiled and sawn timber;
• Rounded log;
• gas silicate blocks;
• Brick.

First of all, you need to decide how the house will be operated:

1. Seasonal operation. Such buildings are designed for living in them in the summer season. A frame house made of a thin beam or a rounded log with a small diameter is enough.
2. permanent residence. These houses must be heated in winter, the walls can withstand temperatures down to -30 degrees. Walls should be made of logs or stone.

Basic building materials and their cost

A house made of wood is preferred by people for whom the environmental component is important. Wood, as a natural material, allows you to relax, promotes good rest. It maintains a comfortable atmosphere in the house at any time of the year.

1. Choosing a stone house is more practical. The main reasons for this choice are:

• Low operating costs;
• Small heat losses;
• Long service life.

2. You can stay at a combined house when two types of materials are used. It combines the practicality of stone and the comfort of wood. As a rule, the first floor is built of stone, and the second is made of wood.

3. The cost of building a wooden house can be reduced by choosing a lighter foundation. In addition, there is an opportunity in a log house not to carry out interior decoration, which will also reduce costs. This is despite the fact that this material is quite expensive.

The cost of erecting wooden houses depends on the choice of wall material, on the intended use, the size of the building and varies. from 300,000 to 1,000,000 rubles.

4. The cost of houses made of warm ceramics is very high.. These are complex structures with large walls - up to 50 centimeters. This material has very high quality characteristics, but it is possible to build a house from warm ceramics only in the warm season.

5. A monolithic house in fixed formwork will cost less. Construction time is short, a heavy foundation is not needed for it, wall materials are inexpensive, but with good thermal conductivity.

6. Styrofoam monolithic walls are durable and reliable, resistant to destruction. But they require expensive interior and exterior decoration. You can build a monolithic private house of the middle price category.

7. A house made of gas silicate blocks has good frost resistance, vapor permeability, and lasts a long time. The cost of the material is low, but the work is expensive. It requires the construction of a complex foundation. In addition, work can only be carried out during warm weather.

How to choose wall material: brick house?

It should be noted that the cost of building a brick house compared to wooden buildings. In addition, it makes no sense to build such a house for temporary residence. This is due to the fact that it needs to be constantly heated.

The cost of building a brick house increases due to the fact that a capital foundation is needed. The right choice of brick cottage design should be made so that it looks appropriate and aesthetically pleasing.

The brick house has a number of attractive features.

1. Durability and strength of the building. This is a great option for a country house in which permanent residence is planned.
2. High fire resistance. At the same time, reliable communications and engineering networks should be created, as well as properly operated.
3. Extensive range of architectural solutions. It is possible to build a house in any style, from avant-garde to classic Gothic.
4. Many options for both interior and exterior finishes. By the way, the exterior finish can not be done at all.

Foam block walls: pros and cons

According to consumer reviews, there are much more positive characteristics of houses made of foam blocks.

The advantages of this material include the following:

• The blocks are pretty light., maximum weight - up to 25 kilograms. The construction will be easy, which allows you not to make an expensive foundation.
• Installation is simple. You can make it yourself very quickly.
• Environmental friendliness. Impurities in foam blocks are contained in minimal quantities. Thermal insulation indicators are high.

The disadvantages of foam blocks include:

• Unattractive appearance. The house does not look very beautiful, but you can choose different types of finishes to ennoble it.
• Blocks are fragile may be damaged in transit.
• During the period of shrinkage of the house, cracks may appear in the walls.. It depends on the quality of production.
• The service life of a foam block house reaches 80 years with proper operation. This may seem like a short time to some.

Everyone chooses the material himself. In order to make a choice, you can ask around friends who have houses made of materials of interest. There is an opportunity to read the reviews on the construction forums.

Are claydite concrete walls used in private construction

Expanded clay is a durable material that holds heat better than its counterparts. For example, cinder-block walls will need to be made thicker.

At the current stage of development, there are more than 20 technologies by which private houses are built. It is impossible to say unequivocally that this technology is the best, and this one is completely bad. All of them are imperfect, they all have positive and negative points. In order to correctly answer the question “What kind of house to build”, you need to decide on the basic requirements that you place on a home. Under them to choose technology. Everyone has their own definition of the best home, both material and technology.

What are houses built from?

All external walls can be divided into two large groups: inertial and non-inertial. Inertial houses are built from materials with high heat capacity. They tend to accumulate heat, and then radiate it. Moreover, the radiation is in the infrared range. In such houses, even at a relatively low air temperature, it is warm. The feeling is this: infrared heat is better perceived by our body.

The walls of non-inertial houses are a “pie” of materials of different composition and sequence. But they all have one property: the materials have good or excellent thermal insulation properties, but have a low heat capacity. The main difference between houses of this type is that it is not the walls that heat up, but the air and it warms up quickly, but it also cools down. In order to keep warm for a long time, the rooms are sealed. And this has its drawbacks. We will talk in more detail about the properties and materials of both.

Inertial materials

In inertial wall material tends to accumulate heat and remove moisture. To keep the accumulated heat as long as possible, external insulation is mandatory for them. The advantage of rooms made of inertial materials is that in the absence of heating they “keep” the temperature for quite a long time. It follows that such technologies are more appropriate for permanent residences. For a temporary visit - for summer cottages - they are inconvenient and irrational: a lot of time passes until the walls warm up. In the meantime, the walls are cold, the rooms are chilly.

Materials for the construction of inertial houses:

• ceramic brick (solid and hollow);
• adobe;
• ceramic blocks;
• foam block and monolith from it;
• gas block;
• expanded clay concrete blocks and monolith;
• adobe houses;
• cinder block.

The main disadvantage of houses of this type is the rather high cost and duration of construction. Somewhere these shortcomings are more pronounced, somewhere less, but in general they are like this: a powerful foundation is required, the walls take a long time to build.

Inertia-free materials

Non-inertial houses are built from materials with low energy intensity. Basically, these are modern materials and technologies that provide for a multi-layer cake for walls. The main point is that almost all of them have low vapor permeability or do not conduct vapor at all. It's the same with air: it doesn't pass through walls. This means that in order to regulate humidity and ensure the flow of fresh air, removal of carbon dioxide, a competent ventilation system is needed.

The main requirement for non-inertial houses is compliance with the technology and the tightness of the room, and ventilation is necessary to regulate air conditions.

Inertial-free houses are built from the following materials:

• 3D panel, MDM, SOTA - there is polystyrene foam inside the system, and densely reinforced concrete outside;
• Termodom, Izodom - concrete is poured into a fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene;
• polystyrene concrete - a new type of material - concrete with polystyrene filler;
• sandwich panels - more often they build industrial facilities from them, but sometimes, in order to save money, country houses are built;
• SIP panels - insulation (mineral wool or polystyrene) between two OSB boards;
• frame houses - insulation between plywood or OSB boards:
• Vacuum panels are a new building technology that is not yet used in private housing construction, but already exists.

The main advantage of non-inertial houses is the short time and low cost of construction. Since the walls are light, the foundations for such buildings are inexpensive. Since they account for a significant part of construction costs, the overall reduction in the cost of construction is significant. If you are deciding which house to build and the key constraint is money and/or time to build it, you may need to choose from these materials. But at the same time, we must not forget about the design of ventilation systems and be sure to take into account its cost in the calculations, otherwise life will be very uncomfortable, and in some cases impossible.

This is a diagram where sellers of new technologies demonstrate their advantages, "forgetting" to tell about the disadvantages.

Wooden houses

Wooden houses stand apart. These are houses made of logs or timber (regular, profiled, glued). On the one hand, the walls breathe, on the other, their inertia is small. Previously, such buildings could be attributed to partially inertial due to the fact that in the center of the building there was a stove with a large heat capacity. The heat accumulated in it warmed the house until the fire burned.

Building today in wooden houses, few people put a brick stove for heating. Basically it is water heating. Therefore, houses can be classified as non-inertial: if a log of large diameter still has at least some significant inertia, then the heat stored in a beam of 150 * 150 mm is definitely not enough. It is necessary either to add fuel at night, or to install combined boilers that run on electricity at night. There is another way out - to make external insulation. The measure is understandable and quite effective, but only if the vapor permeability of the insulation and finishing material.

Without proper care, a wooden house will look like this

There is another important aspect: in order for wooden houses to have a normal appearance, they need annual maintenance. This means that every year or every two years (depending on the type of processing) you will either have to work with a brush yourself or hire workers. Without this, a beautiful building will turn into black and unattractive. Actually, then there is a way out - to make an exterior finish, and this is still an expense, like the maintenance of wood - impregnations, paints cost a lot.

As you can see, there really are no ideal technologies. To decide which house to build, you need to proceed from your situation, decide on the key points that will allow you to choose the material for the walls and the technology of its construction correctly and with awareness of all the nuances. Let's take a closer look at a few of the most typical home requirements.

Which house is cheaper to build

Let's start with the fact that the cost of building a foundation and a box of a house from all inertial materials of industrial production is definitely more expensive than from non-inertial ones. They have a high density, and this is reflected in the mass of the building, which leads to an increase in the cost of the foundation.

The most expensive house is brick. We will take it as a standard and the cost of construction using other technologies will be compared with it. The next one in terms of cost is from ceramic blocks - about 90% of the price of a brick one. The most inexpensive of this group are adobe and adobe houses.

An adobe house is 100% eco-friendly, warm, and cheap. Fairy tale, not technology

If you have time and the weather permits, over the summer you can make and dry adobe bricks for a very large house. At the cost of materials, they can compete with many modern technologies. Especially if there is an opportunity to mine clay on your own. The remaining fillers are straw, manure, etc. - also either free or cost a little. The only point is that it takes time to make bricks, and it is sometimes more expensive than money - after all, they are not industrially manufactured. Another limitation is the climate - not everyone will have the weather to dry the clay to stone density. So this technology is available for budget construction in regions with hot summers.

More expensive than adobe, but decently cheaper than brick, block buildings. Aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete and foam concrete blocks require approximately 70-75% of the estimate for the construction of a similar brick house. But aerated concrete requires excellent waterproofing and it is risky to use it in areas with a high level of groundwater. Cinder block is inexpensive. By the way, you can also do it yourself. But the service life of slag concrete is about 50 years. Then it will collapse.

Even less - about 30-50% of the cost of a brick house is required for the construction of non-inertial houses. The cheapest so far are SIP panels. They take no more than a third of the price of brick construction. For carcasses - about 40% will be required. But at the same time, the service life is about 25-50 years, depending on the quality of the materials and the accuracy of the technology. However, for this entire group, adherence to technology is key: even small deviations can have disastrous consequences.

Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that the cost of the ventilation system must be added to the cost of all non-inertial boxes. If it works out - natural, if not - forced will be needed (it is much more expensive to install and maintain). But there must be ventilation, and it must be calculated correctly.

The construction of a wooden house will require about 60-70% of the cost of a brick one. But here it is still necessary to include caulking and grinding the log house. You can't get by without them. Want, if a wooden house is immediately planned for finishing, grinding is not required.

What is faster to build

The longest construction period for a brick house (again). It will take at least a year to build. This is if all technical processes will go without delay. It will take about 6 months to distill the box of building blocks from the finished adobe. It is possible to build a house from all types of panels for 1-3 months. The same amount will be required for the assembly of frame houses.

And again, wooden houses do not fit into any group. If you cut corners on the spot, you will assemble the walls for about a month, perhaps two. If you ordered a finished project and brought a layout with cut bowls to the site, you can fold it in a few days. Add time to the foundation and roof. The total will be up to six months. But it will not be possible to enter immediately after the forcing of the walls - before the start of finishing, you need to wait at least another six months or even a year - it depends on the initial importance of the material.

Only a house made of glued laminated timber can be finished immediately. All other wooden houses must stand for at least six months - the wood must dry out and sit down, take on its operational dimensions. The difference in height can be up to 15-20 cm per frame, and this is a lot. Therefore, finishing begins only after 9-12 months. So put the box and quickly move into it in this case will not work.

So, features - the sea. But if you decide which house to build in the country, and you plan to stay there only during the season, there is no desire or opportunity to spend a lot of money, then pay attention to the frame or SIP panels. They are inexpensive and are built quickly. Just study the technology thoroughly: they do not like mistakes.

My home is my castle

If we talk about the fortress of the walls, then brick houses are in the first place. These are definitely bulletproof walls. Sufficiently strong - expanded clay concrete, cinder block, adobe technologies. Their density is also sufficient to stop a bullet. With other building blocks it is a little more difficult - you need to look at the density.

Expanded clay is a good choice - dense enough to be reliable, average in price and construction speed (about 6 months)

Strong enough are obtained at home with concrete components 3D panel, MDM, SOTA, Termodom, Izod. All other technologies are in no way an obstacle to serious shock loads. Of course, you can’t break through them, but they definitely aren’t a fortress either.

As you can see, it is impossible to say unequivocally that some technology is the best. Weigh the advantages and disadvantages, choose the most important points and determine for yourself which house will be built to meet your requirements.

Living in your own home has many more advantages than even the most luxurious apartment. A private home is a place where you are free to do whatever you want. Here you will not be disturbed by noisy neighbors who want to make repairs early in the morning or late. Here you are not at risk of being flooded or experiencing the inconvenience that apartment residents face. Many are accustomed to believing that buying a plot, and even more so building a house on it, is fabulous money. However, with the development of modern technologies in construction, the cheapest technology for building a house has become several times more affordable. Now we will consider the main question: where to start, and most importantly, from what to build the cheapest house?

Preparatory stage

The first point that needs to be determined initially is the functionality of the house. What is it for.

If this is a country cottage for seasonal living, then only materials are needed,

if this is a full-fledged house for permanent residence, then it is completely different.

To decide what kind of house will be, you should thoroughly study the climate and weather conditions of the region where construction is planned. After all, the choice of building materials directly depends on the temperature regime during the year. A house for regular residence must be constantly heated during the cold season, which entails certain financial costs. Therefore, when choosing a material for a building, one should be guided by thermophysical properties: thermal conductivity and heat capacity, as well as shrinkage.

Each climatic region has its own temperature regime, wind speed and protection class in terms of heat-shielding properties. Therefore, when choosing a material and calculating the thickness of the walls, two main parameters must be taken into account: the coefficient of thermal resistance and thermal conductivity.

For each region, its own specially calculated indicator of the thermal resistance of the CTS is used. In order to obtain clarity on the upcoming heating costs, it is necessary to calculate the CTS of the future design. To do this, the width (δ) of the wall is divided by the coefficient of thermal conductivity (λ), which is indicated in the technical specifications of the building material R = δ / λ. The calculated value of heat transfer resistance must comply with the standard.

As an example, consider the use of cellular concrete, which has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.12 W / m * ºС. Let's take a block with a thickness of 0.3 meters and calculate: R \u003d 0.3 / 0.12 \u003d 2.5 W / m 2 * ºС. This figure is below the norm and is suitable, except for construction in the southern regions of Russia. A block 0.4 meters wide gives heat transfer resistance 0.4 / 0.12 \u003d 3.3 W / m 2 * ºС, which is slightly higher than the standard indicator and can be used in the construction of buildings in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The calculation is relevant only when laying blocks on glue.

To determine the wall thickness corresponding to the advanced generally recognized standards in terms of energy efficiency, you can use the same formula, where it will be equal to the product of the heat transfer resistance value and the thermal conductivity coefficient δ \u003d λ x R.

From this it follows that in order to obtain the standard value of resistance λ = 3.2, the thickness of the wall from a solid wood of coniferous species (pine, spruce) will be 0.18 x 3.2 = 0.576 m, from brick 0.81 x 3.2 = 2.592 m, and from concrete 2.04 x 3.2 = 6.528 m. At the same time, mineral wool insulation with a thickness of 140-150 mm complies with the standard: 0.045 x 3.2 = 0.14 m.

Therefore, when choosing a material and determining the thickness of a structure, one should take into account the resistance to heat transfer and the coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Coefficient of thermal conductivity,

specific heat

and the change in linear dimensions for each material is different.

In addition, when choosing a material for building an inexpensive house, you need to study the market for building materials that are typical for this region. Delivery of materials, as a rule, occupies a considerable share in their cost.

Now you need to decide on the size of the future home. For example, do you want to build a one-story house inexpensively or the house will have more floors. What will be the area of ​​the house in relation to the area of ​​your site?
You can calculate the area of ​​​​your plot online.

Windows of standard sizes;

Practical layout without frills;

simple roof;

Available building materials;

Flat small fireplace;

You should also take into account one important nuance, if you have a small plot, then you can choose a simple project of a two-story house. Such a solution will be much cheaper than building a one-story large house.

The cost of a future home is determined by three components, on each of which you can save:

• architectural layout is compact, maximum functionality and comfort and allows you to achieve 20% savings;
• a simple design solution should be rational and not contain any architectural frills will provide another 10% savings;
• modern materials make it possible to use the latest technologies in construction, allowing you to do the work yourself or with the involvement of a minimum amount of outside labor, which guarantees up to 40% savings in the end result.

The optimal solution for a family of 2-3 people is housing consisting of three rooms with a total area of ​​approximately 50 m 2 . A reasonable option would be a 6×9 house, which includes: two bedrooms, a living room in the form of a studio, with a kitchen, a combined bathroom and toilet, and a small entrance hall.
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Layout: maximum functionality and comfort

The main principle of space planning is to extract the maximum benefit from each square meter of space. In our case, this is the ratio of total and usable space. This house, consisting of three rooms with a total area of ​​54 m 2, will fully satisfy your needs in modern housing. Moreover, the ratio of total and usable area (52 m 2) is 96.3%.

But over time, you will want to increase its area. Such a structure is most suitable for transformation. It can be expanded in width and height.

Second option

Important! The construction of the second floor must be thought out in advance in order to lay the appropriate foundation.

Third option, first floor

Third option, second floor

The exterior of the house economy option

Exterior view of the house after expansion

The key to savings: simplicity of design

Designs should also be approached as simply as possible, without additional frills. With economical construction, there are a number of points that must be considered:

• The selected house width of 6 m will allow you to easily install floor slabs. The standard size will not require the construction of an additional load-bearing wall.
• Combining the dining kitchen and the hall into a modern living room, according to European standards, will save on the absence of walls and doors.
• A sufficient width of the walls will be 30 cm, and heat resistance can be achieved due to the thickness of the layer of heat-insulating material when facing the house. In this case, the plinth is reduced in width to 25 cm.
• It is advisable to make the walls in the house from drywall, they do not require a foundation and are easy to install.
• The roof is made gable, without unnecessary frills - this is the most cost-effective design.

Building a cheap house with your own hands is the most economical option

Approximately half of the cost of construction is payment for the performance of work. When building a cheap house, it is more expedient to do the maximum amount of work with your own hands, without involving hired workers.

Why you need to purchase only modern material. Its installation technologies are designed for a simple average person, so construction will not require professional skills from you and will provide an opportunity to save money. As a labor force, you can attract one assistant. If you do not have free time to build a house with your own hands, hire a team of two people with the appropriate qualifications, leaving control over the work.

Another option is the construction of standard projects. Here you do not need to participate in the construction, it is enough to take the finished house into operation, be sure to draw up an act of acceptance of the work performed, specifying the warranty obligations of the developer.
This 6×9 house is a great version of a two-story transformation.

Reviews and disputes: which cheap house is better?

To explain which of the cheap houses is better, we invite you to read the comments we have collected from various forums:

Alexander V.

I want to talk about building a cheap house. And I will touch not only the monetary side of the issue, but also the labor-intensive one. We buy modern materials, preferably in a construction hypermarket, where prices are much cheaper. We discard ideas about buildings from improvised materials (clay, straw, savage stone) as untenable. In the 21st century, we can talk about how walls made of clay and a foundation made of rubble. We are talking about modern housing, not Grandpa Pumpkin's house. We will not even consider the environmental friendliness of building materials. At the time of the developed world wide web, you can find the most controversial opinions about any material.
Hired builders will not be considered either. This multiplies the estimate at least twice initially. We carry out construction on our own, everyone can do it. The issue is the duration of the process.
And so the foundation. When building a house, you can not do without it. The most expedient and cost-effective - strip foundation on piles. The job is not difficult. Every 2m we drill piles, the length depends on the soil, and pour the grillage.
Nevertheless, the cheapest construction will be a frame house, insulated with mineral wool or polystyrene foam. Building a house of brick or sides on cement mortar will increase the cost of the estimate, take a lot of time, as a result we get a cold building that requires insulation.

Bogdan S.

I was going to build a house 6 × 9. For the past two months, I have been doing a personal project and drawing up a construction estimate. I read smart books, I participate in forums on all topics of interest, I watch videos. Now I read it and understand that everything is as you said: the foundation is piled, the house is frame, the roof is slate. Finishing inside: drywall, OSB boards and wallpaper. Of course plus heating and lighting. One thing I can say is that I do not invest in 10 thousand conditional raccoons. A bit more.

Sergei Zh.

I developed a project for a house of 50 m2 for my friend. Nothing special budget option, but house for year-round use. The foundation is solid. Wooden frame house insulated with mineral wool. Outside vapor barrier film, inside hardboard. The roof is slate. Pretty warm building, suitable for winter use. Appearance is not very good. Just covered with vapor barrier. Subsequently, you can sew up the siding. But the budget is the most modest. A friend spent only 4 thousand USD. True, he built it himself, he didn’t even want to hear about any hired brigade.

Looking at my house, I am more and more convinced that it is hardly possible to build anything cheaper than a frame house. I insulated the walls, rollers, the roof with mineral wool 15 cm thick. In addition, I built an attic floor. My roof is the simplest gable, covered with zerolin. Outside finished with siding, and inside the OSB and pasted wallpaper. It cost me a pleasure of $ 9,500.

The frame is the cheapest and warmest, but this does not mean that it is free. Everything is relative. My friends built a house from Sibit. They were happy until winter came. They froze through the winter, and now they are deciding how to insulate themselves and what it will be like.

Of course, the main costs are building materials, which we will talk about in more detail.

Modern building materials - the cheapest way to build a house

There is a lot of competition in the building materials market today. Therefore, by making a small detour of the main points of purchase, building materials such as a hypermarket, a bazaar or a warehouse, it will not be difficult to find the most reasonable price. But different material differs significantly in price.

The author of the article does not pursue the goal of promoting this or that building material, since the site does not sell them. The main thing is that a person who has a limited budget for construction can become the owner of a good and solid house.

Before reading the various options for houses, pay attention to Compared with other houses, it is characterized by cheap construction.

Cheap brick house?

1. Brick.

As many people know, brick is one of the most durable, but at the same time heavy materials. Based on this, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

1. high strength and durability;
2. excellent sound insulation;
3. availability;
4. environmental friendliness.

Flaws:

1. large mass - laying a solid foundation will be required;
2. insufficient energy saving;
3. poorly processed;
4. long construction process.

Modern brick allows you to build any size and design of the house.

Cheap steel structure house

1. Steel strong constructions.

Today it is one of the most durable and affordable building materials, which allows you to build reliable structures, houses, etc. in the shortest possible time.

Advantages:

1. affordable cost;
2. quick and easy installation;
3. versatility - you can build any structure;
4. using modern finishing materials, you can create a unique exterior.

Flaws:

1. low strength;
2. poor and thermal insulation sound insulation without the presence of additional insulating materials.

Steel durable structures are becoming more and more popular today in the construction of private houses.

Cheap wooden house - is it true

1. Log or timber

A modern stylish log house looks amazing, and high environmental friendliness, durability and thermal insulation distinguish this building material from others.

Advantages:

1. high strength;
2. environmental friendliness;
3. excellent sound insulation;
4. quick and easy installation;
5. high thermal insulation;
6. easy to process;
7. relatively small weight;
8. amazing appearance.

Flaws:

1. price;
2. the need for additional pest control;
3. fire hazard without special impregnations;
4. low water resistance.

A modern house made of logs or timber is stylish, practical and comfortable.

Favorite: cheap foam concrete house

1. Foam concrete is the most profitable material for building a house.

A lightweight building material that outperforms others in its characteristics.

Advantages:

1. quick and easy installation;
2. high load capacity and low weight;
3. over time, high strength;
4. excellent sound and heat insulation;
5. light weight;
6. acceptable cost;
7. easy to process;
8. environmental friendliness.

Disadvantages:

1. the first few years after manufacture has a low strength;
2. the porous structure of foam concrete will require additional finishing work;
3. hot in the summer.

Foam concrete is the cheapest way to build a house.

We looked at some of the most affordable building materials that can be used to build an inexpensive home. Today they are also widely used: twin blocks, monolith, ceramic stone, etc.

For example, the cost of a one-story frame house with two rooms, a kitchen, a living room and a bathroom will cost 600-700 thousand rubles. Thus, the cheapest frame houses can be built for relatively little money.

The cost of building a house of the same area can vary by two or more times.

You can reduce the construction budget if you invest your own labor, knowledge, energy, and talents in this business.

A low-cost home should not be:

• Very small. Its size should meet the needs of your family.
• Uncomfortable. It should match the lifestyle of your family.
• Low quality. You can use cheaper, but solid traditional solutions. As a rule, such solutions turn out to be easier to implement.

What can you save on

1. You can save a lot by choosing a house design, which should have economical solutions for the layout and structural elements of the house.

Architects who offer ready-made projects are not interested in the cost of the house. Their task is to charm the developer with a beautiful facade and sell the project.

A beautiful picture acts like a drug - the developer decides at all costs build a large, complex and therefore very expensive house.

The project of an inexpensive house is a one-story house with a gable roof on a shallow foundation with floors on the ground. Total area 123 m 2 . The house has no interior load-bearing walls. There is no attic floor - the suspended ceiling is attached to the roof trusses. The slope of the roof slopes is 20 o. In summer, the living area increases due to the large, more than 20 m², fully covered and protected by walls of the terrace, pos.13.

The project of an inexpensive house is:

Rectangular in plan house with a gable roof;
a one-story house without an expensive interfloor ceiling, stairs and numerous windows;
a house without a basement, because if it is available, expenses will increase by at least 30%;
house on low and;
a house without unusual elements - bay windows, arched windows, tympanums, columns, balconies, pilasters, stairs, two-level rooms, winter gardens;
a roof with two, in extreme cases, five slopes (sometimes there are fifteen of these slopes!). Corners, valleys, lucarnes, skylights and a lot of tin elements - such a roof can cost 40% of construction costs;
outer walls, the most simple in construction;
windows of standard size;
simple interior and exterior wall decoration;
traditional cement-lime plaster facade.

The simple form of the house is the epitome of the ultra-modern architectural style of the Barn house. A distinctive feature of the style is exquisite conciseness, which is achieved by the right choice of proportions, as well as the texture and color of the exterior finish, in harmony with the surrounding space.

Dedicate maximum time and energy to choosing an economical home design.

Read articles on choosing the main parameters of a house project:

2. On finishing work. The “minimum” option: walls with traditional plaster or, on the floor - laminate, in the bathroom - simple plumbing.

3. On materials. You can entrust the construction contractor with choosing, purchasing and delivering materials to the construction site - you have less worries. But If you want to save money, then take this job on yourself.

You can buy well-known brand name materials, or purchase the same materials from local or lesser-known manufacturers. Moreover, they will not be inferior in quality to the first, but their price will be lower. To save money and not make a mistake in choosing, collect all available information about the manufacturer, prices in the construction market in your and neighboring city, as well as reviews about the quality of the product.

However, remember the basic rule of the market - quality costs money.

Many sellers give seasonal discounts from the price during the period when the demand for building materials falls. This usually happens from November to February. Keep an eye on prices and purchase expensive materials during this period.

From what to build a house, from what material?

SNiP 23-02-2003 proposes to carry out, by making appropriate calculations, the optimization of the building envelope according to.

For different designs of house shells (walls, floors), the total cost of construction is calculated 1 m 2 wall or floor surfaces rub / m 2. Then the heating costs of a house built using these different shell designs are determined. For each design, a payback period is found - the period of time for which the construction costs will pay off.

In different regions, depending on the cost of the fuel and building materials used, as well as the severity of the climate, different results are obtained for the payback period of a particular wall or floor structure.

If you do not have certain preferences from what to build a house, then ask local designers for the results of such calculations. Choose the design of walls and ceilings with the shortest payback period for construction costs in your area.

Calculations and construction practice show that in places with a harsh climate and (and) expensive fuel it is more profitable to invest in highly effective heaters.

In harsh climates or when heating with electricity, it is advantageous build double walls with a thin, but strong, and therefore relatively cheap, bearing layer (, etc.) masonry thickness 180-250 mm. and insulate them with a rather thick layer of effective insulation - 100-300 mm.

In areas with very severe winters in a double layer wall it may turn out to be advantageous to lay the bearing part from less durable, but more "warm" blocks: aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam concrete or porous ceramics, density 600 - 1200 kg / m 3. Such a solution will reduce the thickness of the layer of highly efficient insulation, but due to the lower strength of the wall material, it will be necessary to increase the thickness of the walls.

One square meter frame wall contains the maximum amount of highly effective insulation. This is perhaps the most profitable wall construction in terms of construction cost recovery.

Frame wall of an inexpensive house for a harsh climate:

• Between the racks of the frame, a plate of mineral wool insulation with a density of at least 45 kg / m 3, thickness 100-200 mm.
• Outside insulation boards made of extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) or foam plastic or facade boards made of mineral wool with a density of at least 125 kg / m 3, thickness 40 - 100 mm.

However, the frame house has, which not all developers like.

It is profitable to build a house with frame walls and in areas with less severe winters. The outer layer of insulation on the frame wall in areas with a milder climate can be omitted.

In areas with mild winters less expensive are houses with light, warm porous ceramics or without additional insulation and masonry thickness not more than 510 mm.

Wooden walls made of timber or logs in most climatic zones of Russia do not provide modern requirements for heat saving. The wooden walls of houses for year-round use need additional insulation.

In the comments, please, justify your choice: cheaper, warmer, more durable, etc.

More articles on this topic:

What materials are best for building a house? What materials are cheaper and better? These questions are of concern to every person who has begun such an important period of his life as the construction of his own home, and an exhaustive answer to them is growing in this section of our site.

When planning the construction of your own house, it is very important to choose the right materials, this will not only allow you to get the desired result, but also save money and time. You will learn not only what materials are available on the modern market and how to use them correctly in construction.

If you are the owner of a construction company and want to keep up with the times and be aware of the latest in this area, in this article you will find reviews of materials that are just emerging and starting to gain popularity.

The process of building a house can be divided into just 3 main stages: foundation, walls and roof. This is the so-called “box”, which needs to be given special attention, since this is the main foundation of the house and the reliability and durability of the structure depends on its quality.

Also, the choice of materials for the walls and roof affects the aesthetic appearance of the house, so you need to consider whether further exterior decoration is planned or the walls will be finished additionally.

What to consider when choosing

• Price- for most people, this is the main indicator when choosing. It should be understood that cheap materials are not always worse than expensive ones. There may be brand promotion, imported or domestic material, etc.
• Labor cost when using- it often happens that expensive material is easier to work with, and this saves on the work of the master. You also need to take into account the time of work with materials and all the costs associated with this.

For example, buy ready-made concrete or prepare it directly on the construction site? Ready-made concrete will be more expensive, but you will save a lot of time. If you make the mixture yourself, you will save money, but waste time. If you hire workers to cook it, spend money on paying them. So making an unambiguous choice is not always easy and you need to consider the situation from all sides.

• Quality- the reliability and strength of the entire structure, as well as the overhaul period, depend on this. Therefore, it is impossible to save on this material indicator, although many construction companies often ignore this fact.

The issue of quality is also not always unambiguous, for example, a brick from one factory can be of different quality in different batches, it all depends on the clay used to make it. Also, manufacturers do not always follow manufacturing technologies, trying to save money. Therefore, the purchase of such materials should be carried out with an experienced specialist..

• Additional expenses- this may include the cost of subsequent finishing, which in general can be more expensive than using a more expensive initial material that does not require additional finishing. You also need to take into account the need for delivery, loading and unloading with a crane, etc., which will affect the final cost.

What materials are available and which ones are best to use

brick house

A lot of materials are used to build a house. However, not all of them have passed the test of time and deserve attention. Let's look at only the most popular, reliable and affordable for a person with an average income.

Brick

ceramic brick

The most common material for building walls, used both in private construction and in the construction of multi-storey buildings. It has been used for more than one hundred years, so the masonry technology has already passed all possible quality checks. But, any material has its pros and cons, Let's look at them.

After looking at the advantages and disadvantages, you can already decide whether this material is suitable for your task and capabilities. But, you also need to know what types of bricks are.

Ordinary brick laying

According to the material of manufacture, the brick is divided into:

• ceramic (red) - made of clay;
• silicate (white) - made of lime and sand.

Red brick is divided into two types according to the type of use, these are:

• Private- the cheapest, designed for laying walls for further finishing. This is the main building material, where small chips, cracks or potholes are allowed.
• Facial- this is a brick without defects, intended for external, sometimes internal, wall decoration. It can be of various colors, with a smooth or decorative front. It costs several times more than an ordinary one and requires skill to lay it.

silicate brick

Silicate is considered universal, it is divided only by grade, it can be used both with and without subsequent finishing. The density of this brick is greater than that of ceramic, but it is more fragile. The disadvantage is its low moisture resistance and thermal insulation qualities. The masonry has a less attractive appearance.

Marking

Brick marking is the letter “M” and a number next to it (from 75 to 300). This is an indicator of the load in kilograms per square centimeter that it must withstand. The higher this indicator, the stronger the material, but also heavier.

• For the foundation and base, use M150 or M175.
• For building walls up to 3 floors M100 or M125.
• For building walls above 3 floors M150 or M175.

Grades with higher strength are not used in private construction; as a rule, these will be buildings that require increased strength.

For laying bricks, cement mortar or special ready-made mixtures are used. This is an additional cost item that must be taken into account when choosing this material.

Construction of wooden houses

By prescription, only wood can compete with brick. This is a natural material that began to be used for construction even before the advent of clay processing technologies.

Thanks to the development of technology, the process of wood processing has become much easier and faster, which makes it possible to implement complex projects. A wooden house now is no longer a log house with four walls, but a beautiful, modern building.

For the construction of modern houses, wood is used in the form of rounded logs or in the form of glued beams of a certain section. The technology of frame construction is also used. Consider the pros and cons of this material.

As you can see, this material has much more advantages than disadvantages. However, some disadvantages can also be eliminated by using special formulations and impregnations, which can be purchased without problems on the modern market. Eliminating them by 100% will not work, but it is quite possible to significantly reduce them.

The use of round logs

rounded log

The item is made of a single log, which is processed on a special lathe. It is given an exact cylindrical shape of a given diameter, usually 200mm. Such a house preserves the natural appearance of the material as much as possible, which makes the building very similar to an old log house in a modern design. It looks very nice, especially if you are a connoisseur of natural materials.

Disadvantages, as in all materials, they are. The log is processed as a whole, therefore natural wood defects such as knots, cracks, mold, etc. cannot be avoided. You can select better material, but you will not see what is inside the log.

The use of glued laminated timber

Glued laminated timber

Such material is more expensive than rounded logs, but it also contains fewer defects. Timber is made from already dried boards to dried to 10-18% moisture, pre-processed to the required size and glued into timber. Further, a profile with a section of 200-230 mm is attached to it on a milling machine and it is ready for work. The house is assembled like a constructor, very quickly and reliably.

The beam solves the main problem of using wood, this is shrinkage. No need to wait 3-5 months for the material to dry and shrink, as it has already been dried. But, it is necessary to wait at least 1 month before the next work for the material to undergo climatic adaptation.

Frame technology

The frame of the house is made of building timber. Rafters, racks, trusses and other elements are installed. They are connected using mounting metal corners and self-tapping screws.

• wooden lining,
• OSB boards,
• siding.

This technology is the cheapest for building a house, while the fastest.

Advantages In addition to all the advantages of using wood, the frame technology has several advantages: easy dismantling and redevelopment of walls, the ability to hide all communications inside the walls.

Main disadvantages technologies: low strength relative to timber or logs, the need for additional front finishing.

Cinder blocks, ceramic blocks and foam blocks

Block types

These materials are often used in construction as they are relatively inexpensive. A large number of types of these blocks are presented on today's building materials market, I wrote more about them in this article and now I don’t want to repeat them.

The block is 50 x 24.8 x 23.8 cm in size, weighs 25 kg, and is equal in volume to 15 bricks of 3.3 kg each. It is easier and faster to lay one such plate, and less mortar is needed. The blocks are 20-25 cm wide. Their length can be from 25 to 60 cm, depending on the type.

I will describe in general the pros and cons of their use, they are relatively common for all types of blocks:

Advantages:

• Low cost of materials.
• Fast construction speed.
• Large selection of colors and sizes.
• Resistant to corrosion, mold and mildew.
• Good heat and noise insulation.
• Not combustibility.

Flaws:

• For masonry, an experienced master is needed.
• Low vapor permeability due to the porosity of the material.

For laying blocks, as well as bricks, a mortar or adhesive mixture is used, but in a smaller amount, since their size is several times larger, which means that the number of seams is less.

Ceramic blocks

This material is considered the most environmentally friendly of all types of blocks, which is why it is so popular in many European countries. Made from clay, no chemicals added. Due to its cellular structure, it retains heat well, thermal conductivity is from 0.14 to 0.29 watts per square meter per degree Celsius . This material costs more than other types of blocks, the speed of building construction is approximately the same.

Use of concrete

Monolithic construction

Technology, as a rule, is used for the construction of multi-storey buildings and is used by large construction companies. It has established itself as reliable, fast and inexpensive. But, for the use of concrete, it is necessary to have such equipment as formwork, with the help of which a form is built where the mixture will be poured.

The exception is the finished reinforced concrete products:

• foundation blocks,
• floor slabs,
• Wall panels.
• Beams, columns, etc.

They are delivered ready to site and ready to use. With the help of such elements, it is possible to significantly speed up the process, however, their use requires loading and unloading equipment, since the weight of them is measured in hundreds of kilograms or even tons. Read more about the use of concrete in construction here.

Table of the ratio of the cost of material and the period of construction of the house

* It should be understood that the table shows approximate prices for the period of 2016. They may differ in different regions. Material or work may change in price over time (which is why the price is in dollars).

The price also depends on the thickness of the walls, the table was compiled based on the most common masonry thickness.

Video review of materials