Speech sounds are obtained through a whole complex of kinemas (movements of the articulatory organs). Correct pronunciation all kinds of sounds largely depends on the strength, mobility, as well as the differentiated work of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. That is the pronunciation speech sounds- this is a rather difficult motor skill that will help develop articulation exercises.
The main goals of articulation gymnastics
You can observe how the baby makes various (facial and articulatory) movements with the tongue, jaw and lips. At the same time, characteristic sounds are reproduced - babble and muttering. This is the first stage in the development of the speech of each person. He has great importance. In children, such movements are developed and develop gradually. They value strength, precision and differentiation.
A set of exercises articulatory gymnastics will help to develop and develop full-fledged movements, which is important for the correct reproduction of speech sounds.
It consists of a huge number of exercises aimed at training the mobility of organs, working out various positions of the lips, soft palate and tongue.
Firstly, articulatory gymnastics should be performed every day. This contributes to the qualitative assimilation and consolidation of the developed skills in children. It is recommended to do articulation exercises three or four times a day, for about 5 minutes. No need to load baby large quantity new exercises immediately. It is enough for 2-3 exercises at a time.
Secondly, the exercise is performed not once, but several times (about five). should be done for 10-15 seconds.
Thirdly, it is necessary to competently approach the selection of exercises and take into account the traditional sequence: from simple to complex. It is better to spend 3-4 years in a playful way, fun and emotionally.
Fourth, new exercises should be introduced gradually, one at a time. Don't forget to review and reinforce what you've learned. You should not start new exercises if the previous tasks are not performed very well. work out old stuff possible with new game techniques.
And, fifthly, it is better to perform articulatory gymnastics while sitting. In this position, the body, arms and legs do not tense in children. It will be easier for children to complete new tasks if they see themselves and the leader. This will require a wall mirror. You can start gymnastics with exercises for the lips.
Organizing time
When explaining a new exercise, an adult should use game techniques as much as possible. Then comes the visual demonstration. After that, under the supervision of an adult, it is performed by a child.
When children perform articulation exercises, it is important to control the quality of movements. It is important to consider the symmetry of both sides of the face. Without this, articulatory gymnastics is absolutely meaningless.
Each exercise must be approached creatively.
At first, the movements will be tense. Gradually they will become more free, organic and coordinated.
The complex of articulation exercises should include both static and dynamic tasks.
Lip exercises
There are a huge number of them. This is:
- Smile - lips are held in a smile, teeth should not be visible.
- Proboscis - lips are pulled forward with a long tube.
- Fence - a smile with closed teeth.
- Bagel - round and stretch lips forward. The teeth must be closed.
- Rabbit - the exercise is performed with closed teeth. Raise the upper lip, exposing the corresponding incisors.
Tasks for the development of lip mobility
Articulation exercises for children should also be aimed at developing lip mobility. This is:
- Scratching and biting with the teeth of both lips.
- Pull lips forward with a tube. Then stretch them into a smile.
- Pull out the lips with a tube. Rotate them in a circular motion, move left and right.
- Imagine yourself as a fish that talks. Clap your lips against each other.
- Take the nasolabial fold of the upper lip with two fingers of one hand, and the lower lip with the thumb and forefinger of the other. Stretch them up and down.
- "Kiss". The cheeks are pulled inward, after which the mouth opens sharply with a characteristic sound.
- "Duck". Massage the elongated lips with your fingers, trying to depict a beak. Wherein thumbs both hands should be under the lower lip, and the other - on the upper.
- "Unhappy Horse" Try to make a sound like a horse snorting.
Static and dynamic exercises for the language
High-quality articulation is impossible without hard work. Among the static exercises, the following can be distinguished:
- Chicks. Open your mouth wide, while the tongue lies motionless.
- Spatula. The mouth should be open, stick out the tongue, relax it and lower it in a wide position on the lower lip.
- Cup. Open your mouth wide. Stick out the tongue, while lifting the front and side edges. The tongue should not touch the teeth.
- Sting. Push forward a narrow tense tongue.
- Slide. Raise the back of the tongue up, while the tip should rest firmly against the lower incisors.
- Tube. Bend up the side edges of the tongue.
- Fungus. Stick your tongue to the palate.
A set of articulation exercises should include dynamic tasks:
- Pendulum. Slightly open your mouth and stretch your lips into a smile. Touch the corners of your mouth with the tip of your tongue.
- Football. The mouth must be closed. With a tense tongue, alternately rest against one or the other cheek.
- Teeth cleaning. Close your mouth. Circle the movement of the tongue in a circle and lips.
- Horse. Tongue stick to the sky, then click the tongue. Click hard and slowly.
- Delicious jam. Open your mouth and lick your upper lip with your tongue.
Articulation exercises for the sound "r"
The first exercise is called "Whose teeth are cleaner." To do this, open your mouth wide and inside upper teeth to move (left-right) with the tip of the tongue.
The second is "Malyar". Open your mouth, stretch your lips in a smile. Move the tip of the tongue back and forth across the palate.
The third - "Who will drive the ball further." The exercise is done with a smile. Make the language wide. Put its edge on the lower lip and try to pronounce the sound “f” for a long time. Then put the cotton on the table and blow it to the opposite side.
These are just some articulation exercises for the “r” sound that will help you develop the correct movements of the tongue, its mobility, lifting, etc.
The tasks presented in the article will help strengthen and develop certain skills in children. Articulation exercises require a competent and creative approach of an adult. Be sure to perform them in a playful way, do not forget to say the names of each of them, which will cause direct associations. And then the children will be interested in doing a variety of exercises.
1. Biting, patting and rubbing the cheeks. 2. Fed up hamster. Inflate both cheeks, then inflate the cheeks alternately. 3. Hungry hamster. Pull in your cheeks. 4. The mouth is closed. To beat with a fist on inflated cheeks, as a result of which the air comes out with force and noise.
Static exercises for the tongue
1. Chicks. The mouth is wide open, the tongue lies quietly in the oral cavity. 2. Spatula. The mouth is open, a wide relaxed tongue lies on the lower lip. 3. Cup. The mouth is wide open. The anterior and lateral edges of the wide tongue are raised, but do not touch the teeth. 4. Needle (Arrow. Sting). The mouth is open. Narrow tense tongue pushed forward. 5. Gorka (Kiska is angry). The mouth is open. The tip of the tongue rests on the lower incisors, the back of the tongue is raised up. 6. Tube. The mouth is open. The lateral edges of the tongue are bent up. 7. Fungus. The mouth is open. Tongue stick to the palate.
Dynamic exercises for the tongue.
1. Clock (Pendulum). The mouth is open. Lips stretched into a smile. With the tip of a narrow tongue, alternately stretch under the teacher's account to the corners of the mouth. 2. snake. The mouth is wide open. The narrow tongue is strongly pushed forward and removed deep into the mouth. 3. Swing. The mouth is open. With a tense tongue, reach for the nose and chin, or for the upper and lower incisors. 4. Football (Hide the candy). The mouth is closed. With a tense tongue, rest against one or the other cheek. 5. Teeth cleaning. The mouth is closed. Circle the tongue between the lips and teeth in a circular motion. 6. Coil. The mouth is open. The tip of the tongue rests on the lower incisors, the lateral edges are pressed against the upper molars. A wide tongue rolls out forward and retracts deep into the mouth. 7. Horse. Suck the tongue to the palate, click the tongue. Click slowly and strongly, pull the hyoid ligament. eight. Harmonic. The mouth is open. Tongue stick to the palate. Without lifting the tongue from the palate, strongly pull down the lower jaw. nine. Painter. The mouth is open. With a wide tip of the tongue, like a brush, we lead from the upper incisors to the soft palate. ten. Delicious jam. The mouth is open. Lick the upper lip with a wide tongue and remove the tongue deep into the mouth. eleven. Let's lick our lips. The mouth is open. Lick first the upper, then the lower lip in a circle.
Exercises for the development of mobility of the lower jaw
1. Cowardly chick. Open and close your mouth wide so that the corners of your lips stretch. The jaw drops to about two finger widths. The "chick" tongue sits in the nest and does not protrude. The exercise is performed rhythmically. 2. Sharks. At the count of "one" the jaw drops, at "two" - the jaw moves to the right (mouth is open), at the count of "three" - the jaw is lowered into place, at "four" - the jaw moves to the left, at "five" - the jaw is lowered, on "six" - the jaw moves forward, "seven" - the chin is in the usual comfortable position, the lips are closed. You need to do the exercise slowly and carefully, avoiding sudden movements. 3. Imitation of chewing with a closed and open mouth. 4. Monkey. The jaw goes down with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin. 5. Angry lion. The jaw goes down with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin and the mental pronunciation of the sounds a or e on a solid attack, more difficult - with a whisper pronunciation of these sounds. 6. Strongman. The mouth is open. Imagine that a weight is hung on the chin, which must be lifted up, while raising the chin and tensing the muscles under it. Gradually close your mouth. To relax. 7. Put your hands on the table, put your palms on top of each other, rest your chin on your palms. Opening your mouth, press your chin on the resisting palms. To relax. 8. Lower the jaw down overcoming resistance (an adult holds a hand under the child's jaw). 9. Open the mouth with the head tilted back overcoming the resistance of the adult's hand lying on the back of the child's head. ten. Teasers. Widely, often open your mouth and say: pa-pa-pa. 11. Silently, lingeringly (on one exhale), say the vowels: oo(the distance between the teeth is one finger); iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii (mouth slightly open). 12. Произнесите гласные звуки с голосом: аaaaaaaaaaaaa яяяяяяяяяяяяяя ооооооооооооо ёёёёёёёёёёёёё иииииииииииии 13. Слитно и протяжно произнесите несколько гласных звуков на одном выдохе: аааааэээээ аааааеееее аааааиииии иииииааааа ооооояяяяя аааааииииииооооо иииииээээээааааа аааааиииииэээээоооооо и т.д. Make sure that when pronouncing sounds, the opening of the mouth is sufficiently full. 14. Say proverbs, sayings, tongue twisters that are saturated with vowel sounds that require a wide opening of the mouth. Mal, yes removed. Two of a Kind. Found a scythe on a stone. Know the edge, don't fall. What is the fisherman, such is the fish. A rolling stone gathers no moss. The snake is stingy, the hedgehog has a hedgehog. In the process of doing the exercises, make sure that the lower jaw falls freely down, first pronounce vowel sounds a little underlined.
Preparatory exercises (articulation gymnastics) for children 2-4 years old.
Exercises for lips and cheeks
1. Cheek massage.
Description: Patting and rubbing the cheeks. Cheek biting from the inside.
Best done while bathing or washing your face.
2. A well-fed hamster.
Description: lips are closed, you can even hold them with your hands, your teeth are open, “take a mouthful of air” - inflate both cheeks, then inflate your cheeks alternately. Keep your cheeks puffed up for 3-5 seconds (consider the capabilities of the child).
3. Hungry hamster.
Description: lips are closed, teeth are open, pull your cheeks inward, you can first help with your hands.
4. The balloon burst.
Description: Lips closed, teeth open. Clap the fists on the inflated cheeks, as a result of which the air comes out with force and noise.
Lip exercises
1. Smile.
Description: teeth in natural occlusion ( upper teeth slightly overlap the lower ones), stretch the lips into a smile. Hold for 5-10 seconds.
2. Tube.
Description: Teeth in a natural occlusion, lips extended forward in a long tube ("like an elephant's trunk"). You can invite the child to portray a kiss.
3. Fence. (The goal is to form the correct posture of the organs of articulation for pronouncing whistling sounds).
Description: Lips in a smile, teeth set on top of each other (level bite) and visible. Request - “Put your teeth on top of each other (if it doesn’t work out right away, offer to “nibble” a carrot with your front teeth, “like a bunny”) and smile so that all your teeth can be seen.” Hold for 5-10 seconds.
4. Bagel. (The goal is to form the correct posture of the organs of articulation).
Description: The teeth are closed, stand on top of each other. The lips are rounded and slightly extended forward. The upper and lower incisors are visible.
5. Fence - Bagel. Smile - Proboscis. (The goal is to develop the mobility of the lips necessary to switch from whistling to hissing).
Description: Alternating lip positions. First, each posture is fixed for 3-5 seconds, then, if the exercise is performed correctly, the pace of switching increases. Attention: make sure that in the process of lip movements, the teeth do not move or open.
6. Rabbit. (The goal is to form the correct posture of the organs of articulation for the labio-dental sounds V and F).
Description: Teeth are closed. The upper lip is raised and exposes the upper incisors.
Exercises to develop lip mobility
1. Lip massage with teeth.
Description: Biting and scratching with teeth first of the upper and then of the lower lip.
2. Piglet.
Description: Move the lips stretched out with a tube to the right and left, rotate in a circle.
3. Fish talk.
Description: Clap your lips against each other (a dull sound of PPP is pronounced without exhaling).
4. Still Rybki talk.
Description: Squeeze with your thumb and index fingers with one hand the upper lip behind the nasolabial fold (vertically) and with two fingers of the other hand the lower lip (vertically) and stretch them up and down.
5. Fish are talking again.
Description: Lips closed, teeth open. Pull your cheeks inward strongly, and then sharply open your mouth. It is necessary to ensure that when performing this exercise, the characteristic sound of a "kiss" is heard. Air is drawn in.
6. Duck.
Description: Pull out the lips, squeeze them so that the thumbs are under the lower lip, and all the rest on the upper lip, and pull the lips forward as much as possible, massaging them and trying to portray the beak of a duck.
7. Disgruntled horse.
Description: The flow of exhaled air is easily and actively sent to the lips until they begin to vibrate. It makes a sound similar to the snorting of a horse. The lips should be relaxed. Exercise to perform "seriously" - if you smile, it will not work.
8. Hide sponges.
Description: The mouth is wide open, the lips are retracted into the mouth, tightly pressing against the teeth. The teeth are loosely closed, the lips are not visible.
A few more exercises for the little ones.
- inflate your cheeks strongly, holding the air in your mouth with all your might (“how long can you not breathe?”)
- holding a pencil (plastic tube) with your lips, draw a circle (square) in the air or on paper.
- hold a gauze napkin with lips (but not teeth) - an adult tries to smoothly pull it out.
- drink through a straw, blow into the water through a straw.
- finely cut the paper, fold it in a pile on the table in front of the child, ask the child to type more air into the mouth and “scare the papers” - exhale with a sharp sound P so that the papers scatter.
Exercises for the development of mobility of the lower jaw
1. Cowardly chick.
Description: Widely open and close the mouth, lips smile. The jaw drops to about two finger widths. The tongue - "chick" sits in the nest and does not protrude (it lies motionless on the bottom of the oral cavity). The exercise is performed rhythmically.
2. Sharks.
Description: The mouth is ajar, On the count of "one" the jaw moves to the right, on "two" - the jaw returns to its place, on the count of "three" - the jaw moves to the left, on "four" - the jaw returns to its place, on "five" - the jaw moves forward, to "six" - the jaw returns to its place. You need to do the exercise slowly and carefully, avoiding sudden movements.
3. Imitation of chewing with a closed and open mouth.
4. Monkey.
Description: The jaw drops down with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin.
5. Strong man.
Description: Mouth open. Imagine that a weight is hung on the chin, which must be lifted up, while raising the chin and tensing the muscles under it. Gradually close your mouth. To relax. At first, you can hold (do not press hard) the chin with your hand, artificially creating tension for the muscles.
6. Put your hands on the table, put your palms on top of each other, rest your chin on your palms. Opening your mouth, press your chin on the resisting palms. To relax.
7. Lower the jaw down overcoming resistance (an adult holds a hand under the child's jaw). Make sure that the head does not move up and back.
8. Open the mouth with the head tilted back overcoming the resistance of the adult's hand lying on the back of the child's head.
The development of a child's speech should take place in stages and include both the mechanical (physical) side and the mental side. Articulation gymnastics is part of the exercises for the development of a child's speech. At the same time, they develop speech from the mechanical side, training the muscles of the tongue, cheeks, lips and jaws.
Fulfilling articulation gymnastics, the child will pronounce words easier and more beautifully than his peers, he will pronounce all sounds correctly, the child’s speech will become melodious and pleasant, and difficult and long words will not become an obstacle in the child’s speech, as he will pronounce them easily.
Do the following tongue exercises with a child (from 2 years old) in front of a mirror and you yourself will notice changes in the child’s speech and your own, too, for the better.
Before performing speech development exercises, interest the baby, show him that he and you have a tongue, that both he and you have an upper and lower lip - stretch your lips - look how mobile they are! And how puffy cheeks! And the language - they can be twirled in different sides and even roll into a tube! Blimey! Interested? Now we begin articulation gymnastics for the development of speech with no less interest.
Gymnastics for the tongue
Shoulder blade. The mouth is open and smiling, the tongue in a relaxed state dangles on the lower lip for 5 seconds, then retracts, then protrudes again. 3 repetitions.
Kitty. Quickly make lapping movements like a kitten for 5 seconds, then smile and lap again for 5 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times.
Needle. The mouth opens into a smile and a sharp tongue quickly protrudes from the mouth, freezing on the outside for 5 seconds. Then it goes back into the mouth. Repeat 3 times. This tongue exercise will also be useful for adults, it will warm up the muscle of the tongue before speaking.
Watch. The mouth is open and smiling. In this position, you need to drive the tip of the tongue from one corner of the mouth to the other about 10 times.
Swing. It looks like an exercise for the “Watch” language, only now the tongue needs to be moved not from side to side, but from bottom to top - to the nose. Repeat 10 times.
Monkey. Alternately place the tongue from below between the teeth and lip, then from above between the teeth and lip, lingering each time for 5 seconds. Repeat 3 times. This language exercise is also useful for adults.
Nuts. The mouth is closed. With your tongue, you need to press alternately on the left cheek, then on the right, lingering in this position for 5 seconds. Repeat 3 times.
Horse. Make clattering movements with the tongue, sucking the tongue to the upper palate and tearing it off with a sound. Repeat 5 times.
Stop, horse. Draw air into your cheeks and release it through relaxed lips, making a sound similar to "prrr". Repeat 5 times.
Gymnastics for lips, cheeks, lower jaw
Baby bird. Open your mouth wide and freeze in this position for 5 seconds. Repeat 5 times. Exercise well warms up the muscles of the cheeks and lips.
Tube. Stretch your lips forward, pronouncing the sound "y" for 5 seconds. Return lips to normal position. Repeat the exercise 5 times.
Grin. Smile broadly, exposing both the upper and lower teeth, linger for 5 seconds. Repeat the exercise 5 times.
Baby. Slowly pronounce the cry of the baby “uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuumuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuusssssss.” Duration 5 seconds. Repeat 5 times.
Shark. Smile broadly, as in the "grin" exercise, then open your teeth by clicking them 5 times. Repeat the exercise 3 times.
Tube-smile. Pull your lips into a tube and smile alternately, moving from one position to another tube-smile. Repeat 10 times.
Ball. Take air into the cheeks, holding it there for 5 seconds, then press on the cheeks from both sides and release the air.
Kisses. Pull your cheeks inward and hold for 5 seconds. Run 5 times
Lock. Squeeze your lips tightly and drive them left and right, holding them in each direction for 3 seconds. Repeat 5 times.
You can do these exercises everywhere: at home, on a walk, in transport. The more often - the better, the more the baby will be trained, the easier and faster he will start talking. When the baby has fully mastered these exercises, proceed to the following exercises for older kids from 4 years old.
